Qatarmaroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) onthe hoist side
Reunionunofficial, local flag designed to emphasize solidarityamong the people of Reunion; the field is divided vertically withthree narrow stripes of blue, white, and red along the hoist edgerepresenting the French national flag; the remainder of the field isdivided diagonally into four triangles colored (clockwise from thehoist side) blue, golden yellow, red, and green; in the center, theapexes of the triangles are surmounted by a white disk; the onlyofficial flag is the national flag of France
Romaniathree equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, andred; the national coat of arms that used to be centered in theyellow band has been removed; now similar to the flag of Chad, alsoresembles the flags of Andorra and Moldova
Russiathree equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red
Rwandathree horizontal bands of sky blue (top, double width),yellow, and green, with a golden sun with 24 rays near the fly endof the blue band
Saint Helenablue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-sidequadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half ofthe flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-mastedsailing ship
Saint Kitts and Nevisdivided diagonally from the lower hoist sideby a broad black band bearing two white, five-pointed stars; theblack band is edged in yellow; the upper triangle is green, thelower triangle is red
Saint Luciablue, with a gold isosceles triangle below a blackarrowhead; the upper edges of the arrowhead have a white border
Saint Pierre and Miquelona yellow sailing ship facing the hoistside rides on a dark blue background with yellow wavy lines underthe ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into threeparts: the top part (called ikkurina) is red with a green diagonalcross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividingthe rectangle into four sections; the middle part has a whitebackground with an ermine pattern; the third part has a redbackground with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, oneabove the other; these three heraldic arms represent settlement bycolonists from the Basque Country (top), Brittany, and Normandy; theflag of France is used for official occasions
Saint Vincent and the Grenadinesthree vertical bands of blue (hoistside), gold (double width), and green; the gold band bears threegreen diamonds arranged in a V pattern
Samoared with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side quadrantbearing five white five-pointed stars representing the SouthernCross constellation
San Marinotwo equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light bluewith the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coatof arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flankedby a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the wordLIBERTAS (Liberty)
Sao Tome and Principethree horizontal bands of green (top), yellow(double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placedside by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isoscelestriangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-Africancolors of Ethiopia
Saudi Arabiagreen, a traditional color in Islamic flags, with theShahada or Muslim creed in large white Arabic script (translated as"There is no god but God; Muhammad is the Messenger of God") above awhite horizontal saber (the tip points to the hoist side); designdates to the early twentieth century and is closely associated withthe Al Saud family which established the kingdom in 1932
Senegalthree equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow,and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellowband; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
Serbiathree equal horizontal stripes of red (top), blue, and white;charged with the coat of arms of Serbia shifted slightly to thehoist side
Seychellesfive oblique bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, red,white, and green (bottom) radiating from the bottom of the hoist side
Sierra Leonethree equal horizontal bands of light green (top),white, and light blue
Singaporetwo equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; nearthe hoist side of the red band, there is a vertical, white crescent(closed portion is toward the hoist side) partially enclosing fivewhite five-pointed stars arranged in a circle
Slovakiathree equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and redsuperimposed with the coat of arms of Slovakia (consisting of a redshield bordered in white and bearing a white Cross of Lorrainesurmounting three blue hills); the coat of arms is centeredvertically and offset slightly to the hoist side
Sloveniathree equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red,with the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav,Slovenia's highest peak, in white against a blue background at thecenter; beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas andrivers, and above it are three six-pointed stars arranged in aninverted triangle, which are taken from the coat of arms of theCounts of Celje, the great Slovene dynastic house of the late 14thand early 15th centuries); the seal is located in the upper hoistside of the flag centered in the white and blue bands
Solomon Islandsdivided diagonally by a thin yellow stripe from thelower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is bluewith five white five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern; thelower triangle is green
Somalialight blue with a large white five-pointed star in thecenter; blue field influenced by the flag of the UN
South Africatwo equal width horizontal bands of red (top) and blueseparated by a central green band which splits into a horizontal Y,the arms of which end at the corners of the hoist side; the Yembraces a black isosceles triangle from which the arms areseparated by narrow yellow bands; the red and blue bands areseparated from the green band and its arms by narrow white stripes
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islandsblue, with the flag ofthe UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the South Georgia andthe South Sandwich Islands coat of arms centered on the outer halfof the flag; the coat of arms features a shield with a golden lioncentered; the shield is supported by a fur seal on the left and apenguin on the right; a reindeer appears above the shield, and belowit on a scroll is the motto LEO TERRAM PROPRIAM PROTEGAT (Let theLion Protect its Own Land)
Spainthree horizontal bands of red (top), yellow (double width),and red with the national coat of arms on the hoist side of theyellow band; the coat of arms includes the royal seal framed by thePillars of Hercules, which are the two promontories (Gibraltar andCeuta) on either side of the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar
Sri Lankayellow with two panels; the smaller hoist-side panel hastwo equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and orange; the otherpanel is a large dark red rectangle with a yellow lion holding asword, and there is a yellow bo leaf in each corner; the yellowfield appears as a border around the entire flag and extends betweenthe two panels
Sudanthree equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blackwith a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side
Surinamefive horizontal bands of green (top, double width), white,red (quadruple width), white, and green (double width); there is alarge, yellow, five-pointed star centered in the red band
Svalbardthe flag of Norway is used
Swazilandthree horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width),and blue; the red band is edged in yellow; centered in the red bandis a large black and white shield covering two spears and a staffdecorated with feather tassels, all placed horizontally
Swedenblue with a golden yellow cross extending to the edges of theflag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side inthe style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
Switzerlandred square with a bold, equilateral white cross in thecenter that does not extend to the edges of the flag
Syriathree equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black,colors associated with the Arab Liberation flag; two small greenfive-pointed stars in a horizontal line centered in the white band;former flag of the United Arab Republic where the two starsrepresented the constituent states of Syria and Egypt; similar tothe flag of Yemen, which has a plain white band, Iraq, which hasthree green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a horizontal linecentered in the white band, and that of Egypt, which has a goldEagle of Saladin centered in the white band; the current designdates to 1980
Taiwanred with a dark blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side cornerbearing a white sun with 12 triangular rays
Tajikistanthree horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe ofwhite, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold,five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe
Tanzaniadivided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from thelower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is greenand the lower triangle is blue
Thailandfive horizontal bands of red (top), white, blue (doublewidth), white, and red
Togofive equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom)alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a redsquare in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-Africancolors of Ethiopia
Tokelauthe flag of New Zealand is used
Tongared with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upperhoist-side corner
Trinidad and Tobagored with a white-edged black diagonal band fromthe upper hoist side to the lower fly side
Tromelin Islandthe flag of France is used
Tunisiared with a white disk in the center bearing a red crescentnearly encircling a red five-pointed star; the crescent and star aretraditional symbols of Islam
Turkeyred with a vertical white crescent (the closed portion istoward the hoist side) and white five-pointed star centered justoutside the crescent opening
Turkmenistangreen field with a vertical red stripe near the hoistside, containing five tribal guls (designs used in producingcarpets) stacked above two crossed olive branches similar to theolive branches on the UN flag; a white crescent moon representingIslam with five white stars representing the regions or velayats ofTurkmenistan appear in the upper corner of the field just to the flyside of the red stripe
Turks and Caicos Islandsblue, with the flag of the UK in the upperhoist-side quadrant and the colonial shield centered on the outerhalf of the flag; the shield is yellow and contains a conch shell,lobster, and cactus
Tuvalulight blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-sidequadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of the countrywith nine yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine islands
Ugandasix equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red,black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the centerand depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing thehoist side
Ukrainetwo equal horizontal bands of azure (top) and golden yellowrepresent grain fields under a blue sky
United Arab Emiratesthree equal horizontal bands of green (top),white, and black with a wider vertical red band on the hoist side
United Kingdomblue field with the red cross of Saint George (patronsaint of England) edged in white superimposed on the diagonal redcross of Saint Patrick (patron saint of Ireland), which issuperimposed on the diagonal white cross of Saint Andrew (patronsaint of Scotland); properly known as the Union Flag, but commonlycalled the Union Jack; the design and colors (especially the BlueEnsign) have been the basis for a number of other flags includingother Commonwealth countries and their constituent states orprovinces, and British overseas territories
United States13 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom)alternating with white; there is a blue rectangle in the upperhoist-side corner bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed starsarranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top andbottom) alternating with rows of five stars; the 50 stars representthe 50 states, the 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies;known as Old Glory; the design and colors have been the basis for anumber of other flags, including Chile, Liberia, Malaysia, andPuerto Rico
United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refugesthe flag of the US isused
Uruguaynine equal horizontal stripes of white (top and bottom)alternating with blue; there is a white square in the upperhoist-side corner with a yellow sun bearing a human face known asthe Sun of May with 16 rays that alternate between triangular andwavy
Uzbekistanthree equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, andgreen separated by red fimbriations with a white crescent moon and12 white stars in the upper hoist-side quadrant
Vanuatutwo equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with ablack isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) all separated bya black-edged yellow stripe in the shape of a horizontal Y (the twopoints of the Y face the hoist side and enclose the triangle);centered in the triangle is a boar's tusk encircling two crossednamele leaves, all in yellow
Venezuelathree equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), blue, andred with the coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band andan arc of eight white five-pointed stars centered in the blue band
Vietnamred with a large yellow five-pointed star in the center
Virgin Islandswhite, with a modified US coat of arms in the centerbetween the large blue initials V and I; the coat of arms shows ayellow eagle holding an olive branch in one talon and three arrowsin the other with a superimposed shield of vertical red and whitestripes below a blue panel
Wake Islandthe flag of the US is used
Wallis and Futunaunofficial, local flag has a red field with fourwhite isosceles triangles in the middle, representing the threenative kings of the islands and the French administrator; the apexesof the triangles are oriented inward and at right angles to eachother; the flag of France, outlined in white on two sides, is in theupper hoist quadrant; the flag of France is the only official flag
Yementhree equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black;similar to the flag of Syria, which has two green stars, and ofIraq, which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription), in ahorizontal line centered in the white band; also similar to the flagof Egypt, which has a heraldic eagle centered in the white band
Zambiagreen with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoistside), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outeredge of the flag
Zimbabweseven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black,red, yellow, and green with a white isosceles triangle edged inblack with its base on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe birdrepresenting the long history of the country is superimposed on ared five-pointed star in the center of the triangle, whichsymbolizes peace; green symbolizes agriculture, yellow - mineralwealth, red - blood shed to achieve independence, and black standsfor the native people
This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006
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@2085 Roadways (km)
Afghanistantotal: 34,789 kmpaved: 8,231 kmunpaved: 26,558 km (2003)
Albaniatotal: 18,000 kmpaved: 7,020 kmunpaved: 10,980 km (2002)
Algeriatotal: 104,000 kmpaved: 71,656 kmunpaved: 32,344 km (1999)
American Samoatotal: 185 km (2004)
Andorratotal: 269 kmpaved: 198 kmunpaved: 71 km
Angolatotal: 51,429 kmpaved: 5,349 kmunpaved: 46,080 km (2001)
Anguillatotal: 105 kmpaved: 65 kmunpaved: 40 km (2002)
Antigua and Barbudatotal: 1,165 kmpaved: 384 kmunpaved: 781 km (2002)
Argentinatotal: 229,144 kmpaved: 68,809 km (including 734 km of expressways)unpaved: 160,335 km (2004)
Armeniatotal: 7,633 kmpaved: 7,633 km (includes 1,561 km of expressways) (2003)
Arubatotal: 800 kmpaved: 513 kmunpaved: 287 km
Australiatotal: 810,641 kmpaved: 336,962 kmunpaved: 473,679 km (2004)
Austriatotal: 133,718 kmpaved: 133,718 km (including 1,677 km of expressways) (2003)
Azerbaijantotal: 27,016 kmpaved: 12,698 km (including 128 km of expressways)unpaved: 14,318 km (2003)
Bahamas, Thetotal: 2,693 kmpaved: 1,546 kmunpaved: 1,147 km (1999)
Bahraintotal: 3,498 kmpaved: 2,768 kmunpaved: 730 km (2003)
Bangladeshtotal: 239,226 kmpaved: 22,726 kmunpaved: 216,500 km (2003)
Barbadostotal: 1,600 kmpaved: 1,600 km (2003)
Belarustotal: 93,055 kmpaved: 93,055 km (2003)
Belgiumtotal: 149,757 kmpaved: 117,110 km (including 1,747 km of expressways)unpaved: 32,647 km (2003)
Belizetotal: 2,872 kmpaved: 488 kmunpaved: 2,384 km (1999)
Benintotal: 16,000 kmpaved: 1,400 kmunpaved: 14,600 km (2005)
Bermudatotal: 447 kmpaved: 447 kmnote: public roads - 225 km; private roads - 222 km (2002)
Bhutantotal: 8,050 kmpaved: 4,991 kmunpaved: 3,059 km (2003)
Boliviatotal: 60,762 kmpaved: 4,314 km (including 11 km of expressways)unpaved: 56,448 km (2003)
Bosnia and Herzegovinatotal: 21,846 kmpaved: 11,425 km (4,686 km of interurban roads)unpaved: 10,421 km (2005)
Botswanatotal: 25,233 kmpaved: 8,867 kmunpaved: 16,366 km (2003)
Braziltotal: 1,724,929 kmpaved: 94,871 kmunpaved: 1,630,058 km (2000)
British Indian Ocean Territorytotal: NApaved: short section of paved road between port and airfield onDiego Garcia
British Virgin Islandstotal: 177 kmpaved: 177 km (2002)
Bruneitotal: 2,525 kmpaved: 2,338 kmunpaved: 187 km (2000)
Bulgariatotal: 102,016 kmpaved: 93,855 km (including 328 km of expressways)unpaved: 8,161 km (2003)
Burkina Fasototal: 12,506 kmpaved: 2,001 kmunpaved: 10,505 km (1999)
Burmatotal: 27,000 kmpaved: 3,200 kmunpaved: 23,800 km (2005)
Burunditotal: 14,480 kmpaved: 1,028 kmunpaved: 13,452 km (1999)
Cambodiatotal: 12,323 kmpaved: 1,996 kmunpaved: 10,327 km (2000)
Cameroontotal: 80,932 kmpaved: 5,398 kmunpaved: 75,534 km (2002)
Canadatotal: 1,042,300 kmpaved: 415,600 km (including 17,000 km of expressways)unpaved: 626,700 km (2005)
Cape Verdetotal: 1,350 kmpaved: 932 kmunpaved: 418 km (2000)
Cayman Islands total: 785 km paved: 785 km (2002)
Central African Republictotal: 23,810 km (1999)
Chadtotal: 33,400 kmpaved: 267 kmunpaved: 33,133 km (1999)
Chiletotal: 79,605 kmpaved: 16,080 km (including 407 km of expressways)unpaved: 63,525 km (2001)
Chinatotal: 1,809,829 kmpaved: 1,447,682 km (with at least 29,745 km of expressways)unpaved: 362,147 km (2003)
Christmas Islandtotal: 142 kmpaved: 32 kmunpaved: 110 km (2006)
Cocos (Keeling) Islandstotal: 22 kmpaved: 10 kmunpaved: 12 km (2006)
Colombiatotal: 110,000 kmpaved: 26,000 kmunpaved: 84,000 km (2000)
Comorostotal: 880 kmpaved: 673 kmunpaved: 207 km (1999)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the total: 157,000 km (including 30 km of expressways) (1999)
Congo, Republic of thetotal: 12,800 kmpaved: 1,242 kmunpaved: 11,558 km (1999)
Cook Islandstotal: 320 kmpaved: 33 kmunpaved: 287 km (2003)
Costa Ricatotal: 35,889 kmpaved: 8,075 kmunpaved: 27,814 km (2003)
Cote d'Ivoiretotal: 80,000 kmpaved: 6,500 kmunpaved: 73,500 kmnote: includes intercity and urban roads; another 20,000 km of dirtroads are in poor condition and 150,000 km of dirt roads areimpassable (2006)
Croatiatotal: 28,344 kmpaved: 24,186 km (including 742 km of expressways)unpaved: 4,158 km (2004)
Cubatotal: 60,858 kmpaved: 29,820 km (including 638 km of expressway)unpaved: 31,038 km (1999)
Cyprustotal: 14,496 km (Republic of Cyprus: 12,146 km; northCyprus: 2,350 km)paved: Republic of Cyprus: 7,845 km (including 276 km ofexpressways); north Cyprus: 1,370 kmunpaved: Republic of Cyprus: 4,301 km; north Cyprus: 980 km(2005/1996 est.)
Czech Republictotal: 127,747 kmpaved: 127,747 km (including 518 km of expressways) (2003)
Denmarktotal: 72,257 kmpaved: 72,257 km (including 1,032 km of expressways) (2005)
Djiboutitotal: 2,890 kmpaved: 364 kmunpaved: 2,526 km (1999)
Dominicatotal: 780 kmpaved: 393 kmunpaved: 387 km (1999)
Dominican Republictotal: 12,600 kmpaved: 6,224 kmunpaved: 6,376 km (1999)
East Timortotal: 5,000 kmpaved: 2,500 kmunpaved: 2,500 km (2005)
Ecuadortotal: 43,197 kmpaved: 7,287 kmunpaved: 35,910 km (2003)
Egypttotal: 64,000 kmpaved: 49,984 kmunpaved: 14,016 km (1999)
El Salvadortotal: 10,029 kmpaved: 1,986 kmunpaved: 8,043 km (1999)
Equatorial Guineatotal: 2,880 km (1999)
Eritreatotal: 4,010 kmpaved: 874 kmunpaved: 3,136 km (1999)
Estoniatotal: 56,849 kmpaved: 13,303 km (including 99 km of expressways)unpaved: 45,546 km (2003)
Ethiopiatotal: 33,856 kmpaved: 4,367 kmunpaved: 29,489 km (2003)
European Union total: 4,634,810 km (including 56,704 km of expressways) paved: 4,161,318 km unpaved: 473,492 km (1999-2000)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) total: 440 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 390 km (2003)
Faroe Islands total: 458 km note: no roads between towns (2003)
Fijitotal: 3,440 kmpaved: 1,692 kmunpaved: 1,748 km (1999)
Finlandtotal: 78,189 kmpaved: 50,633 km (including 653 km of expressways)unpaved: 27,556 km (2006)
Francetotal: 891,290 kmpaved: 891,290 km (including 10,390 km of expressways) (2003)
French Guianatotal: 817 km (1998)
French Polynesiatotal: 2,590 kmpaved: 1,735 kmunpaved: 855 km (1999)
Gabontotal: 32,333 kmpaved: 6,247 kmunpaved: 26,086 km (2003)
Gambia, Thetotal: 3,742 kmpaved: 723 kmunpaved: 3,019 km (2003)
Gaza Stripnote: see entry for West Bank
Georgia total: 20,247 km paved: 7,973 km unpaved: 12,274 km (2003)
Germany total: 231,581 km paved: 231,581 km (including 12,200 km of expressways) (2005)
Ghanatotal: 42,623 kmpaved: 3,267 kmunpaved: 39,356 km (2004)
Gibraltartotal: 29 kmpaved: 29 km (2002)
Greecetotal: 116,470 kmpaved: 106,920 km (including 880 km of expressways)unpaved: 9,550 km (1999)
Greenlandtotal: NAnote: while there are short roads in towns, there are no roadsbetween towns; inter-town transport takes place either by sea or air(2005)
Grenada total: 1,127 km paved: 687 km unpaved: 440 km (1999)
Guadeloupetotal: 947 km (2002)
Guamtotal: 977 km (2004)
Guatemalatotal: 14,095 kmpaved: 4,863 km (including 75 km of expressways)unpaved: 9,232 km (1999)
Guernseytotal: NA
Guineatotal: 44,348 kmpaved: 4,342 kmunpaved: 40,006 km (2003)
Guinea-Bissautotal: 4,400 kmpaved: 453 kmunpaved: 3,947 km (1999)
Guyanatotal: 7,970 kmpaved: 590 kmunpaved: 7,380 km (1999)
Haititotal: 4,160 kmpaved: 1,011 kmunpaved: 3,149 km (1999)
Hondurastotal: 13,603 kmpaved: 2,775 kmunpaved: 10,828 km (1999)
Hong Kongtotal: 1,955 kmpaved: 1,955 km (2005)
Hungarytotal: 159,568 kmpaved: 70,050 km (30,874 km of interurban roads including 626 km ofexpressways)unpaved: 89,518 km (2005)
Icelandtotal: 13,028 kmpaved/oiled gravel: 4,241 km (does not include urban roads)unpaved: 8,787 km (2005)
Indiatotal: 3,851,440 kmpaved: 2,411,001 kmunpaved: 1,440,439 km (2002)
Indonesiatotal: 368,360 kmpaved: 213,649 kmunpaved: 154,711 km (2002)
Irantotal: 178,152 kmpaved: 118,115 km (including 751 km of expressways)unpaved: 60,037 km (2002)
Iraqtotal: 45,550 kmpaved: 38,399 kmunpaved: 7,151 km (1999)
Irelandtotal: 95,736 kmpaved: 95,736 km (including 125 km of expressways) (2002)
Isle of Mantotal: 800 kmpaved: 800 km (1999)
Israeltotal: 17,364 kmpaved: 17,364 km (including 126 km of expressways) (2004)
Italytotal: 479,688 kmpaved: 479,688 km (including 6,478 km of expressways) (2004)
Jamaicatotal: 18,700 kmpaved: 13,009 kmunpaved: 5,610 km (1999)
Japantotal: 1.183 million kmpaved: 925,000 km (including 6,946 km of expressways)unpaved: 258,000 km (2003)
Jerseytotal: 577 km
Jordan total: 7,364 km paved: 7,364 km (2003)
Kazakhstan total: 258,029 km paved: 247,347 km unpaved: 10,682 km (2003)
Kenyatotal: 63,000 km (interurban roads)paved: 7,623 kmunpaved: 55,377 kmnote: there also are 100,000 km of rural roads and 14,500 km ofurban roads for a national total of 177,500 km (2004)
Kiribatitotal: 670 km (1999)
Korea, Northtotal: 31,200 kmpaved: 1,997 kmunpaved: 29,203 km (1999 est.)
Korea, Southtotal: 97,252 kmpaved: 74,641 km (including 3,060 km of expressways)unpaved: 22,611 km (2004)
Kuwaittotal: 4,450 kmpaved: 3,587 kmunpaved: 863 km (1999)
Kyrgyzstantotal: 18,500 kmpaved: 16,854 kmunpaved: 1,646 km (1999)
Laostotal: 32,620 kmpaved: 4,590 kmunpaved: 28,030 km (2002)
Latvia total: 69,919 km paved: 69,919 km (2003)
Lebanontotal: 7,300 kmpaved: 6,198 kmunpaved: 1,102 km (1999)
Lesothototal: 5,940 kmpaved: 1,087 kmunpaved: 4,853 km (1999)
Liberiatotal: 10,600 kmpaved: 657 kmunpaved: 9,943 km (1999)
Libyatotal: 83,200 kmpaved: 47,590 kmunpaved: 35,610 km (1999)
Liechtensteintotal: 380 kmpaved: 380 km (2006)
Lithuaniatotal: 79,497 kmpaved: 70,549 km (including 417 km of expressways)unpaved: 8,948 km (2005)
Luxembourgtotal: 5,210 kmpaved: 5,210 km (including 147 km of expressways) (2002)
Macautotal: 368 kmpaved: 368 km (2005)
Macedoniatotal: 8,684 kmpaved: 5,540 kmunpaved: 3,144 km (1999)
Madagascartotal: 49,827 kmpaved: 5,780 kmunpaved: 44,047 km (1999)
Malawitotal: 28,400 kmpaved: 5,254 kmunpaved: 23,146 km (1999)
Malaysiatotal: 71,814 kmpaved: 55,943 kmunpaved: 15,871 km (2001)
Maldivestotal: 88 kmpaved roads: 88 km - 60 km in Male; 14 km on Addu Atolis; 14 km onLaamunote: village roads are mainly compacted coral (2006)
Malitotal: 15,100 kmpaved: 1,827 kmunpaved: 13,273 km (1999)
Maltatotal: 2,227 kmpaved: 2,014 kmunpaved: 213 km (2004)
Marshall Islands total: 64.5 km paved: 64.5 km note: paved roads on major islands (Majuro, Kwajalein), otherwise stone-, coral-, or laterite-surfaced roads and tracks (2002)
Martinique total: 2,105 km (including 261 km of expressways) (2000)
Mauritania total: 7,660 km paved: 866 km unpaved: 6,794 km (1999)
Mauritius total: 2,020 km paved: 2,020 km (including 75 km of expressways) (2005)
Mayottetotal: 93 kmpaved: 72 kmunpaved: 21 km
Mexicototal: 349,038 kmpaved: 116,928 km (including 6,979 km of expressways)unpaved: 232,110 km (2003)
Micronesia, Federated States oftotal: 240 kmpaved: 42 kmunpaved: 198 km (1999)
Midway Islandstotal: NA
Moldovatotal: 12,730 kmpaved: 10,973 kmunpaved: 1,757 km (2003)
Monaco total: 50 km paved: 50 km (1999)
Mongoliatotal: 49,250 kmpaved: 1,724 kmunpaved: 47,526 km (2002)
Montenegrototal: 7,353 kmpaved: 4,274 kmunpaved: 3,079 km (2005)
Montserrattotal: 227 kmnote: volcanic eruptions that began in 1995 destroyed most of theroad system (2003)
Moroccototal: 57,694 kmpaved: 32,551 km (including 417 km of expressways)unpaved: 25,143 km (2002)
Mozambiquetotal: 30,400 kmpaved: 5,685 kmunpaved: 24,715 km (1999)
Namibiatotal: 42,237 kmpaved: 5,406 kmunpaved: 36,831 km (2002)
Naurutotal: 30 kmpaved: 24 kmunpaved: 6 km (1999 est.)
Nepaltotal: 15,905 kmpaved: 8,573 kmunpaved: 7,332 km (2003)
Netherlandstotal: 134,000 km (including 3,270 km of expressways)(2004)
New Caledoniatotal: 5,432 km (2000)
New Zealandtotal: 92,662 kmpaved: 59,109 km (including 169 km of expressways)unpaved: 33,553 km (2003)
Nicaraguatotal: 19,036 kmpaved: 2,299 kmunpaved: 16,737 km (2005)
Nigertotal: 10,100 kmpaved: 798 kmunpaved: 9,302 km (1999)
Nigeriatotal: 194,394 kmpaved: 60,068 kmunpaved: 134,326 km (1999)
Niuetotal: 234 kmpaved: 86 kmunpaved: 148 km (2001)
Norfolk Islandtotal: 80 kmpaved: 53 kmunpaved: 27 km (2002)
Northern Mariana Islandstotal: 536 km (2004)
Norwaytotal: 92,513 kmpaved: 71,832 km (including 664 km of expressways)unpaved: 20,681 km (2005)
Omantotal: 34,965 kmpaved: 9,673 km (including 550 km of expressways)unpaved: 25,292 km (2001)
Pakistantotal: 255,856 kmpaved: 157,975 km (including 367 km of expressways)unpaved: 97,881 km (2004)
Palautotal: 61 kmpaved: 36 kmunpaved: 25 km
Panamatotal: 11,643 kmpaved: 4,028 kmunpaved: 7,615 km (2000)
Papua New Guineatotal: 19,600 kmpaved: 686 kmunpaved: 18,914 km (1999)
Paraguaytotal: 29,500 kmpaved: 14,986 kmunpaved: 14,514 km (1999)
Perutotal: 78,672 kmpaved: 10,314 km (including 276 km of expressways)unpaved: 68,358 km (2003)
Philippinestotal: 200,037 kmpaved: 19,804 kmunpaved: 180,233 km (2003)
Pitcairn Islandstotal: 6 kmunpaved: 6 km (dirt roads)
Polandtotal: 423,997 kmpaved: 295,356 km (including 405 km of expressways)unpaved: 128,641 km (2004)
Portugaltotal: 72,600 kmpaved: 62,436 km (including 1,700 km of expressways)unpaved: 10,164 km (2002)
Puerto Ricototal: 25,645 kmpaved: 24,363 km (including 426 km of expressways)unpaved: 1,282 km (2004)
Qatartotal: 1,230 kmpaved: 1,107 kmunpaved: 123 km (1999)
Reuniontotal: 1,214 km (including 88 km of four-lane roads) (2001)
Romaniatotal: 198,817 kmpaved: 60,043 km (including 228 km of expressways)unpaved: 138,774 km (2003)
Russiatotal: 871,000 kmpaved: 738,000 km (including 29,000 km of expressways)unpaved: 133,000 kmnote: includes public and departmental roads (2004)
Rwandatotal: 12,000 kmpaved: 996 kmunpaved: 11,004 km (1999)
Saint Helenatotal: 198 km (Saint Helena 138 km, Ascension 40 km,Tristan da Cunha 20 km)paved: 168 km (Saint Helena 118km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha10 km)unpaved: 30 km (Saint Helena 20 km, Ascension 0 km, Tristan da Cunha10 km) (2002)
Saint Kitts and Nevistotal: 320 kmpaved: 138 kmunpaved: 182 km (1999 est)
Saint Luciatotal: 910 kmpaved: 48 kmunpaved: 862 km (2000)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadinestotal: 829 kmpaved: 580 kmunpaved: 249 km (2003)
Samoatotal: 790 kmpaved: 332 kmunpaved: 458 km (1999)
San Marino total: 104 km paved: 104 km (2003)
Sao Tome and Principetotal: 320 kmpaved: 218 kmunpaved: 102 km (1999)
Saudi Arabiatotal: 152,044 kmpaved: 45,461 kmunpaved: 106,583 km (2000)
Senegaltotal: 13,576 kmpaved: 3,972 km (including 7 km of expressways)unpaved: 9,604 km (2003)
Serbiatotal: 37,887 kmpaved: 23,937 kmunpaved: 13,950 km (2002)
Seychellestotal: 458 kmpaved: 440 kmunpaved: 18 km (2003)
Sierra Leonetotal: 11,300 kmpaved: 904 kmunpaved: 10,396 km (2002)
Singaporetotal: 3,234 kmpaved: 3,234 km (including 150 km of expressways) (2005)
Slovakiatotal: 42,993 kmpaved: 37,533 km (including 316 km of expressways)unpaved: 5,460 km (2003)
Slovenia total: 38,400 km paved: 38,400 km (including 477 km of expressways) (2003)
Solomon Islandstotal: 1,360 kmpaved: 34 kmunpaved: 1,326 km (1999)
Somaliatotal: 22,100 kmpaved: 2,608 kmunpaved: 19,492 km (1999)
South Africatotal: 362,099 kmpaved: 73,506 kmunpaved: 288,593 km (2002)
Spaintotal: 666,292 kmpaved: 659,629 km (including 12,009 km of expressways)unpaved: 6,663 km (2003)
Sri Lankatotal: 97,287 kmpaved: 78,802 kmunpaved: 18,485 km (2003)
Sudantotal: 11,900 kmpaved: 4,320 kmunpaved: 7,580 km (1999)
Surinametotal: 4,492 kmpaved: 1,168 kmunpaved: 3,324 km (2002)
Swazilandtotal: 3,594 kmpaved: 1,078 kmunpaved: 2,516 km (2002)
Swedentotal: 424,981 kmpaved: 132,339 km (including 1,544 km of expressways)unpaved: 292,642 km (2003)
Switzerlandtotal: 71,297 kmpaved: 71,297 km (including 1,726 of expressways) (2004)
Syriatotal: 91,795 kmpaved: 18,451 kmunpaved: 73,344 km (2003)
Taiwantotal: 37,299 kmpaved: 35,621 km (including 1,789 km of expressways)unpaved: 1,678 km (2002)
Tajikistantotal: 27,767 km (2000)
Tanzaniatotal: 78,891 kmpaved: 6,808 kmunpaved: 72,083 km (2003)
Thailandtotal: 57,403 kmpaved: 56,542 kmunpaved: 861 km (2000)
Togototal: 7,520 kmpaved: 2,376 kmunpaved: 5,144 km (1999)
Tongatotal: 680 kmpaved: 184 kmunpaved: 496 km (1999)
Trinidad and Tobagototal: 8,320 kmpaved: 4,252 kmunpaved: 4,068 km (1999)
Tunisiatotal: 18,997 kmpaved: 12,424 km (including 142 km of expressways)unpaved: 6,573 km (2001)
Turkeytotal: 347,553 kmpaved: 154,807 km (including 1,886 km of expressways)unpaved: 192,747 km (2004)
Turkmenistantotal: 24,000 kmpaved: 19,488 kmunpaved: 4,512 km (1999)
Turks and Caicos Islandstotal: 121 kmpaved: 24 kmunpaved: 97 km (2003)
Tuvalutotal: 8 kmpaved: 8 km (2002)
Ugandatotal: 70,746 kmpaved: 16,272 kmunpaved: 54,474 km (2003)
Ukrainetotal: 169,447 kmpaved: 164,772 km (including 15 km of expressways)unpaved: 4,675 km (2004)
United Arab Emiratestotal: 1,088 kmpaved: 1,088 km (including 253 km of expressways) (1999)
United Kingdomtotal: 387,674 kmpaved: 387,674 km (including 3,523 km of expressways) (2004)
United Statestotal: 6,407,637 kmpaved: 4,164,964 km (including 74,950 km of expressways)unpaved: 2,242,673 km (2004)
Uruguaytotal: 77,732 kmpaved: 7,743 kmunpaved: 69,989 km (2004)
Uzbekistantotal: 81,600 kmpaved: 71,237 kmunpaved: 10,363 km (1999)
Vanuatutotal: 1,070 kmpaved: 256 kmunpaved: 814 km (1999)
Venezuelatotal: 96,155 kmpaved: 32,308 kmunpaved: 63,847 km (1999)
Vietnamtotal: 222,179 kmpaved: 42,167 kmunpaved: 180,012 km (2004)
Virgin Islandstotal: 1,257 km (2004)
West Banktotal: 4,158 kmpaved: 4,158 kmnote: includes Gaza Strip (2003)
Worldtotal: 32,345,165 kmpaved: 19,403,061 kmunpaved: 12,942,104 km (2002)
Yementotal: 71,300 kmpaved: 6,200 kmunpaved: 65,100 km (2005)
Zambiatotal: 91,440 kmpaved: 20,117 kmunpaved: 71,323 km (2001)
Zimbabwetotal: 97,440 kmpaved: 18,514 kmunpaved: 78,926 km (2002)
This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006
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@2086 Illicit drugs
Afghanistanworld's largest producer of opium; cultivation dropped48% to 107,400 hectares in 2005; better weather and lack ofwidespread disease returned opium yields to normal levels, meaningpotential opium production declined by only 10% to 4,475 metrictons; if the entire poppy crop were processed, it is estimated that526 metric tons of heroin could be processed; source of hashish;many narcotics-processing labs throughout the country; drug tradesource of instability and some antigovernment groups profit from thetrade; 80-90% of the heroin consumed in Europe comes from Afghanopium; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering through informalfinancial networks
Albaniaincreasingly active transshipment point for Southwest Asianopiates, hashish, and cannabis transiting the Balkan route and - toa far lesser extent - cocaine from South America destined forWestern Europe; limited opium and growing cannabis production;ethnic Albanian narcotrafficking organizations active and expandingin Europe; vulnerable to money laundering associated with regionaltrafficking in narcotics, arms, contraband, and illegal aliens
Angolaused as a transshipment point for cocaine destined forWestern Europe and other African states
Anguillatransshipment point for South American narcotics destinedfor the US and Europe
Antigua and Barbudaconsidered a minor transshipment point fornarcotics bound for the US and Europe; more significant as anoffshore financial center
Argentinaused as a transshipment country for cocaine headed forEurope; some money-laundering activity, especially in the Tri-BorderArea; domestic consumption of drugs in urban centers is increasing
Armeniaillicit cultivation of small amount of cannabis for domesticconsumption; minor transit point for illicit drugs - mostly opiumand hashish - moving from Southwest Asia to Russia and to a lesserextent the rest of Europe
Arubatransit point for US- and Europe-bound narcotics with someaccompanying money-laundering activity
AustraliaTasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licitopiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas ofopium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate
Austriatransshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and SouthAmerican cocaine destined for Western Europe
Azerbaijanlimited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy,mostly for CIS consumption; small government eradication program;transit point for Southwest Asian opiates bound for Russia and to alesser extent the rest of Europe
Bahamas, Thetransshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound forUS and Europe; offshore financial center
Bangladeshtransit country for illegal drugs produced in neighboringcountries
Barbadosone of many Caribbean transshipment points for narcoticsbound for Europe and the US; offshore financial center
Belaruslimited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly forthe domestic market; transshipment point for illicit drugs to andvia Russia, and to the Baltics and Western Europe; a small andlightly regulated financial center; new anti-money-launderinglegislation does not meet international standards; fewinvestigations or prosecutions of money-laundering activities
Belgiumgrowing producer of synthetic drugs; transit point forUS-bound ecstasy; source of precursor chemicals for South Americancocaine processors; transshipment point for cocaine, heroin,hashish, and marijuana entering Western Europe; despite astrengthening of legislation, the country remains vulnerable tomoney laundering related to narcotics, automobiles, alcohol, andtobacco
Belizetransshipment point for cocaine; small-scale illicit producerof cannabis for the international drug trade; money-launderingactivity related to narcotics trafficking and offshore sector
Benintransshipment point for narcotics associated with Nigeriantrafficking organizations and most commonly destined for WesternEurope and the US; vulnerable to money laundering due to a poorlyregulated financial infrastructure
Boliviaworld's third-largest cultivator of coca (after Colombia andPeru) with an estimated 26,500 hectares under cultivation in August2005, an 8% increase from 2004; intermediate coca products andcocaine exported mostly to or through Brazil, Argentina, and Chileto European drug markets; cultivation steadily increasing despiteeradication and alternative crop programs; money-laundering activityrelated to narcotics trade, especially along the borders with Braziland Paraguay
Bosnia and Herzegovinaminor transit point for marijuana and opiatetrafficking routes to Western Europe; remains highly vulnerable tomoney-laundering activity given a primarily cash-based andunregulated economy, weak law enforcement, and instances ofcorruption
Brazilillicit producer of cannabis; trace amounts of cocacultivation in the Amazon region, used for domestic consumption;government has a large-scale eradication program to controlcannabis; important transshipment country for Bolivian, Colombian,and Peruvian cocaine headed for Europe; also used by traffickers asa way station for narcotics air transshipments between Peru andColombia; upsurge in drug-related violence and weapons smuggling;important market for Colombian, Bolivian, and Peruvian cocaine;illicit narcotics proceeds earned in Brazil are often launderedthrough the financial system; significant illicit financial activityin the Tri-Border Area
British Virgin Islandstransshipment point for South Americannarcotics destined for the US and Europe; large offshore financialcenter makes it vulnerable to money laundering
Bruneidrug trafficking and illegally importing controlledsubstances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatorydeath penalty
Bulgariamajor European transshipment point for Southwest Asianheroin and, to a lesser degree, South American cocaine for theEuropean market; limited producer of precursor chemicals; some moneylaundering of drug-related proceeds through financial institutions
Burmaremains world's second largest producer of illicit opium(estimated production in 2004 - 292 metric tons, down 40% from 2003due to eradication efforts and drought; cultivation in 2004 - 30,900hectares, a 34% decline from 2003); lack of government will to takeon major narcotrafficking groups and lack of serious commitmentagainst money laundering continues to hinder the overall antidrugeffort; major source of methamphetamine and heroin for regionalconsumption; currently under Financial Action Task Forcecountermeasures due to continued failure to address its inadequatemoney-laundering controls (2005)
Cambodianarcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some inthe government, military, and police; possible small-scale heroinand methamphetamine production; vulnerable to money laundering dueto its cash-based economy and porous borders
Canadaillicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market andexport to US; use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plantlarge quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; transit pointfor ecstasy entering the US market; vulnerable to narcotics moneylaundering because of its mature financial services sector
Cape Verdeused as a transshipment point for illicit drugs movingfrom Latin America and Asia destined for Western Europe; the lack ofa well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as amoney-laundering center
Cayman Islandsoffshore financial center; vulnerable to drugtransshipment to the US and Europe
Chileimportant transshipment country for cocaine destined forEurope; economic prosperity and increasing trade have made Chilemore attractive to traffickers seeking to launder drug profits,especially through the Iquique Free Trade Zone, but a newanti-money-laundering law improves controls; imported precursorspassed on to Bolivia; domestic cocaine consumption is rising
Chinamajor transshipment point for heroin produced in the GoldenTriangle; growing domestic drug abuse problem; source country forchemical precursors and methamphetamine
Colombiaillicit producer of coca, opium poppy, and cannabis;world's leading coca cultivator (cultivation of coca in 2004 was114,100 hectares, virtually unchanged from 2003, but down one-thirdfrom its peak of 169,800 ha); producing a potential of 430 mt ofpure cocaine; the world's largest producer of coca derivatives;supplying most of the US market and the great majority of cocaine toother international drug markets; important supplier of heroin tothe US market; opium poppy cultivation fell 50% between 2003 and2004 to 2,100 hectares yielding a potential 3.8 metric tons of pureheroin, mostly for the US market; in 2004, aerial eradicationtreated over 130,000 hectares of coca but aggressive replanting onthe part of growers means Colombia remains a key producer; asignificant portion of non-US narcotics proceeds are eitherlaundered or invested in Colombia through the black market pesoexchange
Congo, Democratic Republic of the illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for domestic consumption; while rampant corruption and inadequate supervision leaves the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center
Costa Ricatransshipment country for cocaine and heroin from SouthAmerica; illicit production of cannabis on small, scattered plots;domestic cocaine consumption, particularly crack cocaine, is rising
Cote d'Ivoireillicit producer of cannabis, mostly for localconsumption; transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asianheroin to Europe and occasionally to the US, and for Latin Americancocaine destined for Europe and South Africa; while rampantcorruption and inadequate supervision leave the banking systemvulnerable to money laundering, the lack of a developed financialsystem limits the country's utility as a major money-launderingcenter
Croatiatransit point along the Balkan route for Southwest Asianheroin to Western Europe; has been used as a transit point formaritime shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe
Cubaterritorial waters and air space serve as transshipment zonefor US and European-bound drugs; established the death penalty forcertain drug-related crimes in 1999
Cyprusminor transit point for heroin and hashish via air routes andcontainer traffic to Europe, especially from Lebanon and Turkey;some cocaine transits as well; despite a strengthening ofanti-money-laundering legislation, remains vulnerable to moneylaundering; reporting of suspicious transactions in offshore sectorremains weak
Czech Republictransshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin andminor transit point for Latin American cocaine to Western Europe;producer of synthetic drugs for local and regional markets;susceptible to money laundering related to drug trafficking,organized crime
Dominicatransshipment point for narcotics bound for the US andEurope; minor cannabis producer; anti-money-laundering enforcementis weak, making the country particularly vulnerable to moneylaundering
Dominican Republictransshipment point for South American drugsdestined for the US and Europe; has become a transshipment point forecstasy from the Netherlands and Belgium destined for US and Canada;substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcoticstraffickers favor the Dominican Republic for illicit financialtransactions
East TimorNA
Ecuadorsignificant transit country for cocaine originating inColombia and Peru; importer of precursor chemicals used inproduction of illicit narcotics; attractive location forcash-placement by drug traffickers laundering money because ofdollarization and weak anti-money-laundering regime; increasedactivity on the northern frontier by trafficking groups andColombian insurgents
Egypttransit point for Southwest Asian and Southeast Asian heroinand opium moving to Europe, Africa, and the US; transit stop forNigerian couriers; concern as money-laundering site due to laxenforcement of financial regulations
El Salvadortransshipment point for cocaine; small amounts ofmarijuana produced for local consumption; domestic cocaine abuse onthe rise
Estoniatransshipment point for opiates and cannabis from SouthwestAsia and the Caucasus via Russia, cocaine from Latin America toWestern Europe and Scandinavia, and synthetic drugs from WesternEurope to Scandinavia; increasing domestic drug abuse problem;possible precursor manufacturing and/or trafficking; potential moneylaundering related to organized crime and drug trafficking is aconcern, as is possible use of the gambling sector to launder funds
Ethiopiatransit hub for heroin originating in Southwest andSoutheast Asia and destined for Europe and North America, as well ascocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat(khat) for local use and regional export, principally to Djiboutiand Somalia (legal in all three countries); the lack of awell-developed financial system limits the country's utility as amoney-laundering center
Francetransshipment point for and consumer of South Americancocaine, Southwest Asian heroin, and European synthetics
French Guianasmall amount of marijuana grown for local consumption;minor transshipment point to Europe
Georgialimited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly fordomestic consumption; used as transshipment point for opiates viaCentral Asia to Western Europe and Russia
Germanysource of precursor chemicals for South American cocaineprocessors; transshipment point for and consumer of Southwest Asianheroin, Latin American cocaine, and European-produced syntheticdrugs; major financial center