AngolaLiberal Democratic Party or PLD [Analia de Victoria PEREIRA];National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [disputedleadership: Lucas NGONDA, Holden ROBERTO]; National Union for theTotal Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA] (largestopposition party); Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola orMPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS] (ruling party in power since 1975);Social Renewal Party or PRS [disputed leadership: Eduardo KUANGANA,Antonio MUACHICUNGO]note: about a dozen minor parties participated in the 1992 electionsbut only won a few seats; they and the other 115 smaller partieshave little influence in the National Assembly
AnguillaAnguilla United Movement or AUM [Hubert HUGHES]; TheAnguilla United Front or AUF [Osbourne FLEMING, Victor BANKS], acoalition of the Anguilla Democratic Party or ADP and the AnguillaNational Alliance or ANA; Anguilla Progressive Party or APP [RoyROGERS]; Anguilla Strategic Alternative or ANSA [Edison BAIRD]
Antigua and BarbudaAntigua Labor Party or ALP [Lester Bryant BIRD];Barbuda People's Movement or BPM [Thomas H. FRANK]; NationalDemocratic Congress [Tillman THOMAS]; United Progressive Party orUPP [Baldwin SPENCER] (a coalition of three opposition parties -Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement or ACLM, Progressive LaborMovement or PLM, United National Democratic Party or UNDP)
ArgentinaAlternative for a Republic of Equals or ARI [ElisaCARRIO]; Front for Victory or FV [Nestor KIRCHNER]; InterbloqueFederal or IF (a broad coalition of approximately 12 partiesincluding RECREAR); Justicialist Front or FJ [Eduardo DUHALDE];Justicialist Party or PJ (Peronist umbrella political organization);Radical Civic Union or UCR [Roberto IGLESIAS]; Republican InitiativeAlliance or PRO (including Federal Recreate Movement or RECREAR[Ricardo LOPEZ MURPHY] and Commitment for Change or CPC [MauricioMACRI]); Socialist Party or PS [Ruben GIUSTINIANI]; Union For All[Patricia BULLRICH]; several provincial parties
ArmeniaAgro-Industrial Party [Vladimir BADALYAN]; Armenia Party[Myasnik MALKHASYAN]; Armenian National Movement or ANM [AlexARZUMANYAN, chairman]; Armenian Ramkavar Liberal Party or HRAK[Harutyun MIRZAKHANYAN, chairman]; Armenian Revolutionary Federation("Dashnak" Party) or ARF [Levon MKRTCHYAN]; Democratic Party [AramSARKISYAN]; Justice Bloc (comprised of the Democratic Party,National Democratic Party, National Democratic Union, the People'sParty, and the Republic Party) [Stepan DEMIRCHYAN]; NationalDemocratic Party [Shavarsh KOCHARIAN]; National Democratic Union orNDU [Vazgen MANUKIAN]; National Revival Party [Albert BAZEYAN];National Unity Party [Artashes GEGHAMYAN, chairman]; People's Partyof Armenia [Stepan DEMIRCHYAN]; Republic Party [Aram SARKISYAN,chairman]; Republican Party or RPA [Andranik MARGARYAN]; Rule of LawParty [Samvel BALASANYAN]; Union of Constitutional Rights [HrantKHACHATURYAN]; United Labor Party [Gurgen ARSENYAN]
ArubaAliansa/Aruban Social Movement or MSA [Robert WEVER]; ArubanLiberal Organization or OLA [Glenbert CROES]; Aruban PatrioticMovement or MPA [Monica ARENDS-KOCK]; Aruban Patriotic Party or PPA[Benny NISBET]; Aruban People's Party or AVP [Mike EMAN]; People'sElectoral Movement Party or MEP [Nelson O. ODUBER]; Real Democracyor PDR [Andin BIKKER]; RED [Rudy LAMPE]; Workers Political Platformor PTT [Gregorio WOLFF]
AustraliaAustralian Democrats [Lyn ALLISON]; Australian Greens [BobBROWN]; Australian Labor Party [Kevin RUDD]; Country Liberal Party[Jodeen CARNEY]; Family First Party [Steve FIELDING]; Liberal Party[John Winston HOWARD]; The Nationals [Mark VAILE]
AustriaAlliance for the Future of Austria or BZOe [Joerg HAIDER];Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Wolfgang SCHUESSEL]; Freedom Partyof Austria or FPOe [Heinz Christian STRACHE]; Social DemocraticParty of Austria or SPOe [Alfred GUSENBAUER]; The Greens [AlexanderVAN DER BELLEN]
AzerbaijanAzerbaijan Popular Front or APF [Ali KARIMLI, leader of"Reform" faction; Mirmahmud MIRALI-OGLU, leader of "Classic"faction]; Civic Solidarity Party or CSP [Sabir RUSTAMKHANLY]; CivicUnion Party [Ayaz MUTALIBOV]; Communist Party of Azerbaijan or CPA[Ramiz AHMADOV]; Compatriot Party [Mais SAFARLI]; Democratic Partyfor Azerbaijan or DPA [Rasul QULIYEV, chairman]; Justice Party[Ilyas ISMAILOV]; Liberal Party of Azerbaijan [Lala ShovkatHACIYEVA]; Motherland Party; Musavat [Isa GAMBAR, chairman]; YeniAzerbaijan Party; Party for National Independence of Azerbaijan orPNIA [Etibar MAMMADLI, chairman]; Social Democratic Party ofAzerbaijan or SDP [Araz ALIZADE and Ayaz MUTALIBOV]note: opposition parties regularly factionalize and form new parties
Bahamas, TheFree National Movement or FNM [Hubert INGRAHAM];Progressive Liberal Party or PLP [Perry CHRISTIE]
Bahrainpolitical parties prohibited but political societies werelegalized per a July 2005 law
BangladeshAwami League or AL [Sheikh HASINA]; Bangladesh CommunistParty or BCP [Saifuddin Ahmed MANIK]; Bangladesh Nationalist Partyor BNP [Khaleda ZIA]; Islami Oikya Jote or IOJ [Mufti Fazlul HaqAMINI]; Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh or JIB [Motiur Rahman NIZAMI];Jatiya Party or JP (Ershad faction) [Hussain Mohammad ERSHAD];Jatiya Party (Manzur faction) [Naziur Rahman MANZUR]; LiberalDemocratic Party or LDP [Badrudozza CHOWDHURY and Oli AHMED]
BarbadosBarbados Labor Party or BLP [Owen ARTHUR]; Democratic LaborParty or DLP [David THOMPSON]
Belaruspro-government parties: Agrarian Party or AP [MikhailSHIMANSKY]; Belarusian Communist Party or KPB; Belarusian PatrioticMovement (Belarusian Patriotic Party) or BPR [Nikolai ULAKHOVICH,chairman]; Liberal Democratic Party of Belarus [Sergei GAYDUKEVICH];Party of Labor and Justice [Viktor SOKOLOV]; Social-Sports Party[Vladimir ALEXANDROVICH]opposition parties: 10 Plus Coalition [Alyaksandr MILINKEVICH],includes: Belarusian Party of Communists or PKB [Syarhey KALYAKIN];Belarusian Party of Labor (unregistered) [Aleksandr BUKHVOSTOV,Leonid LEMESHONAK]; Belarusian Popular Front or BPF [VintsyukVYACHORKA]; Belarusian Social-Democratic Gramada [StanislavSHUSHKEVICH]; Green Party [Oleg GROMYKO]; Party of Freedom andProgress (unregistered) [Vladimir NOVOSYAD]; United Civic Party orUCP [Anatol LYABEDKA]; Women's Party "Nadezhda" [ValentinaMATUSEVICH, chairperson]other opposition includes: Belarusian Social-Democratic PartyNardonaya Hromada or BSDP NH [Alyaksandr KOZULIN, chairman];Christian Conservative BPF [Zyanon PAZNIAK]; Ecological Party ofGreens [Mikhail KARTASH]; Party of Popular Accord [Sergei YERMAKK];Republican Party [Vladimir BELAZOR]
BelgiumFlemish parties: Christian Democrats and Flemish or CD & V[Jo VANDEURZEN]; Flemish Liberal Democrats or VLD [Bart SOMERS];GROEN! (formerly AGALEV, Flemish Greens) [Vera DUA]; New FlemishAlliance or NVA [Bart DE WEVER]; Social Progressive Alternative orSP.A [Johan Vande LANOTTE]; Spirit [Geert LAMBERT] (new party nowassociated with SP.A); Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest) or VB [FrankVANHECKE]Francophone parties: Ecolo (Francophone Greens) [Jean-Michel JAVAUX,Isabelle DURANT, Claude BROUIR]; Humanist and Democratic Center ofCDH [Joelle MILQUET]; National Front or FN [Daniel FERET]; ReformMovement or MR [Didier REYNDERS]; Socialist Party or PS [Elio DIRUPO]; other minor parties
BelizePeople's United Party or PUP [Said MUSA]; United DemocraticParty or UDP [Dean BARROW, party leader; Douglas SINGH, partychairman]
BeninAlliance of Progress Forces or AFP; African Movement forDemocracy and Progress or MADEP [Sefou FAGBOHOUN]; DemocraticRenewal Party or PRD [Adrien HOUNGBEDJI]; Impulse for Progress andDemocracy or IPD; Key Force or FC; Movement for Development andSolidarity or MDS; Movement for Development by the Culture-SaluteParty-Congress of People for Progress Alliance or AllianceMDC-PS-CPP; New Alliance or NA; Rally for Democracy and Progress orRDP; Renaissance Party du Benin or RB [Nicephore SOGLO]; The StarAlliance (Alliance E'toile) [Sacca LAFIA]; Union of Tomorrow's Beninor UBF [Bruno AMOUSSOU]note: approximately 20 additional minor parties
BermudaProgressive Labor Party or PLP [Ewart BROWN]; United BermudaParty or UBP [Wayne FURBERT]
Bhutanno legal parties
BoliviaBolivian Socialist Falange or FSB [Romel PANTOJA]; CivicSolidarity Union or UCS [Johnny FERNANDEZ]; Free Bolivia Movement orMBL [Franz BARRIOS]; Marshal of Ayacucho Institutional Vanguard orVIMA [Freddy ZABALA]; Movement of the Revolutionary Left or MIR[Jaime PAZ Zamora]; Movement Toward Socialism or MAS [Juan EvoMORALES Ayma]; Movement Without Fear or MSM [Juan DEL GRANADO];National Revolutionary Movement or MNR [Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA];New Republican Force or NFR [Manfred REYES-VILLA]; PachakutiIndigenous Movement or MIP [Felipe QUISPE Huanca]; Poder DemocraticoNacional or PODEMOS [Jorge Fernando QUIROGA Ramirez]; SocialistParty or PS [Jeres JUSTINIANO]
Bosnia and HerzegovinaAlliance of Independent Social Democrats orSNSD [Milorad DODIK]; Bosnian Party or BOSS [Mirnes AJANOVIC]; CivicDemocratic Party or GDS [Ibrahim SPAHIC]; Croat Christian DemocraticUnion of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HKDU [Marin TOPIC]; Croat Partyof Rights or HSP [Zvonko JURISIC]; Croat Peasants Party or HSS[Marko TADIC]; Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovinaor HDZ-BH [Dragan COVIC]; Croatian Democratic Union 100 or HDZ100;Croatian Peoples Union [Milenko BRKIC]; Democratic National Union orDNZ [Rifet DOLIC]; Democratic Peoples Alliance or DNS [Marko PAVIC];Liberal Democratic Party or LDS [Rasim KADIC]; New Croat Initiativeor NHI [Kresimir ZUBAK]; Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina or SBiH[Haris SILAJDZIC]; Party for Democratic Action or SDA [SulejmanTIHIC]; Party of Democratic Progress or PDP [Mladen IVANIC]; SerbDemocratic Party or SDS [Dragan CAVIC]; Serb Radical Party of theRepublika Srpska or SRS-RS [Milanko MIHAJLICA]; Serb RadicalParty-Dr. Vojislav Seselj or SRS-VS [Radislav KANJERIC]; SocialDemocratic Party of BIH or SDP [Zlatko LAGUMDZIJA]; SocialDemocratic Union or SDU [Sejfudin TOKIC]; Socialist Party ofRepublika Srpska or SPRS [Petar DJOKIC]
BotswanaBotswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim LepetuSETSHWAELO]; Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Otlaadisa KOOSALETSE];Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Festus G. MOGAE]; BotswanaNational Front or BNF [Otswoletse MOUPO]; Botswana Peoples Party orBPP; MELS Movement of Botswana or MELS; New Democratic Front or NDFnote: a number of minor parties joined forces in 1999 to form theBAM but did not capture any parliamentary seats - includes theUnited Action Party [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]; the IndependenceFreedom Party or IFP [Motsamai MPHO]; the Botswana Progressive Union[D. K. KWELE]
BrazilBrazilian Democratic Movement Party or PMDB [Federal DeputyMichel TEMER]; Brazilian Labor Party or PTB [Flavio de CASTROMARTINEZ]; Brazilian Renewal Labor Party or PRTB [Jose Levy FidelixDA CRUZ]; Brazilian Republican Party or PRB [Vitor Paulo Araujo DOSSANTOS]; Brazilian Social Democracy Party or PSDB [Senator TassoJEREISSATI]; Brazilian Socialist Party or PSB [Federal DeputyEduardo Henrique Accioly CAMPOS]; Communist Party of Brazil or PCdoB[Jose Renato RABELO]; Democratic Labor Party or PDT [Carlos RobertoLUPI]; Democratic Socialist Party or PSD [Luis Marques MENDES];Green Party or PV [Jose Luiz de Franca PENNA]; Humanist Party ofSolidarity or PHS [leader NA]; Liberal Party or PL [Federal DeputyValdemar COSTA Neto]; National Order Reconstruction Party or PRONA[Federal Deputy Dr. Eneas Ferreira CARNEIRO]; Partido MunicipalistaRenovador or PMR [Natal Wellington Rodrigues FURUCHO]; PopularSocialist Party or PPS [Federal Deputy Roberto FREIRE]; ProgressiveParty or PP [Federal Deputy Pedro CORREA]; Social Christian Party orPSC [Vitor Jorge ABDALA NOSSEIS]; Workers' Party or PT [Ricardo JoseRibeiro BERZOINI]
British Virgin IslandsConcerned Citizens Movement or CCM [EthlynSMITH]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Orlando SMITH]; UnitedParty or UP [Gregory MADURO]; Virgin Islands Party or VIP [Ralph T.O'NEAL]
BruneiBrunei Solidarity National Party (PPKB) [Haji Mohd HATTA binHaji Zainal Abidin]; National Development Party (NDP) [YASSINAffendi]; People's Awareness Party (PAKAR) [Awang Haji MAIDIN binHaji Ahmad]note: parties are small and have limited activity (2005)
BulgariaATAKA (Attack Coalition) (coalition of parties headed bythe Attack National Union); Attack National Union [Volen Siderov];Bulgarian Agrarian National Union-People's Union or BANU [AnastasiaMOZER]; Bulgarian People's Union or BPU (coalition of UFD, IMRO, andBANU); Bulgarian Socialist Party or BSP [Sergei STANISHEV];Coalition for Bulgaria or CfB (coalition of parties dominated byBSP) [Sergei STANISHEV]; Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria or DSB[Ivan KOSTOV]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization orIMRO [Krasimir KARAKACHANOV]; Movement for Rights and Freedoms orMRF [Ahmed DOGAN]; National Movement for Simeon II or NMS2 [SimeonSAXE-COBURG-GOTHA]; New Time [Emil KOSHLUKOV]; Union of DemocraticForces or UDF [Petar STOYANOV]; Union of Free Democrats or UFD[Stefan SOFIYANSKI]; United Democratic Forces or UtDF (a coalitionof center-right parties dominated by UDF)
Burkina FasoAfrican Democratic Rally-Alliance for Democracy andFederation or RDA-ADF [Herman YAMEOGO]; Confederation for Federationand Democracy or CFD [Amadou Diemdioda DICKO]; Congress forDemocracy and Progress or CDP [Roch Marc-Christian KABORE]; Movementfor Tolerance and Progress or MTP [Nayabtigungou Congo KABORE];Party for African Independence or PAI [Philippe OUEDRAOGO]; Partyfor Democracy and Progress or PDP [Joseph KI-ZERBO]; Socialist Partyor PS; Union of Greens for the Development of Burkina Faso or UVDB[Ram OVEDRAGO]
BurmaNational League for Democracy or NLD [AUNG SHWE, chairman,AUNG SAN SUU KYI, general secretary]; National Unity Party or NUP(pro-regime) [THA KYAW] (at last report); Shan Nationalities Leaguefor Democracy or SNLD [HKUN HTUN OO]; and other smaller parties
Burundithe three national, mainstream, governing parties are:Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Leonce NGENDAKUMANA,president]; National Council for the Defense of Democracy, Front forthe Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [Hussein RADJABU, president];Unity for National Progress or UPRONA [Aloys RUBUKA, president]note: a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are:National Council for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD; NationalResistance Movement for the Rehabilitation of the Citizen orMRC-Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI]; Party for NationalRedress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]
CambodiaCambodian Pracheachon Party (Cambodian People's Party) orCPP [CHEA SIM]; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral,Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [KEV PUT REAKSMEI];Sam Rangsi Party or SRP [SAM RANGSI]
CameroonCameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou Ndam NJOYA];Democratic Rally of the Cameroon People or RDCP [Paul BIYA];Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA];Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC[Marcel YONDO]; Movement for the Youth of Cameroon or MYC [DieudonneTINA]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [MaigariBELLO BOUBA]; Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]; Unionof Cameroonian Populations or UPC [Augustin Frederic KODOCK]
CanadaBloc Quebecois [Gilles DUCEPPE]; Conservative Party of Canada(a merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive ConservativeParty) [Stephen HARPER]; Green Party [Elizabeth MAY]; Liberal Party[Stephane DION]; New Democratic Party [Jack LAYTON]
Cape VerdeAfrican Party for Independence of Cape Verde or PAICV[Jose Maria Pereira NEVES, chairman]; Democratic Alliance for Changeor ADM [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO] (a coalition of PCD, PTS, and UCID);Democratic Christian Party or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES, chairman];Democratic Renovation Party or PRD [Victor FIDALGO, president];Democratic and Independent Cape Verdean Union or UCID [AntonioMONTEIRO]; Movement for Democracy or MPD [Agostinho LOPES,president]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. EuricoMONTEIRO, president]; Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [IsaiasRODRIGUES, president]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM,president]
Cayman Islandsno national teams (loose groupings of politicalorganizations) were formed for the 2000 elections; United DemocraticParty or UDP [leader McKeeva BUSH]; People's Progressive Movement orPPM [leader Kurt TIBBETTS]
Central African RepublicAlliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP[Jacques MBOLIEDAS]; Central African Democratic Assembly or RDC[Andre KOLINGBA]; Civic Forum or FC [Gen. Timothee MALENDOMA];Democratic Forum for Modernity or FODEM [Charles MASSI]; LiberalDemocratic Party or PLD [Nestor KOMBO-NAGUEMON]; Movement forDemocracy and Development or MDD [David DACKO]; Movement for theLiberation of the Central African People or MLPC [Ange-FelixPATASSE] (the party of deposed president); National Convergence orKNK; Patriotic Front for Progress or FPP [Abel GOUMBA]; People'sUnion for the Republic or UPR [Pierre Sammy MAKFOY]; National UnityParty or PUN [Jean-Paul NGOUPANDE]; Social Democratic Party or PSD[Enoch LAKOUE]
ChadFederation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR];National Rally for Development and Progress or RNDP [Delwa KassireCOUMAKOYE]; National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [SalehKEBZABO]; Party for Liberty and Development or PLD [Ibni OumarMahamat SALEH]; Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat SalehAHMAT, chairman]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [LolMahamat CHOUA]; Union for Democracy and Republic or UDR [JeanALINGUE]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. WadalAbdelkader KAMOUGUE]
ChileAlliance for Chile ("Alianza") or APC (including NationalRenewal or RN [Sergio DIEZ Urzia] and Independent Democratic Unionor UDI [Jovino NOVOA Vasquez]); Coalition of Parties for Democracy("Concertacion") or CPD (including Christian Democratic Party or PDC[Adolfo ZALDIVAR Larrain], Socialist Party or PS [Ricardo NUNEZ],Party for Democracy or PPD [Victor BARRUETO], Radical SocialDemocratic Party or PRSD [Jose Antonio GOMEZ Urrutia]); CommunistParty or PC [Guillermo TEILLIER]
ChinaChinese Communist Party or CCP [HU Jintao]; eight registeredsmall parties controlled by CCP
Christmas Islandnone
Cocos (Keeling) Islandsnone
ColombiaClandestine Communist Party of Colombia or PCC [JaimeCAICEDO]; Colombian Conservative Party or PC [Carlos HOLGUIN Sardi];Alternative Democratic Pole or PDA [Samuel MORENO Rojas]; LiberalParty or PL [Cesar GAVIRIA]; Social National Unity Party or PSUN[Juan Manuel SANTOS]note: Colombia has about 60 formally recognized political parties,most of which do not have a presence in either house of Congress
ComorosConvention for the Renewal of the Comoros [AZALI Assowmani];Camp of the Autonomous Islands (a coalition of parties organized bythe island Presidents in opposition to the Union President); FrontNational pour la Justice or FNJ [Ahmed RACHID] (Islamic party inopposition); Mouvement pour la Democratie et le Progress or MDP-NGDC[Abbas DJOUSSOUF]; Parti Comorien pour la Democratie et le Progressor PCDP [Ali MROUDJAE]; Rassemblement National pour le Developmentor RND [Omar TAMOU, Abdoulhamid AFFRAITANE]
Congo, Democratic Republic of theDemocratic Social Christian Partyor PDSC [Andre BO-BOLIKO]; Forces for Renovation for Union andSolidarity or FONUS [Joseph OLENGHANKOY]; National CongoleseLumumbist Movement or MNC [Francois LUMUMBA]; Popular Movement ofthe Revolution or MPR (three factions: MPR-Fait Prive [CatherineNZUZI wa Mbombo]; MPR/Vunduawe [Felix VUNDUAWE]; MPR/Mananga[MANANGA Dintoka Mpholo]); Unified Lumumbast Party or PALU [AntoineGIZENGA]; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [EtienneTSHISEKEDI wa Mulumba]; Union of Federalists and IndependentRepublicans or UFERI (two factions: UFERI [Lokambo OMOKOKO];UFERI/OR [Adolph Kishwe MAYA])
Congo, Republic of thethe most important of the many parties arethe Democratic and Patriotic Forces or FDP [Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO,president] (an alliance of Convention for Alternative Democracy,Congolese Labor Party or PCT, Liberal Republican Party, NationalUnion for Democracy and Progress, Patriotic Union for the NationalReconstruction, and Union for the National Renewal); CongoleseMovement for Democracy and Integral Development or MCDDI [MichelMAMPOUYA]; Pan-African Union for Social Development or UPADS [MartinMBERI]; Rally for Democracy and Social Progress or RDPS [Jean-PierreThystere TCHICAYA, president]; Rally for Democracy and the Republicor RDR [Raymond Damasge NGOLLO]; Union for Democracy and Republic orUDR; Union of Democratic Forces or UFD [Sebastian EBAO]
Cook IslandsCook Islands Party or CIP [Henry PUNA]; DemocraticParty or Demo [Dr. Terepai MAOATE]
Costa RicaAuthentic Member from Heredia [Jose SALAS]; CitizenAction Party or PAC [Otton SOLIS]; Costa Rican Renovation Party orPRC [Gerardo Justo OROZCO Alvarez]; Democratic Force Party or PFD[Vladimir DE LA CRUZ]; General Union Party or PUGEN [Carlos AlbertoFERNANDEZ Vega]; Homeland First or PP [Juan Jose VARGAS Fallas];Independent Worker Party or PIO [Jose Alberto CUBERO Carmona];Libertarian Movement Party or PML [Otto GUEVARA Guth]; NationalChristian Alliance Party or ANC [Juan Carlos CHAVEZ Mora]; NationalIntegration Party or PIN [Walter MUNOZ Cespedes]; NationalLiberation Party or PLN [Francisco Antonio PACHECO]; NationalPatriotic Party or PPN [Daniel Enrique REYNOLDS Vargas]; NationalRestoration Party or PRN [Carlos AVENDANO]; Nationalist DemocraticAlliance or ADN [Jose Miguel VILLALOBOS Umana]; Patriotic Union orUP [Humberto ARCE Salas]; Social Christian Unity Party or PUSC[Lorena VASQUEZ Badilla]; Union for Change Party or UPC [AntonioALVAREZ Desanti]; United Leftist Coalition or IU [Humberto VARGASCarbonel]
Cote d'IvoireCitizen's Democratic Union or UDCY [Eg Theodore MEL];Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire-African Democratic Rally orPDCI-RDA [Henri Konan BEDIE]; Ivorian Popular Front or FPI [LaurentGBAGBO]; Ivorian Worker's Party or PIT [Francis WODIE]; Rally of theRepublicans or RDR [Alassane OUATTARA]; Union for Democracy andPeace or UDPCI [Paul Akoto YAO]; over 20 smaller parties
CroatiaCroatian Bloc or HB [Ivic PASALIC]; Croatian ChristianDemocratic Union or HKDU [Anto KOVACEVIC]; Croatian Democratic Unionor HDZ [Ivo SANADER]; Croatian Party of Rights or HSP [Anto DJAPIC];Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Josip FRISCIC]; Croatian PensionerParty or HSU [Vladimir JORDAN]; Croatian People's Party or HNS[Vesna PUSIC] (in 2005 party merged with Libra to become CroatianPeople's Party-Liberal Democrats or NS-LD [Vesna PUSIC]); CroatianSocial Liberal Party or HSLS [Djurdja ADLESIC]; Croatian TrueRevival Party or HIP [Miroslav TUDJMAN]; Democratic Centre or DC[Vesna SKARE-OZBOLT]; Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS[Vojislav STANIMIROVIC]; Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [IvanJAKOVCIC]; Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Ivica RACAN]
Cubaonly party - Cuban Communist Party or PCC [Fidel CASTRO Ruz,first secretary]
CyprusRepublic of Cyprus: Democratic Party or DIKO [TassosPAPADOPOULOS]; Democratic Rally or DISY [Nikos ANASTASIADHIS];European Democracy or EURO.DE [Prodromos PRODROMOU] (evolved fromFor Europe which merged with New Horizons); European Party orEURO.KO [Demetris SYLLOURIS]; Fighting Democratic Movement or ADIK[Dinos MIKHAILIDIS]; Green Party of Cyprus [George PERDIKIS];Movement for Social Democracy United Democratic Union of Center orKISOS [Yannakis OMIROU]; Progressive Party of the Working People orAKEL (Communist Party) [Dimitrios CHRISTOFIAS]; United DemocratsMovement or EDE [Michalis PAPAPETROU]; north Cyprus: DemocraticParty or DP [Serder DENKTASH]; National Birth Party or UDP [EnverEMIN]; National Unity Party or UBP [Dervis EROGLU]; Our Party or BP[Okyay SADIKOGLU]; Patriotic Unity Movement or YBH [Alpay DURDURAN];Peace and Democratic Movement [Mustafa AKINCI]; Republican TurkishParty or CTP [Mehmet ALI TALAT]
Czech RepublicChristian Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People'sParty or KDU-CSL [Jan KASAL, chairman]; Civic Democratic Alliance orODA [Jirina NOVAKOVA, chairwoman]; Civic Democratic Party or ODS[Mirek TOPOLANEK, chairman]; Communist Party of Bohemia and Moraviaor KSCM [Vojtech FILIP, chairman]; Czech Social Democratic Party orCSSD [Jiri PAROUBEK, chairman]; Freedom Union-Democratic Union orUS-DEU [Jan HADRAVA, chairman]; Green Party [Martin BURSIK,chairman]; Independent Democrats (NEZDEM) [Vladimir ZELEZNY,chairman]; Party of Open Society (SOS) [Pavel NOVACEK, chairman];Path of Change [Jiri LOBKOWITZ, chairman]; SNK-European Democrats orSNK-ED [Jana HYBASKOVA, chairman]
DenmarkChristian Democrats (was Christian People's Party) [BodilKORNBEK]; Conservative Party (sometimes known as ConservativePeople's Party) [Bendt BENDTSEN]; Danish People's Party [PiaKJAERSGAARD]; Liberal Party [Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN]; Red-Green UnityList (bloc includes Left Socialist Party, Communist Party ofDenmark, Socialist Workers' Party) [collective leadership]; SocialDemocratic Party [Helle THORNING-SCHMIDT]; Social Liberal Party(sometimes called the Radical Left) [Marianne JELVED, leader; SorenBALD, chairman]; Socialist People's Party [Villy SOEVNDAL]
DjiboutiDemocratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh];Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; DjiboutiDevelopment Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]; Front pour laRestauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD];People's Progress Assembly or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governingparty); Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Moumin BahdonFARAH]; Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD [Ahmed Dini AHMED];Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ
DominicaDominica Freedom Party or DFP [Charles SAVARIN]; DominicaLabor Party or DLP [Roosevelt SKERRIT]; Dominica United WorkersParty or UWP [Earl WILLIAMS]
Dominican RepublicDominican Liberation Party or PLD [LeonelFERNANDEZ Reyna]; Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [RamonALBURQUERQUE]; National Progressive Front [Vincent CASTILLO,Pelegrin CASTILLO]; Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC[Enrique ATUN]
East TimorAssociacao Social-Democrata Timorense or ASDT [FranciscoXavier do AMARAL]; Christian Democratic Party of Timor or PDC[Antonio XIMENES]; Christian Democratic Union of Timor or UDC[Vicente da Silva GUTERRES]; Democratic Party or PD [Fernando deARAUJO]; People's Party of Timor or PPT [Jacob XAVIER];Revolutionary Front of Independent East Timor or FRETILIN [FranciscoGuterres Lu OLO]; Social Democrat Party of East Timor or PSD [MarioCARRASCALAO]; Socialist Party of Timor or PST [Pedro da COSTA]; Sonsof the Mountain Warriors (also known as Association of TimoreseHeroes) or KOTA [Clementino dos Reis AMARAL]; Timor Democratic Unionor UDT [Joao CARRASCALAO]; Timor Labor Party or PTT [Paulo FreitasDA SILVA]; Timorese Nationalist Party or PNT [Abilio ARAUJO]
EcuadorConcentration of Popular Forces or CFP [Averroes BUCARAM];Democratic Left or ID [Guillermo LANDAZURI]; National ActionInstitutional Renewal Party or PRIAN [Alvaro NOBOA]; PachakutikMovement [Gilberto TALAHUA]; Patriotic Society Party or PSP [LucioGUTIERREZ Borbua]; Popular Democracy or DP [Dr. Juan ManuelFUERTES]; Popular Democratic Movement or MPD [Gustavo TERAN Acosta];Radical Alfarista Front or FRA [Fabian ALARCON, director]; RoldosistParty or PRE [Abdala BUCARAM Ortiz, director]; Social ChristianParty or PSC [Leon FEBRES CORDERO]; Socialist Party - Broad Front orPS-FA [Victor GRANDA]
EgyptNational Democratic Party or NDP [Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK(governing party)]; National Progressive Unionist Grouping orTagammu [Rifaat EL-SAID]; New Wafd Party or NWP [Mahmoud ABAZA];Tomorrow Party [Naji AL-GHATRIFI]note: formation of political parties must be approved by thegovernment
El SalvadorChristian Democratic Party or PDC [Rodolfo PARKER,secretary general]; Democratic Convergence or CD (formerly UnitedDemocratic Center or CDU) [Ruben ZAMORA, secretary general];Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN [Medardo GONZALEZ,coordinator general]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [Ciro CRUZZEPEDA, president]; National Republican Alliance or ARENA [EliasAntonio SACA Gonzalez]; Popular Social Christian Party or PPSC [ReneAGUILUZ]; Revolutionary Democratic Front or FDR [Julio CesarHERNANDEZ Carcamo, coordinator general]
Equatorial GuineaConvergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS[Placido MIKO Abogo]; Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE[Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO] (ruling party); Party for Progressof Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [Severo MOTO]; Popular Action ofEquatorial Guinea or APGE [Miguel Esono EMAN]; Popular Union or UP[Andres Moises Bda ADA]; Progressive Democratic Alliance or ADP[Victorino Bolekia BONAY]; Union of Independent Democrats of UDI[Daniel OYONO]
EritreaPeople's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ, the onlyparty recognized by the government [ISAIAS Afworki]; note - aNational Assembly committee drafted a law on political parties inJanuary 2001, but the full National Assembly has not yet debated orvoted on it
EstoniaCenter Party of Estonia (Keskerakond) [Edgar SAVISAAR,chairman]; Estonian People's Union (Rahvaliit) [Villu REILJAN,chairman]; Estonian Reform Party (Reformierakond) [Andrus ANSIP];Estonian United Russian People's Party or EUVRP [Yevgeniy TOMBERG,chairman]; Social Democratic Party (formerly People's Party Moodukador Moderates) [Ivari PADAR, chairman]; Social Liberals (group ofeight parliamentarians, former Center Party members) [PeeterKREITZBERG]; Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica (Isamaa je ResPublica Liit) [Tonis LUKAS and Taavi VESKIMAGI, co-chairman]
EthiopiaAfar National Democratic Party or ANDP; Benishangul GumuzPeople's Democratic Unity Front or BGPDUF [Mulualem BESSE];Coalition for Unity and Democracy or CUD [HAILU Shawel]; EthiopianPeople's Revolutionary Democratic Front or EPRDF [MELES Zenawi] (analliance of Amhara National Democratic Movement or ANDM, OromoPeople's Democratic Organization or OPDO, the South EthiopeanPeople's Democratic Front or SEPDF, and TigrAyan Peoples' LiberationFront or TPLF); Gurage Nationalities' Democratic Movement or GNDM;Oromo Federalist Democratic Movement or OFDM [BULCHA Demeksa];Somali People's Democratic Party or SPDP; United Ethopian DemocraticForces or UEDF [BEYENE Petros]; dozens of small parties
European UnionConfederal Group of the European United Left-NordicGreen Left or EUL/NGL [Francis WURTZ]; European People'sParty-European Democrats or EPP-ED [Hans-Gert POETTERING]; Group ofthe Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe or ALDE [Graham R.WATSON]; Group of Greens/European Free Alliance or Greens/EFA[Monica FRASSONI and Daniel Marc COHN-BENDIT];Independence/Democracy Group or IND/DEM [Jens-Peter BONDE and NigelFARAGE]; Socialist Group in the European Parliament or PES [MartinSCHULZ]; Union for Europe of the Nations Group or UEN [Brian CROWLEYand Cristiana MUSCARDINI]
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)none; all independents
Faroe IslandsCenter Party [Jenis A. RANA]; Independence Party [KariP. HOJGAARD]; People's Party [Anfinn KALLSBERG]; Republican Party[Hogni HOYDAL]; Social Democratic Party [Joannes EIDESGAARD]; UnionParty [Kaj Leo JOHANNESEN]
FijiConservative Alliance Party/Matanitu Vanua or CAMV [Ratu JosefaDIMURI]; Dodonu Ni Taukei Party or DNT [Fereti S. DEWA]; FijiDemocratic Party or FDP [Filipe BOLE] (a merger of the ChristianDemocrat Alliance or VLV [Poesci Waqalevu BUNE], Fijian AssociationParty or FAP, Fijian Political Party or SVT (primarily Fijian)[Sitiveni RABUKA], and New Labor Unity Party or NLUP [Ofa SWANN]);Fiji Labor Party or FLP [Mahendra CHAUDHRY]; General Voters Party orGVP (became part of United General Party); Girmit Heritage Party orGHP; Justice and Freedom Party or AIM; Lio 'On Famor Rotuma Party orLFR; National Federation Party or NFP (primarily Indian) [PramondRAE]; Nationalist Vanua Takolavo Party or NVTLP [Saula TELAWA];Party of National Unity or PANU [Ponipate LESAVUA]; Party of theTruth or POTT; United Fiji Party/Sogosogo Duavata ni Lewenivanua orSDL [Laisenia QARASE]; United General Party or UGP [Millis MickBEDDOES]
FinlandCenter Party or Kesk [Matti VANHANEN]; Christian Democratsor KD [Paivi RASANEN]; Green League or VIHR [Tarja CRONBERG]; LeftAlliance or VAS composed of People's Democratic League andDemocratic Alternative [Martti KORHONEN]; National Coalition(conservative) Party or Kok [Jyrki KATAINEN]; Social DemocraticParty or SDP [Eero HEINALUOMA]; Swedish People's Party or SFP[Stefan WALLIN]
FranceCitizen and Republican Movement or MRC [Jean PierreCHEVENEMENT]; Democratic and European Social Rally or RDSE (mainlyRadical Republican and Socialist Parties, and PRG) [JacquesPELLETIER]; French Communist Party or PCF [Marie-George BUFFET];Greens [Yan WEHRLING, national secretary]; Left Radical Party or PRG(previously Radical Socialist Party or PRS and the Left RadicalMovement or MRG) [Jean-Michel BAYLET]; Movement for France or MPF[Philippe DE VILLIERS]; National Front or FN [Jean-Marie LE PEN];Rally for France or RPF [Charles PASQUA]; Socialist Party or PS[Francois HOLLANDE]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [FrancoisBAYROU]; Union for a Popular Movement or UMP [Nicolas SARKOZY]
French GuianaGuyana Democratic Forces or FDG [Georges OTHILY];Guyanese Democratic Action or ADG [Andre LECANTE]; GuyaneseSocialist Party or PSG [Marie-Claude VERDAN]; Popular NationalGuyanese Party or PNPG [Jose DORCY]; Socialist Party or PS [AlixLABBE]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Georges HABRAN-MERY];Union for a Popular Movement or UMP (includes RPR) [Remi LouisDUBOC]; Walwari Committee (aligned with the PRG in France)[Christine TAUBIRA-DELANON]
French PolynesiaAlliance for a New Democracy or ADN [Nicole BOUTEAUand Philip SCHYLE](includes the parties The New Star and ThisCountry is Yours); Independent Front for the Liberation of Polynesia(Tavini Huiraatira) [Oscar TEMARU]; New Fatherland Party (Ai'a Api)[Emile VERNAUDON]; People's Rally for the Republic of Polynesia orRPR (Tahoeraa Huiraatira) [Gaston FLOSSE]; Union for Democracy orUPD [Oscar TEMARU]
GabonCircle of Liberal Reformers or CLR [General Jean BonifaceASSELE]; Congress for Democracy and Justice or CDJ [Jules AristideBourdes OGOULIGUENDE]; Democratic and Republican Alliance or ADERE[Divungui-di-Ndinge DIDJOB]; Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG[Simplice Nguedet MANZELA] (former sole party); Gabonese Party forProgress or PGP [Pierre-Louis AGONDJO-OKAWE]; National Rally ofWoodcutters or RNB; National Rally of Woodcutters-Rally for Gabon orRNB-RPG (Bucherons) [Fr. Paul M'BA-ABESSOLE]; People's Unity Partyor PUP [Louis Gaston MAYILA]; Rally for Democracy and Progress orRDP [Pierre EMBONI]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Pierre ClaverMAGANGA-MOUSSAVOU]; Union for Democracy and Social Integration orUDIS; Union of Gabonese People or UPG [Pierre MAMBOUNDOU]
Gambia, TheAlliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction orAPRC [Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH] (the ruling party); Gambian People'sParty-Progressive People's Party-United Democratic Party orGPP-PPP-UDP Coalition [Ousainou DARBOE]; National Convention Partyor NCP [Sheriff DIBBA]; National Reconciliation Party or NRP [HamatN. K. BAH]; People's Democratic Organization for Independence andSocialism or PDOIS [Sidia JATTA]note: in August 2001, an independent electoral commission allowedthe reregistration of the GPP, NCP, and PPP, three parties bannedsince 1996
GeorgiaBurjanadze-Democrats [Nino BURJANADZE]; Georgian People'sFront [Nodar NATADZE]; Georgian United Communist Party or UCPG[Panteleimon GIORGADZE]; Greens [Giorgi GACHECHILADZE]; IndustryWill Save Georgia (Industrialists) or IWSG [Georgi TOPADZE]; LaborParty [Shalva NATELASHVILI]; National Democratic Party or NDP[Bachuki KARDAVA]; National Movement Democratic Front [MikheilSAAKASHVILI] bloc composed of National Movement andBurjanadze-Democrats; National Movement [Mikheil SAAKASHVILI]; NewRights [David GAMKRELIDZE]; Republican Party [David USUPASHVILI];Rightist Opposition [David GAMKRELIDZE] bloc composed ofIndustrialists and New Right Party; Socialist Party or SPG [IrakliMINDELI]; Traditionalists [Akaki ASATIANI]; Union of NationalForces-Conservatives [Koba DAVITASHVILI and Zviad DZIDZIGURI]
GermanyAlliance '90/Greens [Claudia ROTH and Reinhard BUETIKOFER];Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Angela MERKEL]; Christian SocialUnion or CSU [Edmund STOIBER, chairman]; Free Democratic Party orFDP [Guido WESTERWELLE, chairman]; Left Party (Linkspartei. wasParty of Democratic Socialism) or PDS [Lothar BISKY]; SocialDemocratic Party or SPD [Kurt BECK]
GhanaConvention People's Party or CPP [Nii Noi DOWUONA, generalsecretary]; Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Owuraku AMOFA,chairman]; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Dan LARTY];National Convention Party or NCP [Sarpong KUMA-KUMA]; NationalDemocratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Huudu YAHAYA, general secretary];New Patriotic Party or NPP [Samuel Arthur ODOI-SYKES]; People'sConvention Party or PCP [P. K. DONKOH-AYIFI, acting chairman];People's Heritage Party or PHP [Emmanuel Alexander ERSKINE];People's National Convention or PNC [Edward MAHAMA]; Reform Party[Kyeretwie OPUKU, general secretary]
GibraltarGibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar SocialDemocrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party orGSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]
GreeceCoalition of the Left and Progress (Synaspismos) [AlekosALAVANOS]; Communist Party of Greece or KKE [Aleka PAPARIGA]; NewDemocracy or ND (conservative) [Konstandinos KARAMANLIS];Panhellenic Socialist Movement or PASOK [Yiorgos PAPANDREOU];Popular Orthodox Rally or LAOS [Yeoryios KARATZAFERIS]
GreenlandAtassut Party (Solidarity, a conservative party favoringcontinuing close relations with Denmark) [Finn KARLSEN]; Demokratiit[Per BERTHELSEN]; Inuit Ataqatigiit or IA (Eskimo Brotherhood, aleftist party favoring complete independence from Denmark ratherthan home rule) [Josef MOTZFELDT]; Issituup (Polar Party) [NicolaiHEINRICH]; Kattusseqatigiit (Candidate List, an independentright-of-center party with no official platform; Siumut (ForwardParty, a social democratic party advocating more distinctGreenlandic identity and greater autonomy from Denmark) [HansENOKSEN]
GrenadaGood Old Democracy or GOD [Justin MCBURNIE]; Grenada UnitedLabor Party or GULP [Gloria Payne BANFIELD]; National DemocraticCongress or NDC [Tillman THOMAS]; New National Party or NNP [KeithMITCHELL]; People Labor Movement or PLM [Dr. Francis ALEXIS]
GuadeloupeCommunist Party of Guadeloupe or PCG [Mona CADOCE]; FGPS[Dominique LARIFLA]; Left Radical Party or PRG [Flavien FERRANT];Progressive Democratic Party or PPDG [Henri BANGOU]; Socialist Partyor PS [Jules OTTO]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [ClaudineLACAVE]; Union for a Popular Movement or UMP (includingRassemblement pour la Republique or RPR) [Gabrielle LOUIS-CARABIN]
GuamDemocratic Party [leader Michael PHILLIPS]; Republican Party(controls the legislature) [leader Philip J. FLORES]
GuatemalaAuthentic Integral Development or DIA [Eduardo SUGER];Grand National Alliance or GANA (an alliance of smaller parties)[Alfredo VILA Giron, secretary general]; Green Party or LOV [RodolfoROSALES Garcis-Salaz]; Guatemalan Christian Democracy or DCG[Vinicio CEREZO Arevalo]; Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity orURNG [Alba ESTELA Maldonado, secretary general]; GuatemalanRepublican Front or FRG [Efrain RIOS Montt]; Movement for GuatemalanUnity or MGU [Jacobo ARBENZ Villanueva]; Movement for Principals andValues or MPV [Francisco BIANCHI]; National Advancement Party or PAN[Leonel LOPEZ Rodas, secretary general]; National Unity for Hope orUNE [Alvarado COLOM Caballeros]; New Nation Alliance or ANN (formedby an alliance of DIA, URNG, and several splinter groups most ofwhom subsequently defected) [led by three co-equal partners - NinethVarenca MONTENEGRO Cottom, Rodolfo BAUER Paiz, and Jorge AntonioBALSELLS TUT]; Patriot Party or PP [Ret. Gen. Otto PEREZ Molina];Progressive Liberator Party or PLP [Acisclo VALLADARES Molina];Reform Movement or MR [Alfredo SKINNER-KLEE, secretary general];Unionista Party
Guernseynone; all independents
GuineaDemocratic Party of Guinea-African Democratic Rally orPDG-RDA [El Hadj Ismael Mohamed Gassim GUSHEIN]; National Union forProgress or UPN [Mamadou Bhoye BARRY]; Party for Unity and Progressor PUP [Lansana CONTE] (the governing party); People's Party ofGuinea or PPG [Pascal TOLNO]; Rally for the Guinean People or RPG[Alpha CONDE]; Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea or UFDG [MamadouBA]; Union of Republican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE]; Union forProgress of Guinea or UPG [Jean-Marie DORE, secretary-general];Union for Progress and Renewal or UPR [Ousmane BAH]
Guinea-BissauAfrican Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissauand Cape Verde or PAIGC [Carlos GOMES Junior]; Democratic SocialFront or FDS; Electoral Union or UE; Party for DemocraticConvergence or PCD [Victor MANDINGA]; Social Renovation Party or PRS[Alberto NAMBEIA]; Union for Change or UM [Jorge MANDINGA,president, Dr. Anne SAAD, secretary general]; United Platform or UP(coalition formed by PCD, FDS, FLING, and RGB-MB); United PopularAlliance or APU; United Social Democratic Party or PUSD [FranciscoJose FADUL]
GuyanaAlliance for Change or AFC [Raphael TROTMAN and KhemrajRAMJATTAN]; Guyana Action Party or GAP [Paul HARDY]; Justice for AllParty [C.N. SHARMA]; People's National Congress/Reform or PNC/R[Robert Herman Orlando CORBIN]; People's Progressive Party/Civic orPPP/C [Bharrat JAGDEO]; Rise, Organize, and Rebuild or ROAR [RaviDEV]; The United Force or TUF [Manzoor NADIR]; The Unity Party [JoeyJAGAN]; Vision Guyana [Peter RAMSAROOP]; Working People's Allianceor WPA [Rupert ROOPNARAINE]
HaitiArtibonite in Action or LAAA [Youri LATORTUE]; Assembly ofProgressive National Democrats or RDNP [Leslie MANIGAT]; Conventionfor Democratic Unity or KID [Evans PAUL]; Cooperative Action toBuild Haiti or KONBA [Evans LESCOUFALIR]; Democratic Alliance orALYANS (coalition composed of KID and PPRH) [Evans PAUL]; Effort andSolidarity to Create an Alternative for the People or ESKAMP [JosephJASME]; For Us All or PONT [Jean-Marie CHERESTAL]; Front for Hope orL'ESPWA (alliance of ESKAMP, PLB, and grass-roots organizationsGrand-Anse Resistance Committee, the Central Plateau Peasants'Group, and Kombit Sudest) [Rene PREVAL]; Grand Center Right Frontcoalition (composed of MDN, MRN, and PDCH) [Hubert de RONCERAY];Haitian Christian Democratic Party or PDCH [Osner FEVRY andMarie-Denise CLAUDE]; Haitian Democratic and Reform Movement orMODEREH [Dany TOUSSAINT and Pierre Soncon PRINCE]; Heads Together orTet-Ansanm [Dr. Gerard BLOT]; Independent Movement for NationalReconciliation or MIRN [Luc FLEURINORD]; Justice for Peace andNational Development or JPDN [Rigaud DUPLAN]; Fanmi Lavalas or FL[Rudy HERIVEAUX]; Liberal Party of Haiti or PLH [Gehy MICHEL];Merging of Haitian Social Democratic Parties or FUSION or FPSDH(merged Ayiti Capable, Haitian National Revolutionary Party, andNational Congress of Democratic Movements) [Serge GILLES];Mobilization for Haiti's Development or MPH [Samir MOURRA];Mobilization for National Development or MDN [Hubert de RONCERAY];Movement for National Reconstruction or MRN [Jean Henold BUTEAU];Movement for the Installation of Democracy in Haiti or MIDH [MarcBAZIN]; National Christian Union for the Reconstruction of Haiti orUNCRH [Marie Claude GERMAIN]; National Front for the Reconstructionof Haiti or FRN [Guy PHILIPPE]; New Christian Movement for a NewHaiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]; Open the Gate Party or PLB [AnesLUBIN]; Popular Party for the Renewal of Haiti or PPRH [ClaudeROMAIN and Daniel SUPPLICE]; Struggling People's Organization or OPL[Edgard LEBLANC]; Union for Haiti or UPH (coalition of MIDH and FL)[Marc BAZIN]; Union of Nationalist and Progressive Haitians or UNITE[Edouard FRANCISQUE]
Holy See (Vatican City)none
HondurasChristian Democratic Party or PDC [Saul ESCOBAR Andrade];Democratic Unification Party or PUD [Matias FUNES]; Liberal Party orPL [Patricia RODAS]; National Innovation and Unity Party or PINU[Olban F. VALLADARES]; National Party of Honduras or PN [GilbertoGOLDSTEIN]
Hong KongAssociation for Democracy and People's Livelihood or ADPL[Frederick FUNG Kin-kee]; Citizens Party [Alex CHAN Kai-chung];Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong orDAB [MA Lik]; Democratic Party [LEE Wing-tat]; Frontier Party [EmilyLAU Wai-hing]; Liberal Party [James TIEN Pei-chun]note: political blocs include: pro-democracy - ADPL, DemocraticParty, Frontier Party; pro-Beijing - DAB, Liberal Party
HungaryAlliance of Free Democrats or SzDSz [Gabor KUNCZE];Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP [Zsolt SEMJEN];Hungarian Civic Alliance or Fidesz [Viktor ORBAN, chairman];Hungarian Democratic Forum or MDF [Ibolya DAVID]; HungarianSocialist Party or MSzP [Istvan HILLER, chairman]
IcelandIndependence Party or IP [Geir HAARDE]; Left-Green Movementor LGM [Steingrimur SIGFUSSON]; Liberal Party or LP [GudjonKRISTJANSSON]; Progressive Party or PP [Halldor ASGRIMSSON - willstep down in August 2006]; Social Democratic Alliance (includesPeople's Alliance or PA, Social Democratic Party or SDP, Women'sList) or SDA [Ingibjorg Solrun GISLADOTTIR]
Indianote - India has dozens of national and regional politicalparties; only parties with four or more seats in the People'sAssembly are listed; Bahujan Samaj Party or BSP [MAYAWATI];Bharatiya Janata Party or BJP [Rajnath SINGH]; Biju Janata Dal orBJD [Naveen PATNAIK]; Communist Party of India or CPI [ArdhenduBhushan BARDHAN]; Communist Party of India (Marxist) or CPI (M)[Prakash KARAT]; Dravida Munnetra Kazagham or DMK [M. KARUNANIDHI];Indian National Congress or INC [Sonia GANDHI]; Janata Dal (United)or JD(U) [Sharad YADEV]; Jharkhand Mukti Morcha or JMM [ShibuSOREN]; Lok Jan Shakti Party or LJSP [Ram Vilas PASWAN];Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or MDMK [VAIKU]; NationalistCongress Party or NCP [Sharad PAWAR]; Pattali Makkal Katchi or PMK[S. RAMADOSS]; Rashtriya Janata Dal or RJD [Laloo Prasad YADAV];Samajwadi Party or SP [Mulayam Singh YADAV]; Shiromani Akali Dal orSAD [Prakash Singh BADAL]; Shiv Sena or SS [Bal THACKERAY];Telangana Rashtra Samithi or TRS [K. Chandrasekhar RAO]; TeluguDesam Party or TDP [Chandrababu NAIDU]
IndonesiaCrescent Moon and Star Party or PBB [Yusril IhzaMAHENDRA]; Democratic Party or PD [Subur BUDHISANTOSO]; FunctionalGroups Party or Golkar [Yusuf KALLA]; Indonesia DemocraticParty-Struggle or PDI-P [MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri]; National AwakeningParty or PKB [Alwi SHIHAB]; National Mandate Party or PAN [SutrisnoBACHIR]; Prosperous Justice Party or PKS [Tifatul SEMBIRING]; UnitedDevelopment Party or PPP [Hamzah HAZ]
Iranformal political parties are a relatively new phenomenon inIran and most conservatives still prefer to work through politicalpressure groups rather than parties; a loose pro-reform coalitioncalled the 2nd Khordad Front, which includes political parties aswell as less formal pressure groups and organizations, achievedconsiderable success at elections to the sixth Majles in early 2000;groups in the coalition include: Islamic Iran Participation Front(IIPF), Executives of Construction Party (Kargozaran), SolidarityParty, Islamic Labor Party, Mardom Salari, Mojahedin of the IslamicRevolution Organization (MIRO), and Militant Clerics Society(Ruhaniyun); the coalition participated in the seventh Majleselections in early 2004; following his defeat in the 2005presidential elections, former MCS Secretary General Mehdi KARRUBIformed the National Trust Party; a new apparently conservativegroup, the Builders of Islamic Iran, took a leading position in thenew Majles after winning a majority of the seats in February 2004
IraqAl-Sadr Movement [Muqtada Al-SADR]; Assyrian DemocraticMovement [Yunadim KANNA]; Conference of Iraqi People [Adnanal-DULAYMI]; Constitutional Monarchy Movement or CMM [Sharif Ali Binal-HUSAYN]; Da'wa Party [Ibrahim al-JA'FARI]; Independent IraqiAlliance or IIA [Falah al-NAQIB]; Iraqi Communist Party [Hamidal-MUSA]; Iraqi Hizballah [Karim Mahud al-MUHAMMADAWI]; IraqiIndependent Democrats or IID [Adnan PACHACHI, Mahdi al-HAFIZ]; IraqiIslamic Party or IIP [Muhsin Abd al-HAMID, Hajim al-HASSANI]; IraqiNational Accord or INA [Ayad ALLAWI]; Iraqi National Congress or INC[Ahmad CHALABI]; Iraqi National Council for Dialogue or INCD [KhalafUlayan al-Khalifawi al-DULAYMI]; Iraqi National Unity Movement orINUM [Ahmad al-KUBAYSI, chairman]; Islamic Action Organization orIAO [Ayatollah Muhammad al-MUDARRISI]; Jama'at al Fadilah or JAF[Ayatollah Muhammad Ali al-YAQUBI]; Kurdistan Democratic Party orKDP [Masud BARZANI]; Muslim Ulama Council or MUC [Harith Sulaymanal-DARI, secretary general]; National Iraqi Front [Salih al-MUTLAQ];National Reconciliation and Liberation Party [Mishan al-JABBURI];Patriotic Union of Kurdistan or PUK [Jalal TALABANI]; SupremeCouncil for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq or SCIRI [Abd al-Azizal-HAKIM]note: the Kurdistan Alliance, Iraqi National List, Iraqi ConsensusFront, Iraqi Front for National Dialogue, and United Iraqi Alliancewere only electoral slates consisting of the representatives fromthe various Iraqi political parties
IrelandFianna Fail [Bertie AHERN]; Fine Gael [Enda KENNY]; GreenParty [Trevor SARGENT]; Labor Party [Pat RABITTE]; ProgressiveDemocrats [Michael McDOWELL]; Sinn Fein [Gerry ADAMS]; SocialistParty [Joe HIGGINS]; The Workers' Party [Sean GARLAND]
Isle of ManAlliance for Progressive Government; Man Labor Party;Man Nationalist Party (branch of the British National Party)note: most members sit as independents
IsraelDemocratic Front for Peace and Equality (HADASH) [MuhammadBARAKA]; GIL (Pensioners) [Rafael EITAN]; Kadima [Ehud OLMERT];Labor Party [Amir PERETZ]; Likud Party [Binyamin NETANYAHU];Meretz-YAHAD [Yossi BEILIN]; National Democratic Assembly (Balad)[Azmi BISHARA]; National Union (NU)/National Religious Party (NRP)[Binyamin ELON]; SHAS [Eliyahu YISHAI]; Torah and Shabbat Judaism[Yaakov LITZMAN]; United Arab List [Ibrahim SARSOUR]; YisraelBeiteinu [Avigdor LIEBERMAN]; Yisrael Ba'Aliya (merged with Likud)
ItalyCenter-Left Union Coalition [Romano PRODI]: Ulivo Alliance(including Democrats of the Left or DS [Piero FASSINO];Daisy-Democracy is Freedom or DL [Francesco RUTELLI]); Rose in theFist (including Italian Social Democrats or SDI [Enrico BOSELLI];Italian Radical Party [Emma BONINO]); Italian Communist Party orPdCI [Oliviero DILIBERTO]; Green Federation [Alfonso PECORAROSCANIO]; Communist Renewal or RC [Fausto BERTINOTTI]; Italy ofValues or IdV [Antonio DI PIETRO]; Union of Democrats for Europe orUDEUR [Clemente MASTELLA]; Republican European Movement or MRE[Luciana SBARBATI]Center-Right Freedom House Coalition [Silvio BERLUSCONI]: ForzaItalia or FI [Silvio BERLUSCONI]; National Alliance or AN[Gianfranco FINI]; Union of Christian Democrats of the Center or UDC[Pier Ferdinando CASINI]; Northern League or LEGA [Umberto BOSSI];Christian Democracy (Per la Autonomie) [Publio FIORI]other non-allied parties: New Italian Socialist Party or New PSI[Gianni DE MICHELIS]; Italian Republican Party or PRI [Giorgio LAMALFA]; Social Alternative [Alessandra MUSSOLINI]; SocialMovement-Tricolor Flame or MSI-Fiamma [Luca ROMAGNOLI]; Social IdeaMovement with Rauti or MIS [Pino RAUTI]; South Tyrol People's Partyor SVP (German speakers) [Elmar Pichler ROLLE]; Union of ValleyAosta Region or UV [Guido CESAL]
JamaicaJamaica Labor Party or JLP [Bruce GOLDING]; NationalDemocratic Movement or NDM [Hyacinth BENNETT]; People's NationalParty or PNP [Percival James PATTERSON]
JapanDemocratic Party of Japan or DPJ [Ichiro OZAWA]; JapanCommunist Party or JCP [Kazuo SHII]; Komeito [Akihoro OTA]; LiberalDemocratic Party or LDP [Shinzo ABE]; Social Democratic Party or SDP[Mizuho FUKUSHIMA]
Jerseynone; all independents
Jordanal-Ahd Party; Arab Islamic Democratic Movement [Yusuf ABUBAKR, president]; Arab Land Party [Dr. Ayishah Salih HIJAZAYN,secretary general]; Arab Socialist Ba'th Party [Taysir al-HIMSI,secretary general]; Ba'th Arab Progressive Party [Fu'ad DABBUR,secretary general]; Freedom Party; Future Party; Islamic ActionFront or IAF [Zaki Sa'ed BANI IRSHEID, secretary general]; IslamicCenter Party [Marwan al-FAURI, secretary general]; Jordanian ArabAnsar Party; Jordanian Arab New Dawn Party; Jordanian Arab Party;Jordanian Citizens' Rights Movement; Jordanian Communist Party[Munir HAMARINAH, secretary general]; Jordanian Communist WorkersParty; Jordanian Democratic Left Party [Musa MA'AYTEH, secretarygeneral]; Jordanian Democratic Popular Unity Party [Sa'id Dhiyab AliMUSTAFA, secretary general]; Jordanian Generations Party [MuhammadKHALAYLEH, secretary general]; Jordanian Green Party [MuhammadBATAYNEH, secretary general]; Jordanian Labor Party [Dr. MazinSulayman Jiryis HANNA, secretary general]; Jordanian Peace Party;Jordanian People's Committees Movement; Jordanian People'sDemocratic Party (Hashd) [Ahmad YUSUF, secretary general]; JordanianRafah Party; Jordanian Renaissance Party; Mission Party; NationParty [Ahmad al-HANANDEH, secretary general]; National Action Party(Haqq) [Tariq al-KAYYALI, secretary general]; NationalConstitutional Party [Abdul Hadi MAJALI, secretary general];National Popular Democratic Movement [Mahmud al-NUWAYHI, secretarygeneral]; Progressive Party [Fawwaz al-ZUBI, secretary general]
KazakhstanAdilet (Justice) [Maksut NARIKBAYEV, co-chair, ZeynullaALSHIMBAYEV, co-chair, Bakhytbek AKHMETZHAN, co-chair, YerkinONGARBAYEV, co-chair, Tolegan SYDYKOV, co-chair] (formerlyDemocratic Party of Kazakhstan); Aq Zhol Party (Bright Path)[Alikhan BAIMENOV, chairman]; AUL (Village) [Gani KALIYEV,chairman]; Communist Party of Kazakhstan or KPK [SerikbolsynABDILDIN, first secretary]; Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan[Vladislav KOSAREV, first secretary]; Otan [Bakhytzhan ZHUMAGULOV,acting chairman] (the Agrarian, Asar, and Civic parties merged withOtan); Patriots' Party [Gani KASYMOV, chairman]; Rukhaniyat(Spirituality) [Altynshash ZHAGANOVA, chairwoman]
KenyaForum for the Restoration of Democracy-People or FORD-People[Kimaniwa NYOIKE, chairman]; Kenya African National Union or KANU[Uhuru KENYATTA]; National Rainbow Coalition or NARC [Mwai KIBAKI](the governing party)
KiribatiBoutokaan Te Koaua Party or BTK [Taberannang TIMEON];Maneaban Te Mauri Party or MTM [Teburoro TITO]; Maurin Kiribati Patior MKP; National Progressive Party or NPP [Dr. Harry TONG]note: there is no tradition of formally organized political partiesin Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groupsbecause they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or partystructures
Korea, Northmajor party - Korean Workers' Party or KWP [KIM JongIl]; minor parties - Chondoist Chongu Party [RYU Mi Yong] (under KWPcontrol), Social Democratic Party [KIM Yong Dae] (under KWP control)
Korea, SouthDemocratic Labor Party or DLP [MOON Seong-hyun];Democratic Party or DP [HAHN Hwa-kap]; Grand National Party or GNP[KANG Jae-sup]; People-Centered Party or PCP [SHIN Kook-hwan]; UriParty [KIM Geun-tae]
Kuwaitnone; formation of political parties is illegal
KyrgyzstanAdilet (Justice) Party [Toychubek KASYMOV]; AgrarianLabor Party of Kyrgyzstan [Uson SYDYKOV]; Agrarian Party ofKyrgyzstan [Erkin ALIYEV]; Alga, Kyrgyzstan (Forward, Kyrgyzstan)[Bolot BEGALIYEV]; Ar-Namys (Dignity) Party [Emil ALIYEV]; Asaba(Banner National Revival Party) [Azimbek BEKNAZAROV]; Ata-Meken(Fatherland) [Omurbek TEKEBAYEV]; Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan[Klara ADZHIBEKOVA]; Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstan or DDK [JyparJEKSHEYEV]; Erkin Kyrgyzstan Progressive and Democratic Party[Bektur ASANOV]; Erkindik (Freedom) Party [Topchubek TURGUNALIYEV];Future of Kyrgyzstan [Balbak TULEBAYEV]; Jany Kyrgyzstan (NewKyrgyzstan) [Dosbol NUR UULU]; Kairan El [Dooronbek SADYKOV]; KyrgyzNational Party [Bakyt BESHIMOV]; Kyrgyzstan Kelechegi [RuslanCHYNYBAYEV]; Manas El (Party of Spiritual Restoration) [ChingizAITMATOV]; Moya Strana (My Country Party of Action) [JoomartOTORBAYEV]; Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan or KCP [BakytbekBEKBOYEV]; Party of Justice and Progress [Muratbek IMANALIEV]; Partyof Peasants [Esengul ISAKOV]
LaosLao People's Revolutionary Party or LPRP [CHOUMMALY Sayasone];other parties proscribed
LatviaFirst Party of Latvia or LPP [Juris LUJANS]; For Human Rightsin a United Latvia or PCTVL [Tatjana ZDANOKA, Jakovs PLINERS]; Forthe Fatherland and Freedom/Latvian National Independence Movement orTB/LNNK [Janis STRAUME]; Harmony Center or SC [Sergejs DOLGOPOLOVS];Latvian Green Party or ZZS [Indulis EMSIS, Viesturs SILENIEKS,Raimonds VEJONIS]; Latvian Farmer's Union or LZS [AugustsBRIGMANIS]; Latvian Social Democratic Workers Party (SocialDemocrats) or LSDSP [Juris BOJARS]; Latvian Socialist Party or LSP[Alfreds RUBIKS]; Latvia's Way or LC [Ivars GODMANIS]; New Democratsor JD [Maris GULBIS]; New Era Party or JL [Einars REPSE]; People'sHarmony Party or TSP [Aivars DATAVS]; People's Party or TP [AtisSLAKTERIS]; Social Democratic Union or SDS [Egils BALDZENS]
LebanonBa'th Party; Democratic Gathering [Walid JUMBLATT];Democratic Left [Ilyas ATALLAH]; Democratic Renewal Movement [NassibLAHUD]; Development and Resistance Bloc [Nabih BERRI, Amal Movementleader/Speaker of the National Assembly]; Free Patriotic Movement[Michel AWN]; Future Movement Bloc [Sa'ad HARIRI]; Kataeb Party[Karim PAKRADONI]; Kataeb Reform Movement [Amine GEMAYAL]; LebaneseForces [Samir JA'JA]; Loyalty to the Resistance [Mohammad RA'AD];Metn Bloc [Michel MURR]; Nasserite Popular Movement [Ussama SAAD];National Bloc [Carlos EDDE]; Popular Bloc [Elias SKAFF]; QornetShewan Gathering [a grouping with no individual leader]; SyrianNational Socialist Party [Ali QANSU]; Tachnaq Party; TripoliIndependent Bloc [a grouping with no individual leader]
LesothoBasotholand African Congress or BAC [Khauhelo RALITAPOLE];Basotholand Congress Party or BCP [Ntsukunyane MPHANYA]; BasothoNational Party or BNP [Maj. Gen. Justine Metsing LEKHANYA]; KopanangBasotho Party or KPB [MOSALA]; Lesotho Congress for Democracy or LCD[Pakalitha MOSISILI] (the governing party); Lesotho Education Partyor LEP [Thabo PITSO]; Lesotho People's Congress or LPC [KeleboneMAOPE]; Lesotho Workers Party of LWP [Macaefa BILLY]; MarematlouFreedom Party or MFP [Vincent MALEBO]; National Independent Party orNIP [Anthony MANYELI]; National Progressive Party or NPP [ChiefPeete Nkoebe PEETE]; Popular Front for Democracy or PFD [LekhethoRAKUOANE]; Sefate Democratic Union or SDU [Bofihla NKUEBE]; SocialDemocratic Party of SDP [Masitise SELESO]; United Democratic Partyor UDP [C.D. MOFELI]; United Party or UP [Makara SEKAUTU]
LiberiaAlliance for Peace and Democracy or APD [Togba-na TIPOTEH];Coalition for the Transformation of Liberia or COTOL; Congress forDemocratic Change or CDC [George WEAH]; Liberian Action Party or LAP[H. Varney SHERMAN]; Liberty Party or LP [Charles BRUMSKINE];National Patriotic Party or NPP [Cyril ALLEN]; Unity Party or UP[Charles CLARKE]
Libyanone
LiechtensteinPatriotic Union (was Fatherland Union) or VU [AdolfHEEB]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Otmar HASLER]; The FreeList or FL
LithuaniaCivil Democracy Party [Viktor MUNTIANAS, chairman];Electoral Action of Lithuanian Poles [Valdemar TOMASZEVSKI,chairman]; National Farmer's Union [Kazimiera PRUNSKIENE, chairman];Homeland Union/Conservative Party or TS [Andrius KUBILIUS,chairman]; Labor Party; Liberal and Center Political Group [ArturasZUOKAS, chairman]; Liberal Democratic Party [Valentinas MAZURONIS,chairman]; Liberal Movement; Lithuanian Christian Democrats or LKD[Valentinas STUNDYS, chairman]; Lithuanian People's Union for a FairLithuania; Lithuanian Social Democratic Coalition [AlgirdasBRAZAUSKAS, chairman] consists of the Lithuanian Democratic LaborParty or LDDP and the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party or LSDP;Social Liberal/New Union [Arturas PAULAUSKAS, chairman]; SocialUnion of Christian Conservatives [Gediminas VAGNORIUS, chairman];Young Lithuania and New Nationalists
LuxembourgAction Committee for Democracy and Justice or ADR [GastGIBERYEN]; Christian Social People's Party or CSV (also known asChristian Social Party or PCS) [Francois BILTGEN]; Democratic Partyor DP [Claude MEISCH]; Green Party [Francois BAUSCH]; LuxembourgSocialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Alex BODRY]; Marxist and ReformedCommunist Party dei Lenk/la Gauche (the Left) [no formalleadership]; other minor parties
MacauCivil Service Union [Jose Maria Pereira COUTINHO]; DevelopmentUnion [KWAN Tsui-hang]; Macau Development Alliance [Angela LEONGOn-kei]; Macau United Citizens' Association [CHAN Meng-kam]; NewDemocratic Macau Association [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong]; United Forces
MacedoniaDemocratic Alliance [Pavle TRAJANOV]; DemocraticAlternative or DA [Vasil TUPURKOVSKI]; Democratic League of theBosniaks [Rafet MUMINOVIC]; Democratic Party of Albanians orPDSH/DPA [Arben XHAFERI]; Democratic Party of Serbs [IvanSTOILJKOVIC]; Democratic Party of Turks [Kenan HASIPI]; DemocraticRenewal of Macedonia [Liljana POPOVSKA]; Democratic Republican Unionof Macedonia or DRUM [Goran RAFAJLOVSKI]; Democratic Union of Vlachsfor Macedonia [Mitko KOSTOV]; Democratic Union for Integration orDUI [Ali AHMETI]; Internal Macedonian RevolutionaryOrganization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity orVMRO-DPMNE [Nikola GRUEVSKI]; Internal Macedonian RevolutionaryOrganization-Macedonian [Boris STOJMENOV]; Internal MacedonianRevolutionary Organization-People's Party or VMRO-Narodna [VesnaJANEVSKA, acting]; League for Democracy [Gjorgi MARJANOVIC]; LiberalDemocratic Party or LDP [Risto PENOV]; Liberal Party [Stojan ANDOV];National Alternative [Harun ALIU]; National Democratic Party or PDK[Basri HALITI]; National Farmers' Party [Vejljo TANTAROV]; NewDemocratic Forces [Hysni SHAQIRI]; New Social Democratic Party orNSDP [Tito PETKOVSKI]; Party for Democratic Future [Alajdin DEMIRI];Party for Democratic Prosperity or PPD/PDP [Abduljhadi VEJSELI];Social Democratic Alliance of Macedonia or SDSM [Vlado BUCKOVSKI];Socialist Party of Macedonia or SP [Ljubisav IVANOV-ZINGO]; UnitedParty for Emancipation or OPE [Nezdet MUSTAFA]
MadagascarAssociation for the Rebirth of Madagascar or AREMA[Pierrot RAJAONARIVO]; Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action forNational Recovery or LEADER/Fanilo [Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO]; FihaonanaParty or FP [Guy-Willy RAZANAMASY]; I Love Madagascar or TIM [MarcRAVALOMANANA]; Renewal of the Social Democratic Party or RPSD[Evariste MARSON]
MalawiAlliance for Democracy or AFORD [Chakufwa CHIHANA]; Congressfor National Unity or CONU; Democratic Progressive Party or DPP[Bingu wa MUTHARIKA]; Malawi Congress Party or MCP [John TEMBO];Malawi Democratic Party or MDP [Kampelo KALUA]; Malawi Forum forUnity and Development or MAFUNDE [George MNESA]; MgwirizanoCoalition or MC [Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA] (coalition of MAFUNDE, MDP,MGODE, NUP, PETRA, PPM, RP); Movement for Genuine Democratic Changeor MGODE [Sam Kandodo BANDA]; National Democratic Alliance or NDA[Brown MPINGANJIRA]; National Unity Party or NUP [Harry CHIUME];People's Progressive Movement or PPM [Aleke BANDA]; People'sTransformation Movement or PETRA [Kamuzu CHIBAMBO]; Republican Partyor RP [Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA]; United Democratic Front or UDF