British Virgin Islandsarable land: 20%permanent crops: 6.67%other: 73.33% (2005)
Bruneiarable land: 2.08%permanent crops: 0.87%other: 97.05% (2005)
Bulgariaarable land: 29.94%permanent crops: 1.9%other: 68.16% (2005)
Burkina Fasoarable land: 17.66%permanent crops: 0.22%other: 82.12% (2005)
Burmaarable land: 14.92%permanent crops: 1.31%other: 83.77% (2005)
Burundiarable land: 35.57%permanent crops: 13.12%other: 51.31% (2005)
Cambodiaarable land: 20.44%permanent crops: 0.59%other: 78.97% (2005)
Cameroonarable land: 12.54%permanent crops: 2.52%other: 84.94% (2005)
Canadaarable land: 4.57%permanent crops: 0.65%other: 94.78% (2005)
Cape Verdearable land: 11.41%permanent crops: 0.74%other: 87.85% (2005)
Cayman Islandsarable land: 3.85%permanent crops: 0%other: 96.15% (2005)
Central African Republicarable land: 3.1%permanent crops: 0.15%other: 96.75% (2005)
Chadarable land: 2.8%permanent crops: 0.02%other: 97.18% (2005)
Chilearable land: 2.62%permanent crops: 0.43%other: 96.95% (2005)
Chinaarable land: 14.86%permanent crops: 1.27%other: 83.87% (2005)
Christmas Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park) (2005)
Clipperton Islandarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (all coral) (2005)
Cocos (Keeling) Islandsarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (2005)
Colombiaarable land: 2.01%permanent crops: 1.37%other: 96.62% (2005)
Comorosarable land: 35.87%permanent crops: 23.32%other: 40.81% (2005)
Congo, Democratic Republic of thearable land: 2.86%permanent crops: 0.47%other: 96.67% (2005)
Congo, Republic of thearable land: 1.45%permanent crops: 0.15%other: 98.4% (2005)
Cook Islandsarable land: 16.67%permanent crops: 8.33%other: 75% (2005)
Coral Sea Islandsarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (mostly grass or scrub cover) (2005)
Costa Ricaarable land: 4.4%permanent crops: 5.87%other: 89.73% (2005)
Cote d'Ivoirearable land: 10.23%permanent crops: 11.16%other: 78.61% (2005)
Croatiaarable land: 25.82%permanent crops: 2.19%other: 71.99% (2005)
Cubaarable land: 27.63%permanent crops: 6.54%other: 65.83% (2005)
Cyprusarable land: 10.81%permanent crops: 4.32%other: 84.87% (2005)
Czech Republicarable land: 38.82%permanent crops: 3%other: 58.18% (2005)
Denmarkarable land: 52.59%permanent crops: 0.19%other: 47.22% (2005)
Djiboutiarable land: 0.04%permanent crops: 0%other: 99.96% (2005)
Dominicaarable land: 6.67%permanent crops: 21.33%other: 72% (2005)
Dominican Republicarable land: 22.49%permanent crops: 10.26%other: 67.25% (2005)
East Timorarable land: 8.2%permanent crops: 4.57%other: 87.23% (2005)
Ecuadorarable land: 5.71%permanent crops: 4.81%other: 89.48% (2005)
Egyptarable land: 2.92%permanent crops: 0.5%other: 96.58% (2005)
El Salvadorarable land: 31.37%permanent crops: 11.88%other: 56.75% (2005)
Equatorial Guineaarable land: 4.63%permanent crops: 3.57%other: 91.8% (2005)
Eritreaarable land: 4.78%permanent crops: 0.03%other: 95.19% (2005)
Estoniaarable land: 12.05%permanent crops: 0.35%other: 87.6% (2005)
Ethiopiaarable land: 10.01%permanent crops: 0.65%other: 89.34% (2005)
Europa Islandarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (mangrove forests and woodlands) (2005)
European Unionarable land: NA%permanent crops: NA%other: NA%
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)arable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (2005)
Faroe Islandsarable land: 2.14%permanent crops: 0%other: 97.86% (2005)
Fijiarable land: 10.95%permanent crops: 4.65%other: 84.4% (2005)
Finlandarable land: 6.54%permanent crops: 0.02%other: 93.44% (2005)
Francearable land: 33.46%permanent crops: 2.03%other: 64.51%note: French Guiana - arable land 0.13%, permanent crops 0.04%,other 99.83% (90% forest, 10% other); Guadeloupe - arable land11.70%, permanent crops 2.92%, other 85.38%; Martinique - arableland 9.09%, permanent crops 10.0%, other 80.91%; Reunion - arableland 13.94%, permanent crops 1.59%, other 84.47% (2005)
French Polynesiaarable land: 0.75%permanent crops: 5.5%other: 93.75% (2005)
French Southern and Antarctic Landsarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (2005)
Gabonarable land: 1.21%permanent crops: 0.64%other: 98.15% (2005)
Gambia, Thearable land: 27.88%permanent crops: 0.44%other: 71.68% (2005)
Gaza Striparable land: 29%permanent crops: 21%other: 50% (2002)
Georgiaarable land: 11.51%permanent crops: 3.79%other: 84.7% (2005)
Germanyarable land: 33.13%permanent crops: 0.6%other: 66.27% (2005)
Ghanaarable land: 17.54%permanent crops: 9.22%other: 73.24% (2005)
Gibraltararable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (2005)
Glorioso Islandsarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (all lush vegetation and coconut palms) (2005)
Greecearable land: 20.45%permanent crops: 8.59%other: 70.96% (2005)
Greenlandarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (2005)
Grenadaarable land: 5.88%permanent crops: 29.41%other: 64.71% (2005)
Guamarable land: 3.64%permanent crops: 18.18%other: 78.18% (2005)
Guatemalaarable land: 13.22%permanent crops: 5.6%other: 81.18% (2005)
Guernseyarable land: NA%permanent crops: NA%other: NA%
Guineaarable land: 4.47%permanent crops: 2.64%other: 92.89% (2005)
Guinea-Bissauarable land: 8.31%permanent crops: 6.92%other: 84.77% (2005)
Guyanaarable land: 2.23%permanent crops: 0.14%other: 97.63% (2005)
Haitiarable land: 28.11%permanent crops: 11.53%other: 60.36% (2005)
Heard Island and McDonald Islandsarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (2005)
Holy See (Vatican City)arable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (urban area) (2005)
Hondurasarable land: 9.53%permanent crops: 3.21%other: 87.26% (2005)
Hong Kongarable land: 5.05%permanent crops: 1.01%other: 93.94% (2001)
Howland Islandarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (2001)
Hungaryarable land: 49.58%permanent crops: 2.06%other: 48.36% (2005)
Icelandarable land: 0.07%permanent crops: 0%other: 99.93% (2005)
Iles EparsesBassas da India - 100% rock, coral reef, and sand;Europa Island - 100% mangrove swamp and dry woodlands; GloriosoIslands - 100% lush vegetation and coconut palms; Juan de NovaIsland - 90% forest, 10% other; Tromelin Island - 100% grasses andscattered brush
Indiaarable land: 48.83%permanent crops: 2.8%other: 48.37% (2005)
Indonesiaarable land: 11.03%permanent crops: 7.04%other: 81.93% (2005)
Iranarable land: 9.78%permanent crops: 1.29%other: 88.93% (2005)
Iraqarable land: 13.12%permanent crops: 0.61%other: 86.27% (2005)
Irelandarable land: 16.82%permanent crops: 0.03%other: 83.15% (2005)
Isle of Manarable land: 9%permanent crops: 0%other: 91% (permanent pastures, forests, mountain, and heathland)(2002)
Israelarable land: 15.45%permanent crops: 3.88%other: 80.67% (2005)
Italyarable land: 26.41%permanent crops: 9.09%other: 64.5% (2005)
Jamaicaarable land: 15.83%permanent crops: 10.01%other: 74.16% (2005)
Jan Mayenarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (2005)
Japanarable land: 11.64%permanent crops: 0.9%other: 87.46% (2005)
Jarvis Islandarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (2005)
Jerseyarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (2005)
Johnston Atollarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (2005)
Jordanarable land: 3.32%permanent crops: 1.18%other: 95.5% (2005)
Juan de Nova Islandarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (90% forest) (2005)
Kazakhstanarable land: 8.28%permanent crops: 0.05%other: 91.67% (2005)
Kenyaarable land: 8.01%permanent crops: 0.97%other: 91.02% (2005)
Kingman Reefarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (2005)
Kiribatiarable land: 2.74%permanent crops: 47.95%other: 49.31% (2005)
Korea, Northarable land: 22.4%permanent crops: 1.66%other: 75.94% (2005)
Korea, Southarable land: 16.58%permanent crops: 2.01%other: 81.41% (2005)
Kuwaitarable land: 0.84%permanent crops: 0.17%other: 98.99% (2005)
Kyrgyzstanarable land: 6.55%permanent crops: 0.28%other: 93.17%note: Kyrgyzstan has the world's largest natural growth walnutforest (2005)
Laosarable land: 4.01%permanent crops: 0.34%other: 95.65% (2005)
Latviaarable land: 28.19%permanent crops: 0.45%other: 71.36% (2005)
Lebanonarable land: 16.35%permanent crops: 13.75%other: 69.9% (2005)
Lesothoarable land: 10.87%permanent crops: 0.13%other: 89% (2005)
Liberiaarable land: 3.43%permanent crops: 1.98%other: 94.59% (2005)
Libyaarable land: 1.03%permanent crops: 0.19%other: 98.78% (2005)
Liechtensteinarable land: 25%permanent crops: 0%other: 75% (2005)
Lithuaniaarable land: 44.81%permanent crops: 0.9%other: 54.29% (2005)
Luxembourgarable land: 23.94%permanent crops: 0.39%other: 75.67% (includes Belgium) (2005)
Macauarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (2005)
Macedoniaarable land: 22.01%permanent crops: 1.79%other: 76.2% (2005)
Madagascararable land: 5.03%permanent crops: 1.02%other: 93.95% (2005)
Malawiarable land: 20.68%permanent crops: 1.18%other: 78.14% (2005)
Malaysiaarable land: 5.46%permanent crops: 17.54%other: 77% (2005)
Maldivesarable land: 13.33%permanent crops: 30%other: 56.67% (2005)
Maliarable land: 3.76%permanent crops: 0.03%other: 96.21% (2005)
Maltaarable land: 31.25%permanent crops: 3.13%other: 65.62% (2005)
Marshall Islandsarable land: 11.11%permanent crops: 44.44%other: 44.45% (2005)
Mauritaniaarable land: 0.2%permanent crops: 0.01%other: 99.79% (2005)
Mauritiusarable land: 49.02%permanent crops: 2.94%other: 48.04% (2005)
Mayottearable land: NA%permanent crops: NA%other: NA%
Mexicoarable land: 12.66%permanent crops: 1.28%other: 86.06% (2005)
Micronesia, Federated States ofarable land: 5.71%permanent crops: 45.71%other: 48.58% (2005)
Midway Islandsarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (2005)
Moldovaarable land: 54.52%permanent crops: 8.81%other: 36.67% (2005)
Monacoarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (urban area) (2005)
Mongoliaarable land: 0.76%permanent crops: 0%other: 99.24% (2005)
Montenegroarable land: 13.7%permanent crops: 1%other: 85.3%
Montserratarable land: 20%permanent crops: 0%other: 80% (2005)
Moroccoarable land: 19%permanent crops: 2%other: 79% (2005)
Mozambiquearable land: 5.43%permanent crops: 0.29%other: 94.28% (2005)
Namibiaarable land: 0.99%permanent crops: 0.01%other: 99% (2005)
Nauruarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (2005)
Navassa Islandarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (2005)
Nepalarable land: 16.07%permanent crops: 0.85%other: 83.08% (2005)
Netherlandsarable land: 21.96%permanent crops: 0.77%other: 77.27% (2005)
Netherlands Antillesarable land: 10%permanent crops: 0%other: 90% (2005)
New Caledoniaarable land: 0.32%permanent crops: 0.22%other: 99.46% (2005)
New Zealandarable land: 5.54%permanent crops: 6.92%other: 87.54% (2005)
Nicaraguaarable land: 14.81%permanent crops: 1.82%other: 83.37% (2005)
Nigerarable land: 11.43%permanent crops: 0.01%other: 88.56% (2005)
Nigeriaarable land: 33.02%permanent crops: 3.14%other: 63.84% (2005)
Niuearable land: 11.54%permanent crops: 15.38%other: 73.08% (2005)
Norfolk Islandarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (2005)
Northern Mariana Islandsarable land: 13.04%permanent crops: 4.35%other: 82.61% (2005)
Norwayarable land: 2.7%permanent crops: 0%other: 97.3% (2005)
Omanarable land: 0.12%permanent crops: 0.14%other: 99.74% (2005)
Pakistanarable land: 24.44%permanent crops: 0.84%other: 74.72% (2005)
Palauarable land: 8.7%permanent crops: 4.35%other: 86.95% (2005)
Palmyra Atollarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (forests and woodlands) (2005)
Panamaarable land: 7.26%permanent crops: 1.95%other: 90.79% (2005)
Papua New Guineaarable land: 0.49%permanent crops: 1.4%other: 98.11% (2005)
Paracel Islandsarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (2005)
Paraguayarable land: 7.47%permanent crops: 0.24%other: 92.29% (2005)
Peruarable land: 2.88%permanent crops: 0.47%other: 96.65% (2005)
Philippinesarable land: 19%permanent crops: 16.67%other: 64.33% (2005)
Pitcairn Islandsarable land: NA%permanent crops: NA%other: NA%
Polandarable land: 40.25%permanent crops: 1%other: 58.75% (2005)
Portugalarable land: 17.29%permanent crops: 7.84%other: 74.87% (2005)
Puerto Ricoarable land: 3.69%permanent crops: 5.59%other: 90.72% (2005)
Qatararable land: 1.64%permanent crops: 0.27%other: 98.09% (2005)
Romaniaarable land: 39.49%permanent crops: 1.92%other: 58.59% (2005)
Russiaarable land: 7.17%permanent crops: 0.11%other: 92.72% (2005)
Rwandaarable land: 45.56%permanent crops: 10.25%other: 44.19% (2005)
Saint Helenaarable land: 12.9%permanent crops: 0%other: 87.1% (2005)
Saint Kitts and Nevisarable land: 19.44%permanent crops: 2.78%other: 77.78% (2005)
Saint Luciaarable land: 6.45%permanent crops: 22.58%other: 70.97% (2005)
Saint Pierre and Miquelonarable land: 12.5%permanent crops: 0%other: 87.5% (2005)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadinesarable land: 17.95%permanent crops: 17.95%other: 64.1% (2005)
Samoaarable land: 21.13%permanent crops: 24.3%other: 54.57% (2005)
San Marinoarable land: 16.67%permanent crops: 0%other: 83.33% (2005)
Sao Tome and Principearable land: 8.33%permanent crops: 48.96%other: 42.71% (2005)
Saudi Arabiaarable land: 1.67%permanent crops: 0.09%other: 98.24% (2005)
Senegalarable land: 12.51%permanent crops: 0.24%other: 87.25% (2005)
Serbiaarable land: NApermanent crops: NAother: NA
Seychellesarable land: 2.17%permanent crops: 13.04%other: 84.79% (2005)
Sierra Leonearable land: 7.95%permanent crops: 1.05%other: 91% (2005)
Singaporearable land: 1.47%permanent crops: 1.47%other: 97.06% (2005)
Slovakiaarable land: 29.23%permanent crops: 2.67%other: 68.1% (2005)
Sloveniaarable land: 8.53%permanent crops: 1.43%other: 90.04% (2005)
Solomon Islandsarable land: 0.62%permanent crops: 2.04%other: 97.34% (2005)
Somaliaarable land: 1.64%permanent crops: 0.04%other: 98.32% (2005)
South Africaarable land: 12.1%permanent crops: 0.79%other: 87.11% (2005)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islandsarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with somesparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen) (2005)
Spainarable land: 27.18%permanent crops: 9.85%other: 62.97% (2005)
Spratly Islandsarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (2005)
Sri Lankaarable land: 13.96%permanent crops: 15.24%other: 70.8% (2005)
Sudanarable land: 6.78%permanent crops: 0.17%other: 93.05% (2005)
Surinamearable land: 0.36%permanent crops: 0.06%other: 99.58% (2005)
Svalbardarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry andcloudberry) (2005)
Swazilandarable land: 10.25%permanent crops: 0.81%other: 88.94% (2005)
Swedenarable land: 5.93%permanent crops: 0.01%other: 94.06% (2005)
Switzerlandarable land: 9.91%permanent crops: 0.58%other: 89.51% (2005)
Syriaarable land: 24.8%permanent crops: 4.47%other: 70.73% (2005)
Taiwanarable land: 24%permanent crops: 1%other: 75% (2001)
Tajikistanarable land: 6.52%permanent crops: 0.89%other: 92.59% (2005)
Tanzaniaarable land: 4.23%permanent crops: 1.16%other: 94.61% (2005)
Thailandarable land: 27.54%permanent crops: 6.93%other: 65.53% (2005)
Togoarable land: 44.2%permanent crops: 2.11%other: 53.69% (2005)
Tokelauarable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile)permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (2005)
Tongaarable land: 20%permanent crops: 14.67%other: 65.33% (2005)
Trinidad and Tobagoarable land: 14.62%permanent crops: 9.16%other: 76.22% (2005)
Tromelin Islandarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (grasses; scattered bushes) (2005)
Tunisiaarable land: 17.05%permanent crops: 13.08%other: 69.87% (2005)
Turkeyarable land: 29.81%permanent crops: 3.39%other: 66.8% (2005)
Turkmenistanarable land: 4.51%permanent crops: 0.14%other: 95.35% (2005)
Turks and Caicos Islandsarable land: 2.33%permanent crops: 0%other: 97.67% (2005)
Tuvaluarable land: 0%permanent crops: 66.67%other: 33.33% (2005)
Ugandaarable land: 21.57%permanent crops: 8.92%other: 69.51% (2005)
Ukrainearable land: 53.8%permanent crops: 1.5%other: 44.7% (2005)
United Arab Emiratesarable land: 0.77%permanent crops: 2.27%other: 96.96% (2005)
United Kingdomarable land: 23.23%permanent crops: 0.2%other: 76.57% (2005)
United Statesarable land: 18.01%permanent crops: 0.21%other: 81.78% (2005)
United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refugesarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (2005)
Uruguayarable land: 7.77%permanent crops: 0.24%other: 91.99% (2005)
Uzbekistanarable land: 10.51%permanent crops: 0.76%other: 88.73% (2005)
Vanuatuarable land: 1.64%permanent crops: 6.97%other: 91.39% (2005)
Venezuelaarable land: 2.85%permanent crops: 0.88%other: 96.27% (2005)
Vietnamarable land: 20.14%permanent crops: 6.93%other: 72.93% (2005)
Virgin Islandsarable land: 5.71%permanent crops: 2.86%other: 91.43% (2005)
Wake Islandarable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (2005)
Wallis and Futunaarable land: 7.14%permanent crops: 35.71%other: 57.15% (2005)
West Bankarable land: 16.9%permanent crops: 18.97%other: 64.13% (2001)
Western Saharaarable land: 0.02%permanent crops: 0%other: 99.98% (2005)
Worldarable land: 13.31%permanent crops: 4.71%other: 81.98% (2005)
Yemenarable land: 2.91%permanent crops: 0.25%other: 96.84% (2005)
Zambiaarable land: 6.99%permanent crops: 0.04%other: 92.97% (2005)
Zimbabwearable land: 8.24%permanent crops: 0.33%other: 91.43% (2005)
This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007
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@2098 Languages (%)
AfghanistanAfghan Persian or Dari (official) 50%, Pashtu (official)35%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minorlanguages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism
AkrotiriEnglish, Greek
AlbaniaAlbanian (official - derived from Tosk dialect), Greek,Vlach, Romani, Slavic dialects
AlgeriaArabic (official), French, Berber dialects
American SamoaSamoan 90.6% (closely related to Hawaiian and otherPolynesian languages), English 2.9%, Tongan 2.4%, other Pacificislander 2.1%, other 2%note: most people are bilingual (2000 census)
AndorraCatalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese
AngolaPortuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages
AnguillaEnglish (official)
Antigua and BarbudaEnglish (official), local dialects
ArgentinaSpanish (official), English, Italian, German, French
ArmeniaArmenian 97.7%, Yezidi 1%, Russian 0.9%, other 0.4% (2001census)
ArubaDutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch,English dialect), English (widely spoken), Spanish
AustraliaEnglish 79.1%, Chinese 2.1%, Italian 1.9%, other 11.1%,unspecified 5.8% (2001 Census)
AustriaGerman (official nationwide), Slovene (official inCarinthia), Croatian (official in Burgenland), Hungarian (officialin Burgenland)
AzerbaijanAzerbaijani (Azeri) 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other6% (1995 est.)
Bahamas, TheEnglish (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)
BahrainArabic, English, Farsi, Urdu
BangladeshBangla (official, also known as Bengali), English
BarbadosEnglish
BelarusBelarusian, Russian, other
BelgiumDutch (official) 60%, French (official) 40%, German(official) less than 1%, legally bilingual (Dutch and French)
BelizeEnglish (official), Spanish, Mayan, Garifuna (Carib), Creole
BeninFrench (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars insouth), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north)
BermudaEnglish (official), Portuguese
BhutanDzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects,Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects
BoliviaSpanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official)
Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnian, Croatian, Serbian
BotswanaSetswana 78.2%, Kalanga 7.9%, Sekgalagadi 2.8%, English2.1% (official), other 8.6%, unspecified 0.4% (2001 census)
BrazilPortuguese (official), Spanish, English, French
British Virgin IslandsEnglish (official)
BruneiMalay (official), English, Chinese
BulgariaBulgarian 84.5%, Turkish 9.6%, Roma 4.1%, other andunspecified 1.8% (2001 census)
Burkina FasoFrench (official), native African languages belongingto Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population
BurmaBurmese, minority ethnic groups have their own languages
BurundiKirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along LakeTanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)
CambodiaKhmer (official) 95%, French, English
Cameroon24 major African language groups, English (official),French (official)
CanadaEnglish (official) 59.3%, French (official) 23.2%, other 17.5%
Cape VerdePortuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and WestAfrican words)
Cayman IslandsEnglish
Central African RepublicFrench (official), Sangho (lingua francaand national language), tribal languages
ChadFrench (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), morethan 120 different languages and dialects
ChileSpanish
ChinaStandard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijingdialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan(Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages(see Ethnic groups entry)
Christmas IslandEnglish (official), Chinese, Malay
Cocos (Keeling) IslandsMalay (Cocos dialect), English
ColombiaSpanish
ComorosArabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (a blend ofSwahili and Arabic)
Congo, Democratic Republic of theFrench (official), Lingala (alingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili orSwahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba
Congo, Republic of theFrench (official), Lingala and Monokutuba(lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects(of which Kikongo is the most widespread)
Cook IslandsEnglish (official), Maori
Costa RicaSpanish (official), English
Cote d'IvoireFrench (official), 60 native dialects with Dioula themost widely spoken
CroatiaCroatian 96.1%, Serbian 1%, other and undesignated 2.9%(including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German) (2001census)
CubaSpanish
CyprusGreek, Turkish, English
Czech RepublicCzech
DenmarkDanish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German(small minority)note: English is the predominant second language
DhekeliaEnglish, Greek
DjiboutiFrench (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar
DominicaEnglish (official), French patois
Dominican RepublicSpanish
East TimorTetum (official), Portuguese (official), Indonesian,Englishnote: there are about 16 indigenous languages; Tetum, Galole,Mambae, and Kemak are spoken by significant numbers of people
EcuadorSpanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially Quechua)
EgyptArabic (official), English and French widely understood byeducated classes
El SalvadorSpanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians)
Equatorial GuineaSpanish (official), French (official), pidginEnglish, Fang, Bubi, Ibo
EritreaAfar, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushiticlanguages
EstoniaEstonian (official) 67.3%, Russian 29.7%, other 2.3%,unknown 0.7% (2000 census)
EthiopiaAmharic, Tigrinya, Oromigna, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic,other local languages, English (major foreign language taught inschools)
European UnionBulgarian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian,Finnish, French, Gaelic, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Latvian,Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene,Spanish, Swedish; note - only official languages are listed
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)English
Faroe IslandsFaroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish
FijiEnglish (official), Fijian (official), Hindustani
FinlandFinnish 92% (official), Swedish 5.6% (official), other 2.4%(small Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities) (2003)
FranceFrench 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects andlanguages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque,Flemish)overseas departments: French, Creole patois
French PolynesiaFrench 61.1% (official), Polynesian 31.4%(official), Asian languages 1.2%, other 0.3%, unspecified 6% (2002census)
GabonFrench (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira,Bandjabi
Gambia, TheEnglish (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, otherindigenous vernaculars
Gaza StripArabic, Hebrew (spoken by many Palestinians), English(widely understood)
GeorgiaGeorgian 71% (official), Russian 9%, Armenian 7%, Azeri 6%,other 7%note: Abkhaz is the official language in Abkhazia
GermanyGerman
GhanaEnglish (official), African languages (including Akan,Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga)
GibraltarEnglish (used in schools and for official purposes),Spanish, Italian, Portuguese
GreeceGreek 99% (official), English, French
GreenlandGreenlandic (East Inuit), Danish, English
GrenadaEnglish (official), French patois
GuamEnglish 38.3%, Chamorro 22.2%, Philippine languages 22.2%,other Pacific island languages 6.8%, Asian languages 7%, otherlanguages 3.5% (2000 census)
GuatemalaSpanish 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (23 officiallyrecognized Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel,Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca)
GuernseyEnglish, French, Norman-French dialect spoken in countrydistricts
GuineaFrench (official); note - each ethnic group has its ownlanguage
Guinea-BissauPortuguese (official), Crioulo, African languages
GuyanaEnglish, Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, Urdu
HaitiFrench (official), Creole (official)
Holy See (Vatican City)Italian, Latin, French, various otherlanguages
HondurasSpanish, Amerindian dialects
Hong KongChinese (Cantonese), English; both are official
HungaryHungarian 93.6%, other or unspecified 6.4% (2001 census)
IcelandIcelandic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken
IndiaEnglish enjoys associate status but is the most importantlanguage for national, political, and commercial communication;Hindi is the national language and primary tongue of 30% of thepeople; there are 14 other official languages: Bengali, Telugu,Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi,Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and Sanskrit; Hindustani is a popularvariant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but isnot an official language
IndonesiaBahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay),English, Dutch, local dialects, the most widely spoken of which isJavanese
IranPersian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2%
IraqArabic, Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Assyrian,Armenian
IrelandEnglish (official) is the language generally used, Irish(official) (Gaelic or Gaeilge) spoken mainly in areas located alongthe western seaboard
Isle of ManEnglish, Manx Gaelic
IsraelHebrew (official), Arabic used officially for Arab minority,English most commonly used foreign language
ItalyItalian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adigeregion are predominantly German speaking), French (smallFrench-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene(Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area)
JamaicaEnglish, patois English
JapanJapanese
JerseyEnglish 94.5% (official), Portuguese 4.6%, other 0.9% (2001census)
JordanArabic (official), English widely understood among upper andmiddle classes
KazakhstanKazakh (Qazaq, state language) 64.4%, Russian (official,used in everyday business, designated the "language of interethniccommunication") 95% (2001 est.)
KenyaEnglish (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenouslanguages
KiribatiI-Kiribati, English (official)
Korea, NorthKorean
Korea, SouthKorean, English widely taught in junior high and highschool
KuwaitArabic (official), English widely spoken
KyrgyzstanKyrgyz (official), Russian (official)
LaosLao (official), French, English, and various ethnic languages
LatviaLatvian (official) 58.2%, Russian 37.5%, Lithuanian and other4.3% (2000 census)
LebanonArabic (official), French, English, Armenian
LesothoSesotho (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa
LiberiaEnglish 20% (official), some 20 ethnic group languages, ofwhich a few can be written and are used in correspondence
LibyaArabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in themajor cities
LiechtensteinGerman (official), Alemannic dialect
LithuaniaLithuanian (official) 82%, Russian 8%, Polish 5.6%, otherand unspecified 4.4% (2001 census)
LuxembourgLuxembourgish (national language), German (administrativelanguage), French (administrative language)
MacauCantonese 87.9%, Hokkien 4.4%, Mandarin 1.6%, other Chinesedialects 3.1%, other 3% (2001 census)
MacedoniaMacedonian 66.5%, Albanian 25.1%, Turkish 3.5%, Roma 1.9%,Serbian 1.2%, other 1.8% (2002 census)
MadagascarFrench (official), Malagasy (official)
MalawiChichewa 57.2% (official), Chinyanja 12.8%, Chiyao 10.1%,Chitumbuka 9.5%, Chisena 2.7%, Chilomwe 2.4%, Chitonga 1.7%, other3.6% (1998 census)
MalaysiaBahasa Melayu (official), English, Chinese (Cantonese,Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu,Malayalam, Panjabi, Thainote: in East Malaysia there are several indigenous languages; mostwidely spoken are Iban and Kadazan
MaldivesMaldivian Dhivehi (dialect of Sinhala, script derived fromArabic), English spoken by most government officials
MaliFrench (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages
MaltaMaltese (official), English (official)
Marshall IslandsMarshallese 98.2%, other languages 1.8% (1999census)note: English widely spoken as a second language; both Marshalleseand English are official languages
MauritaniaArabic (official), Pulaar, Soninke, French, Hassaniya,Wolof
MauritiusCreole 80.5%, Bhojpuri 12.1%, French 3.4%, English(official; spoken by less than 1% of the population), other 3.7%,unspecified 0.3% (2000 census)
MayotteMahorian (a Swahili dialect), French (official language)spoken by 35% of the population
MexicoSpanish, various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regionalindigenous languages
Micronesia, Federated States ofEnglish (official and commonlanguage), Trukese, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Kosrean, Ulithian, Woleaian,Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi
MoldovaMoldovan (official, virtually the same as the Romanianlanguage), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect)
MonacoFrench (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
MongoliaKhalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999)
MontenegroSerbian (Ijekavian dialect - official), Bosnian,Albanian, Croatian
MontserratEnglish
MoroccoArabic (official), Berber dialects, French often thelanguage of business, government, and diplomacy
MozambiqueEmakhuwa 26.1%, Xichangana 11.3%, Portuguese 8.8%(official; spoken by 27% of population as a second language), Elomwe7.6%, Cisena 6.8%, Echuwabo 5.8%, other Mozambican languages 32%,other foreign languages 0.3%, unspecified 1.3% (1997 census)
NamibiaEnglish 7% (official), Afrikaans common language of most ofthe population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%,indigenous languages (Oshivambo, Herero, Nama)
NauruNauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language),English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government andcommercial purposes
NepalNepali 47.8%, Maithali 12.1%, Bhojpuri 7.4%, Tharu(Dagaura/Rana) 5.8%, Tamang 5.1%, Newar 3.6%, Magar 3.3%, Awadhi2.4%, other 10%, unspecified 2.5% (2001 census)note: many in government and business also speak English
NetherlandsDutch (official), Frisian (official)
Netherlands AntillesPapiamento 65.4% (aSpanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect), English 15.9% (widelyspoken), Dutch 7.3% (official), Spanish 6.1%, Creole 1.6%, other1.9%, unspecified 1.8% (2001 census)
New CaledoniaFrench (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects
New ZealandEnglish (official), Maori (official), Sign Language(official)
NicaraguaSpanish 97.5% (official), Miskito 1.7%, other 0.8% (1995census)note: English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast
NigerFrench (official), Hausa, Djerma
NigeriaEnglish (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani
NiueNiuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan andSamoan; English
Norfolk IslandEnglish (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th centuryEnglish and ancient Tahitian
Northern Mariana IslandsPhilippine languages 24.4%, Chinese 23.4%,Chamorro 22.4%, English 10.8%, other Pacific island languages 9.5%,other 9.6% (2000 census)
NorwayBokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official),small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities; note - Sami is officialin six municipalities
OmanArabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects
PakistanPunjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%,Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%,English (official and lingua franca of Pakistani elite and mostgovernment ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%
PalauPalauan 64.7% official in all islands except Sonsoral(Sonsoralese and English are official), Tobi (Tobi and English areofficial), and Angaur (Angaur, Japanese, and English are official),Filipino 13.5%, English 9.4%, Chinese 5.7%, Carolinian 1.5%,Japanese 1.5%, other Asian 2.3%, other languages 1.5% (2000 census)
PanamaSpanish (official), English 14%; note - many Panamaniansbilingual
Papua New GuineaMelanesian Pidgin serves as the lingua franca,English spoken by 1%-2%, Motu spoken in Papua regionnote: 820 indigenous languages spoken (over one-tenth of the world'stotal)
ParaguaySpanish (official), Guarani (official)
PeruSpanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara, and a largenumber of minor Amazonian languages
Philippinestwo official languages - Filipino (based on Tagalog) andEnglish; eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano,Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinan
Pitcairn IslandsEnglish (official), Pitcairnese (mixture of an 18thcentury English dialect and a Tahitian dialect)
PolandPolish 97.8%, other and unspecified 2.2% (2002 census)
PortugalPortuguese (official), Mirandese (official - but locallyused)
Puerto RicoSpanish, English
QatarArabic (official), English commonly used as a second language
RomaniaRomanian (official), Hungarian, German
RussiaRussian, many minority languages
RwandaKinyarwanda (official) universal Bantu vernacular, French(official), English (official), Kiswahili (Swahili) used incommercial centers
Saint HelenaEnglish
Saint Kitts and NevisEnglish
Saint LuciaEnglish (official), French patois
Saint Pierre and MiquelonFrench (official)
Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesEnglish, French patois
SamoaSamoan (Polynesian), English
San MarinoItalian
Sao Tome and PrincipePortuguese (official)
Saudi ArabiaArabic
SenegalFrench (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka
SerbiaSerbian (official nationwide); Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak,Ukrainian, and Croatian (all official in Vojvodina); Albanian(official in Kosovo)
SeychellesCreole 91.8%, English 4.9% (official), other 3.1%,unspecified 0.2% (2002 census)
Sierra LeoneEnglish (official, regular use limited to literateminority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne(principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole,spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settledin the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10%of the population but understood by 95%)
SingaporeMandarin 35%, English 23%, Malay 14.1%, Hokkien 11.4%,Cantonese 5.7%, Teochew 4.9%, Tamil 3.2%, other Chinese dialects1.8%, other 0.9% (2000 census)
SlovakiaSlovak (official) 83.9%, Hungarian 10.7%, Roma 1.8%,Ukrainian 1%, other or unspecified 2.6% (2001 census)
SloveniaSlovenian 91.1%, Serbo-Croatian 4.5%, other or unspecified4.4% (2002 census)
Solomon IslandsMelanesian pidgin in much of the country is linguafranca; English is official but spoken by only 1%-2% of thepopulationnote: 120 indigenous languages
SomaliaSomali (official), Arabic, Italian, English
South AfricaIsiZulu 23.8%, IsiXhosa 17.6%, Afrikaans 13.3%, Sepedi9.4%, English 8.2%, Setswana 8.2%, Sesotho 7.9%, Xitsonga 4.4%,other 7.2% (2001 census)
SpainCastilian Spanish 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2%;note - Castilian is the official language nationwide; the otherlanguages are official regionally
Sri LankaSinhala (official and national language) 74%, Tamil(national language) 18%, other 8%note: English is commonly used in government and is spokencompetently by about 10% of the population
SudanArabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects ofNilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, Englishnote: program of "Arabization" in process
SurinameDutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo(Surinamese, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is native language ofCreoles and much of the younger population and is lingua francaamong others), Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese
SvalbardNorwegian, Russian
SwazilandEnglish (official, government business conducted inEnglish), siSwati (official)
SwedenSwedish, small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
SwitzerlandGerman (official) 63.7%, French (official) 20.4%,Italian (official) 6.5%, Serbo-Croatian 1.5%, Albanian 1.3%,Portuguese 1.2%, Spanish 1.1%, English 1%, Romansch 0.5%, other 2.8%(2000 census)note: German, French, Italian, and Romansch are all nationallanguages, but only the first three are official languages
SyriaArabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassianwidely understood; French, English somewhat understood
TaiwanMandarin Chinese (official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects
TajikistanTajik (official), Russian widely used in government andbusiness
TanzaniaKiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahiliin Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce,administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken inZanzibar), many local languagesnote: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu peopleliving in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahiliis Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a varietyof sources, including Arabic and English, and it has become thelingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language ofmost people is one of the local languages
ThailandThai, English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic andregional dialects
TogoFrench (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina(the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimesspelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in thenorth)
TokelauTokelauan (a Polynesian language), English
TongaTongan, English
Trinidad and TobagoEnglish (official), Hindi, French, Spanish,Chinese
TunisiaArabic (official and one of the languages of commerce),French (commerce)
TurkeyTurkish (official), Kurdish, Dimli (or Zaza), Azeri, Kabardiannote: there is also a substantial Gagauz population in the Europepart of Turkey
TurkmenistanTurkmen 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%
Turks and Caicos IslandsEnglish (official)
TuvaluTuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui)
UgandaEnglish (official national language, taught in grade schools,used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radiobroadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congolanguages, preferred for native language publications in the capitaland may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages,Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic
UkraineUkrainian (official) 67%, Russian 24%, small Romanian-,Polish-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities
United Arab EmiratesArabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu
United KingdomEnglish, Welsh (about 26% of the population ofWales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland)
United StatesEnglish 82.1%, Spanish 10.7%, other Indo-European3.8%, Asian and Pacific island 2.7%, other 0.7% (2000 census)note: Hawaiian is an official language in the state of Hawaii
UruguaySpanish, Portunol, or Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish mix onthe Brazilian frontier)
UzbekistanUzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
Vanuatulocal languages (more than 100) 72.6%, pidgin (known asBislama or Bichelama) 23.1%, English 1.9%, French 1.4%, other 0.3%,unspecified 0.7% (1999 Census)
VenezuelaSpanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects
VietnamVietnamese (official), English (increasingly favored as asecond language), some French, Chinese, and Khmer; mountain arealanguages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)
Virgin IslandsEnglish 74.7%, Spanish or Spanish Creole 16.8%,French or French Creole 6.6%, other 1.9% (2000 census)