Worldstretching over 250,000 km, the world's 325 international landboundaries separate the 192 independent states and 73 dependencies,areas of special sovereignty, and other miscellaneous entities;ethnicity, culture, race, religion, and language have divided statesinto separate political entities as much as history, physicalterrain, political fiat, or conquest, resulting in sometimesarbitrary and imposed boundaries; maritime states have claimedlimits and have so far established over 130 maritime boundaries andjoint development zones to allocate ocean resources and to providefor national security at sea; boundary, borderland/resource, andterritorial disputes vary in intensity from managed or dormant toviolent or militarized; most disputes over the alignment ofpolitical boundaries are confined to short segments and are todayless common and less hostile than borderland, resource, andterritorial disputes; undemarcated, indefinite, porous, andunmanaged boundaries, however, encourage illegal cross-borderactivities, uncontrolled migration, and confrontation; territorialdisputes may evolve from historical and/or cultural claims, or theymay be brought on by resource competition; ethnic clashes continueto be responsible for much of the territorial fragmentation aroundthe world; disputes over islands at sea or in rivers frequently formthe source of territorial and boundary conflict; other sources ofcontention include access to water and mineral (especiallypetroleum) resources, fisheries, and arable land; nonetheless, mostnations cooperate to clarify their international boundaries and toresolve territorial and resource disputes peacefully; regionaldiscord directly affects the sustenance and welfare of localpopulations, often leaving the world community to cope withresultant refugees, hunger, disease, impoverishment, deforestation,and desertification
YemenYemen protests Eritrea fishing around the Hanish Islandsawarded to Yemen by the ICJ in 1999; despite resistance from nomadicgroups, the demarcation of the Saudi Arabia-Yemen boundaryestablished under the 2000 Jeddah Treaty is almost complete; Yemenprotests Saudi erection of a concrete-filled pipe as a securitybarrier in 2004 to stem illegal cross-border activities in sectionsof the boundary
Zambiain 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections and joined Namibia insupporting plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge overthe Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but notclearly delimited Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river; 90,000Angolan refugees were repatriated from Zambia by 2004, the remaining160,000 are expected to return in 2005
ZimbabweBotswana has built electric fences and South Africa hasplaced military along the border to stem the flow of thousands ofZimbabweans fleeing to find work and escape political persecution;Namibia has supported and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections toplans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the ZambeziRiver, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearlydelimited Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2075 Ethnic groups (%)
AfghanistanPashtun 42%, Tajik 27%, Hazara 9%, Uzbek 9%, Aimak 4%,Turkmen 3%, Baloch 2%, other 4%
AlbaniaAlbanian 95%, Greek 3%, other 2% (Vlach, Roma (Gypsy), Serb,Macedonian, Bulgarian) (1989 est.)note: in 1989, other estimates of the Greek population ranged from1% (official Albanian statistics) to 12% (from a Greek organization)
AlgeriaArab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%note: almost all Algerians are Berber in origin, not Arab; theminority who identify themselves as Berber live mostly in themountainous region of Kabylie east of Algiers; the Berbers are alsoMuslim but identify with their Berber rather than Arab culturalheritage; Berbers have long agitated, sometimes violently, forautonomy; the government is unlikely to grant autonomy but hasoffered to begin sponsoring teaching Berber language in schools
American Samoanative Pacific islander 92.9%, Asian 2.9%, white1.2%, mixed 2.8%, other 0.2% (2000 census)
AndorraSpanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other6% (1998)
AngolaOvimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixedEuropean and native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%
Anguillablack (predominant) 90.1%, mixed, mulatto 4.6%, white 3.7%,other 1.6% (2001 Census)
Antigua and Barbudablack, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian
Argentinawhite (mostly Spanish and Italian) 97%, mestizo (mixedwhite and Amerindian ancestry), Amerindian, or other non-whitegroups 3%
ArmeniaArmenian 97.9%, Yezidi (Kurd) 1.3%, Russian 0.5%, other 0.3%(2001 census)
Arubamixed white/Caribbean Amerindian 80%
AustraliaCaucasian 92%, Asian 7%, aboriginal and other 1%
AustriaAustrians 91.1%, former Yugoslavs 4% (includes Croatians,Slovenes, Serbs, and Bosniaks), Turks 1.6%, German 0.9%, other orunspecified 2.4% (2001 census)
AzerbaijanAzeri 90.6%, Dagestani 2.2%, Russian 1.8%, Armenian 1.5%,other 3.9% (1999 census)note: almost all Armenians live in the separatist Nagorno-Karabakhregion
Bahamas, Theblack 85%, white 12%, Asian and Hispanic 3%
BahrainBahraini 62.4%, non-Bahraini 37.6% (2001 census)
BangladeshBengali 98%, tribal groups, non-Bengali Muslims (1998)
Barbadosblack 90%, white 4%, Asian and mixed 6%
BelarusBelarusian 81.2%, Russian 11.4%, Polish 3.9%, Ukrainian2.4%, other 1.1% (1999 census)
BelgiumFleming 58%, Walloon 31%, mixed or other 11%
Belizemestizo 48.7%, Creole 24.9%, Maya 10.6%, Garifuna 6.1%, other9.7%
BeninAfrican 99% (42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adja,Yoruba, Bariba), Europeans 5,500
Bermudablack 54.8%, white 34.1%, mixed 6.4%, other races 4.3%,unspecified 0.4% (2000 census)
BhutanBhote 50%, ethnic Nepalese 35% (includes Lhotsampas - one ofseveral Nepalese ethnic groups), indigenous or migrant tribes 15%
BoliviaQuechua 30%, mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry)30%, Aymara 25%, white 15%
Bosnia and HerzegovinaSerb 37.1%, Bosniak 48%, Croat 14.3%, other0.6% (2000)note: Bosniak has replaced Muslim as an ethnic term in part to avoidconfusion with the religious term Muslim - an adherent of Islam
BotswanaTswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other,including Kgalagadi and white 7%
Brazilwhite 53.7%, mulatto (mixed white and black) 38.5%, black6.2%, other (includes Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 0.9%, unspecified0.7% (2000 census)
British Virgin Islandsblack 83%, white, Indian, Asian and mixed
BruneiMalay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12%
BulgariaBulgarian 83.9%, Turk 9.4%, Roma 4.7%, other 2% (includingMacedonian, Armenian, Tatar, Circassian) (2001 census)
Burkina FasoMossi over 40%, Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Mande,Fulani
BurmaBurman 68%, Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Rakhine 4%, Chinese 3%, Indian2%, Mon 2%, other 5%
BurundiHutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%,Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000
CambodiaKhmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%
CameroonCameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%,Fulani 10%, Northwestern Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%, otherAfrican 13%, non-African less than 1%
CanadaBritish Isles origin 28%, French origin 23%, other European15%, Amerindian 2%, other, mostly Asian, African, Arab 6%, mixedbackground 26%
Cape VerdeCreole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%
Cayman Islandsmixed 40%, white 20%, black 20%, expatriates ofvarious ethnic groups 20%
Central African RepublicBaya 33%, Banda 27%, Mandjia 13%, Sara 10%,Mboum 7%, M'Baka 4%, Yakoma 4%, other 2%
Chad200 distinct groups; in the north and center: Arabs, Gorane(Toubou, Daza, Kreda), Zaghawa, Kanembou, Ouaddai, Baguirmi,Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Hausa, Boulala, and Maba, most of whom areMuslim; in the south: Sara (Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye), Moundang,Moussei, Massa, most of whom are Christian or animist; about 1,000French citizens live in Chad
Chilewhite and white-Amerindian 95%, Amerindian 3%, other 2%
ChinaHan Chinese 91.9%, Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao,Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean, and other nationalities 8.1%
Christmas IslandChinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10%note: no indigenous population (2001)
Cocos (Keeling) IslandsEuropeans, Cocos Malays
Colombiamestizo 58%, white 20%, mulatto 14%, black 4%, mixedblack-Amerindian 3%, Amerindian 1%
ComorosAntalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava
Congo, Democratic Republic of theover 200 African ethnic groups ofwhich the majority are Bantu; the four largest tribes - Mongo, Luba,Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) make up about45% of the population
Congo, Republic of theKongo 48%, Sangha 20%, M'Bochi 12%, Teke 17%,Europeans and other 3%note: Europeans estimated at 8,500, mostly French, before the 1997civil war; may be half that in 1998, following the widespreaddestruction of foreign businesses in 1997
Cook IslandsCook Island Maori (Polynesian) 87.7%, part Cook IslandMaori 5.8%, other 6.5% (2001 census)
Costa Ricawhite (including mestizo) 94%, black 3%, Amerindian 1%,Chinese 1%, other 1%
Cote d'IvoireAkan 42.1%, Voltaiques or Gur 17.6%, Northern Mandes16.5%, Krous 11%, Southern Mandes 10%, other 2.8% (includes 130,000Lebanese and 14,000 French) (1998)
CroatiaCroat 89.6%, Serb 4.5%, other 5.9% (including Bosniak,Hungarian, Slovene, Czech, and Roma) (2001 census)
Cubamulatto 51%, white 37%, black 11%, Chinese 1%
CyprusGreek 77%, Turkish 18%, other 5% (2001)
Czech RepublicCzech 90.4%, Moravian 3.7%, Slovak 1.9%, other 4%(2001 census)
DenmarkScandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian,Somali
DjiboutiSomali 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian5%
Dominicablack, mixed black and European, European, Syrian, CaribAmerindian
Dominican Republicwhite 16%, black 11%, mixed 73%
East TimorAustronesian (Malayo-Polynesian), Papuan, small Chineseminority
Ecuadormestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 65%, Amerindian 25%,Spanish and others 7%, black 3%
EgyptEastern Hamitic stock (Egyptians, Bedouins, and Berbers) 99%,Greek, Nubian, Armenian, other European (primarily Italian andFrench) 1%
El Salvadormestizo 90%, white 9%, Amerindian 1%
Equatorial GuineaBioko (primarily Bubi, some Fernandinos), Rio Muni(primarily Fang), Europeans less than 1,000, mostly Spanish
Eritreaethnic Tigrinya 50%, Tigre and Kunama 40%, Afar 4%, Saho(Red Sea coast dwellers) 3%, other 3%
EstoniaEstonian 67.9%, Russian 25.6%, Ukrainian 2.1%, Belarusian1.3%, Finn 0.9%, other 2.2% (2000 census)
EthiopiaOromo 40%, Amhara and Tigre 32%, Sidamo 9%, Shankella 6%,Somali 6%, Afar 4%, Gurage 2%, other 1%
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)British
Faroe IslandsScandinavian
FijiFijian 51% (predominantly Melanesian with a Polynesianadmixture), Indian 44%, European, other Pacific Islanders, overseasChinese, and other 5% (1998 est.)
FinlandFinn 93.4%, Swede 5.7%, Russian 0.4%, Estonian 0.2%, Roma0.2%, Sami 0.1%
FranceCeltic and Latin with Teutonic, Slavic, North African,Indochinese, Basque minorities
French Guianablack or mulatto 66%, white 12%, East Indian, Chinese,Amerindian 12%, other 10%
French PolynesiaPolynesian 78%, Chinese 12%, local French 6%,metropolitan French 4%
GabonBantu tribes including four major tribal groupings (Fang,Bapounou, Nzebi, Obamba), other Africans and Europeans 154,000,including 10,700 French and 11,000 persons of dual nationality
Gambia, TheAfrican 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola10%, Serahuli 9%, other 4%), non-African 1%
Gaza StripPalestinian Arab and other 99.4%, Jewish 0.6%
GeorgiaGeorgian 83.8%, Azeri 6.5%, Armenian 5.7%, Russian 1.5%,other 2.5% (2002 census)
GermanyGerman 91.5%, Turkish 2.4%, other 6.1% (made up largely ofGreek, Italian, Polish, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Spanish)
Ghanablack African 98.5% (major tribes - Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%, Gurma 3%, Yoruba 1%), European and other 1.5%(1998)
GibraltarSpanish, Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese, German,North Africans
GreeceGreek 98%, other 2%note: the Greek Government states there are no ethnic divisions inGreece
GreenlandGreenlander 88% (Inuit and Greenland-born whites), Danishand others 12% (January 2000)
Grenadablack 82%, mixed black and European 13%, European and EastIndian 5%, and trace of Arawak/Carib Amerindian
Guadeloupeblack or mulatto 90%, white 5%, East Indian, Lebanese,Chinese less than 5%
GuamChamorro 37.1%, Filipino 26.3%, other Pacific islander 11.3%,white 6.9%, other Asian 6.3%, other ethnic origin or race 2.3%,mixed 9.8% (2000 census)
GuatemalaMestizo (mixed Amerindian-Spanish - in local Spanishcalled Ladino) and European 59.4%, K'iche 9.1%, Kaqchikel 8.4%, Mam7.9%, Q'eqchi 6.3%, other Mayan 8.6%, indigenous non-Mayan 0.2%,other 0.1% (2001 census)
GuernseyUK and Norman-French descent with small percentages fromother European countries
GuineaPeuhl 40%, Malinke 30%, Soussou 20%, smaller ethnic groups 10%
Guinea-BissauAfrican 99% (Balanta 30%, Fula 20%, Manjaca 14%,Mandinga 13%, Papel 7%), European and mulatto less than 1%
GuyanaEast Indian 50%, black 36%, Amerindian 7%, white, Chinese,and mixed 7%
Haitiblack 95%, mulatto and white 5%
Holy See (Vatican City)Italians, Swiss, other
Hondurasmestizo (mixed Amerindian and European) 90%, Amerindian 7%,black 2%, white 1%
Hong KongChinese 95%, other 5%
HungaryHungarian 92.3%, Roma 1.9%, other or unknown 5.8% (2001census)
Icelandhomogeneous mixture of descendants of Norse and Celts 94%,population of foreign origin 6%
IndiaIndo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% (2000)
IndonesiaJavanese 45%, Sundanese 14%, Madurese 7.5%, coastal Malays7.5%, other 26%
IranPersian 51%, Azeri 24%, Gilaki and Mazandarani 8%, Kurd 7%,Arab 3%, Lur 2%, Baloch 2%, Turkmen 2%, other 1%
IraqArab 75%-80%, Kurdish 15%-20%, Turkoman, Assyrian or other 5%
IrelandCeltic, English
IsraelJewish 80.1% (Europe/America-born 32.1%, Israel-born 20.8%,Africa-born 14.6%, Asia-born 12.6%), non-Jewish 19.9% (mostly Arab)(1996 est.)
ItalyItalian (includes small clusters of German-, French-, andSlovene-Italians in the north and Albanian-Italians andGreek-Italians in the south)
Jamaicablack 90.9%, East Indian 1.3%, white 0.2%, Chinese 0.2%,mixed 7.3%, other 0.1%
JapanJapanese 99%, others 1% (Korean 511,262, Chinese 244,241,Brazilian 182,232, Filipino 89,851, other 237,914)note: up to 230,000 Brazilians of Japanese origin migrated to Japanin the 1990s to work in industries; some have returned to Brazil(2004)
JerseyJersey 51.1%, British 34.8%, Irish, French, and other white6.6%, Portuguese/Madeiran 6.4%, other 1.1% (2001 census)
JordanArab 98%, Circassian 1%, Armenian 1%
KazakhstanKazakh (Qazaq) 53.4%, Russian 30%, Ukrainian 3.7%, Uzbek2.5%, German 2.4%, Tatar 1.7%, Uygur 1.4%, other 4.9% (1999 census)
KenyaKikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii6%, Meru 6%, other African 15%, non-African (Asian, European, andArab) 1%
KiribatiMicronesian 98.8%, other 1.2% (2000 census)
Korea, Northracially homogeneous; there is a small Chinesecommunity and a few ethnic Japanese
Korea, Southhomogeneous (except for about 20,000 Chinese)
KuwaitKuwaiti 45%, other Arab 35%, South Asian 9%, Iranian 4%,other 7%
KyrgyzstanKyrgyz 64.9%, Uzbek 13.8%, Russian 12.5%, Dungan 1.1%,Ukrainian 1%, Uygur 1%, other 5.7% (1999 census)
LaosLao Loum (lowland) 68%, Lao Theung (upland) 22%, Lao Soung(highland) including the Hmong and the Yao 9%, ethnicVietnamese/Chinese 1%
LatviaLatvian 57.7%, Russian 29.6%, Belarusian 4.1%, Ukrainian2.7%, Polish 2.5%, Lithuanian 1.4%, other 2% (2002)
LebanonArab 95%, Armenian 4%, other 1%
LesothoSotho 99.7%, Europeans, Asians, and other 0.3%,
Liberiaindigenous African tribes 95% (including Kpelle, Bassa, Gio,Kru, Grebo, Mano, Krahn, Gola, Gbandi, Loma, Kissi, Vai, Dei, Bella,Mandingo, and Mende), Americo-Liberians 2.5% (descendants ofimmigrants from the US who had been slaves), Congo People 2.5%(descendants of immigrants from the Caribbean who had been slaves)
LibyaBerber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians,Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, Tunisians
LiechtensteinAlemannic 86%, Italian, Turkish, and other 14%
LithuaniaLithuanian 83.4%, Polish 6.7%, Russian 6.3%, other orunspecified 3.6% (2001 census)
LuxembourgCeltic base (with French and German blend), Portuguese,Italian, Slavs (from Montenegro, Albania, and Kosovo) and European(guest and resident workers)
MacauChinese 95.7%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry)1%, other 3.3% (2001 census)
MacedoniaMacedonian 64.2%, Albanian 25.2%, Turkish 3.9%, Roma 2.7%,Serb 1.8%, other 2.2% (2002 census)
MadagascarMalayo-Indonesian (Merina and related Betsileo), Cotiers(mixed African, Malayo-Indonesian, and Arab ancestry -Betsimisaraka, Tsimihety, Antaisaka, Sakalava), French, Indian,Creole, Comoran
MalawiChewa, Nyanja, Tumbuka, Yao, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni,Ngonde, Asian, European
MalaysiaMalay 50.4%, Chinese 23.7%, Indigenous 11%, Indian 7.1%,others 7.8% (2004 est.)
MaldivesSouth Indians, Sinhalese, Arabs
MaliMande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%,Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5%
MaltaMaltese (descendants of ancient Carthaginians and Phoenicians,with strong elements of Italian and other Mediterranean stock)
Man, Isle ofManx (Norse-Celtic descent), Briton
Marshall IslandsMicronesian
MartiniqueAfrican and African-white-Indian mixture 90%, white 5%,East Indian, Chinese less than 5%
Mauritaniamixed Maur/black 40%, Moor 30%, black 30%
MauritiusIndo-Mauritian 68%, Creole 27%, Sino-Mauritian 3%,Franco-Mauritian 2%
MayotteNA
Mexicomestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 60%, Amerindian or predominantlyAmerindian 30%, white 9%, other 1%
Micronesia, Federated States ofnine ethnic Micronesian andPolynesian groups
MoldovaMoldovan/Romanian 64.5%, Ukrainian 13.8%, Russian 13%,Jewish 1.5%, Bulgarian 2%, Gagauz and other 5.2% (1989 est.)note: internal disputes with ethnic Slavs in the Transnistrian region
MonacoFrench 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
MongoliaMongol (mostly Khalkha) 94.9%, Turkic (mostly Kazakh) 5%,other (including Chinese and Russian) 0.1% (2000)
Montserratblack, white
MoroccoArab-Berber 99.1%, other 0.7%, Jewish 0.2%
Mozambiqueindigenous tribal groups 99.66% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe,Sena, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08%
Namibiablack 87.5%, white 6%, mixed 6.5%note: about 50% of the population belong to the Ovambo tribe and 9%to the Kavangos tribe; other ethnic groups are: Herero 7%, Damara7%, Nama 5%, Caprivian 4%, Bushmen 3%, Baster 2%, Tswana 0.5%
NauruNauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European8%
NepalChhettri 15.5%, Brahman-Hill 12.5%, Magar 7%, Tharu 6.6%,Tamang 5.5%, Newar 5.4%, Muslim 4.2%, Kami 3.9%, Yadav 3.9%, other32.7%, unspecified 2.8% (2001 census)
NetherlandsDutch 83%, other 17% (of which 9% are non-Western originmainly Turks, Moroccans, Antilleans, Surinamese, and Indonesians)(1999 est.)
Netherlands Antillesmixed black 85%, Carib Amerindian, white, EastAsian
New CaledoniaMelanesian 42.5%, European 37.1%, Wallisian 8.4%,Polynesian 3.8%, Indonesian 3.6%, Vietnamese 1.6%, other 3%
New ZealandEuropean 69.8%, Maori 7.9%, Asian 5.7%, Pacific islander4.4%, other 0.5%, mixed 7.8%, unspecified 3.8% (2001 census)
Nicaraguamestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 69%, white 17%, black9%, Amerindian 5%
NigerHausa 56%, Djerma 22%, Fula 8.5%, Tuareg 8%, Beri Beri(Kanouri) 4.3%, Arab, Toubou, and Gourmantche 1.2%, about 1,200French expatriates
NigeriaNigeria, Africa's most populous country, is composed of morethan 250 ethnic groups; the following are the most populous andpolitically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo(Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%
NiueNiuen 78.2%, Pacific islander 10.2%, European 4.5%, mixed 3.9%,Asian 0.2%, unspecified 3% (2001 census)
Norfolk Islanddescendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, NewZealander, Polynesians
Northern Mariana IslandsAsian 56.3%, Pacific islander 36.3%,Caucasian 1.8%, other 0.8%, mixed 4.8% (2000 census)
NorwayNorwegian, Sami 20,000
OmanArab, Baluchi, South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan,Bangladeshi), African
PakistanPunjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir(immigrants from India at the time of partition and theirdescendants)
PalauPalauan (Micronesian with Malayan and Melanesian admixtures)69.9%, Carolinian 1.4%, other Micronesian 1.1%, Filipino 15.3%,Chinese 4.9%, other Asian 2.4%, white 1.9%, other or unspecified3.2% (2000 census)
Panamamestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 70%, Amerindian andmixed (West Indian) 14%, white 10%, Amerindian 6%
Papua New GuineaMelanesian, Papuan, Negrito, Micronesian, Polynesian
Paraguaymestizo (mixed Spanish and Amerindian) 95%, other 5%
PeruAmerindian 45%, mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 37%, white15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3%
PhilippinesTagalog 28.1%, Cebuano 13.1%, Llocano 9%,Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%, Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5%, Bikol 6%, Waray 3.4%,other 25.3% (2000 census)
Pitcairn Islandsdescendants of the Bounty mutineers and theirTahitian wives
PolandPolish 96.7%, German 0.4%, Belarusian 0.1%, Ukrainian 0.1%,other and unspecified 2.7% (2002 census)
Portugalhomogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black Africandescent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number lessthan 100,000; since 1990 East Europeans have entered Portugal
Puerto Ricowhite (mostly Spanish origin) 80.5%, black 8%,Amerindian 0.4%, Asian 0.2%, mixed and other 10.9%
QatarArab 40%, Pakistani 18%, Indian 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14%
ReunionFrench, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian
RomaniaRomanian 89.5%, Hungarian 6.6%, Roma 2.5%, Ukrainian 0.3%,German 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, Turkish 0.2%, other 0.4% (2002 census)
RussiaRussian 79.8%, Tatar 3.8%, Ukrainian 2%, Bashkir 1.2%,Chuvash 1.1%, other or unspecified 12.1% (2002 census)
RwandaHutu 84%, Tutsi 15%, Twa (Pygmoid) 1%
Saint HelenaAfrican descent 50%, white 25%, Chinese 25%
Saint Kitts and Nevis predominantly black; some British, Portuguese, and Lebanese
Saint Luciablack 90%, mixed 6%, East Indian 3%, white 1%
Saint Pierre and MiquelonBasques and Bretons (French fishermen)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadinesblack 66%, mixed 19%, East Indian6%, Carib Amerindian 2%, other 7%
SamoaSamoan 92.6%, Euronesians 7% (persons of European andPolynesian blood), Europeans 0.4%
San MarinoSammarinese, Italian
Sao Tome and Principemestico, angolares (descendants of Angolanslaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contractlaborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (childrenof servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese)
Saudi ArabiaArab 90%, Afro-Asian 10%
SenegalWolof 43.3%, Pular 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka3%, Soninke 1.1%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 9.4%
Serbia and MontenegroSerb 62.6%, Albanian 16.5%, Montenegrin 5%,Hungarian 3.3%, other 12.6% (1991)
Seychellesmixed French, African, Indian, Chinese, and Arab
Sierra Leone20 native African tribes 90% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%,other 30%), Creole (Krio) 10% (descendants of freed Jamaican slaveswho were settled in the Freetown area in the late-18th century),refugees from Liberia's recent civil war, small numbers ofEuropeans, Lebanese, Pakistanis, and Indians
SingaporeChinese 76.8%, Malay 13.9%, Indian 7.9%, other 1.4% (2000census)
SlovakiaSlovak 85.8%, Hungarian 9.7%, Roma 1.7%,Ruthenian/Ukrainian 1%, other and unspecified 1.8% (2001 census)
SloveniaSlovene 83.1%, Serb 2%, Croat 1.8%, Bosniak 1.1%, other orunspecified 12% (2002 census)
Solomon IslandsMelanesian 94.5%, Polynesian 3%, Micronesian 1.2%,other 1.1%, unspecified 0.2% (1999 census)
SomaliaSomali 85%, Bantu and other non-Somali 15% (including Arabs30,000)
South Africablack African 79%, white 9.6%, colored 8.9%,Indian/Asian 2.5% (2001 census)
Spaincomposite of Mediterranean and Nordic types
Sri LankaSinhalese 73.8%, Sri Lankan Moors 7.2%, Indian Tamil 4.6%,Sri Lankan Tamil 3.9%, other 0.5%, unspecified 10% (2001 censusprovisional data)
Sudanblack 52%, Arab 39%, Beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1%
SurinameHindustani (also known locally as "East Indians"; theirancestors emigrated from northern India in the latter part of the19th century) 37%, Creole (mixed white and black) 31%, Javanese 15%,"Maroons" (their African ancestors were brought to the country inthe 17th and 18th centuries as slaves and escaped to the interior)10%, Amerindian 2%, Chinese 2%, white 1%, other 2%
SvalbardNorwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3%(1998)
SwazilandAfrican 97%, European 3%
Swedenindigenous population: Swedes and Finnish and Samiminorities; foreign-born or first-generation immigrants: Finns,Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks
SwitzerlandGerman 65%, French 18%, Italian 10%, Romansch 1%, other6%
SyriaArab 90.3%, Kurds, Armenians, and other 9.7%
TaiwanTaiwanese (including Hakka) 84%, mainland Chinese 14%,aborigine 2%
TajikistanTajik 79.9%, Uzbek 15.3%, Russian 1.1%, Kyrgyz 1.1%,other 2.6% (2000 census)
Tanzaniamainland - native African 99% (of which 95% are Bantuconsisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian,European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, native African, mixed Arab andnative African
ThailandThai 75%, Chinese 14%, other 11%
Togonative African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe,Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%
TokelauPolynesian
TongaPolynesian, Europeans about 300
Trinidad and TobagoIndian (South Asian) 40%, African 37.5%, mixed20.5%, other 1.2%, unspecified 0.8% (2000 census)
TunisiaArab 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1%
TurkeyTurkish 80%, Kurdish 20% (estimated)
TurkmenistanTurkmen 85%, Uzbek 5%, Russian 4%, other 6% (2003)
Turks and Caicos Islandsblack 90%, mixed, European, or NorthAmerican 10%
TuvaluPolynesian 96%, Micronesian 4%
UgandaBaganda 17%, Ankole 8%, Basoga 8%, Iteso 8%, Bakiga 7%, Langi6%, Rwanda 6%, Bagisu 5%, Acholi 4%, Lugbara 4%, Batoro 3%, Bunyoro3%, Alur 2%, Bagwere 2%, Bakonjo 2%, Jopodhola 2%, Karamojong 2%,Rundi 2%, non-African (European, Asian, Arab) 1%, other 8%
UkraineUkrainian 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Belarusian 0.6%, Moldovan0.5%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Romanian0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 0.2%, other 1.8% (2001 census)
United Arab EmiratesEmirati 19%, other Arab and Iranian 23%, SouthAsian 50%, other expatriates (includes Westerners and East Asians)8% (1982)note: less than 20% are UAE citizens (1982)
United Kingdomwhite (English 83.6%, Scottish 8.6%, Welsh 4.9%,Northern Irish 2.9%) 92.1%, black 2%, Indian 1.8%, Pakistani 1.3%,mixed 1.2%, other 1.6% (2001 census)
United Stateswhite 81.7%, black 12.9%, Asian 4.2%, Amerindian andAlaska native 1%, native Hawaiian and other Pacific islander 0.2%(2003 est.)note: a separate listing for Hispanic is not included because the USCensus Bureau considers Hispanic to mean a person of Latin Americandescent (including persons of Cuban, Mexican, or Puerto Ricanorigin) living in the US who may be of any race or ethnic group(white, black, Asian, etc.)
Uruguaywhite 88%, mestizo 8%, black 4%, Amerindian (practicallynonexistent)
UzbekistanUzbek 80%, Russian 5.5%, Tajik 5%, Kazakh 3%, Karakalpak2.5%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.5% (1996 est.)
VanuatuNi-Vanuatu 98.5%, other 1.5% (1999 Census)
VenezuelaSpanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African,indigenous people
VietnamKinh (Viet) 86.2%, Tay 1.9%, Thai 1.7%, Muong 1.5%, Khome1.4%, Hoa 1.1%, Nun 1.1%, Hmong 1%, others 4.1% (1999 census)
Virgin Islandsblack 76.2%, white 13.1%, Asian 1.1%, other 6.1%,mixed 3.5% (2000 census)
Wallis and FutunaPolynesian
West BankPalestinian Arab and other 83%, Jewish 17%
Western SaharaArab, Berber
Yemenpredominantly Arab; but also Afro-Arab, South Asians, Europeans
ZambiaAfrican 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2%
ZimbabweAfrican 98% (Shona 82%, Ndebele 14%, other 2%), mixed andAsian 1%, white less than 1%
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2076 Exchange rates
Afghanistanafghanis per US dollar - 3,000 (2004), 3,000 (2003),3,000 (2002), 3,000 (2001), 3,000 (2000)note: in 2002, the afghani was revalued and the currency stabilizedat about 50 afghanis to the dollar; before 2002, the market ratevaried widely from the official rate
Albanialeke per US dollar - 102.649 (2004), 121.863 (2003), 140.155(2002), 143.485 (2001), 143.709 (2000)
AlgeriaAlgerian dinars per US dollar - 72.061 (2004), 77.395(2003), 79.682 (2002), 77.215 (2001), 75.26 (2000)
American Samoathe US dollar is used
Andorraeuros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626(2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Angolakwanza per US dollar - 83.541 (2004), 74.606 (2003), 43.53(2002), 22.058 (2001), 10.041 (2000)
AnguillaEast Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7 (2004), 2.7(2003), 2.7 (2002), 2.7 (2001), 2.7 (2000)note: fixed rate since 1976
Antigua and BarbudaEast Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7(2004), 2.7 (2003), 2.7 (2002), 2.7 (2001), 2.7 (2000)note: fixed rate since 1976
ArgentinaArgentine pesos per US dollar - 2.9233 (2004), 2.9006(2003), 3.0633 (2002), 0.9995 (2001), 0.9995 (2000)
Armeniadrams per US dollar - 533.45 (2004), 578.76 (2003), 573.35(2002), 555.08 (2001), 539.53 (2000)
ArubaAruban guilders/florins per US dollar - 1.79 (2004), 1.79(2003), 1.79 (2002), 1.79 (2001), 1.79 (2000)
AustraliaAustralian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419(2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000)
Austriaeuros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626(2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
AzerbaijanAzerbaijani manats per US dollar - 4,913.48 (2004),4,910.73 (2003), 4,860.82 (2002), 4,656.58 (2001), 4,474.15 (2000)
Bahamas, TheBahamian dollars per US dollar - 1 (2004), 1 (2003), 1(2002), 1 (2001), 1 (2000)
BahrainBahraini dinars per US dollar - 0.376 (2004), 0.376 (2003),0.376 (2002), 0.376 (2001), 0.376 (2000)
Bangladeshtaka per US dollar - 59.513 (2004), 58.15 (2003), 57.888(2002), 55.807 (2001), 52.142 (2000)
BarbadosBarbadian dollars per US dollar - 2 (2004), 2 (2003), 2(2002), 2 (2001), 2 (2000)
BelarusBelarusian rubles per US dollar - 2,160.26 (2004), 2,051.27(2003), 1,790.92 (2002), 1,390 (2001), 876.75 (2000)
Belgiumeuros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626(2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
BelizeBelizean dollars per US dollar - 2 (2004), 2 (2003), 2(2002), 2 (2001), 2 (2000)
BeninCommunaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98(2000)
BermudaBermudian dollar per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate peggedto the US dollar)
Bhutanngultrum per US dollar - 45.317 (2004), 46.583 (2003), 48.61(2002), 47.186 (2001), 44.942 (2000)
Boliviabolivianos per US dollar - 7.9363 (2004), 7.6592 (2003),7.17 (2002), 6.6069 (2001), 6.1835 (2000)
Bosnia and Herzegovinamarka per US dollar - 1.58 (2004), 1.73(2003), 2.08 (2002), 2.19 (2001), 2.12 (2000)note: the marka is pegged to the euro
Botswanapulas per US dollar - 4.6929 (2004), 4.9499 (2003), 6.3278(2002), 5.8412 (2001), 5.1018 (2000)
Brazilreals per US dollar - 2.9251 (2004), 3.0771 (2003), 2.9208(2002), 2.3577 (2001), 1.8301 (2000)
British Virgin Islandsthe US dollar is used
BruneiBruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.6902 (2004), 1.7422(2003), 1.7906 (2002), 1.7917 (2001), 1.724 (2000)
Bulgarialeva per US dollar - 1.5751 (2004), 1.7327 (2003), 2.077(2002), 2.1847 (2001), 2.1233 (2000)note: on 5 July 1999, the lev was redenominated; the post-5 July1999 lev is equal to 1,000 of the pre-5 July 1999 lev
Burkina FasoCommunaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per USdollar - 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001),711.98 (2000)
Burmakyats per US dollar - 5.7459 (2004), 6.0764 (2003), 6.5734(2002), 6.6841 (2001), 6.4257 (2000)note: these are official exchange rates; unofficial exchange ratesranged in 2004 from 815 kyat/US dollar to nearly 970 kyat/US dollar
BurundiBurundi francs per US dollar - 1,100.91 (2004), 1,082.62(2003), 930.75 (2002), 830.35 (2001), 720.67 (2000)
Cambodiariels per US dollar - 4,016.25 (2004), 3,973.33 (2003),3,912.08 (2002), 3,916.33 (2001), 3,840.75 (2000)
CameroonCommunaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar- 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98(2000)
CanadaCanadian dollars per US dollar - 1.301 (2004), 1.4011 (2003),1.5693 (2002), 1.5488 (2001), 1.4851 (2000)
Cape VerdeCape Verdean escudos (CVE) per US dollar - 88.808 (2004),97.703 (2003), 117.168 (2002), 123.228 (2001), 119.687 (2000)
Cayman IslandsCaymanian dollars per US dollar - 0.82 (29 October2001), 0.83 (3 November 1995), 0.85 (22 November 1993)
Central African RepublicCommunaute Financiere Africaine francs(XAF) per US dollar - 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002),733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000)
ChadCommunaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar -528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98(2000)
ChileChilean pesos per US dollar - 609.37 (2004), 691.43 (2003),688.94 (2002), 634.94 (2001), 539.59 (2000)
Chinayuan per US dollar - 8.2768 (2004), 8.277 (2003), 8.277(2002), 8.2771 (2001), 8.2785 (2000)
Christmas IslandAustralian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598 (2004),1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000)
Cocos (Keeling) IslandsAustralian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598(2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000)
ColombiaColombian pesos per US dollar - 2,628.61 (2004), 2,877.65(2003), 2,504.24 (2002), 2,299.63 (2001), 2,087.9 (2000)
ComorosComoran francs (KMF) per US dollar - 396.21 (2004), 435.9(2003), 522.74 (2002), 549.78 (2001), 533.98 (2000)note: the Comoran franc is pegged to the euro at a rate of 491.9677Comoran francs per euro
Congo, Democratic Republic of theCongolese francs per US dollar -401.04 (2004), 405.34 (2003), 346.49 (2002), 206.62 (2001), 21.82(2000)
Congo, Republic of theCommunaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF)per US dollar - 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04(2001), 711.98 (2000)
Cook IslandsNew Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.5087 (2004),1.7221 (2003), 2.1622 (2002), 2.3788 (2001), 2.2012 (2000)
Costa RicaCosta Rican colones per US dollar - 437.91 (2004), 398.66(2003), 359.82 (2002), 328.87 (2001), 308.19 (2000)
Cote d'IvoireCommunaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per USdollar - 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001),711.98 (2000)
Croatiakuna per US dollar - 6.0358 (2004), 6.7035 (2003), 7.8687(2002), 8.34 (2001), 8.2766 (2000)
CubaConvertible pesos per US dollar - 0.93note: Cuba has three currencies in circulation: the Cuban peso(CUP), the convertible peso (CUC), and the US dollar (USD), althoughthe dollar is being withdrawn from circulation; in April 2005 theofficial exchange rate changed from $1 per CUC to $1.08 per CUC(0.93 CUC per $1), both for individuals and enterprises; individualscan buy 24 Cuban pesos (CUP) for each CUC sold, or sell 25 Cubanpesos for each CUC bought; enterprises, however, must exchange CUPand CUC at a 1:1 ratio.
CyprusCypriot pounds per US dollar - 0.4686 (2004), 0.5174 (2003),0.6107 (2002), 0.6431 (2001), 0.6224 (2000), Turkish lira per USdollar 1.426 million (2004), 1.501 million (2003), 1.507 million(2002), 1.226 million (2001), 625,200 (2000)
Czech Republickoruny per US dollar - 25.7 (2004), 28.209 (2003),32.739 (2002), 38.035 (2001), 38.598 (2000)
DenmarkDanish kroner per US dollar - 5.9911 (2004), 6.5877 (2003),7.8947 (2002), 8.3228 (2001), 8.0831 (2000)
DjiboutiDjiboutian francs per US dollar - 177.72 (2004), 177.72(2003), 177.72 (2002), 177.72 (2001), 177.72 (2000)
DominicaEast Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7 (2004), 2.7(2003), 2.7 (2002), 2.7 (2001), 2.7 (2000)
Dominican RepublicDominican pesos per US dollar - 42.12 (2004),30.831 (2003), 18.61 (2002), 16.952 (2001), 16.415 (2000)
East Timorthe US dollar is the legal tender
Ecuador25,000 (2004), 25,000 (2003), 25,000 (2002), 25,000 (2001),24,988 (2000)
EgyptEgyptian pounds per US dollar - 6.1963 (2004), 5.8509 (2003),4.4997 (2002), 3.973 (2001), 3.4721 (2000)
El Salvadorthe US dollar became El Salvador's currency in 2001
Equatorial GuineaCommunaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) perUS dollar - 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04(2001), 711.98 (2000)
Eritreanakfa (ERN) per US dollar - 13.788 (2004), 13.878 (2003),13.958 (2002), 11.31 (2001), 9.625 (2000)
Estoniakrooni per US dollar - 12.596 (2004), 13.856 (2003), 16.612(2002), 17.478 (2001), 16.969 (2000)
Ethiopiabirr per US dollar - 8.68 (2004), 8.5997 (2003), 8.5678(2002), 8.4575 (2001), 8.2173 (2000)note: since 24 October 2001 exchange rates are determined on a dailybasis via interbank transactions regulated by the Central Bank
European Unioneuros per US dollar - 0.81 (2004), 0.89 (2003), 1.06(2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09 (2000)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)Falkland pounds per US dollar -0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001), 0.6609(2000)note: the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound
Faroe IslandsDanish kroner per US dollar - 5.9911 (2004), 6.5877(2003), 7.8947 (2002), 8.3228 (2001), 8.0831 (2000)
FijiFijian dollars per US dollar - 1.7331 (2004), 1.8958 (2003),2.1869 (2002), 2.2766 (2001), 2.1286 (2000)
Finlandeuros per US dollar - 0.81 (2004), 0.89 (2003), 1.06 (2002),1.12 (2001), 1.09 (2000)
Franceeuros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626(2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
French GuianaEuros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003),1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
French PolynesiaComptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per USdollar - 96.04 (2004), 105.66 (2003), 126.71 (2002), 133.26 (2001),129.43 (2000)note: pegged at the rate of 119.25 XPF to the euro
GabonCommunaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar -528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98(2000)
Gambia, Thedalasi per US dollar - 27.306 (2003), 27.306 (2003),19.918 (2002), 15.687 (2001), 12.788 (2000)
Gaza Stripnew Israeli shekels per US dollar - 4.482 (2004), 4.5541(2003), 4.7378 (2002), 4.2057 (2001), 4.0773 (2000)
Georgialari per US dollar - 1.9167 (2004), 2.1457 (2003), 2.1957(2002), 2.073 (2001), 1.9762 (2000)
Germanyeuros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626(2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Ghanacedis per US dollar - 9,004.6 (2004), 8,677.4 (2003), 7,932.7(2002), 7,170.8 (2001), 5,455.1 (2000)
GibraltarGibraltar pounds per US dollar - 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125(2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001), 0.6609 (2000)note: the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound
Greeceeuros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626(2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
GreenlandDanish kroner per US dollar - 5.9911 (2004), 6.5877(2003), 7.8947 (2002), 8.3228 (2001), 8.0831 (2000)
GrenadaEast Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7 (2004), 2.7(2003), 2.7 (2002), 2.7 (2001), 2.7 (2000)
Guadeloupeeuros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626(2002), 1.1175 j(2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Guamthe US dollar is used
Guatemalaquetzales per US dollar - 7.9465 (2004), 7.9409 (2003),7.8216 (2002), 7.8586 (2001), 7.7632 (2000)
GuernseyGuernsey pounds per US dollar - 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125(2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001), 0.6609 (2000)note: the Guernsey pound is at par with the British pound
GuineaGuinean francs per US dollar - 2,550 (2004), 1,984.9 (2003),1,975.8 (2002), 1,950.6 (2001), 1,746.9 (2000)
Guinea-BissauCommunaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per USdollar - 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001),711.98 (2000)note: since 1 January 1999, the XOF franc is pegged to the euro at arate of 655.957 XOF francs per euro
GuyanaGuyanese dollars per US dollar - 198.33 (2004), 193.88(2003), 190.67 (2002), 187.32 (2001), 182.43 (2000)
Haitigourdes per US dollar - 38.352 (2004), 42.367 (2003), 29.251(2002), 24.429 (2001), 21.171 (2000)
Holy See (Vatican City)euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886(2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Honduraslempiras per US dollar - 18.206 (2004), 17.345 (2003),16.433 (2002), 15.474 (2001), 14.839 (2000)
Hong KongHong Kong dollars per US dollar - 7.788 (2004), 7.7868(2003), 7.7989 (2002), 7.7988 (2001), 7.7912 (2000)
Hungaryforints per US dollar - 202.75 (2004), 224.31 (2003), 257.89(2002), 286.49 (2001), 282.18 (2000)
IcelandIcelandic kronur per US dollar - 70.192 (2004), 76.709(2003), 91.662 (2002), 97.425 (2001), 78.616 (2000)
IndiaIndian rupees per US dollar - 45.317 (2004), 46.583 (2003),48.61 (2002), 47.186 (2001), 44.942 (2000)
IndonesiaIndonesian rupiahs per US dollar - 8,938.9 (2004), 8,577.1(2003), 9,311.2 (2002), 10,260.8 (2001), 8,421.8 (2000)
Iranrials per US dollar - 8,614 (2004), 8,193.9 (2003), 6,907(2002), 1,753.6 (2001), 1,764.4 (2000)note: Iran has been using a managed floating exchange rate regimesince unifying multiple exchange rates in March 2002
IraqNew Iraqi dinars per US dollar - 1,890 (second half, 2003),0.3109 (2002), 0.3109 (2001), 0.3109 (2000)
Irelandeuros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626(2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Israelnew Israeli shekels per US dollar - 4.482 (2004), 4.5541(2003), 4.7378 (2002), 4.2057 (2001), 4.0773 (2000)
Italyeuros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626(2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
JamaicaJamaican dollars per US dollar - 61.197 (2004), 57.741(2003), 48.416 (2002), 45.996 (2001), 42.986 (2000)
Japanyen per US dollar - 108.19 (2004), 115.93 (2003), 125.39(2002), 121.53 (2001), 107.77 (2000)
JerseyJersey pounds per US dollar - 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003),0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001), 0.6609 (2000)note: the Jersey pound is at par with the British pound
JordanJordanian dinars per US dollar - 0.709 (2004), 0.709 (2003),0.709 (2002), 0.709 (2001), 0.709 (2000)
Kazakhstantenge per US dollar - 136.04 (2004), 149.58 (2003),153.28 (2002), 146.74 (2001), 142.13 (2000)
KenyaKenyan shillings per US dollar - 79.174 (2004), 75.936 (2003),78.749 (2002), 78.563 (2001), 76.176 (2000)
KiribatiAustralian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419(2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000)
Korea, Northofficial: North Korean won per US dollar - 170(December 2004), 150 (December 2002), 2.15 (December 2001); market:North Korean won per US dollar - 300-600 (December 2002)
Korea, SouthSouth Korean won per US dollar - 1,145.3 (2004),1,191.6 (2003), 1,251.1 (2002), 1,291 (2001), 1,131 (2000)
KuwaitKuwaiti dinars per US dollar - 0.2947 (2004), 0.298 (2003),0.3039 (2002), 0.3067 (2001), 0.3068 (2000)
Kyrgyzstansoms per US dollar - 42.65 (2004), 43.648 (2003), 46.937(2002), 48.378 (2001), 47.704 (2000)
Laoskips per US dollar - 10,820 (2004), 10,569 (2003), 10,056.3(2002), 8,954.6 (2001), 7,887.6 (2000)
Latvialati per US dollar - 0.5402 (2004), 0.5715 (2003), 0.6182(2002), 0.6279 (2001), 0.6065 (2000)
LebanonLebanese pounds per US dollar - 1,507.5 (2004), 1,507.5(2003), 1,507.5 (2002), 1,507.5 (2001), 1,507.5 (2000)
Lesothomaloti per US dollar - 6.4597 (2004), 7.5648 (2003), 10.5407(2002), 8.6092 (2001), 6.9398 (2000)
LiberiaLiberian dollars per US dollar - 54.906 (2004), 59.379(2003), 61.754 (2002), 48.583 (2001), 40.953 (2000)
LibyaLibyan dinars per US dollar - 1.305 (2004), 1.2929 (2003),1.2707 (2002), 0.6051 (2001), 0.5122 (2000)
LiechtensteinSwiss francs per US dollar - 1.2435 (2004), 1.3467(2003), 1.5586 (2002), 1.6876 (2001), 1.6888 (2000)
Lithuanialitai per US dollar - 2.7806 (2004), 3.0609 (2003), 3.677(2002), 4 (2001), 4 (2000)
Luxembourgeuros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626(2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Macaupatacas per US dollar - 8.022 (2004), 8.021 (2003), 8.033(2002), 8.034 (2001), 8.026 (2000)
MacedoniaMacedonian denars per US dollar - 49.41 (2004), 54.32(2003), 64.35 (2002), 68.04 (2001), 65.9 (2000)
MadagascarMalagasy francs per US dollar - 1,868.9 (2004), 1,238.3(2003), 1,366.4 (2002), 1,317.7 (2001), 1,353.5 (2000)
MalawiMalawian kwachas per US dollar - 108.894 (2004), 97.433(2003), 76.687 (2002), 72.197 (2001), 59.544 (2000)
Malaysiaringgits per US dollar - 3.8 (2004), 3.8 (2003), 3.8(2002), 3.8 (2001), 3.8 (2000)
Maldivesrufiyaa per US dollar - 12.8 (2004), 12.8 (2003), 12.8(2002), 12.24 (2001), 11.77 (2000)
MaliCommunaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98(2000)
MaltaMaltese liri per US dollar - 0.3444 (2004), 0.3773 (2003),0.4337 (2002), 0.4501 (2001), 0.4382 (2000)
Man, Isle ofManx pounds per US dollar - 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125(2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001), 0.6609 (2000)
Marshall Islandsthe US dollar is the legal tender
Martiniqueeuros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626(2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Mauritaniaouguiyas per US dollar - NA(2004), 263.03 (2003), 271.74(2002), 255.63 (2001), 238.92 (2000)
MauritiusMauritian rupees per US dollar - 27.499 (2004), 27.902(2003), 29.962 (2002), 29.129 (2001), 26.25 (2000)
Mayotteeuros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626(2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
MexicoMexican pesos per US dollar - 11.286 (2004), 10.789 (2003),9.656 (2002), 9.342 (2001), 9.456 (2000)
Micronesia, Federated States ofthe US dollar is used
Moldovalei per US dollar - 12.33 (2004), 13.945 (2003), 13.571(2002), 12.865 (2001), 12.434 (2000)
Monacoeuros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626(2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Mongoliatogrogs/tugriks per US dollar - 1,185.3 (2004), 1,146.5(2003), 1,110.3 (2002), 1,097.7 (2001), 1,076.7 (2000)
MontserratEast Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7 (2004), 2.7(2003), 2.7 (2002), 2.7 (2001), 2.7 (2000)note: fixed rate since 1976
MoroccoMoroccan dirhams per US dollar - 8.868 (2004), 9.574 (2003),11.021 (2002), 11.303 (2001), 10.626 (2000)
Mozambiquemeticais per US dollar - 22,581 (2004), 23,782 (2003),23,678 (2002), 20,704 (2001), 15,227 (2000)note: effective October 2000, the exchange rate is determined as theweighted average of buying and selling exchange rates of alltransactions of commercial banks and stock exchanges with the public
NamibiaNamibian dollars per US dollar - 6.4597 (2004), 7.5648(2003), 10.5407 (2002), 8.6092 (2001), 6.9398 (2000)
NauruAustralian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419(2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000)
NepalNepalese rupees per US dollar - 73.674 (2004), 76.141 (2003),77.877 (2002), 74.949 (2001), 71.094 (2000)
Netherlandseuros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003),1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Netherlands AntillesNetherlands Antillean guilders per US dollar -1.79 (2004), 1.79 (2003), 1.79 (2002), 1.79 (2001), 1.79 (2000)
New CaledoniaComptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per USdollar - 96.04 (2004), 105.66 (2003), 126.71 (2002), 133.26 (2001),129.43 (2000)