MexicoUS 53.4%, China 8%, Japan 5.9% (2005)
Micronesia, Federated States ofUS, Japan, Hong Kong (2004)
MoldovaUkraine 20.9%, Russia 11.7%, Romania 11.2%, Germany 8.3%,Italy 6.6%, Turkey 4.1% (2005)
MongoliaRussia 34.5%, China 27.4%, Japan 7.1%, South Korea 5.3%(2005)
MontenegroGreece 10.2%, Italy 10.2%, Germany 9.6%, Bosnia andHerzegovina 9.2% (2003)
MontserratUS, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, Japan, Canada (2004)
MoroccoFrance 18.2%, Spain 11%, Saudi Arabia 6.8%, Russia 6.8%,Italy 6.1%, China 5.2%, Germany 4.7% (2005)
MozambiqueSouth Africa 42.9%, Netherlands 11.5%, Portugal 3.6%(2005)
NamibiaSouth Africa 85.2%, US (2004)
NauruSouth Korea 43.8%, Australia 36.2%, US 5.9%, Germany 4.3%(2005)
NepalIndia 47.7%, UAE 11.2%, China 10.8%, Saudi Arabia 4.9%, Kuwait4.2% (2005)
NetherlandsGermany 16.6%, Belgium 9.3%, China 8.8%, US 7.6%, UK5.8%, France 4.7%, Russia 4.4% (2005)
Netherlands AntillesVenezuela 50.7%, US 20.8%, Italy 4.8%,Netherlands 4.5% (2005)
New CaledoniaFrance 39.3%, Singapore 17.5%, Australia 13.1%, NZ5.3% (2005)
New ZealandAustralia 20.9%, US 11%, Japan 11%, China 10.9%, Germany4.9% (2005)
NicaraguaUS 20.1%, Venezuela 11.9%, Costa Rica 8.9%, Mexico 8.3%,Guatemala 7%, El Salvador 5.1%, Japan 4.5%, Ecuador 4.2% (2005)
NigerFrance 14.5%, US 10.7%, French Polynesia 7.6%, Nigeria 7.5%,Italy 6.8%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.1%, Belgium 4.6%, Germany 4.5%, China4.5% (2005)
NigeriaChina 10.4%, US 7.3%, UK 6.7%, Netherlands 6%, France 5.9%,Brazil 4.3%, Germany 4.2% (2005)
NiueNew Zealand mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2004)
Norfolk IslandAustralia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia,Europe (2004)
Northern Mariana IslandsUS, Japan (2004)
NorwaySweden 14.6%, Germany 13.6%, Denmark 7.3%, UK 6.8%, China5.5%, US 5%, France 4% (2005)
OmanUAE 22.4%, Japan 15.7%, UK 7.7%, US 6.7%, Germany 5.8%, India4.2% (2005)
PakistanSaudi Arabia 11.1%, UAE 10.3%, China 9.2%, Japan 6.4%, US6%, Kuwait 5%, Germany 4.5% (2005)
PalauUS, Singapore, Japan, South Korea (2004)
PanamaUS 27.5%, Netherlands Antilles 11.4%, Costa Rica 4.7%, Japan4.5% (2005)
Papua New GuineaAustralia 54.7%, Singapore 13.4%, Japan 4.3%,Malaysia 4.2% (2005)
ParaguayBrazil 27.2%, China 20.5%, Argentina 19.7%, US 5.3%,Switzerland 4.2% (2005)
PeruUS 18.2%, China 8.5%, Brazil 8%, Ecuador 7.4%, Colombia 6.1%,Argentina 5.1%, Chile 5.1%, Venezuela 4.1% (2005)
PhilippinesUS 19.2%, Japan 17%, Singapore 7.9%, Taiwan 7.5%, China6.3%, South Korea 4.8%, Saudi Arabia 4.6%, Hong Kong 4.1% (2005)
PolandGermany 29.6%, Russia 8.7%, Italy 6.6%, Netherlands 5.9%,France 5.7% (2005)
PortugalSpain 29%, Germany 13.4%, France 8.5%, Italy 5.2%,Netherlands 4.3%, UK 4.2% (2005)
Puerto RicoUS 55.0%, Ireland 23.7%, Japan 5.4% (2004)
QatarFrance 11.4%, Japan 10.4%, US 10.3%, Germany 8.3%, SaudiArabia 7.2%, UK 6.9%, Italy 6.4%, South Korea 5.5%, UAE 4.8% (2005)
RomaniaItaly 15.5%, Germany 14%, Russia 8.3%, France 6.8%, Turkey4.9%, China 4.1% (2005)
RussiaGermany 13.6%, Ukraine 8%, China 7.4%, Japan 6%, Belarus4.7%, US 4.7%, Italy 4.6%, South Korea 4.1% (2005)
RwandaKenya 21.5%, Uganda 6.4%, Belgium 5.7%, Germany 5.5%, Israel4.1% (2005)
Saint HelenaUK 53.5%, South Africa 14.3%, Spain 10.3%, Tanzania8.5%, US 4.6% (2005)
Saint Kitts and NevisUS 46.9%, Trinidad and Tobago 13.7%, UK 5.4%,France 4.5%, Japan 4.2% (2005)
Saint LuciaUS 22.5%, Trinidad and Tobago 14.5%, Netherlands 13.6%,Argentina 6.6%, Venezuela 5.2%, UK 5.2%, France 4.5% (2005)
Saint Pierre and MiquelonFrance 51.3%, Canada 31.8%, Belgium 4.1%(2005)
Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesUS 33.3%, Trinidad and Tobago23.6%, UK 9.4%, Japan 4.2% (2005)
SamoaNZ 31%, Australia 22.6%, US 13.5%, Japan 7.5%, Fiji 6%, China4.6% (2005)
Sao Tome and PrincipePortugal 47.5%, US 17.3%, Malaysia 6.2%,Belgium 5.3% (2005)
Saudi ArabiaUS 14.8%, Japan 9%, Germany 8.2%, China 7.4%, UK 4.7%(2005)
SenegalFrance 22.8%, Nigeria 11.4%, Brazil 4.5%, Thailand 4.3%, US4.2%, UK 4% (2005)
SeychellesSaudi Arabia 15.2%, South Africa 13.9%, Spain 13.6%,France 7.2%, Singapore 6.9%, Italy 5.7% (2005)
Sierra LeoneGermany 18.7%, Cote d'Ivoire 11.1%, UK 8.4%, US 6.8%,China 5.5%, Netherlands 5.3% (2005)
SingaporeMalaysia 14.4%, US 12.4%, China 10.8%, Japan 10.1%,Indonesia 5.5%, Saudi Arabia 4.7%, South Korea 4.5% (2005)
SlovakiaGermany 25.1%, Czech Republic 19.3%, Russia 10.5%, Austria6.1%, Poland 4.7%, Hungary 4.6%, Italy 4.5% (2005)
SloveniaGermany 19.5%, Italy 18.6%, Austria 12%, France 7.1%,Croatia 4.2% (2005)
Solomon IslandsAustralia 26.2%, Singapore 25.7%, NZ 4.7%, Fiji4.2%, Papua New Guinea 4.1% (2005)
SomaliaDjibouti 29.7%, Kenya 14.4%, India 7.9%, Brazil 7.4%, Oman5.2%, UAE 4.9%, Yemen 4.8% (2005)
South AfricaGermany 14.2%, China 9.1%, US 7.9%, Japan 6.8%, Canada6.3%, UK 5.6%, France 4.5%, Iran 4.2% (2005)
SpainGermany 15.3%, France 14.7%, Italy 8.6%, UK 5.8%, Netherlands5%, China 4.2% (2005)
Sri LankaIndia 20.7%, Singapore 8.3%, Hong Kong 7.3%, China 7.1%,Iran 5.9%, Malaysia 4.4%, Japan 4.3% (2005)
SudanChina 20.7%, Saudi Arabia 9.4%, UAE 5.9%, Egypt 5.5%, Japan5.1%, India 4.8% (2005)
SurinameUS 29.3%, Netherlands 17.5%, Trinidad and Tobago 12.7%,China 6.5%, Japan 5.2%, Brazil 4.3% (2005)
SwazilandSouth Africa 95.6%, EU 0.9%, Japan 0.9%, Singapore 0.3%(2004)
SwedenGermany 17.6%, Denmark 8.9%, Norway 7.8%, UK 6.6%,Netherlands 6.2%, Finland 5.8%, France 5% (2005)
SwitzerlandGermany 31.6%, Italy 10.5%, France 10%, US 5.6%,Netherlands 4.8%, Austria 4.6%, UK 4.4% (2005)
SyriaSaudi Arabia 11.6%, China 6.1%, Egypt 5.9%, Italy 5.8%, UAE5.7%, Ukraine 4.6%, Germany 4.5%, Iran 4.2% (2005)
TaiwanJapan 23%, China 11.9%, US 10.9%, South Korea 7.2%, SaudiArabia 4.9% (2006 est.)
TajikistanRussia 19.3%, Kazakhstan 12.7%, Uzbekistan 11.5%,Azerbaijan 8.6%, China 7%, Ukraine 6.2%, Romania 4.6%, Turkmenistan4% (2005)
TanzaniaSouth Africa 13.1%, China 9.5%, India 7%, UAE 6%, Kenya5.1%, UK 4.1% (2005)
ThailandJapan 22%, China 9.4%, US 7.4%, Malaysia 6.8%, UAE 4.8%,Singapore 4.6% (2005)
TogoFrance 17.8%, China 13.3%, Cote d'Ivoire 6.5%, Italy 4.5%,Spain 4.3% (2005)
TokelauNew Zealand (2004)
TongaNZ 33.4%, Fiji 26.6%, Australia 10.5%, US 8.4% (2005)
Trinidad and TobagoUS 27.2%, Venezuela 13.1%, Brazil 13.1%, Japan5.4%, Canada 4.1% (2005)
TunisiaFrance 25.8%, Italy 23.1%, Germany 9.6%, Spain 5.6% (2005)
TurkeyGermany 11.7%, Russia 11%, Italy 6.5%, China 5.9%, France 5%,US 4.6%, UK 4% (2005)
TurkmenistanUAE 12.7%, Azerbaijan 11.1%, US 9.6%, Russia 9.1%,Ukraine 7.6%, Turkey 7.3%, Iran 6.2%, Germany 5.4% (2005)
Turks and Caicos IslandsUS, UK (2004)
TuvaluFiji 46.1%, Japan 18.9%, China 18.2%, Australia 7.7%, NZ 4.1%(2005)
UgandaKenya 32.6%, UAE 8.8%, South Africa 5.8%, India 5.8%, China5.3%, UK 4.5%, US 4.2%, Japan 4.1% (2005)
UkraineRussia 35.5%, Germany 9.4%, Turkmenistan 7.4%, China 5%(2005)
United Arab EmiratesUK 10%, China 9.7%, US 9.4%, India 9.2%,Germany 5.9%, Japan 5.4%, France 4.7%, Singapore 4.1% (2005)
United KingdomGermany 12.8%, US 8.7%, France 7.1%, Netherlands6.6%, China 5%, Norway 4.7%, Belgium 4.6%, Italy 4% (2005)
United StatesCanada 16.9%, China 15%, Mexico 10%, Japan 8.2%,Germany 5% (2005)
UruguayBrazil 21.3%, Argentina 20.3%, Russia 8%, US 6.7%, Venezuela6.3%, China 6.2%, Nigeria 5.9% (2005)
UzbekistanRussia 26.6%, South Korea 15.3%, Germany 8.8%, Kazakhstan7.1%, China 7.1%, Turkey 4.7%, Ukraine 4.7% (2005)
VanuatuAustralia 18.4%, Japan 16.7%, Singapore 14.7%, Poland 8.5%,NZ 7.2%, Fiji 6.3% (2005)
VenezuelaUS 31.6%, Colombia 11%, Brazil 9.1%, Mexico 6.9% (2005)
VietnamChina 15.6%, Singapore 12.4%, Taiwan 11.7%, Japan 11.1%,South Korea 9.7%, Thailand 6.5% (2005)
Virgin IslandsUS, Puerto Rico (2004)
Wallis and FutunaFrance 97%, Australia 2%, NZ 1% (2004)
West BankIsrael, Jordan, Gaza Strip (2004)
Western SaharaMorocco claims and administers Western Sahara, sotrade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts (2006)
WorldChina 9.3%, Germany 9%, US 9%, Japan 6.1%, France 4.2% (2005)
YemenUAE 18.9%, Saudi Arabia 8.9%, Switzerland 8.6%, Kuwait 6.7%,China 6.1%, US 4.5% (2005)
ZambiaSouth Africa 47.6%, UK 12.6%, Zimbabwe 4.3% (2005)
ZimbabweSouth Africa 52.5%, China 5.7%, Botswana 4.1% (2005)
This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007
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@2062 Economic aid - donor
AustraliaODA, $894 million (FY99/00)
AustriaODA, $681 million (2004)
BelgiumODA, $1.072 billion (2002)
CanadaODA, $2.6 billion (2004)
DenmarkODA, $2 billion (2004)
FinlandODA, $850,536,746.4905 (2005)
FranceODA, $5.4 billion (2002)
GermanyODA, $5.6 billion (1998)
Iceland$6.7 million (2004)
IrelandODA, $607 million (2004)
ItalyODA, $1 billion (2002 est.)
JapanODA, $8.9 billion (2004)
Korea, SouthODA, $423.3 million (2004)
LesothoODA, $4.4 million
LuxembourgODA, $235.59 million (2004)
NetherlandsODA, $4 billion (2003 est.)
New ZealandODA, $276 million
NorwayODA, $1.4 billion (1998)
PortugalODA, $271 million (1995)
Saudi Arabiapledged $100 million in 1993 to fund reconstruction ofLebanon; since 2000, Saudi Arabia has committed $307 million forassistance to the Palestinians; pledged $230 million to developmentin Afghanistan; pledged $1 billion in export guarantees and softloans to Iraq; pledged $133 million in direct grant aid, $187million in concessional loans, and $153 million in export creditsfor Pakistan earthquake relief
SpainODA, $1.33 billion (1999)
SwedenODA, $1.7 billion (1997)
SwitzerlandODA, $1.1 billion (1995)
United Arab Emiratessince its founding in 1971, the Abu Dhabi Fundfor Development has given about $5.2 billion in aid to 56 countries(2004)
United KingdomODA, $7.9 billion (2004)
United StatesODA, $6.9 billion (1997)
This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007
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@2063 Constitution
Afghanistannew constitution drafted 14 December 2003-4 January2004; signed 16 January 2004
AkrotiriSovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order inCouncil 1960, effective 16 August 1960
Albaniaadopted by popular referendum on 28 November 1998
Algeria8 September 1963; revised 19 November 1976, effective 22November 1976; revised 3 November 1988, 23 February 1989, and 28November 1996
American Samoaratified 2 June 1966, effective 1 July 1967
AndorraAndorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991,approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 4 May 1993
Angolaadopted by People's Assembly 25 August 1992
AnguillaAnguilla Constitutional Order 1 April 1982; amended 1990
Antigua and Barbuda1 November 1981
Argentina1 May 1853; revised August 1994
Armeniaadopted by nationwide referendum 5 July 1995; amendmentsadopted through a nationwide referendum 27 November 2005
Aruba1 January 1986
Australia9 July 1900, effective 1 January 1901
Austria1920; revised 1929 (reinstated 1 May 1945)
Azerbaijanadopted 12 November 1995
Bahamas, The10 July 1973
Bahrainnew constitution 14 February 2002
Bangladesh4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972; suspendedfollowing coup of 24 March 1982, restored 10 November 1986; amendedmany times
Barbados30 November 1966
Belarus15 March 1994; revised by national referendum of 24 November1996 giving the presidency greatly expanded powers and becameeffective 27 November 1996; revised again 17 October 2004 removingpresidential term limits
Belgium7 February 1831; amended many times; revised 14 July 1993 tocreate a federal state
Belize21 September 1981
Beninadopted by referendum 2 December 1990
Bermuda8 June 1968; amended 1989 and 2003
Bhutanno written constitution or bill of rights; note - in 2001,the king commissioned the drafting of a constitution, and in March2005 publicly unveiled it; is awaiting national referendum
Bolivia2 February 1967; revised in August 1994
Bosnia and Herzegovinathe Dayton Agreement, signed 14 December1995, included a new constitution now in force; note - each of theentities also has its own constitution
BotswanaMarch 1965, effective 30 September 1966
Brazil5 October 1988
British Virgin Islands1 June 1977, amended in 2000
Brunei29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State ofEmergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1January 1984)
Bulgariaadopted 12 July 1991
Burkina Faso2 June 1991 approved by referendum, 11 June 1991formally adopted; amended April 2000 and January 2002
Burma3 January 1974; suspended since 18 September 1988; nationalconvention convened in 1993 to draft a new constitution butcollapsed in 1996; reconvened in 2004 but does not includeparticipation of democratic opposition
Burundi28 February 2005; ratified by popular referendum
Cambodiapromulgated 21 September 1993
Cameroon20 May 1972 approved by referendum, 2 June 1972 formallyadopted; revised January 1996
Canadamade up of unwritten and written acts, customs, judicialdecisions, and traditions; the written part of the constitutionconsists of the Constitution Act of 29 March 1867, which created afederation of four provinces, and the Constitution Act of 17 April1982, which transferred formal control over the constitution fromBritain to Canada, and added a Canadian Charter of Rights andFreedoms as well as procedures for constitutional amendments
Cape Verdenew constitution came into force 25 September 1992;underwent a major revision on 23 November 1995, substantiallyincreasing the powers of the president; a 1999 revision created theposition of national ombudsman (Provedor de Justica)
Cayman Islands1959; revised 1962, 1972, and 1994
Central African Republicratified by popular referendum 5 December2004; effective 27 December 2004
Chadpassed by referendum 31 March 1996; a June 2005 referendumremoved constitutional term limits
Chile11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; amended 1989,1991, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2003, and 2005
Chinamost recent promulgation 4 December 1982
Christmas IslandChristmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958) asamended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992
Cocos (Keeling) IslandsCocos (Keeling) Islands Act of 1955 (23November 1955) as amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992
Colombia5 July 1991
Comoros23 December 2001
Congo, Democratic Republic of the18 February 2006
Congo, Republic of theapproved by referendum 20 January 2002
Cook Islands4 August 1965
Costa Rica7 November 1949
Cote d'Ivoireapproved by referendum 23 July 2000
Croatiaadopted on 22 December 1990; revised 2000, 2001
Cuba24 February 1976; amended July 1992 and June 2002
Cyprus16 August 1960; from December 1963, the Turkish Cypriots nolonger participated in the government; negotiations to create thebasis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and forbetter relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been heldintermittently since the mid-1960s; in 1975, following the 1974Turkish intervention, Turkish Cypriots created their ownconstitution and governing bodies within the "Turkish FederatedState of Cyprus," which became the "Turkish Republic of NorthernCyprus" when the Turkish Cypriots declared their independence in1983; a new constitution for the "TRNC" passed by referendum on 5May 1985, although the "TRNC" remains unrecognized by any countryother than Turkey
Czech Republicratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993
Denmark5 June 1849 adoption of original constitution; a majoroverhaul of 5 June 1953 allowed for a unicameral legislature and afemale chief of state
DhekeliaSovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order inCouncil 1960, effective 16 August 1960
Djiboutimultiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September1992
Dominica3 November 1978
Dominican Republic28 November 1966; amended 25 July 2002
East Timor22 March 2002 (based on the Portuguese model)
Ecuador10 August 1998
Egypt11 September 1971; amended 22 May 1980 and 25 May 2005
El Salvador23 December 1983
Equatorial Guineaapproved by national referendum 17 November 1991;amended January 1995
Eritreaa transitional constitution, decreed on 19 May 1993, wasreplaced by a new constitution adopted on 23 May 1997, but not yetimplemented
Estoniaadopted 28 June 1992
Ethiopiaratified December 1994, effective 22 August 1995
European Unionbased on a series of treaties: the Treaty of Paris,which set up the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951;the Treaties of Rome, which set up the European Economic Community(EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) in 1957;the Single European Act in 1986; the Treaty on European Union(Maastricht) in 1992; the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997; and theTreaty of Nice in 2003; note - a new draft Constitutional Treaty,signed on 29 October 2004 in Rome, gave member states two years forratification either by parliamentary vote or national referendumbefore it was scheduled to take effect on 1 November 2006; defeat inFrench and Dutch referenda in May-June 2005 dealt a severe setbackto the ratification process, though it has continued more slowlywith Finland ratifying in December 2006; as of January 2007, 18countries have ratified the Constitutional Treaty; Germany has maderevival of the EU Constitution a goal of its EU Presidency in 2007
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998
Faroe Islands5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)
Fijienacted on 25 July 1997 to encourage multiculturalism and makemultiparty government mandatory; effective 28 July 1998
Finland1 March 2000
Franceadopted by referendum 28 September 1958, effective 4 October1958; amended concerning election of president in 1962; amended tocomply with provisions of 1992 EC Maastricht Treaty, 1996 AmsterdamTreaty, 2000 Treaty of Nice; amended to tighten immigration laws in1993; amended in 2000 to change the seven-year presidential term toa five-year term; amended in 2005 to make the EU constitutionaltreaty compatible with the Constitution of France and to ensure thatthe decision to ratify EU accession treaties would be made byreferendum
French Polynesia4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Gabonadopted 14 March 1991
Gambia, The24 April 1970; suspended July 1994; rewritten andapproved by national referendum 8 August 1996; reestablished January1997
Georgiaadopted 24 August 1995
Germany23 May 1949, known as Basic Law; became constitution of theunited Germany 3 October 1990
Ghanaapproved 28 April 1992
Gibraltar30 May 1969
Greece11 June 1975; amended March 1986 and April 2001
Greenland5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)
Grenada19 December 1973
GuamOrganic Act of Guam, 1 August 1950
Guatemala31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986; note - suspended25 May 1993 by former President Jorge SERRANO; reinstated 5 June1993 following ouster of president; amended November 1993
Guernseyunwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
Guinea23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale)
Guinea-Bissau16 May 1984; amended 4 May 1991, 4 December 1991, 26February 1993, 9 June 1993, NA 1996
Guyana6 October 1980
Haitiapproved March 1987; suspended June 1988 with most articlesreinstated March 1989; constitutional government ousted in amilitary coup in September 1991, although in October 1991, militarygovernment claimed to be observing the constitution; returned toconstitutional rule in October 1994; constitution, while technicallyin force between 2004-2006, was not enforced; returned toconstitutional rule in May 2006
Holy See (Vatican City) new Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHN PAUL II on 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (replaces the first Fundamental Law of 1929)
Honduras11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982; amended 1995
Hong KongBasic Law, approved in March 1990 by China's NationalPeople's Congress, is Hong Kong's "mini-constitution"
Hungary18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949; revised 19 April1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individualsand constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister andalso established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997amendment streamlined the judicial system
Iceland16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944; amended many times
India26 January 1950; amended many times
IndonesiaAugust 1945; abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 andProvisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959; series ofamemdments concluded in 2002
Iran2-3 December 1979; revised 1989 to expand powers of thepresidency and eliminate the prime ministership
Iraqratified on 15 October 2005 (subject to review by theConstitutional Review Committee and a possible public referendum in2007)
Irelandadopted 1 July 1937 by plebiscite; effective 29 December 1937
Isle of Manunwritten; note - The Isle of Man Constitution Act of1961 does not embody the unwritten Manx Constitution
Israelno formal constitution; some of the functions of aconstitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948),the Basic Laws of the parliament (Knesset), and the Israelicitizenship law
Italypassed 11 December 1947, effective 1 January 1948; amendedmany times
Jamaica6 August 1962
Japan3 May 1947
Jerseyunwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
Jordan1 January 1952; amended 1954, 1955, 1958, 1960, 1965, 1973,1974, 1976, 1984
Kazakhstanfirst post-independence constitution adopted 28 January1993; new constitution adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995
Kenya12 December 1963; amended as a republic 1964; reissued withamendments 1979, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1997, 2001; note - anew draft constitution was defeated by popular referendum in 2005
Kiribati12 July 1979
Korea, Northadopted 1948; completely revised 27 December 1972,revised again in April 1992, and September 1998
Korea, South29 October 1987
Kuwaitapproved and promulgated 11 November 1962
Kyrgyzstanadopted 5 May 1993; note - amendment proposed byPresident Askar AKAYEV and passed in a national referendum on 2February 2003 significantly expanded the powers of the president atthe expense of the legislature; during large-scale demonstrations inNovember 2006, President BAKIYEV and the opposition negotiated a newconstitution granting greater powers to the parliament and thegovernment
Laospromulgated 14 August 1991
Latvia15 February 1922; restored to force by the Constitutional Lawof the Republic of Latvia adopted by the Supreme Council on 21August 1991; multiple amendments since
Lebanon23 May 1926; amended a number of times, most recentlyCharter of Lebanese National Reconciliation (Ta'if Accord) ofOctober 1989
Lesotho2 April 1993
Liberia6 January 1986
Libyanone; note - following the September 1969 military overthrowof the Libyan government, the Revolutionary Command Council replacedthe existing constitution with the Constitutional Proclamation inDecember 1969; in March 1977, Libya adopted the Declaration of theEstablishment of the People's Authority
Liechtenstein5 October 1921
Lithuaniaadopted 25 October 1992
Luxembourg17 October 1868; occasional revisions
MacauBasic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People'sCongress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"
Macedoniaadopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991;amended November 2001 by a series of new constitutional amendmentsstrengthening minority rights and in 2005 with amendments related tothe judiciary
Madagascar19 August 1992 by national referendum
Malawi18 May 1994
Malaysia31 August 1957; amended 16 September 1963
Maldivesadopted 1 January 1998
Maliadopted 12 January 1992
Malta1964 constitution; amended many times
Marshall Islands1 May 1979
Mauritania12 July 1991
Mauritius12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992
Mayotte4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Mexico5 February 1917
Micronesia, Federated States of10 May 1979
Moldovanew constitution adopted 29 July 1994, effective 27 August1994; replaced old Soviet constitution of 1979
Monaco17 December 1962
Mongolia12 February 1992
Montenegro12 October 1992 (was approved by the Assembly); note -Montenegro is currently writing a new constitution set to bepresented to Parliament in spring 2007
Montserrateffective 19 December 1989
Morocco10 March 1972; revised 4 September 1992, amended (to createbicameral legislature) September 1996
Mozambique30 November 1990
Namibiaratified 9 February 1990, effective 12 March 1990
Nauru29 January 1968; amended 17 May 1968 (Constitution Day)
Nepal9 November 1990; the government began working on an interimconstitution in May 2006
Netherlandsadopted 1815; amended many times, most recently in 2002
Netherlands Antilles29 December 1954, Statute of the Realm of theNetherlands, as amended
New Caledonia4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
New Zealandconsists of a series of legal documents, includingcertain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments, as well as TheConstitution Act 1986, which is the principal formal charter;adopted 1 January 1987, effective 1 January 1987
Nicaragua9 January 1987; reforms in 1995 and 2000
Nigernew constitution adopted 18 July 1999
Nigerianew constitution adopted May 1999
Niue19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)
Norfolk IslandNorfolk Island Act of 1979, as amended in 2005
Northern Mariana IslandsConstitution of the Commonwealth of theNorthern Mariana Islands effective 1 January 1978; CovenantAgreement fully effective 4 November 1986
Norway17 May 1814; amended many times
Omannone; note - on 6 November 1996, Sultan QABOOS issued a royaldecree promulgating a basic law considered by the government to be aconstitution which, among other things, clarifies the royalsuccession, provides for a prime minister, bars ministers fromholding interests in companies doing business with the government,establishes a bicameral legislature, and guarantees basic civilliberties for Omani citizens
Pakistan12 April 1973; suspended 5 July 1977, restored withamendments 30 December 1985; suspended 15 October 1999, restored instages in 2002; amended 31 December 2003
Palau1 January 1981
Panama11 October 1972; major reforms adopted 1978, 1983, 1994, and2004
Papua New Guinea16 September 1975
Paraguaypromulgated 20 June 1992
Peru31 December 1993
Philippines2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987
Pitcairn Islands30 November 1838; reformed 1904 with additionalreforms in 1940; further refined by the Local Government Ordinanceof 1964
Polandadopted by the National Assembly 2 April 1997, passed bynational referendum 25 May 1997, effective 17 October 1997
Portugal25 April 1976; revised many times
Puerto Ricoratified 3 March 1952, approved by US Congress 3 July1952, effective 25 July 1952
Qatarratified by public referendum on 29 April 2003, endorsed bythe amir on 8 June 2004, effective on 9 June 2005
Romania8 December 1991; revision effective 29 October 2003
Russiaadopted 12 December 1993
Rwandanew constitution adopted 4 June 2003
Saint Helena1 January 1989
Saint Kitts and Nevis19 September 1983
Saint Lucia22 February 1979
Saint Pierre and Miquelon4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines27 October 1979
Samoa1 January 1962
San Marino8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of thefunctions of a constitution
Sao Tome and Principeapproved March 1990, effective 10 September1990
Saudi Arabiagoverned according to Shari'a law; the Basic Law thatarticulates the government's rights and responsibilities wasintroduced in 1993
Senegalnew constitution adopted 7 January 2001
Serbia10 November 2006
Seychelles18 June 1993
Sierra Leone1 October 1991; subsequently amended several times
Singapore3 June 1959; amended 1965 (based on preindependence Stateof Singapore Constitution)
Slovakiaratified 1 September 1992, effective 1 January 1993;changed in September 1998 to allow direct election of the president;amended February 2001 to allow Slovakia to apply for NATO and EUmembership
Sloveniaadopted 23 December 1991
Solomon Islands7 July 1978
Somalia25 August 1979, presidential approval 23 September 1979note: the formation of transitional governing institutions, known asthe Transitional Federal Government, is currently ongoing
South Africa10 December 1996; this new constitution was certifiedby the Constitutional Court on 4 December 1996, was signed by thenPresident MANDELA on 10 December 1996, and entered into effect on 3February 1997; it is being implemented in phases
Spain6 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978
Sri Lankaadopted 16 August 1978, certified 31 August 1978
Sudan12 April 1973; suspended following coup of 6 April 1985;interim constitution of 10 October 1985 suspended following coup of30 June 1989; new constitution implemented on 30 June 1998 partiallysuspended 12 December 1999 by President BASHIR; under the CPA,Interim National Constitution ratified 5 July 2005; Constitution ofSouthern Sudan signed December 2005
Surinameratified 30 September 1987
Swazilandthe first constitution was signed into law in July 2005and is scheduled to be implemented in January 2006
Sweden1 January 1975
Switzerlandrevision of Constitution of 1874 approved by the FederalParliament 18 December 1998, adopted by referendum 18 April 1999,officially entered into force 1 January 2000
Syria13 March 1973
Taiwan25 December 1947; amended in 1992, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2000,2005note: constitution adopted on 25 December 1946; went into effect on25 December 1947
Tajikistan6 November 1994
Tanzania25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984
Thailandconstitution signed by King PHUMIPHON on 11 October 1997;abrogated on 19 September 2006 after coup; interim constitutionpromulgated on 1 October 2006; coup leaders have promised newconstitution by mid 2007
Togomultiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of theRepublic 1 July 1992, adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992
Tokelauadministered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948; amendedin 1970
Tonga4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967
Trinidad and Tobago1 August 1976
Tunisia1 June 1959; amended 1988, 2002
Turkey7 November 1982
Turkmenistanadopted 18 May 1992
Turks and Caicos IslandsTurks and Caicos Islands Constitution Order2006 (effective 9 August 2006)
Tuvalu1 October 1978
Uganda8 October 1995; in 2005 the constitution was amended removingpresidential term limits and legalizing a multiparty political system
Ukraineadopted 28 June 1996
United Arab Emirates2 December 1971; made permanent in 1996
United Kingdomunwritten; partly statutes, partly common law andpractice
United States17 September 1787, effective 4 March 1789
Uruguay27 November 1966, effective February 1967; suspended 27 June1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980; twoconstitutional reforms approved by plebiscite 26 November 1989 and 7January 1997
Uzbekistannew constitution adopted 8 December 1992
Vanuatu30 July 1980
Venezuela30 December 1999
Vietnam15 April 1992
Virgin IslandsRevised Organic Act of 22 July 1954
Wallis and Futuna4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Yemen16 May 1991; amended 29 September 1994 and February 2001
Zambia24 August 1991; amended in 1996 to establish presidentialterm limits
Zimbabwe21 December 1979
This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007
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@2064 Economic aid - recipient
Afghanistaninternational pledges made by more than 60 countries andinternational financial institutions at the Berlin Donors Conferencefor Afghan reconstruction in March 2004 reached $8.9 billion for2004-09
AlbaniaODA: $366 million (top donors were Italy, EU, Germany) (2003est.)
Algeria$313 million (2004 est.)
American Samoaimportant financial support from the US, more than$40 million in 1994
Andorranone
Angola$383.5 million (1999)
Anguilla$9 million (2004 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda$1.65 million (2004)
Argentina$0 (2002)
ArmeniaODA, $254 million (2004)
Aruba$-11.3 million (2004)
AzerbaijanODA, $140 million (2000 est.)
Bahamas, The$5 million (2004)
Bahrain$150 million; note - $50 million annually since 1992 fromthe UAE and Kuwait (2002)
Bangladesh$1.575 billion (2000 est.)
Barbados$9.1 million (1995)
Belarus$194.3 million (1995)
Belize$NA
Benin$342.6 million (2000)
Bermuda$NA
Bhutan$78 million substantial aid from India and other nations(2004)
Bolivia$221 million (2005 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina$650 million (2001 est.)
Botswana$73 million (1995)
Brazil$30 billion (2002)
British Virgin Islands$NA
Brunei$770,000 (2004)
Bulgaria$475 million (2004-06 est.)
Burkina Faso$468.4 million (2003)
Burma$127 million (2001 est.)
Burundi$105.5 million (2003)
Cambodia$504 million pledged in grants and concessional loans for2005 by international donors
Cameroonin January 2001, the Paris Club agreed to reduce Cameroon'sdebt of $1.3 billion by $900 million; debt relief now totals $1.26billion
Cape Verde$136 million (1999)
Cayman Islands$390,000 (2004)
Central African RepublicODA, $59.8 million; note - traditionalbudget subsidies from France (2002 est.)
Chad$238.3 million received; note - $125 million committed byTaiwan (August 1997); $30 million committed by African DevelopmentBank; ODA $246.9 million (2003 est.)
Chile$0 (2002)
China$NA
Christmas Island$NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands$NA
Colombia$NA
Comoros$24 million (2003 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the$2.2 billion (FY03/04)
Congo, Republic of the$159.1 million (1995)
Cook Islands$13.1 million; note - New Zealand continues to furnishthe greater part (1995)
Cote d'IvoireODA, $1 billion (1996 est.)
CroatiaODA, $166.5 million (2002)
Cuba$68.2 million (1997 est.)
CyprusRepublic of Cyprus - $NA; north Cyprus - $700 million fromTurkey in grants and loans, which are usually forgiven (2003-06)
Czech Republic$2.4 billion in available EU structural adjustmentand cohesion funds (2004-06)
Djibouti$64.1 million (2004)
Dominica$29.2 million (2004 est.)
Dominican Republic$571.6 million (2004)
East Timor$153 million (2004 est.)
Ecuador$216 million (2002)
EgyptODA, $1.12 billion (2002)
El Salvador$125 million of which, $53 million from US (2003)
Equatorial Guinea$NA
Eritrea$77 million (1999)
Estonia$108 million (2000)
Ethiopia$308 million (FY00/01)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)$0 (1997 est.)
Faroe Islands$135 million (annual subsidy from Denmark) (1998)
Fiji$63.9 million (2004)
French Polynesia$580 million (2004)
Gabon$331 million (1995)
Gambia, The$59.8 million (2003)
Gaza Strip$1.14 billion; note - includes West Bank (2004 est.)
GeorgiaODA, $150 million (2000 est.)
Ghana$6.9 billion
Gibraltar$NA
Greece$8 billion from EU (2000-06)
Greenland$380 million subsidy from Denmark (1997)
Grenada$15.4 million (2004)
GuamGuam receives large transfer payments from the US FederalTreasury ($143 million in 1997) into which Guamanians pay no incomeor excise taxes; under the provisions of a special law of Congress,the Guam Treasury, rather than the US Treasury, receives federalincome taxes paid by military and civilian Federal employeesstationed in Guam (2001 est.)
Guatemala$250 million (2000 est.)
Guernsey$NA
Guinea$237.5 million (2003)
Guinea-Bissau$115.4 million (1995)
Guyana$84 million (1995), Heavily Indebted Poor Country Initiative(HIPC) $253 million (1997)
Haiti$153 million (FY05 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City)$0
Honduras$557.8 million (1999)
Hungary$3.4 billion in available EU structural adjustment andcohesion funds (2004-06)
India$2.9 billion (FY98/99)
Indonesia$43 billion (2002 est.)note: Indonesia finished its IMF program in December 2003 but stillreceives bilateral aid through the Consultative Group on Indonesia(CGI), which pledged $2.8 billion in grants and loans for 2004 andagain in 2005; nearly $5 billion in aid money pledged by a varietybilateral, multilateral, and non-governmental organization (NGO)donors following the 2004 tsunami; money is slated for use in reliefand rebuilding efforts in Aceh
Iran$408 million (2002 est.)
Iraqmore than $33 billion in foreign aid pledged for 2004-07 (2004)
Isle of Man$NA
Israel$240 million from US (FY06)
Jamaica$18.5 million; note - US aid only (2004)
Jersey$0
JordanODA, $752 million (2005 est.)
Kazakhstan$74.2 million in US assistance programs, 1992-2000(FY2004)
Kenya$453 million (1997)
Kiribati$16.7 million largely from UK and Japan (2004)
Korea, North$NA; note - approximately 350,000 metric tons in foodaid, worth approximately $118 million, through the World FoodProgram appeal in 2004, plus additional aid from bilateral donorsand non-governmental organizations
Kuwait$NA (2001)
Kyrgyzstan$50 million from the US (2001)
Laos$243 million (2001 est.)
Latvia$96.2 million
Lebanon$2.2 billion received (2003), out of the $4.2 billion insoft loans pledged at the November 2002 Paris II Aid Conference
Lesotho$41.5 million (2000)
Liberia$94 million (1999)
LibyaODA, $18 million (2004 est.)
Liechtenstein$0
Lithuania$1.6 billion (1995)
Macau$NA
MacedoniaNA
Madagascar$354 million (2001)
Malawi$401.5 million (2001)
Maldives$27.9 million (2004)
Mali$472.1 million (2002)
Malta$NA
Marshall Islands$51.1 million more than $1 billion from the US,1986-2002 (2004)
Mauritania$305.7 million (2002)
Mauritius$42 million (1997)
Mayotte$208 million; note - extensive French financial assistance(2004)
Mexico$1.166 billion (1995)
Micronesia, Federated States of $86.3 million under terms of the Compact of Free Association, the US pledged $1.3 billion in grant aid during the period 1986-2001; the level of aid has been subsequently reduced (2004)
Moldova$100 million (2000)
Monaco$NA
Mongolia$215 million (2003)
MontenegroNA
MontserratCountry Policy Plan (2001) is a three-year program forspending $122.8 million in British budgetary assistance (2002 est.)
MoroccoODA, $706 million (2004)
Mozambique$632.8 million (2001)
NamibiaODA, $160 million (2000 est.)
Nauru$20 million mostly from Australia (2005)
Nepal$424 million (FY00/01)
Netherlands Antilles $21.5 million IMF provided $61 million in 2000, and the Netherlands continued its support with $40 million (2004)
New Caledonia$525 million annual subsidy from France (2004)
Nicaragua$419.5 million (2005 est.)
Niger$453.3 million (2003)
Nigeria$250 million
Niue$2.6 million from New Zealand (2002)
Norfolk Island$NA
Northern Mariana Islandsextensive funding from US
Oman$76.4 million (1995)
Pakistan$2.4 billion (FY01/02)
Palau$19.6 million; note - the Compact of Free Association with theUS, entered into after the end of the UN trusteeship on 1 October1994, provides Palau with up to $700 million in US aid over 15 yearsin return for furnishing military facilities (2004)
Panama$197.1 million (1995)
Papua New Guinea$NA
Paraguay$NA
Peru$491 million (2002)
PhilippinesODA commitments, $2 billion (2004)
Pitcairn Islands$3.465 million (2004)
Poland$13.9 billion in available EU structural adjustment andcohesion funds (2004-06)
Puerto Rico$NA
Qatar$NA
Russiain FY01 from US, $979 million (including $750 million innon-proliferation subsidies); in 2001 from EU, $200 million (2000est.)
Rwanda$425 million (2003)
Saint Helena$12.6 million (1995); note - $5.3 million from UK (1997)
Saint Kitts and Nevis$-110,000 (2004)
Saint Lucia$-21.5 million (2004)
Saint Pierre and Miquelonapproximately $60 million in annual grantsfrom France
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines$10.5 million (1995); note - EU$34.5 million (2004)
Samoa$30.8 million (2004)
San Marino$NA
Sao Tome and Principe $200 million in December 2000 under the HIPC program
Senegal$449.6 million (2003 est.)
Serbia$2 billion pledged in 2001 to Serbia and Montenegro(disbursements to follow over several years; aid pledged by EU andUS has been placed on hold because of lack of cooperation by Serbiain handing over General Ratko MLADIC to the criminal court in TheHague)