AustraliaAustralian Democrats [Lyn ALLISON]; Australian Labor Party[Kim BEAZLEY]; Australian Progressive Alliance [Meg LEES];Australian Greens [Bob BROWN]; Liberal Party [John Winston HOWARD];The Nationals [Mark VAILE]; One Nation Party [Len HARRIS]; FamilyFirst Party [Steve FIELDING]
AustriaAlliance for the Future of Austria or BZOe [Joerg HAIDER];Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Wolfgang SCHUESSEL]; Freedom Partyof Austria or FPOe [Heinz Christian STRACHE]; Social DemocraticParty of Austria or SPOe [Alfred GUSENBAUER]; The Greens [AlexanderVAN DER BELLEN]
AzerbaijanAzerbaijan Popular Front or APF [Ali KARIMLI, leader of"Reform" faction; Mirmahmud MIRALI-OGLU, leader of "Classic"faction]; Civic Solidarity Party or CSP [Sabir RUSTAMKHANLY]; CivicUnion Party [Ayaz MUTALIBOV]; Communist Party of Azerbaijan or CPA[Ramiz AHMADOV]; Compatriot Party [Mais SAFARLI]; Democratic Partyfor Azerbaijan or DPA [Rasul QULIYEV, chairman]; Justice Party[Ilyas ISMAILOV]; Liberal Party of Azerbaijan [Lala ShovkatHACIYEVA]; Musavat [Isa GAMBAR, chairman]; New Azerbaijan Party orNAP [vacant]; Party for National Independence of Azerbaijan or PNIA[Etibar MAMMADLI, chairman]; Social Democratic Party of Azerbaijanor SDP [Araz ALIZADE and Ayaz MUTALIBOV]note: opposition parties regularly factionalize and form new parties
Bahamas, TheFree National Movement or FNM [Tommy TURNQUEST];Progressive Liberal Party or PLP [Perry CHRISTIE]
Bahrainpolitical parties prohibited but politically orientedsocieties are allowed
BangladeshAwami League or AL [Sheikh HASINA]; Bangladesh CommunistParty or BCP [Saifuddin Ahmed MANIK]; Bangladesh Nationalist Partyor BNP [Khaleda ZIA, chairperson]; Islami Oikya Jote or IOJ [MuftiFazlul Haq AMINI]; Jamaat-e-Islami or JI [Motiur Rahman NIZAMI];Jatiya Party or JP (Ershad faction) [Hussain Mohammad ERSHAD];Jatiya Party (Manzur faction) [Naziur Rahman MANZUR]
BarbadosBarbados Labor Party or BLP [Owen ARTHUR]; Democratic LaborParty or DLP [Clyde Mascoll]
BelarusPro-government parties: Agrarian Party or AP [leader NA];Belarusian Communist Party or KPB [leader NA]; Belarusian PatrioticMovement (Belarusian Patriotic Party) or BPR [Anatoliy BARANKEVICH,chairman]; Liberal Democratic Party of Belarus [Sergei GAYDUKEVICH];Social-Sports Party [leader NA]; Opposition parties: BelarusianPopular Front or BNF [Vintsuk VYACHORKA]; Belarusian Social-DemocratParty Narodnaya Gromada or BSDP NG [Nikolay STATKEVICH, chairman];Belarusian Social-Democratic Party Hromada [Stanislav SHUSHKEVICH,chairman]; United Civic Party or UCP [Anatol LEBEDKO]; Party ofCommunists Belarusian or PKB [Sergei KALYAKIN, chairman]; Women'sParty "Nadezhda" [Valentina MATUSEVICH, chairperson]note: the opposition Belarusian Party of Labor [AleksandrBUKHVOSTOV] was liquidated in August 2004, but remains active
BelgiumFlemish parties: Christian Democrats and Flemish or CD & V[Jo VANDEURZEN]; Flemish Liberal Democrats or VLD [Bart SOMERS];GROEN! (formerly AGALEV, Flemish Greens) [Vera DUA]; New FlemishAlliance or NVA [Bart DE WEVER]; Socialist Party.Alternative or SP.A[Caroline GENNEZ]; Spirit [Geert LAMBERT] (new party now associatedwith SP.A); Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest) or VB [Frank VANHECKE]Francophone parties: Ecolo (Francophone Greens) [Jean-Michel JAVAUX,Evelyne HUYTEBROECK, Claude BROUIR]; Humanist and Democratic Centerof CDH [Joelle MILQUET]; National Front or FN [Daniel FERET];Reformist Movement or MR [Didier REYNDERS]; Socialist Party or PS[Elio DI RUPO]; other minor parties
BelizePeople's United Party or PUP [Said MUSA]; United DemocraticParty or UDP [Dean BARROW, party leader; Douglas SINGH, partychairman]
BeninAfrican Congress for Renewal or DUNYA [Saka SALEY]; AfricanMovement for Democracy and Progress or MADEP [Sefou FAGBOHOUN];Alliance of the Social Democratic Party or PSD [Bruno AMOUSSOU];Coalition of Democratic Forces [Gatien HOUNGBEDJI]; DemocraticRenewal Party or PRD [Adrien HOUNGBEDJI]; Front for Renewal andDevelopment or FARD-ALAFIA [Jerome Sakia KINA]; Impulse for Progressand Democracy or IPD [Bertin BORNA]; Key Force or FC [leader NA];Presidential Movement (UBF, MADEP, FC, IDP, and four small parties);Renaissance Party du Benin or PRB [Nicephore SOGLO]; The StarAlliance (Alliance E'toile) [Sacca LAFIA]; Union of Tomorrow's Beninor UBF [Bruno AMOUSSOU]note: approximately 20 additional minor parties
BermudaProgressive Labor Party or PLP [William Alexander SCOTT];United Bermuda Party or UBP [Grant GIBBONS]
Bhutanno legal parties
BoliviaBolivian Socialist Falange or FSB [Romel PANTOJA]; CivicSolidarity Union or UCS [Johnny FERNANDEZ]; Free Bolivia Movement orMBL [Franz BARRIOS]; Marshal of Ayacucho Institutional Vanguard orVIMA [Freddy ZABALA]; Movement of the Revolutionary Left or MIR[Jaime PAZ Zamora]; Movement Toward Socialism or MAS [Evo MORALES];Movement Without Fear or MSM [Juan DEL GRANADO]; NationalistDemocratic Action or ADN [Jorge Fernando QUIROGA Ramirez];Nationalist Revolutionary Movement or MNR [leader NA]; NewRepublican Force or NFR [Manfred REYES-VILLA]; Pachakuti IndigenousMovement or MIP [Felipe QUISPE]; Socialist Party or PS [JeresJUSTINIANO]
Bosnia and HerzegovinaAlliance of Independent Social Democrats orSNSD [Milorad DODIK]; Bosnian Party or BOSS [Mirnes AJANOVIC]; CivicDemocratic Party or GDS [Ibrahim SPAHIC]; Croatian Democratic Unionof Bosnia and Herzegovina or HDZ-BH [Barisa COLAK]; Croat ChristianDemocratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HKDU [MijoIVANIC-LONIC]; Croat Party of Rights or HSP [Zdravko HRISTIC]; CroatPeasants Party or HSS [Marko TADIC]; Democratic National Union orDNZ [Fikret ABDIC]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDS [Rasim KADIC];New Croat Initiative or NHI [Kresimir ZUBAK]; Party for Bosnia andHerzegovina or SBiH [Safet HALILOVIC]; Party of Democratic Action orSDA [Sulejman TIHIC]; Party of Democratic Progress or PDP [MladenIVANIC]; Serb Democratic Party or SDS [Dragan CAVIC - acting]; SerbRadical Party of the Republika Srpska or SRS-RS [Milanko MIHAJLICA];Serb Radical Party-Dr. Vojislav Seselj or SRS-VS [RadislavKANJERIC]; Social Democratic Party of BIH or SDP [ZlatkoLAGUMDZIJA]; Social Democratic Union or SDU [Miro LAZOVIC];Socialist Party of Republika Srpska or SPRS [Petar DJOKIC]
BotswanaBotswana Democratic Party or BDP [Festus G. MOGAE];Botswana National Front or BNF [Otswoletse MOUPO]; Botswana CongressParty or BCP [Otlaadisa KOOSALETSE]; Botswana Alliance Movement orBAM [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]note: a number of minor parties joined forces in 1999 to form theBAM but did not capture any parliamentary seats; the BAM partiesare: the United Action Party [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]; theIndependence Freedom Party or IFP [Motsamai MPHO]; and the BotswanaProgressive Union [D. K. KWELE]
BrazilBrazilian Democratic Movement Party or PMDB [Federal DeputyMichel TEMER]; Brazilian Labor Party or PTB [Federal Deputy RobertoJEFFERSON]; Brazilian Social Democracy Party or PSDB [SenatorEduardo AZAREDO]; Brazilian Socialist Party or PSB [Federal DeputyMiguel ARRAES]; Communist Party of Brazil or PCdoB [Renato RABELO];Democratic Labor Party or PDT [Carlos LUPI]; Democratic SocialistParty or PSD [Pedro Miguel SANTANA LOPES]; Green Party or PV [JoseLuiz de Franca PENNA]; Liberal Front Party or PFL [Senator JorgeBORNHAUSEN]; Liberal Party or PL [Federal Deputy Valdemar COSTANeto]; National Order Reconstruction Party or PRONA [Federal DeputyDr. Eneas CARNEIRO]; Popular Socialist Party or PPS [Federal DeputyRoberto FREIRE]; Progressive Party or PP [Federal Deputy PedroCORREA]; Social Christian Party or PSC [Vitor Jorge ABDALA NOSSEIS];Worker's Party or PT [Jose GENOINO]
British Virgin IslandsConcerned Citizens Movement or CCM [EthlynSMITH]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Orlando SMITH]; UnitedParty or UP [Gregory MADURO]; Virgin Islands Party or VIP [Ralph T.O'NEAL]
BruneiNational Development Party (NDP) [Yassin AFFENDI]; NationalUnity Party of Brunei (PPKB) [leader NA]; People's Awareness Party(PAKAR) [leader NA]note: parties are small and inactive (2005)
BulgariaAttack National Union [Volen Siderov]; ATAKA (AttackCoalition) (coalition of parties headed by the Attack NationalUnion); Bulgarian Agrarian National Union-People's Union or BANU[Anastasia MOZER]; Bulgarian People's Union or BPU (coalition ofUFD, IMRO, and BANU); Bulgarian Socialist Party or BSP [SergeiSTANISHEV]; Coalition for Bulgaria or CfB (coalition of partiesdominated by BSP) [Sergei STANISHEV]; Democrats for a StrongBulgaria or DSB [Ivan KOSTOV]; Internal Macedonian RevolutionaryOrganization or IMRO [Krasimir KARAKACHANOV]; Movement for Rightsand Freedoms or MRF [Ahmed DOGAN]; National Movement for Simeon IIor NMS2 [Simeon SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA]; New Time [Emil KOSHLUKOV]; Unionof Democratic Forces or UDF [Nadezhda MIKHAYLOVA]; Union of FreeDemocrats or UFD [Stefan SOFIYANSKI]; United Democratic Forces orUtDF (a coalition of center-right parties dominated by UDF)
Burkina FasoAfrican Democratic Rally-Alliance for Democracy andFederation or RDA-ADF [Herman YAMEOGO]; Confederation for Federationand Democracy or CFD [Amadou Diemdioda DICKO]; Congress forDemocracy and Progress or CDP [Roch Marc-Christian KABORE]; Movementfor Tolerance and Progress or MTP [Nayabtigungou Congo KABORE];Party for African Independence or PAI [Philippe OUEDRAOGO]; Partyfor Democracy and Progress or PDP [Joseph KI-ZERBO]; Socialist Partyor PS [leader NA]; Union of Greens for the Development of BurkinaFaso or UVDB [Ram OVEDRAGO]
BurmaNational League for Democracy or NLD [AUNG SHWE, chairman,AUNG SAN SUU KYI, general secretary]; National Unity Party or NUP(pro-government) [THA KYAW]; Shan Nationalities League for Democracyor SNLD [KHUN HTUN OO]; and other smaller parties
Burundithe three national, mainstream, governing parties are: Unityfor National Progress or UPRONA [Jean-Baptiste MANWANGARI, secretarygeneral]; Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Jean MINANI,president]; National Council for the Defense of Democracy, Front forthe Defense of Democracy of CNDD-FDD [Pierre NKURUNZIZA, president]note: a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are:National Resistance Movement for the Rehabilitation of the Citizenor MRC-Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI]; Party for NationalRedress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]
CambodiaCambodian Pracheachon Party (Cambodian People's Party) orCPP [CHEA SIM]; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral,Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [Prince NORODOMRanariddh]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP [SAM RANGSI]
CameroonCameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou NDAM NJOYA];Democratic Rally of the Cameroon People or RDCP [Paul BIYA];Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA];Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC[leader Marcel YONDO]; Movement for the Youth of Cameroon or MYC[Dieudonne TINA]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP[Maigari BELLO BOUBA]; Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRUNDI]; Union of Cameroonian Populations or UPC [Augustin FredericKODOCK]
CanadaBloc Quebecois [Gilles DUCEPPE]; Conservative Party of Canada(a merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive ConservativeParty) [Stephen HARPER]; Green Party [Jim HARRIS]; Liberal Party[Paul MARTIN]; New Democratic Party [Jack LAYTON]
Cape VerdeAfrican Party for Independence of Cape Verde or PAICV[Jose Maria Pereira NEVES, chairman]; Democratic Alliance for Changeor ADM [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO] (a coalition of PCD, PTS, and UCID);Democratic Christian Party or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES, chairman];Democratic Renovation Party or PRD [Jacinto SANTOS, president];Movement for Democracy or MPD [Agostinho LOPES, president]; Partyfor Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO, president];Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Isaias RODRIGUES, president];Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM, president]
Cayman Islandsno national teams (loose groupings of politicalorganizations) were formed for the 2000 elections; United DemocraticParty or UDP [leader McKeeva BUSH]; People's Progressive Movement orPPM [leader Kurt TIBBETTS]
Central African RepublicAlliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP[Jacques MBOLIEDAS]; Central African Democratic Assembly or RDC[Andre KOLINGBA]; Civic Forum or FC [Gen. Timothee MALENDOMA];Democratic Forum for Modernity or FODEM [Charles MASSI]; LiberalDemocratic Party or PLD [Nestor KOMBO-NAGUEMON]; Movement forDemocracy and Development or MDD [David DACKO]; Movement for theLiberation of the Central African People or MLPC [the party ofdeposed president, Ange-Felix PATASSE]; Patriotic Front for Progressor FPP [Abel GOUMBA]; People's Union for the Republic or UPR [PierreSammy MAKFOY]; National Unity Party or PUN [Jean-Paul NGOUPANDE];Social Democratic Party or PSD [Enoch LAKOUE]
ChadFederation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarlejy YORONGAR];National Rally for Development and Progress or RNDP [Mamadou BISSO];National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO];Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat Saleh AHMAT, chairman];Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Lol Mahamat CHOUA]; Unionfor Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. Wadal Abdelkader KAMOUGUE];Viva Rally for Development and Progress or Viva RNDP [Delwa KassireCOUMAKOYE]
ChileAlliance for Chile ("Alianza") or APC (including NationalRenewal or RN [Sebastian PINERA] and Independent Democratic Union orUDI [Pablo LONGUEIRA]); Coalition of Parties for Democracy("Concertacion") or CPD (including Christian Democratic Party or PDC[Adolfo ZALDIVAR], Socialist Party or PS [Gonzalo MARTNER], Partyfor Democracy or PPD [Victor BARRUETO], Radical Social DemocraticParty or PRSD [Orlando CANTUARIAS]); Communist Party or PC [GladysMARIN]
ChinaChinese Communist Party or CCP [HU Jintao, General Secretaryof the Central Committee]; eight registered small parties controlledby CCP
Christmas Islandnone
Cocos (Keeling) Islandsnone
ColombiaColombian Communist Party or PCC [Jaime CAICEDO];Conservative Party or PSC [Carlos HOLGUIN Sardi]; Democratic Pole orPDI [Samuel MORENO Rojas]; Liberal Party or PL [Juan Fernando CRISTO]note: Colombia has about 60 formally recognized political parties,most of which do not have a presence in either house of Congress
ComorosForces pour l'Action Republicaine or FAR [Col. AbdourazakABDULHAMID]; Forum pour la Redressement National or FRN (alliance of12 parties); Front Democratique or FD [Moustoifa Said CHEIKH]; FrontNational pour la Justice or FNJ (Islamic party in opposition) [AhmedRACHID]; Movement des Citoyens pour la Republique or MCR [MahamoudMRADABI]; Mouvement Populaire Anjouanais or MPA (Anjouan separatistmovement) [leader NA]; Mouvement pour la Democratie et le Progressor MDP-NGDC [Abbas DJOUSSOUF]; Movement pour le Socialisme et laDemocratie or MSD (splinter group of FD) [Abdou SOEFOU]; PartiComorien pour la Democratie et le Progress or PCDP [Ali MROUDJAE];Rassemblement National pour le Development or RND (party of thegovernment) [Omar TAMOU, Abdoulhamid AFFRAITANE]
Congo, Democratic Republic of theDemocratic Social Christian Partyor PDSC [Andre BO-BOLIKO]; Forces for Renovation for Union andSolidarity or FONUS [Joseph OLENGHANKOY]; National CongoleseLumumbist Movement or MNC [Francois LUMUMBA]; Popular Movement ofthe Revolution or MPR (three factions: MPR-Fait Prive [CatherineNZUZI wa Mbombo]; MPR/Vunduawe [Felix VUNDUAWE]; MPR/Mananga[MANANGA Dintoka Mpholo]); Unified Lumumbast Party or PALU [AntoineGIZENGA]; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [EtienneTSHISEKEDI wa Mulumba]; Union of Federalists and IndependentRepublicans or UFERI (two factions: UFERI [Lokambo OMOKOKO];UFERI/OR [Adolph Kishwe MAYA])
Congo, Republic of thethe most important of the many parties arethe Democratic and Patriotic Forces or FDP (an alliance ofConvention for Alternative Democracy, Congolese Labor Party or PCT,Liberal Republican Party, National Union for Democracy and Progress,Patriotic Union for the National Reconstruction, and Union for theNational Renewal) [Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO, president]; CongoleseMovement for Democracy and Integral Development or MCDDI [MichelMAMPOUYA]; Pan-African Union for Social Development or UPADS [MartinMBERI]; Rally for Democracy and Social Progress or RDPS [Jean-PierreThystere TCHICAYA, president]; Rally for Democracy and the Republicor RDR [Raymond Damasge NGOLLO]; Union for Democracy and Republic orUDR [leader NA]; Union of Democratic Forces or UFD [Sebastian EBAO]
Cook IslandsCook Islands People's Party or CIP [Geoffrey HENRY];Democratic Alliance Party or DAP [Terepai MAOATE]; New AllianceParty or NAP [Norman GEORGE]; Cook Islands National Party or CIN[Teariki HEATHER]; Demo Party Tumu [Robert WOONTON]
Costa RicaAuthentic Member from Heredia [Jose SALAS]; CitizenAction Party or PAC [Otton SOLIS]; Costa Rican Renovation Party orPRC [Justo OROZCO]; Democratic Force Party or PFD [Juan CarlosCHAVES Mora]; Democratic National Alliance [Emilia RODRIGUEZ];General Union Party or PUGEN [Carlos Alberto FERNANDEZ Vega];Homeland First [Juan Jose VARGAS]; Independent Worker Party or PIO[Jose Alberto CUBERO Carmona]; Libertarian Movement Party or PML[Otto GUEVARA Guth]; National Christian Alliance Party or ANC[Victor GONZALEZ]; National Integration Party or PIN [Walter MUNOZCespedes]; National Liberation Party or PLN [Francisco AntonioPACHECO]; National Patriotic Party or PPN [Daniel Enrique REYNOLDSVargas]; National Rescue Party or PRN [Carlos VARGAS Solano];Patriotic Union [Humberto ARCE]; Popular Vanguard [Trino BARRANTESAraya]; Social Christian Unity Party or PUSC [Lorena VASQUEZ Badilla]
Cote d'IvoireCitizen's Democratic Union or UDCY [Eg Theodore MEL];Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire-African Democratic Rally orPDCI-RDA [Henri Konan BEDIE]; Ivorian Popular Front or FPI [LaurentGBAGBO]; Ivorian Worker's Party or PIT [Francis WODIE]; Rally of theRepublicans or RDR [Alassane OUATTARA]; Union for Democracy andPeace or UDPCI [Paul Akoto YAO]; over 20 smaller parties
CroatiaCroatian Bloc or HB [Ivic PASALIC]; Croatian ChristianDemocratic Union or HKDU [Anto KOVACEVIC]; Croatian Democratic Unionor HDZ [Ivo SANADER]; Croatian Party of Rights or HSP [Anto DJAPIC];Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Zlatko TOMCIC]; Croatian PensionerParty or HSU [Vladimir JORDAN]; Croatian People's Party or HNS[Vesna PUSIC] (in 2005 party merged with Libra to become CroatianPeople's Party-Liberal Democrats or NS-LD [Vesna PUSIC]); CroatianSocial Liberal Party or HSLS [Ivan CEHOK]; Croatian True RevivalParty or HIP [Miroslav TUDJMAN]; Democratic Centre or DC [VesnaSKARE-OZBOLT]; Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [VojislavSTANIMIROVIC]; Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Ivan JAKOVCIC];Liberal Party or LS [Zlatko BENASIC]; Party of Liberal Democrats orLibra [Jozo RADOS] (in 2005 merged with HNS); Social DemocraticParty of Croatia or SDP [Ivica RACAN]
Cubaonly party - Cuban Communist Party or PCC [Fidel CASTRO Ruz,first secretary]
CyprusRepublic of Cyprus: Democratic Party or DIKO [TassosPAPADOPOULOS]; Democratic Rally or DISY [Nikos ANASTASIADHIS];Fighting Democratic Movement or ADIK [Dinos MIKHAILIDIS]; GreenParty of Cyprus [George PERDIKIS]; New Horizons [Nikolaus KOUTSOU];Restorative Party of the Working People or AKEL (Communist Party)[Dimitrios CHRISTOFIAS]; Social Democrats Movement or KISOS(formerly United Democratic Union of Cyprus or EDEK) [YiannakisOMIROU]; United Democrats Movement or EDE [George VASSILIOU]; northCyprus: Democratic Party or DP [Serder DENKTASH]; National BirthParty or UDP [Enver EMIN]; National Unity Party or UBP [DervisEROGLU]; Our Party or BP [Okyay SADIKOGLU]; Patriotic Unity Movementor YBH [Alpay DURDURAN]; Peace and Democratic Movement [MustafaAKINCI]; Republican Turkish Party or CTP [Mehmet ALI TALAT]
Czech RepublicCaucus SNK [Josef ZOSER]; Christian and DemocraticUnion-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL [Miroslav KALOUSEK,chairman]; Civic Democratic Alliance or ODA [Jirina NOVAKOVA,chairman]; Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Mirek TOPOLANEK,chairman]; Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSCM [MiroslavGREBENICEK, chairman]; Communist Party of Czechoslovakia or KSC[Miroslav STEPAN, chairman]; Czech National Social Party of CSNS[Jaroslav ROVNY, chairman]; Czech Social Democratic Party or CSSD[Stanislav GROSS, acting chairman]; European Democrats [Jan KASL];Freedom Union-Democratic Union or US-DEU [Hana Marvanova,chairwoman]; Open Democracy [Sona PAUKRTOVA, chairwoman]
DenmarkCenter Democratic Party [Mimi JAKOBSEN]; Christian Democrats(was Christian People's Party) [Marianne KARLSMOSE]; ConservativeParty (sometimes known as Conservative People's Party) [BendtBENDTSEN]; Danish People's Party [Pia KJAERSGAARD]; Liberal Party[Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN]; Social Democratic Party [HelleTHORNING-SCHMIDT]; Social Liberal Party (sometimes called theRadical Left) [Marianne JELVED, leader; Soren BALD, chairman];Socialist People's Party [Villy SOEVNDAL]; Red-Green Unity List(bloc includes Left Socialist Party, Communist Party of Denmark,Socialist Workers' Party) [collective leadership]
DjiboutiDemocratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh];Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; DjiboutiDevelopment Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]; Front pour laRestauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD];People's Progress Assembly or RPP (governing party) [Ismail OmarGUELLEH]; Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Moumin BahdonFARAH]; Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD [Ahmed Dini AHMED];Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ [leader NA]
DominicaDominica Freedom Party or DFP [Charles SAVARIN]; DominicaLabor Party or DLP [Roosevelt SKERRIT]; United Workers Party or UWP[Edison JAMES]
Dominican RepublicDominican Liberation Party or PLD [LeonelFERNANDEZ Reyna]; Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [VicenteSanchez BARET]; Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC [EnriqueATUN]
East TimorAssociacao Social-Democrata Timorense or ASDT [FranciscoXavier do AMARAL]; Christian Democratic Party of Timor or PDC[Antonio XIMENES]; Christian Democratic Union of Timor or UDC[Vicente da Silva GUTERRES]; Democratic Party or PD [Fernando deARAUJO]; Liberal Party or PL [leader NA]; Maubere Democratic Partyor PDM [leader NA]; People's Party of Timor or PPT [Jacob XAVIER];Revolutionary Front of Independent East Timor or FRETILIN [Lu OLO];Social Democrat Party of East Timor or PSD [Mario CARRASCALAO];Socialist Party of Timor or PST [leader Avelino COELHO]; Sons of theMountain Warriors (also known as Association of Timorese Heroes) orKOTA [Clementino dos Reis AMARAL]; Timor Democratic Union or UDT[Joao CARRASCALAO]; Timor Labor Party or PTT [Paulo Freitas DASILVA]; Timorese Nationalist Party or PNT [Abilio ARAUJO]; TimoresePopular Democratic Association or APODETI [Frederico Almeida-SantosDA COSTA]
EcuadorConcentration of Popular Forces or CFP [Averroes BUCARAM];Democratic Left or ID [Guillermo LANDAZURI]; National ActionInstitutional Renewal Party or PRIAN [Alvaro NOBOA]; PachakutikMovement [Gilberto TALAHUA]; Patriotic Society Party or PSP [LucioGUTIERREZ Borbua]; Popular Democracy or DP [Dr. Juan ManuelFUERTES]; Popular Democratic Movement or MPD [Gustavo TERAN Acosta];Radical Alfarista Front or FRA [Fabian ALARCON, director]; RoldosistParty or PRE [Abdala BUCARAM Ortiz, director]; Social ChristianParty or PSC [Leon FEBRES CORDERO]; Socialist Party - Broad Front orPS-FA [Victor GRANDA]
EgyptAl-Ahrar Party [Helmi SALEM]; Nasserist Arab Democratic Partyor Nasserists [Dia' al-din DAWUD]; National Democratic Party or NDP[Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (governing party)]; National ProgressiveUnionist Grouping or Tagammu [Rifaat EL-SAID]; New Wafd Party or NWP[No'man GOMAA]note: formation of political parties must be approved by thegovernment
El SalvadorChristian Democratic Party or PDC [Rodolfo PARKER];Democratic Convergence or CD (formerly United Democratic Center orCDU) [Ruben ZAMORA, secretary general]; Democratic Party or PD[Jorge MELENDEZ]; Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN[Medardo GONZALEZ]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Kirio WaldoSALGADO, president]; National Action Party or PAN [Gustavo RogelioSALINAS, secretary general]; National Conciliation Party or PCN[Ciro CRUZ ZEPEDA, president]; National Republican Alliance or ARENA[Elias Antonio SACA Gonzalez]; Social Christian Union or USC (formedby the merger of Christian Social Renewal Party or PRSC and UnityMovement or MU) [Abraham RODRIGUEZ, president]; Social DemocraticParty or PSD [Juan MEDRANO]
Equatorial GuineaConvergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS[Placido MIKO Abogo]; Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE(ruling party) [Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO]; Party for Progressof Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [Severo MOTO]; Popular Action ofEquatorial Guinea or APGE [Miguel Esono EMAN]; Popular Union or UP[Andres Moises Bda ADA]; Progressive Democratic Alliance or ADP[Victorino Bolekia BONAY]; Union of Independent Democrats of UDI[Daniel OYONO]
EritreaPeople's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ, the onlyparty recognized by the government [ISAIAS Afworki]; note - aNational Assembly committee drafted a law on political parties inJanuary 2001, but the full National Assembly has not yet debated orvoted on it
EstoniaCenter Party of Estonia (Keskerakond) [Edgar SAVISAAR,chairman]; Estonian People's Union (Rahvaliit) [Villu REILJAN,chairman]; Estonian Reform Party (Reformierakond) [Andrus ANSIP];Estonian United Russian People's Party or EUVRP [Yevgeniy TOMBERG,chairman]; Pro Patria Union (Isamaaliit) [Tunne KELAM, chairman];Res Publica [Juhan PARTS, chairman]; Social Democratic Party(formerly People's Party Moodukad or Moderates) [Ivari PADAR,chairman]; Social Liberals (group of 8 parliamentarians, formerCenter Party members) [Peeter Kreitzberg]
EthiopiaAfar National Democratic Party or ANDP [leader NA];Benishangul Gumuz People's Democratic Unity Front or BGPDUF[Mulualem BESSE]; Coalition for Unity and Democracy or CUD [HAILUShawil]; Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front or EPRDF[MELES Zenawi] (an alliance of ANDM, OPDO, SEPDF, and TPLF); GurageNationalities' Democratic Movement or GNDM [leader NA]; UnitedEthopian Democratic Forces or UEDF [MERARA Gudina]; dozens of smallparties
European UnionGroup of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats forEurope or ALDE [Graham R. WATSON]; Independence/Democracy Group orIND/DEM [Jens-Peter BONDE and Nigel FARAGE]; Group ofGreens/European Free Alliance or Greens/EFA [Monica FRASSONI andDaniel Marc COHN-BENDIT]; Socialist Group in the European Parliamentor PES [Martin SCHULZ]; Confederal Group of the European UnitedLeft-Nordic Green Left or EUL/NGL [Francis WURTZ]; European People'sParty-European Democrats or EPP-ED [Hans-Gert POETTERING]; Union forEurope of the Nations Group or UEN [Brian CROWLEY and CristianaMUSCARDINI]
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)none; all independents
Faroe IslandsCenter Party [Jenis A. RANA]; Independence Party [KariP. HOJGAARD]; People's Party [Anfinn KALLSBERG]; Republican Party[Hogni HOYDAL]; Social Democratic Party [Joannes EIDESGAARD]; UnionParty [Kaj Oeo JOHANNESEN]
FijiBai Kei Viti Party or BKV [Ratu Tevita MOMOEDONU]; ConservativeAlliance Party/Matanitu Vanua or MV [Ratu Rakuita VAKALALABURE];Dodonu Ni Taukei Party or DNT [Fereti S. DEWA]; Fiji DemocraticParty or FDP [Felipe BOLE] (a merger of the Christian DemocratAlliance or VLV [Poesci Waqalevu BUNE], Fijian Association Party orFAP [Adi Kuini SPEED], Fijian Political Party or SVT (primarilyFijian) [Felipe BOLE], and New Labor Unity Party or NLUP [TupeniBABA]); Fiji Labor Party or FLP [Mahendra CHAUDRHRY]; General VotersParty or GVP [leader NA] (became part of United General Party);Girmit Heritage Party or GHP [leader NA]; Justice and Freedom Partyor AIM [leader NA]; Lio 'On Famor Rotuma Party or LFR [leader NA];National Federation Party or NFP (primarily Indian) [Pramond RAE];Nationalist Vanua Takolavo Party or NVTLP [Saula TELAWA]; Party ofNational Unity or PANU [Meli BOGILEKA]; Party of the Truth or POTT[leader NA]; United Fiji Party/Sogosogo Duavata ni Lewenivanua orSDL [Laisenia QARASE]; United General Party or UGP [Millis MickBEDDOES]
FinlandCenter Party or Kesk [Matti VANHANEN]; Christian Democratsor KD [Paivi RASANEN]; Green League or VIHR [Tarja CRONBERG]; LeftAlliance or VAS composed of People's Democratic League andDemocratic Alternative [Suvi-Anne SIIMES]; National Coalition(conservative) Party or Kok [Jyrki KATAINEN]; Social DemocraticParty or SDP [Eero HEINALUOMA]; Swedish People's Party or SFP[Jan-Erik ENESTAM]
FranceCitizen and Republican Movement or MCR [Jean PierreCHEVENEMENT]; Democratic and European Social Rally or RDSE (mainlyRadical Republican and Socialist Parties, and PRG) [JacquesPELLETIER]; French Communist Party or PCF [Marie-George BUFFET];Left Radical Party or PRG (previously Radical Socialist Party or PRSand the Left Radical Movement or MRG) [Jean-Michel BAYLET]; Movementfor France or MPF [Philippe DE VILLIERS]; National Front or NF[Jean-Marie LE PEN]; Rally for France or RPF [Charles PASQUA];Socialist Party or PS [Francois HOLLANDE]; Greens [Yann WEHRLING,national secretary]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [FrancoisBAYROU]; Union for a Popular Movement or UMP (including RPR, DL, anda part of UDF) [Nicolas SARKOZY]
French GuianaGuyanese Democratic Action or ADG [Andre LECANTE];Guyanese Socialist Party or PSG [Marie-Claude VERDAN]; GuyanaDemocratic Forces or FDG [Georges OTHILY]; Popular National GuyaneseParty or PNPG [Jose DORCY]; Socialist Party or PS [Paul DEBRIETTE];Union for a Popular Movement or UMP (includes RPR) [Muriel ICARE];Walwari Committee (aligned with the PRG in France) [ChristineTAUBIRA-DELANON]
French PolynesiaIndependent Front for the Liberation of Polynesia(Tavini Huiraatira) [Oscar TEMARU]; New Fatherland Party (Ai'a Api)[Emile VERNAUDON]; People's Rally for the Republic of Polynesia orRPR (Tahoeraa Huiraatira) [Gaston FLOSSE]; The New Star (Te FetiaApi) [Philippe SHYLE]; This Country is Yours (No Oe E Te Nunaa)[Nicle BOUTEAU]; Union for Democracy or UPD [Oscar TEMARU]
GabonCircle of Liberal Reformers or CLR [General Jean BonifaceASSELE]; Congress for Democracy and Justice or CDJ [Jules AristideBourdes OGOULIGUENDE]; Democratic and Republican Alliance or ADERE[Divungui-di-Ndinge DIDJOB]; Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG,former sole party [Simplice Nguedet MANZELA]; Gabonese Party forProgress or PGP [Pierre-Louis AGONDJO-OKAWE]; National Rally ofWoodcutters-Rally for Gabon or RNB-RPG (Bucherons) [Fr. PaulM'BA-ABESSOLE]; People's Unity Party or PUP [Louis Gaston MAYILA];Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Pierre EMBONI]; SocialDemocratic Party or PSD [Pierre Claver MAGANGA-MOUSSAVOU]; Union forDemocracy and Social Integration or UDIS [leader NA]; Union ofGabonese People or UPG [Pierre MAMBOUNDOU]
Gambia, TheAlliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction orAPRC - the ruling party [Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH]; Gambian People'sParty-Progressive People's Party-United Democratic Party orGPP-PPP-UDP Coalition [Ousainou DARBOE]; National Convention Partyor NCP [Sheriff DIBBA]; National Reconciliation Party or NRP [HamatN. K. BAH]; People's Democratic Organization for Independence andSocialism or PDOIS [Sidia JATTA]note: in August 2001, an independent electoral commission allowedthe reregistration of the GPP, NCP, and PPP, three parties bannedsince 1996
GeorgiaBurjanadze-Democrats [Nino BURJANADZE]; Georgian People'sFront [Nodar NATADZE]; Georgian United Communist Party or UCPG[Panteleimon GIORGADZE]; Greens [Giorgi GACHECHILADZE]; IndustryWill Save Georgia (Industrialists) or IWSG [Georgi TOPADZE]; LaborParty [Shalva NATELASHVILI]; National Democratic Party or NDP[Bachuki KARDAVA]; National Movement Democratic Front [MikheilSAAKASHVILI] bloc composed of National Movement andBurjanadze-Democrats; National Movement [Mikheil SAAKASHVILI]; NewRight [David GAMKRELIDZE]; Republican Party [David BERDZENISHVILI];Rightist Opposition [David GAMKRELIDZE] bloc composed ofIndustrialists and New Right Party; Socialist Party or SPG [IrakliMINDELI]; Traditionalists [Akaki ASATIANI]; Union of NationalForces-Conservatives [Koba DAVITASHVILI and Zviad DZIDZIGURI]
GermanyAlliance '90/Greens [Angelika BEER and Reinhard BUETIKOFER];Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Angela MERKEL]; Christian SocialUnion or CSU [Edmund STOIBER, chairman]; Free Democratic Party orFDP [Guido WESTERWELLE, chairman]; Left Party or PDS/WASG [OskarLAFONTAINE and Gregor GYSI]; Party of Democratic Socialism or PDS[Lothar BISKY]; Social Democratic Party or SPD [Franz MUENTEFERING]
GhanaConvention People's Party or CPP [Nii Noi DOWUONA, generalsecretary]; Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Owuraku AMOFA,chairman]; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Dan LARTY];National Convention Party or NCP [Sarpong KUMA-KUMA]; NationalDemocratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Huudu YAHAYA, general secretary];New Patriotic Party or NPP [Samuel Arthur ODOI-SYKES]; People'sConvention Party or PCP [P. K. DONKOH-AYIFI, acting chairman];People's Heritage Party or PHP [Emmanuel Alexander ERSKINE];People's National Convention or PNC [Edward MAHAMA]; Reform Party[Kyeretwie OPUKU, general secretary]
GibraltarGibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar SocialDemocrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party orGSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]
GreeceCoalition of the Left and Progress (Synaspismos) [AlekosALAVANOS]; Communist Party of Greece or KKE [Aleka PAPARIGA]; NewDemocracy or ND (conservative) [Konstandinos KARAMANLIS];Panhellenic Socialist Movement or PASOK [Yiorgos PAPANDREOU];Popular Orthodox Rally [Yeoryios KARATZAFERIS]
GreenlandAtassut Party (Solidarity, a conservative party favoringcontinuing close relations with Denmark) [Augusta SALLING];Demokratiit [Per BERTHELSEN]; Inuit Ataqatigiit or IA (EskimoBrotherhood, a leftist party favoring complete independence fromDenmark rather than home rule) [Josef MOTZFELDT]; Issituup (PolarParty) [Nicolai HEINRICH]; Kattusseqatigiit (Candidate List, anindependent right-of-center party with no official platform [leaderNA]; Siumut (Forward Party, a social democratic party advocatingmore distinct Greenlandic identity and greater autonomy fromDenmark) [Hans ENOKSEN]
GrenadaGrenada United Labor Party or GULP [Gloria Payne BANFIELD];National Democratic Congress or NDC [Tillman THOMAS]; New NationalParty or NNP [Keith MITCHELL]; People Labor Movement or PLM [Dr.Francis ALEXIS]
GuadeloupeCommunist Party of Guadeloupe or PCG [Mona CADOCE]; FGPS[Dominique LARIFLA]; Left Radical Party or PRG [Flavien FERRANT];Progressive Democratic Party or PPDG [Henri BANGOU]; Socialist Partyor PS [Marlene MELISSE and Favrot DAVRAIN]; Union for FrenchDemocracy or UDF [Marcel ESDRAS]; Union for a Popular Movement orUMP (including RPR) [Robert JOYEUX]
GuamDemocratic Party [leader Michael PHILLIPS]; Republican Party(controls the legislature) [leader Philip J. FLORES]
GuatemalaAuthentic Integral Development or DIA [Eduardo SUGER];Democratic Union or UD [Rodolfo PAIZ Andrade]; Grand NationalAlliance or GANA [Oscar BERGER Perdomo]; Green Party or LOV [RodolfoROSALES Garcis-Salaz]; Guatemalan Christian Democracy or DCG[Vinicio CEREZO Arevalo]; Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity orURNG [Alba ESTELA Maldonado, secretary general]; GuatemalanRepublican Front or FRG [Efrain RIOS Montt]; Movement for GuatemalanUnity or MGU [Jacobo ARBENZ Villanueva]; Movement for Principals andValues or MPV [Francisco BIANCHI]; National Advancement Party or PAN[Leonel LOPEZ Rodas, secretary general]; National Unity for Hope orUNE [Alvarado COLOM Caballeros]; New Nation Alliance or ANN (formedby an alliance of DIA, URNG, and several splinter groups most ofwhom subsequently defected) [led by three co-equal partners - NinethVarenca MONTENEGRO Cottom, Rodolfo BAUER Paiz, and Jorge AntonioBALSELLS TUT]; Patriot Party or PP [retired General Otto PEREZMolina]; Progressive Liberator Party or PLP [Acisclo VALLADARESMolina]; Reform Movement or MR [Alfredo SKINNER-KLEE, secretarygeneral]; Unionista Party [leader NA]
Guernseynone; all independents
GuineaDemocratic Party of Guinea-African Democratic Rally orPDG-RDA [El Hadj Ismael Mohamed Gassim GUSHEIN]; National Union forProgress or UPN [Mamadou Bhoye BARRY]; Party for Unity and Progressor PUP [Lansana CONTE] - the governing party; People's Party ofGuinea or PPG [Pascal TOLNO]; Rally for the Guinean People or RPG[Alpha CONDE]; Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea or UFDG [MamadouBA]; Union of Republican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE]; Union forProgress and Renewal or UPR [Siradiou DIALLO]; Union for Progress ofGuinea or UPG [Jean-Marie DORE, secretary-general]
Guinea-BissauAfrican Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissauand Cape Verde or PAIGC [Carlos GOMES Junior]; Front for theLiberation and Independence of Guinea or FLING [Francois MENDY];Guinea-Bissau Resistance-Ba Fata Movement or RGB-MB [Helder VazLOPES]; Guinean Civic Forum or FCG [Antonieta Rosa GOMES];International League for Ecological Protection or LIPE [AlhajeBubacar DJALO, president]; National Union for Democracy and Progressor UNDP [Abubacer BALDE, secretary general]; Party for DemocraticConvergence or PCD [Victor MANDINGA]; Social Renovation Party or PRS[Kumba YALA]; Union for Change or UM [Jorge MANDINGA, president, Dr.Anne SAAD, secretary general]; United Platform or UP [coalitionformed by PCD, FDS, FLING, and RGB-MB]; United Social DemocraticParty or PUSD [Francisco Jose FADUL]
GuyanaAlliance for Guyana or AFG (includes Guyana Labor Party orGLP and Working People's Alliance or WPA) [Rupert ROOPNARAINE];Guyana Action Party or GAP [Paul HARDY]; Guyana Labor Party or GLP[leader NA]; People's National Congress or PNC [Robert HermanOrlando CORBIN]; People's Progressive Party/Civic or PPP/C [BharratJAGDEO]; Rise, Organize, and Rebuild or ROAR [Ravi DEV]; The UnitedForce or TUF [Manzoor NADIR]; Working People's Alliance or WPA[Rupert ROOPNARAINE]
HaitiAlliance for the Liberation and Advancement of Haiti or ALAH[Reynold GEORGES]; Assembly of Progressive National Democrats orRDNP [Leslie MANIGAT]; Ayiti Kapab [Ernst VERDIEU]; Convention forDemocratic Unity or KID [Evans PAUL]; National Congress ofDemocratic Movements or KONAKOM [Victor BENOIT]; NationalistProgressive Revolutionary Party or PANPRA [Serge GILLES]; DemocraticMovement for the Liberation of Haiti or MODELH [Francois LATORTUE];Grand Center Right Front coalition (composed of MDN, MRN, and PDCH)[Hubert de RONCERAY, Jean BUTEAU, Osner FEVRY and Marie-DeniseCLAUDE]; Haitian Christian Democratic Party or PDCH [Osner FEVRY andMarie-Denise CLAUDE]; Haitian Democratic Party or PADEMH [ClarkPARENT]; Haitian Democratic and Reform Movement or MODEREH [DanyTOUSSAINT and Pierre Soncon PRINCE]; Heads Together [Dr. GerardBLOT]; Lavalas Family or FL [leader NA]; Liberal Party of Haiti orPLH [Michael MADSEN]; Mobilization for National Development or MDN[Hubert DE RONCERAY]; Movement for National Reconstruction or MRN[Jean Henold BUTEAU]; Movement for the Installation of Democracy inHaiti or MIDH [Marc BAZIN]; National Front for the Reconstruction ofHaiti or FRON [Guy PHILIPPE]; National Progressive Democratic Partyor PNDPH [Turneb DELPE]; New Christian Movement for a New Haiti orMOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]; Open the Gate Party (Parti Louvri Bayre) orPLB [leader NA]; Popular Party for the Renewal of Haiti, orGeneration 2000 [Claude ROMAIN and Daniel SUPPLICE]; StrugglingPeople's Organization or OPL [Edgard LEBLANC]; MNP28 [DejeanBELIZAIRE]; KOMBA [Evans LESCOUFLAIR]
Holy See (Vatican City)none
HondurasChristian Democratic Party or PDC [Juan Ramon VELAZQUEZNassar]; Democratic Unification Party or PUD [Matias FUNES]; LiberalParty or PL [Roberto MICHELETTI Bain]; National Innovation and UnityParty-Social Democratic Party or PINU-SD [Olban F. VALLADARES];National Party of Honduras or PN [Jose Celin DISCUA Elvir]; UnitedConfederation of Honduran Workers or CUTH
Hong KongAssociation for Democracy and People's Livelihood or ADPL[Frederick FUNG Kin-kee, chairman]; Citizens Party [Alex CHANKai-chung]; Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong orDAB [MA Lik, chairman]; Democratic Party [LEE Wing-tat, chairman];Frontier Party [Emily LAU Wai-hing, chairwoman]; Liberal Party[James TIEN Pei-chun, chairman]note: political blocs include: pro-democracy - Association forDemocracy and People's Livelihood, Democratic Party, Frontier Party;pro-Beijing - Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong,Hong Kong Progressive Alliance, Liberal Party
HungaryAlliance of Free Democrats or SzDSz [Gabor KUNCZE];Hungarian Civic Alliance or Fidesz [Viktor ORBAN, chairman];Hungarian Democratic Forum or MDF [Ibolya DAVID]; HungarianDemocratic People's Party or MDNP [Erzsebet PUSZTAI, chairman];Hungarian Socialist Party or MSzP [Istvan HILLER, chairman];Hungarian Workers' Party or MMP [Gyula THURMER, chairman]
IcelandIndependence Party or IP [David ODDSSON]; Left-GreenAlliance or LGP [Steingrimur SIGFUSSON]; Liberal Party or LP [GudjonKRISTJANSSON]; Progressive Party or PP [Halldor ASGRIMSSON]; SocialDemocratic Alliance (includes People's Alliance or PA, SocialDemocratic Party or SDP, Women's List) or SDA [Ingibjorg SolrunGISLADOTTIR]
IndiaAll India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or AIADMK [C.Jayalalitha JAYARAM]; All India Forward Bloc or AIFB, [DebabrataBISWAS]; Asom Gana Parishad [Brindaban GOSWAMI]; Bahujan Samaj Partyor BSP [MAYAWATI]; Bharatiya Janata Party or BJP [Lal KrishnaADVANI]; Biju Janata Dal or BJD [Naveen PATNAIK]; Communist Party ofIndia or CPI [Ardhendu Bhushan BARDHAN]; Communist Party of India(Marxist) or CPI (M) Hakishan Singh SURJEET]; Congress (I) Party[Sonia GANDHI]; Dravida Munnetra Kazagham or DMK (a regional partyin Tamil Nadu) [M. KARUNANIDHI]; Indian National Congress or INC[Sonia GANDHI]; Indian National League [Suliaman SAITH]; Janata Dal(Secular) [H. D. Deve GOWDA]; Janata Dal (United) or JDU [SharadYADAV]; Jharkhand Mukti Morcha or JMM [leader NA]; Kerala Congress(Mani faction) [K. M. MANI]; Lok Jan Shakti Party or LJSP [leaderNA]; Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or MDMK [VAIKO]; MuslimLeague [G. M. BANATWALA]; Nationalist Congress Party or NCP [SharadPAWAR]; Pattali Makkal Katchi or PMK [leader NA]; Rashtriya JanataDal or RJD [Laloo Prasad YADAV]; Revolutionary Socialist Party orRSP [Abani ROY]; Samajwadi Party or SP [Mulayam Singh YADAV];Shiromani Akali Dal or SAD [G. S. TOHRA]; Shiv Sena or SS [BalTHACKERAY]; Tamil Maanila Congress [G. K. VASAN]; Telangana RashtraSamithi or TRS [leader NA]; Telugu Desam Party or TDP [ChandrababuNAIDU]; Trinamool Congress [Mamata BANERJEE]
IndonesiaCrescent Moon and Star Party or PBB [Yusril Ihza MAHENDRA,chairman]; Democratic Party or PD [Subur BUDHISANTOSO, chairman];Functional Groups Party or Golkar [Yusuf KALLA, chairman]; IndonesiaDemocratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P [MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri,chairperson]; National Awakening Party or PKB [Alwi SHIHAB,chairman]; National Mandate Party or PAN [Amien RAIS, chairman];Prosperous Justice Party or PKS [MAHFUD, acting chairman]; UnitedDevelopment Party or PPP [Hamzah HAZ, chairman]
Iranformal political parties are a relatively new phenomenon inIran and most conservatives still prefer to work through politicalpressure groups rather than parties; a loose pro-reform coalitioncalled the 2nd Khordad front, which includes political parties aswell as less formal pressure groups and organizations, achievedconsiderable success at elections to the sixth Majles in early 2000;groups in the coalition include: Islamic Iran Participation Front(IIPF); Executives of Construction Party (Kargozaran); SolidarityParty; Islamic Labor Party; Mardom Salari; Mojahedin of the IslamicRevolution Organization (MIRO); and Militant Clerics Society(Ruhaniyun); the coalition participated in the seventh Majleselections in early 2004; a new apparently conservative group, theBuilders of Islamic Iran, took a leading position in the new Majlesafter winning a majority of the seats in February 2004
IraqAl-Sadr Movement [Muqtada Al-SADR]; Constitutional MonarchyMovement or CMM [Sharif Ali Bin al-HUSAYN]; Da'wa Party [Ibrahimal-JA'FARI]; Independent Iraqi Alliance or IIA [Falah al-NAQIB];Iraqi Hizballah [Karim Mahud al-MUHAMMADAWI]; Iraqi IndependentDemocrats or IID [Adnan PACHACHI, Mahdi al-HAFIZ]; Iraqi IslamicParty or IIP [Muhsin Abd al-HAMID, Hajim al-HASSANI]; Iraqi NationalAccord or INA [Ayad ALLAWI]; Iraqi National Congress or INC [AhmadCHALABI]; Iraqi National Unity Movement or INUM [Ahmad al-KUBAYSI,chairman]; Jama'at al Fadilah or JAF [Ayatollah Muhammad ' Alial-YAQUBI]; Kurdistan Democratic Party or KDP [Masud BARZANI];Muslim Ulama Council or MUC [Harith Sulayman al-DARI, secretarygeneral]; Patriotic Union of Kurdistan or PUK [Jalal TALABANI]note: the Democratic Patriotic Alliance of Kurdistan, the IraqiList, and the United Iraqi Alliance were only electoral slatesconsisting of the representatives from the various Iraqi politicalparties
IrelandFianna Fail [Bertie AHERN]; Fine Gael [Enda KENNY]; GreenParty [Trevor SARGENT]; Labor Party [Pat RABITTE]; ProgressiveDemocrats [Mary HARNEY]; Sinn Fein [Gerry ADAMS]; Socialist Party[Joe HIGGINS]; The Workers' Party [Sean GARLAND]
IsraelDemocratic Front for Peace and Equality (Hadash) [MuhammadBARAKA]; Green Leaf Party (no longer active) [Boaz WACHTEL andShlomi SANDAK]; Herut (no longer active) [Michael KLEINER]; LaborParty [Shimon PERES]; Likud Party [Ariel SHARON]; Meretz (mergedwith YAHAD) [Zahava GALON]; National Democratic Assembly (Balad)[Azmi BISHARA]; National Religious Party [Ephraim "Efie" EITAM];National Union (Haichud Haleumi) [Avigdor LIBERMAN] (includes TekumaMoledet and Yisra'el Beiteinu); One Nation [David TAL]; Shas[Eliyahu YISHAI]; Shinui [Yosef "Tommy" LAPID]; United Arab List[Abd al-Malik DAHAMSHAH]; United Torah Judaism [Yaakov LITZMAN];YAHAD [Yossi BEILIN]; Yisra'el Ba'Aliya or YBA (merged with Likud)[Natan SHARANSKY]
ItalyCenter-Left Olive Tree Coalition [Francesco RUTELLI] -Democrats of the Left, Daisy Alliance (including Italian PopularParty, Italian Renewal, Union of Democrats for Europe, TheDemocrats), Sunflower Alliance (including Green Federation, ItalianDemocratic Socialists), Italian Communist Party; Center-RightFreedom House Coalition [Silvio BERLUSCONI] (formerly House ofLiberties and Freedom Alliance) - Forza Italia, National Alliance,The Whiteflower Alliance (includes Christian Democratic Center,United Christian Democrats), Northern League; Democrats of the Leftor DS [Piero FASSINO]; Forza Italia or FI [Silvio BERLUSCONI]; GreenFederation [Alfonso Pecoraro SCANIO]; Italian Communist Party orPdCI [Armando COSSUTTA]; Italian Renewal or RI [Lamberto DINI];merged with PPI and I Democratici to form La Margherita (or TheDaisy Alliance); Italian Social Democrats or SDI [Enrico BOSELLI];Lega Padana [Roberto BERNARDELLI]; National Alliance or AN[Gianfranco FINI]; Northern League or NL [Umberto BOSSI]; Per leAutonomie [leader NA]; Socialist Movement-Tricolor Flame orMS-Fiamma [Luca ROMAGNOLI]; South Tyrol People's Party or SVP(German speakers) [Elmar Pichler ROLLE]; Sunflower Alliance(includes Green Federation, Italian Social Democrats); The DaisyAlliance (includes Italian Popular Party, Italian Renewal, Union ofDemocrats for Europe, The Democrats) [Francesco RUTELLI]; TheDemocrats [Arturo PARISI]; The Radicals (formerly Pannella Reformersand Autonomous List) [Marco PANNELLA]; Union of Democrats for Europeor UDEUR [Clemente MASTELLA]; Union of Christian and CenterDemocrats or UDC [Marco FOLLINI]
JamaicaJamaica Labor Party or JLP [Bruce GOLDING]; NationalDemocratic Movement or NDM [Hyacinth BENNETT]; People's NationalParty or PNP [Percival James PATTERSON]
JapanDemocratic Party of Japan or DPJ [Seiji MAEHARA, leader; YukioHATOYAMA, secretary general]; Japan Communist Party or JCP [KazuoSHII, chairman; Tadayoshi ICHIDA, secretary general]; Komeito[Takenori KANZAKI, president; Tetsuzo FUYUSHIBA, secretary general];Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Junichiro KOIZUMI, president;Tsutomu TAKEBE, secretary general]; Social Democratic Party or SDP[Mizuho FUKUSHIMA, chairperson; Seiji MATAICHI, secretary general]
Jerseynone; all independents
JordanAl-Ajyal [Muhammad KHALAYLEH, secretary general]; Al-Umma(Nation) Party [Ahmad al-HANANDEH, secretary general]; Arab LandParty [Dr. Ayishah Salih HIJAZAYN, secretary general]; Ba'th ArabProgressive Party [Fu'ad DABBUR, secretary general]; Communist Party[Munir HAMARINAH, secretary general]; Constitutional National Party[Ahmad al-SHUNNAQ, secretary general; Democratic Arab IslamicMovement [Yusuf ABU BAKR, president]; Green Party [MuhammadBATAYNEH, secretary general]; Islamic Action Front [Hazma MANSOUR,secretary general]; Islamic al-Walsat Party [Marwan al-FAURI],secretary general; Jordanian Democratic Left Party [Musa MA'AYTEH,secretary general]; Jordanian Democratic Popular Unity Party [Sa'idDhiyab Ali MUSTAFA, secretary general]; Jordanian People'sDemocratic (Hashd) Party [Ahmad YUSUF, secretary general]; JordanianProgressive Party [Fawwaz al-ZUBI, secretary general]; Labor Party[Dr. Mazin Sulayman Jiryis HANNA, secretary general]; MuslimCentrist Party [leader NA]; National Action (Haqq) Party [Tariqal-KAYYALI, secretary general]; National Constitutional Party [AbdulHadi MAJALI, secretary general]; National Movement for DirectDemocracy [Mahmud al-NUWAYHI, secretary general]; Pan-Arab(Democratic) Movement [Mahmud al-NUWAYHI, secretary general]; (Arab)Socialist Ba'th Party [Taysir al-HIMSI, secretary general]
KazakhstanAgrarian Party [Romin MADINOV]; Ak Zhol Party "BrightPath" [Bulat ABILOV, Uraz ZHANDOSOV, Lyudmila ZHULANOVA, AlikhanBAYMENOV, Altynbek SARSENBAYEV, co-chairs]; ASAR "All Together"[Dariga NAZARBAYEVA, chairwoman]; AUL "Village" [Gani KALIYEV];Civic Party [Azat PERUASHEV, first secretary]; Communist Party orKPK [Serikbolsyn ABDILDIN, first secretary]; Communist People'sParty of Kazakhstan [Vladislav KOSAREV]; Democratic Party ofKazakhstan [Maksut NARIKBAEV]; Otan "Fatherland" [BakhytzhanZHUMAGULOV, acting chairman]; Patriots' Party [Gani KASYMOV];Rukhaniyat [Altynshash JAGANOVA]
KenyaForum for the Restoration of Democracy-People or FORD-People[Kimaniwa NYOIKE, chairman]; Kenya African National Union or KANU[Uhuru KENYATTA]; National Rainbow Coalition or NARC [Mwai KIBAKI] -the governing party
KiribatiBoutokaan Te Koaua Party or BTK [Taberannang TIMEON];Maneaban Te Mauri Party or MTM [Teburoro TITO]; Maurin Kiribati Patior MKP [leader NA]; National Progressive Party or NPP [Dr. HarryTONG]note: there is no tradition of formally organized political partiesin Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groupsbecause they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or partystructures
Korea, Northmajor party - Korean Workers' Party or KWP [KIM JongIl, general secretary]; minor parties - Chondoist Chongu Party [RYUMi Yong, chairwoman] (under KWP control); Social Democratic Party[KIM Yong Dae, chairman] (under KWP control)
Korea, SouthDemocratic Labor Party or DLP [KIM Hye-kyung,chairwoman]; Democratic Party or DP [HAHN Hwa-kap, chairman]; GrandNational Party or GNP [PARK Geun-hye, chairwoman]; United LiberalDemocrats or ULD [KIM Hak-won, chairman]; Uri Party [MOON Hee-sang,chairman]
Kuwaitnone; formation of political parties is illegal
KyrgyzstanAdilet (Justice) Party [Toychubek KASYMOV]; AgrarianLabor Party of Kyrgyzstan [Uson SYDYKOV]; Agrarian Party ofKyrgyzstan [Erkin ALIYEV]; Alga, Kyrgyzstan (Forward, Kyrgyzstan)[Bolot BEGALIYEV]; Ar-Namys (Dignity) Party [Emil ALIYEV]; Asaba(Banner National Revival Party) [Azimbek BEKNAZAROV]; Ata-Meken(Fatherland) [Omurbek TEKEBAYEV]; Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan[Klara ADZHIBEKOVA]; Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstan or DDK [JyparJEKSHEYEV]; Erkin Kyrgyzstan Progressive and Democratic Party[Bektur ASANOV]; Erkindik (Freedom) Party [Topchubek TURGUNALIYEV];Future of Kyrgyzstan [Balbak TULEBAYEV]; Jany Kyrgyzstan (NewKyrgyzstan) [Dosbol NUR UULU]; Kairan El [Dooronbek SADYKOV]; KyrgyzNational Party [Bakyt BESHIMOV]; Kyrgyzstan Kelechegi [RuslanCHYNYBAYEV]; Manas El (Party of Spiritual Restoration) [ChingizAITMATOV]; Moya Strana (My Country Party of Action) [JoomartOTORBAYEV]; Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan or KCP [BakytbekBEKBOYEV]; Party of Justice and Progress [Muratbek IMANALIEV]; Partyof Peasants [Esengul ISAKOV]
LaosLao People's Revolutionary Party or LPRP [KHAMTAI Siphadon,party president]; other parties proscribed
LatviaFirst Party of Latvia or LPP [Juris LUJANS]; For Human Rightsin a United Latvia or PCTVL [Tatjana ZDANOKA, Jakovs PLINERS]; Forthe Fatherland and Freedom/Latvian National Independence Movement orTB/LNNK [Janis STRAUME]; Harmony Center or SC [Sergejs DOLGOPOLOVS];Latvian Green Party or LZP [Indulis EMSIS, Viesturs SILENIEKS,Raimonds VEJONIS]; Latvian Farmer's Union or LZS [AugustsBRIGMANIS]; Latvian Social Democratic Workers Party (SocialDemocrats) or LSDSP [Juris BOJARS]; Latvian Socialist Party or LSP[Alfreds RUBIKS]; Latvia's Way or LC [Ivars GODMANIS]; New Democratsor JD [Maris GULBIS]; New Era Party or JL [Einars REPSE]; People'sHarmony Party or TSP [Aivars DATAVS]; People's Party or TP [AtisSLAKTERIS]; Social Democratic Union or SDS [Egils BALDZENS]
LebanonBa'th Party [leader NA]; Democratic Gathering [WalidJUNBLATT]; Democratic Left [leader NA]; Development and ResistanceBloc [Nabih BARRI, Amal leader/speaker]; Free Patriotic Movement[Michel AWN]; Future Movement Bloc [Sa'ad HARIRI]; Kataeb Party[leader NA]; Kataeb Reform Movement [leader NA]; Lebanese Forces[leader NA]; Loyalty to the Resistance [Mohammad RA'AD]; NasseritePopular Movement [leader NA]; Popular Bloc [leader NA]; QornetShewan [leader NA]; Syrian National Socialist Party [leader NA];Tripoli Independent Bloc [leader NA]
LesothoBasotholand African Congress or BAC [Khauhelo RALITAPOLE];Basotholand Congress Party or BCP [Ntsukunyane MPHANYA]; BasothoNational Party or BNP [Maj. Gen. Justine Metsing LEKHANYA]; LesothoCongress for Democracy or LCD [Pakalitha MOSISILI] - the governingparty; Lesotho People's Congress or LPC [Kelebone MAOPE]; LesothoWorkers Party of LWP [Macaefa BILLY]; Marematlou Freedom Party orMFP [Vincent MALEBO]; National Independent Party or NIP [AnthonyMANYELI]; National Progressive Party or NPP [Chief Peete NkoebePEETE]; Popular Front for Democracy or PFD [Lekhetho RAKUOANE];Sefate Democratic Party or SDP [Bofihla NKUEBE]
LiberiaAlliance of Political Parties (a coalition of LAP and LUP)[leader NA]; All Liberia Coalition Party or ALCOP [Peter KERBAY];Liberian Action Party or LAP [C. Gyude BRYANT]; Liberian People'sParty or LPP [Koffa NAGBE]; Liberia Unification Party or LUP [leaderNA]; National Patriotic Party or NPP [Cyril ALLEN] - governingparty; United People's Party or UPP [Wesley JOHNSON]; Unity Party orUP [Charles CLARKE]
Libyanone
LiechtensteinPatriotic Union (was Fatherland Union) or VU [HeinzFROMMELT]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Johannes MATT]; TheFree List or FL [Dr. Pepo FRICK, Elisabeth TELLENBACH-FRICK, AdolfRITTER]
LithuaniaElectoral Action of Lithuanian Poles [ValdemarTOMASZEVSKI, chairman]; Homeland Union/Conservative Party or TS[Andrius KUBILIUS, chairman]; Labor Party [Viktor USPASKICH,chairman]; Liberal and Center Union [Arturas ZUOKAS, chairman];Liberal Democratic Party [Valentinas MAZURONIS, chairman];Lithuanian Christian Democrats or LKD [Valentinas STUNDYS,chairman]; Lithuanian People's Union for a Fair Lithuania;Lithuanian Social Democratic Coalition [Algirdas BRAZAUSKAS,chairman] consists of the Lithuanian Democratic Labor Party or LDDPand the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party or LSDP; New Democracyand Farmer's Union or VNDPS [Kazimiera PRUNSKIENE, chairman]; SocialLiberals (New Union) [Arturas PAULAUSKAS, chairman]; Social Union ofChristian Conservatives [Gediminas VAGNORIUS, chairman]; YoungLithuania and New Nationalists
LuxembourgAction Committee for Democracy and Justice or ADR [GastGIBERYEN]; Christian Social People's Party or CSV (known also asChristian Social Party or PCS) [Francois BILTGEN]; Democratic Partyor DP [Claude MEISCH]; Green Party [Francois BAUSCH]; LuxembourgSocialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Alex BODRY]; Marxist and ReformedCommunist Party dei Lenk/la Gauche (the Left) [no formalleadership]; other minor parties
MacauCivil Service Union [Jose Maria Pereira COUTINHO]; DevelopmentUnion [KWAN Tsui-hang]; Macau Development Alliance [Angela LEONGOn-kei]; Macau United Citizens' Association [CHAN Meng-kam]; NewDemocratic Macau Association [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong]; United Forces[leader NA]
MacedoniaDemocratic Alliance [Pavle TRAJANOV]; DemocraticAlternative or DA [Vasil TUPURKOVSKI, president]; Democratic Leagueof the Bosniaks [Rafet MUMINOVIC]; Democratic Party of Albanians orPDSH/DPA [Arben XHAFERI, president]; Democratic Party of Serbs [IvanSTOILJKOVIC]; Democratic Party of Turks [Kenan HASIPI]; DemocraticRepublican Union of Macedonia or DRUM [Dosta DIMOVSKA]; DemocraticUnion of Vlachs for Macedonia [leader NA]; Democratic Union forIntegration or BDI/DUI [Ali AHMETI]; Internal MacedonianRevolutionary Organization-Agrarian Party or VMRO-Agrarian Party[Marjan GJORCEV]; Internal Macedonian RevolutionaryOrganization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity orVMRO-DPMNE (including VMRO and LDT) [Nikola GRUEVSKI]; InternalMacedonian Revolutionary Organization-True Macedonian Option orVMRO-Vistinska [Boris ZMEJKOVSKI]; Internal Macedonian RevolutionaryOrganization-Macedonian [Boris STOJMENOV]; Internal MacedonianRevolutionary Organization-People's Party or VMRO-Narodna [VesnaJANEVSKA]; League for Democracy [Gjorgi MARJANOVIC]; LiberalDemocratic Party or LDP [Risto PENOV]; Liberal Party [Stojan ANDOV];National Democratic Party or PDK [Basri HALITI]; National Farmers'Party [Vejljo TANTAROV]; Party for Democratic Prosperity or PPD/PDP[Abduljhadi VEJSELI]; Social Democratic Alliance of Macedonia orSDSM [Vlado BUCKOVSKI, president]; Socialist Party of Macedonia orSP [Ljubisav IVANOV, president]; Together for Macedonia coalition(including the SDSM and LDP) [Vlado BUCKOVSI]; United Party forEmancipation or OPE [Nezdet MUSTAFA]
MadagascarAssociation for the Rebirth of Madagascar or AREMA[Pierrot RAJAONARIVO]; Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action forNational Recovery or LEADER/Fanilo [Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO]; FihaonanaParty or FP [Guy-Willy RAZANAMASY]; I Love Madagascar or TIM [MarcRAVALOMANANA]; Renewal of the Social Democratic Party or RPSD[Evariste MARSON]
MalawiAlliance for Democracy or AFORD [Chakufwa CHIHANA]; MalawiCongress Party or MCP [John TEMBO]; Malawi Democratic Party or MDP[Kampelo KALUA]; Malawi Forum for Unity and Development or MAFUNDE[George MNESA]; Mgwirizano Coalition or MC (coalition of MAFUNDE,MDP, MGODE, NUP, PETRA, PPM, RP) [Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA]; Movementfor Genuine Democratic Change or MGODE [Sam Kandodo BANDA]; NationalDemocratic Alliance or NDA [Brown MPINGANJIRA]; National Unity Partyor NUP [Harry CHIUME]; New Congress for Democracy or NCD [HetherwickNTABA]; People's Progressive Movement or PPM [Aleke BANDA]; People'sTransformation Movement or PETRA [Kamuzu CHIBAMBO]; Republican Partyor RP [Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA]; United Democratic Front or UDF[Bingu wa MUTHARIKA] - governing party
Malaysiaruling-coalition National Front (Barisan Nasional) or BN,consisting of the following parties: Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia Partyor PGRM [LIM Keng Yaik]; Liberal Democratic Party (Parti LiberalDemokratik - Sabah) or LDP [CHONG Kah Kiat]; Malaysian ChineseAssociation (Persatuan China Malaysia) or MCA [ONG Ka Ting];Malaysian Indian Congress (Kongresi India Malaysia) or MIC [S. SamyVELLU]; Parti Bersatu Pakyat Sabah or PBRS [Joseph KURUP]; PartiBersatu Sabah or PBS [Joseph PAIRIN Kitingan]; Parti PesakaBumiputra Bersatu or PBB [Patinggi Haji Abdul TAIB Mahmud]; PartiRakyat Sarawak or PRS [James MASING]; Sabah Progressive Party (PartiProgresif Sabah) or SAPP [YONG Teck Lee]; Sarawak United People'sParty (Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sarawak) or SUPP [George CHAN Hong Nam];United Malays National Organization or UMNO [ABDULLAH bin AhmadBadawi]; United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organization(Pertubuhan Pasko Momogun Kadazan Dusun Bersatu) or UPKO [BernardDOMPOK]; People's Progressive Party (Parti Progresif PendudukMalaysia) or PPP [M.Keyveas]; Sarawak Progressive Democratic Partyor SPDP [William MAWANI]; opposition parties: Democratic ActionParty (Parti Tindakan Demokratik) or DAP [KARPAL Singh]; IslamicParty of Malaysia (Parti Islam se Malaysia) or PAS [Abdul HADIAwang]; People's Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat) or PKR [WANAZIZAH Wan Ismael]; Sarawak National Party or SNAP [Edwin DANDUNG];opposition coalition Alternative Front (Barisan Alternatif) or BAconsists of PAS and PKR
Maldivesalthough political parties are not banned, none exist
MaliAlliance for Democracy or ADEMA [Diounconda TRAORE, partychairman]; Block of Alternative for the Renewal of Africa or BARA[Yoro DIAKITE]; Democratic and Social Convention or CDS [MamadouBakary SANGARE, chairman]; Hope 2002 [leader NA]; Movement for theIndependence, Renaissance and Integration of Africa or MIRIA[Mohamed Lamine TRAORE, Mouhamedou DICKO]; National Congress forDemocratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL, chairman]; Party forDemocracy and Progress or PDP [Me Idrissa TRAORE]; Party forNational Renewal or PARENA [Yoro DIAKITE, chairman; Tiebile DRAME,secretary general]; Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT [AliGNANGADO]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Almamy SYLLA,chairman]; Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA, chairman];Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou BamouTOURE, secretary general]; Union of Democratic Forces for Progressor UFDP [Youssouf TOURE, secretary general]; Union for Democracy andDevelopment or UDD [Moussa Balla COULIBALY]; Union for Republic andDemocracy or URD [Soumaila CISSE]
MaltaAlternativa Demokratika/Alliance for Social Justice or AD[Harry VASSALLO]; Malta Labor Party or MLP [Alfred SANT];Nationalist Party or PN [Lawrence GONZI]
Man, Isle ofMan Labor Party [leader NA]; Alliance for ProgressiveGovernment [leader NA]; Man Nationalist Party [leader NA]note: most members sit as independents
Marshall Islandstraditionally there have been no formally organizedpolitical parties; what has existed more closely resembles factionsor interest groups because they do not have party headquarters,formal platforms, or party structures; the following two "groupings"have competed in legislative balloting in recent years - Kabua Party[Imata KABUA] and United Democratic Party or UDP [Litokwa TOMEING]
MartiniqueMartinique Communist Party or PCM [Georges ERICHOT];Martinique Independence Movement or MIM [Alfred MARIE-JEANNE];Martinique Progressive Party or PPM [Pierre SUEDILE]; MartiniqueSocialist Party or PMS [Ernest WAN-AJOUHU]; Movement of Democratsand Ecologists for a Sovereign Martinique or Modemas [Garcin MALSA];Rally for the Republic or RPR [Michel CHARLONE]; SocialistRevolution Group or GRS [Philippe PIERRE-CHARLES]; Union for FrenchDemocracy or UDF [Jean MAREN]