Chapter 97

Mongoliaparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, OzoneLayer Protection, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Moroccoparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes,Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands,Whalingsigned, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea

Mozambiqueparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protectionsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Namibiaparty to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity,Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification,Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone LayerProtection, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Nauruparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, MarineDumping, Ozone Layer Protectionsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Nepalparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone LayerProtection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Netherlandsparty to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides,Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile OrganicCompounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine LivingResources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Kyoto Protocol, Law ofthe Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,Wetlands, Whaling

New Zealandparty to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification,Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, ShipPollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: Antarctic Seals, Marine Life Conservation

Nicaraguaparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, ShipPollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Nigerparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, EnvironmentalModification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Nigeriaparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Lawof the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone LayerProtection, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Niueparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Desertificationsigned, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Norwayparty to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, AirPollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85,Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources,Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, MarineDumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83,Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Omanparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, MarineDumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Pakistanparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, MarineDumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Palauparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protectionsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Panamaparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Lawof the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Papua New Guineaparty to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, ClimateChange, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, EndangeredSpecies, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of theSea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Paraguayparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Peruparty to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-MarineLiving Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, ShipPollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Philippinesparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

Polandparty to: Air Pollution, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, AntarcticTreaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,Hazardous Wastes, Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, AirPollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94

Portugalparty to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change,Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine LifeConservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, TropicalTimber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent OrganicPollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, EnvironmentalModification

Qatarparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Lawof the Sea, Ozone Layer Protectionsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Romaniaparty to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent OrganicPollutants, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, OzoneLayer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Russiaparty to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, AirPollution-Sulfur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, AntarcticTreaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, ShipPollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Sulfur 94

Rwandaparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes,Ozone Layer Protectionsigned, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Saint Kitts and Nevisparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of theSea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Saint Luciaparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, MarineDumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Saint Vincent and the Grenadinesparty to: Biodiversity, ClimateChange, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, EndangeredSpecies, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of theSea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Samoaparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, OzoneLayer Protectionsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

San Marinoparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertificationsigned, but not ratified: Air Pollution

Sao Tome and Principeparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Lawof the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollutionsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Saudi Arabiaparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protectionsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Senegalparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Lawof the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, ShipPollution, Wetlands, Whaling

Serbia and Montenegroparty to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, ClimateChange, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, MarineDumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, ShipPollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Seychellesparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollutionsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Sierra Leoneparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine LifeConservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Singaporeparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollutionsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Slovakiaparty to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, AirPollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85,Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, EnvironmentalModification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Sloveniaparty to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94,Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of theSea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

Solomon Islandsparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Environmental Modification,Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, OzoneLayer Protection, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Somaliaparty to: Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone LayerProtection

South Africaparty to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, AntarcticTreaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of theSea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Southern Oceanthe Southern Ocean is subject to all internationalagreements regarding the world's oceans; in addition, it is subjectto these agreements specific to the Antarctic region: InternationalWhaling Commission (prohibits commercial whaling south of 40 degreessouth [south of 60 degrees south between 50 degrees and 130 degreeswest]); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (limitssealing); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine LivingResources (regulates fishing)note: many nations (including the US) prohibit mineral resourceexploration and exploitation south of the fluctuating Polar Front(Antarctic Convergence) which is in the middle of the AntarcticCircumpolar Current and serves as the dividing line between the verycold polar surface waters to the south and the warmer waters to thenorth

Spainparty to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, AirPollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources,Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, EnvironmentalModification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

Sri Lankaparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, OzoneLayer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Sudanparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, OzoneLayer Protectionsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Surinameparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Swazilandparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protectionsigned, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Swedenparty to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, AirPollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85,Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources,Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, EnvironmentalModification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, TropicalTimber 94, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Switzerlandparty to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides,Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile OrganicCompounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, MarineLife Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, TropicalTimber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Syriaparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, ShipPollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Taiwanparty to: none of the selected agreements because of Taiwan'sinternational statussigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements because ofTaiwan's international status

Tajikistanparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Tanzaniaparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Thailandparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection,Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Togoparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, OzoneLayer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, TropicalTimber 94, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Tongaparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Lawof the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollutionsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Trinidad and Tobagoparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, OzoneLayer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, TropicalTimber 94, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Tunisiaparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, EnvironmentalModification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Turkeyparty to: Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, HazardousWastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Turkmenistanparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, OzoneLayer Protectionsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Tuvaluparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection,Ship Pollutionsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Ugandaparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Lawof the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection,Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Ukraineparty to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, AirPollution-Sulfur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species,Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, MarineDumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent OrganicPollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile OrganicCompounds

United Arab Emiratesparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protectionsigned, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

United Kingdomparty to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-NitrogenOxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile OrganicCompounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine LivingResources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, ClimateChange, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, EndangeredSpecies, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of theSea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

United Statesparty to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-NitrogenOxides, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine LivingResources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change,Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection,Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands,Whalingsigned, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent OrganicPollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity,Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes

Uruguayparty to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-MarineLiving Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, OzoneLayer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation

Uzbekistanparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone LayerProtection, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Vanuatuparty to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity,Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification,Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Venezuelaparty to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection,Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlandssigned but not ratified:: none of the selected agreements

Vietnamparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, EnvironmentalModification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Western Saharaparty to: none of the selected agreementssigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Yemenparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, EnvironmentalModification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone LayerProtectionsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Zambiaparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone LayerProtection, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

Zimbabweparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protectionsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

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@2034 Military expenditures - percent of GDP (%)

Afghanistan2.6% (2004)

Albania1.49% (FY02)

Algeria3.2% (2004)

Angola10.6% (2004)

Antigua and BarbudaNA

Argentina1.3% (FY00)

Armenia6.5% (FY01)

Australia2.7% (2004)

Austria0.9% (2004)

Azerbaijan2.6% (FY99)

Bahamas, TheNA

Bahrain6.3% (2004)

Bangladesh1.8% (2004)

BarbadosNA

Belarus1.4% (FY02)

Belgium1.3% (2003)

Belize2% (2003)

Benin2.4% (2004)

Bermuda0.11% (FY00/01)

Bhutan1.8% (2004)

Bolivia1.6% (2004)

Bosnia and Herzegovina4.5% (FY02)

Botswana3.9% (2004)

Brazil1.8% (2004)

Brunei5.1% (2004)

Bulgaria2.6% (2003)

Burkina Faso1.3% (2004)

Burma2.1% (FY97)

Burundi6% (2004)

Cambodia3% (FY01 est.)

Cameroon1.6% (2004)

Canada1.1% (2003)

Cape Verde1.5% (2004)

Central African Republic1% (2004)

Chad2.1% (2004)

Chile3.8% (2004)

China4.3% (2004)

Colombia3.4% (FY01)

Comoros3% (2004)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the1.5% (2004)

Congo, Republic of the2.8% (2004)

Costa Rica0.4% (2003)

Cote d'Ivoire1.2% (2004)

Croatia2.39% (2002 est.)

Cuba1.8% (2003)

Cyprus3.8% (FY02)

Czech Republic2.02% (2004)

Denmark1.5% (2004)

Djibouti4.4% (2004)

DominicaNA

Dominican Republic1.1% (1998)

East TimorNA

Ecuador2.2% (2004)

Egypt3.4% (2004)

El Salvador1.1% (2003)

Equatorial Guinea2.5% (2004)

Eritrea13.4% (2004)

Estonia2% (2002 est.)

Ethiopia4.6% (2004)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)NA

Faroe IslandsNA

Fiji2.2% (FY02)

Finland2% (FY98/99)

France2.6% (2003)

French GuianaNA

Gabon2% (2004)

Gambia, The0.3% (2004)

Gaza StripNA

Georgia0.59% (FY00)

Germany1.5% (2003)

Ghana0.6% (2004)

Greece4.3% (2003)

GrenadaNA

Guatemala0.8% (2003)

Guinea1.7% (2004)

Guinea-Bissau3.1% (2004)

Guyana0.9% (2004)

Haiti0.9% (2003)

Honduras1.4% (2004)

Hong KongNA

Hungary1.75% (2002 est.)

India2.93% (2005/06)

Indonesia3% (2004)

Iran3.3% (2003 est.)

IraqNA

Ireland0.9% (FY00/01)

Israel8.7% (FY02)

Italy1.8% (2004)

Jamaica0.4% (2003)

Japan1% (2004)

Jordan14.6% (2004)

Kazakhstan0.9% (Ministry of Defense expenditures) (FY02)

Kenya1.3% (2004)

KiribatiNA

Korea, NorthNA

Korea, South2.8% (2004)

Kuwait5.3% (2004)

Kyrgyzstan1.4% (FY01)

Laos0.5% (2004)

Latvia1.2% (FY01)

Lebanon3.1% (FY99) (2004)

Lesotho2.3% (2004)

Liberia0.2% (2004)

Libya3.9% (FY99)

Lithuania1.9% (FY01)

Luxembourg0.9% (2003)

Macedonia6% (FY01/02 est.)

Madagascar1.2% (2004)

Malawi0.7% (2004)

Malaysia2.03% (FY00)

Maldives5.5% (2004)

Mali0.4% (2004)

Malta0.7% (2004)

Marshall IslandsNA

Mauritania1.7% (2004)

Mauritius0.2% (2004)

Mexico0.9% (2004)

Moldova0.4% (FY02)

Mongolia2.2% (FY02)

Morocco5% (2004)

Mozambique2.2% (2004)

Namibia3.1% (2004)

NauruNA

Nepal1.5% (2004)

Netherlands1.6% (2004)

New CaledoniaNA

New Zealand1% (FY02)

Nicaragua0.7% (2004)

Niger1.1% (2004)

Nigeria0.8% (2004)

Norway1.9% (2003)

Oman11.4% (2003)

Pakistan4.9% (2004)

PalauNA

Panama1.1% (2004)

Papua New Guinea1.4% (FY02)

Paraguay0.9% (2003)

Peru1.4% (2004)

Philippines1% (2004)

Poland1.71% (2002)

Portugal2.3% (2003)

Qatar10% (FY00)

Romania2.47% (2002)

RussiaNA

Rwanda3.2% (2004)

Saint Kitts and NevisNA

Saint LuciaNA

Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesNA

SamoaNA

San MarinoNA

Sao Tome and Principe0.8% (2004)

Saudi Arabia10% (2002)

Senegal1.5% (2004)

Serbia and MontenegroNA

Seychelles1.8% (2004)

Sierra Leone1.7% (2004)

Singapore4.9% (FY01)

Slovakia1.89% (2002)

Slovenia1.7% (FY00)

Solomon IslandsNA

Somalia0.9% (2003)

South Africa1.5% (2004)

Spain1.2% (2003)

Sri Lanka2.6% (2004)

Sudan3% (1999) (2004)

Suriname0.7% (2003)

Swaziland1.4% (2004)

Sweden1.7% (2004)

Switzerland1% (FY01)

Syria5.9% (FY00)

Taiwan2.6% (2004)

Tajikistan3.9% (FY01)

Tanzania0.2% (2004)

Thailand1.8% (2003)

Togo1.9% (2004)

TongaNA

Trinidad and Tobago0.6% (2003)

Tunisia1.5% (FY99)

Turkey5.3% (2003)

Turkmenistan3.4% (FY99)

TuvaluNA

Uganda2.2% (2004)

Ukraine1.4% (FY02)

United Arab Emirates3.1% (FY00)

United Kingdom2.4% (2003)

United States3.3% (FY03 est.) (February 2004)

Uruguay2% (2004)

Uzbekistan2% (FY97)

VanuatuNA

Venezuela1.5% (2004)

Vietnam2.5% (FY98)

West BankNA

Worldroughly 2% of gross world product (1999 est.)

Yemen7.8% (2003)

Zambia1.8% (2004)

Zimbabwe4.3% (2004)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

======================================================================

@2038 Electricity - production (kWh)

Afghanistan540 million kWh (2002)

Albania5.68 billion kWh (2004)

Algeria25.76 billion kWh (2002)

American Samoa130 million kWh (2002)

AndorraNA kWh

Angola1.707 billion kWh (2002)

AnguillaNA

Antigua and Barbuda110.8 million kWh (2002)

Argentina81.39 billion kWh (2002)

Armenia6.492 billion kWh (2002)

Aruba807.7 million kWh (2002)

Australia210.3 billion kWh (2002)

Austria58.49 billion kWh (2002)

Azerbaijan17.55 billion kWh (2002)

Bahamas, The1.716 billion kWh (2002)

Bahrain6.86 billion kWh (2002)

Bangladesh16.45 billion kWh (2002)

Barbados800 million kWh (2002)

Belarus30 billion kWh (2004)

Belgium76.58 billion kWh (2002)

Belize117 million kWh (2002)

Benin285.2 million kWh (2002)

Bermuda643 million kWh (2002)

Bhutan2.001 billion kWh (2002)

Bolivia4.132 billion kWh (2002)

Bosnia and Herzegovina10.04 billion kWh (2002)

Botswana930 million kWh (2002)

Brazil339 billion kWh (2002)

British Indian Ocean TerritoryNA kWh; note - electricity suppliedby the US military

British Virgin Islands36.28 million kWh (2002)

Brunei2.458 billion kWh (2002)

Bulgaria43.07 billion kWh (2002)

Burkina Faso361 million kWh (2002)

Burma5.068 billion kWh (2003)

Burundi132 million kWh (2002)

Cambodia122 million kWh (2003)

Cameroon3.571 billion kWh (2002)

Canada548.9 billion kWh (2002)

Cape Verde43.08 million kWh (2002)

Cayman Islands410.8 million kWh (2002)

Central African Republic106 million kWh (2002)

Chad96.13 million kWh (2002)

Chile48.6 billion kWh (2004)

China1.91 trillion kWh (2003)

Colombia44.87 billion kWh (2002)

Comoros23.84 million kWh (2002)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the6.086 billion kWh (2002)

Congo, Republic of the348 million kWh (2002)

Cook Islands27 million kWh (2002)

Costa Rica6.614 billion kWh (2002)

Cote d'Ivoire4.759 billion kWh (2002)

Croatia12.51 billion kWh (2002)

Cuba14.41 billion kWh (2002)

Cyprus4 billion kWh; north Cyprus: NA kWh (2003)

Czech Republic71.75 billion kWh (2002)

Denmark36.38 billion kWh (2002)

Djibouti180 million kWh (2002)

Dominica68.41 million kWh (2002)

Dominican Republic9.583 billion kWh (2002)

East TimorNA kWh (2002)

Ecuador11.54 billion kWh (2002)

Egypt81.27 billion kWh (2002)

El Salvador4.158 billion kWh (2004)

Equatorial Guinea26.69 million kWh (2002)

Eritrea246.6 million kWh (2002)

Estonia8.301 billion kWh (2002)

Ethiopia2.149 billion kWh (2002)

European Union2.888 trillion kWh (2002 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)19.06 million kWh (2002)

Faroe Islands220 million kWh (2002)

Fiji750 million kWh (2002)

Finland71.59 billion kWh (2002)

France528.6 billion kWh (2002)

French Guiana460.1 million kWh (2002)

French Polynesia380 million kWh (2002)

Gabon1.161 billion kWh (2002)

Gambia, The90.31 million kWh (2002)

Gaza StripNA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Israel

Georgia6.732 billion kWh (2002)

Germany560 billion kWh (2003)

Ghana6.922 billion kWh (2002)

Gibraltar104 million kWh (2002)

Greece47.22 billion kWh (2002)

Greenland245 million kWh (2002)

Grenada149 million kWh (2002)

Guadeloupe1.16 billion kWh (2002)

Guam835 million kWh (2002)

Guatemala6.608 billion kWh (2002)

GuernseyNA kWh

Guinea855 million kWh (2002)

Guinea-Bissau55 million kWh (2002)

Guyana808 million kWh (2002)

Haiti618 million kWh (2002)

Holy See (Vatican City)NA kWh

Honduras3.626 billion kWh (2002)

Hong Kong35.51 billion kWh (2003)

Hungary34.07 billion kWh (2002)

Iceland8.271 billion kWh (2002)

India547.2 billion kWh (2002)

Indonesia110.2 billion kWh (2003)

Iran129 billion kWh (2002)

Iraq32.6 billion kWh (2004)

Ireland22.88 billion kWh (2002)

Israel42.67 billion kWh (2002)

Italy261.6 billion kWh (2002)

Jamaica6.289 billion kWh (2002)

Japan1.044 trillion kWh (2002)

Jordan7.307 billion kWh (2002)

Kazakhstan66.82 billion kWh (2003)

Kenya4.475 billion kWh (2002)

Kiribati7 million kWh (2002)

Korea, North33.62 billion kWh (2002)

Korea, South322.5 billion kWh (2003)

Kuwait32.43 billion kWh (2002)

Kyrgyzstan11.72 billion kWh (2002)

Laos3.56 billion kWh (2002)

Latvia4.547 billion kWh (2002)

Lebanon8.066 billion kWh (2002)

Lesotho314 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa(2002)

Liberia488.8 million kWh (2002)

Libya20.89 billion kWh (2002)

Lithuania17.93 billion kWh (2002)

Luxembourg2.511 billion kWh (2002)

Macau1.719 billion kWh (2003)

Macedonia6.273 billion kWh (2003)

Madagascar840.2 million kWh (2002)

Malawi1.088 billion kWh (2002)

Malaysia75.33 billion kWh (2002)

Maldives124.4 million kWh (2002)

Mali700 million kWh (2002)

Malta2.15 billion kWh (2002)

Martinique1.178 billion kWh (2002)

Mauritania190.2 million kWh (2002)

Mauritius1.836 billion kWh (2002)

MayotteNA kWh

Mexico203.6 billion kWh (2002)

Micronesia, Federated States of192 million kWh (2002)

Moldova3.876 billion kWh (2002)

Mongolia2.692 billion kWh (2004 est.)

Montserrat1.8 million kWh (2002)

Morocco13.91 billion kWh (2002)

Mozambique8.859 billion kWh (2002)

Namibia1.167 billion kWh (2002)

Nauru30 million kWh (2002)

Nepal2.054 billion kWh (2002)

Netherlands90.61 billion kWh (2002)

Netherlands Antilles1.005 billion kWh (2002)

New Caledonia1.581 billion kWh (2002)

New Zealand38.39 billion kWh (2002)

Nicaragua2.553 billion kWh (2002)

Niger266.2 million kWh (2002)

Nigeria19.85 billion kWh (2002)

Niue3 million kWh (2002)

Norfolk IslandNA kWh

Northern Mariana IslandsNA kWh

Norway125.9 billion kWh (2002)

Oman9.896 billion kWh (2003)

Pakistan75.27 billion kWh (2003)

Panama4.873 billion kWh (2002)

Papua New Guinea1.679 billion kWh (2002)

Paraguay48.36 billion kWh (2002)

Peru22.88 billion kWh (2004 est.)

Philippines52.86 billion kWh (2003)

Pitcairn IslandsNA kWh; note - electric power is provided by asmall diesel-powered generator

Poland133.8 billion kWh (2002)

Portugal43.28 billion kWh (2002)

Puerto Rico22.09 billion kWh (2002)

Qatar9.727 billion kWh (2002)

Reunion1.166 billion kWh (2002)

Romania56.53 billion kWh (2003)

Russia915 billion kWh (2003)

Rwanda166.7 million kWh (2002)

Saint Helena5 million kWh (2002)

Saint Kitts and Nevis105.8 million kWh (2002)

Saint Lucia270.3 million kWh (2002)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon43.08 million kWh (2002)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines91.2 million kWh (2002)

Samoa122 million kWh (2002)

Sao Tome and Principe17 million kWh (2002)

Saudi Arabia138.2 billion kWh (2002)

Senegal1.737 billion kWh (2002)

Serbia and Montenegro31.64 billion kWh (2002)

Seychelles218 million kWh (2002)

Sierra Leone255.3 million kWh (2002)

Singapore35.33 billion kWh (2003)

Slovakia31.15 billion kWh (2003)

Slovenia12.49 billion kWh (2003)

Solomon Islands32 million kWh (2002)

Somalia240.3 million kWh (2002)

South Africa202.6 billion kWh (2002)

Spain229 billion kWh (2002)

Sri Lanka6.697 billion kWh (2002)

Sudan2.581 billion kWh (2002)

Suriname1.984 billion kWh (2002)

Swaziland402 million kWh (2002)

Sweden142.8 billion kWh (2002)

Switzerland63.47 billion kWh (2002)

Syria26.15 billion kWh (2002)

Taiwan158.5 billion kWh (2002)

Tajikistan15.08 billion kWh (2002)

Tanzania2.727 billion kWh (2002)

Thailand118.9 billion kWh (2003)

Togo108.8 million kWh (2002)

TokelauNA kWh

Tonga24.79 million kWh (2002)

Trinidad and Tobago5.743 billion kWh (2002)

Tunisia10.72 billion kWh (2002)

Turkey139.7 billion kWh (2003)

Turkmenistan11.41 billion kWh (2004 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands5 million kWh (2002)

Uganda1.775 billion kWh (2002)

Ukraine180 billion kWh (2003)

United Arab Emirates45.12 billion kWh (2004)

United Kingdom395.9 billion kWh (2003)

United States3.839 trillion kWh (2002)

Uruguay8.536 billion kWh (2003)

Uzbekistan47.7 billion kWh (2002)

Vanuatu48.42 million kWh (2002)

Venezuela89.7 billion kWh (2003)

Vietnam34.48 billion kWh (2002)

Virgin Islands1.035 billion kWh (2002)

Wake IslandNA

Wallis and FutunaNA kWh

West BankNA kWh; note - most electricity imported from Israel; EastJerusalem Electric Company buys and distributes electricity toPalestinians in East Jerusalem and its concession in the West Bank;the Israel Electric Company directly supplies electricity to mostJewish residents and military facilities; some Palestinianmunicipalities, such as Nablus and Janin, generate their ownelectricity from small power plants

Western Sahara90 million kWh (2002)

World15.29 trillion kWh (2002 est.)

Yemen3.04 billion kWh (2002 est.)

Zambia8.167 billion kWh (2002)

Zimbabwe8.839 billion kWh (2002)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

======================================================================

@2042 Electricity - consumption (kWh)

Afghanistan652.2 million kWh (2002)

Albania6.76 billion kWh (2004)

Algeria23.61 billion kWh (2002)

American Samoa120.9 million kWh (2002)

AndorraNA kWh

Angola1.587 billion kWh (2002)

Anguilla42.6 million kWh

Antigua and Barbuda103 million kWh (2002)

Argentina81.65 billion kWh (2002)

Armenia5.797 billion kWh (2002)

Aruba751.2 million kWh (2002)

Australia195.6 billion kWh (2002)

Austria55.09 billion kWh (2002)

Azerbaijan17.37 billion kWh (2002)

Bahamas, The1.596 billion kWh (2002)

Bahrain6.379 billion kWh (2002)

Bangladesh15.3 billion kWh (2002)

Barbados744 million kWh (2002)

Belarus34.3 billion kWh (2004)

Belgium78.82 billion kWh (2002)

Belize108.8 million kWh (2002)

Benin565.2 million kWh (2002)

Bermuda598 million kWh (2002)

Bhutan312.9 million kWh (2002)

Bolivia3.848 billion kWh (2002)

Bosnia and Herzegovina8.318 billion kWh (2002)

Botswana1.89 billion kWh (2002)

Brazil351.9 billion kWh (2002)

British Indian Ocean TerritoryNA kWh

British Virgin Islands33.74 million kWh (2002)

Brunei2.286 billion kWh (2002)

Bulgaria32.71 billion kWh (2002)


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