AndorraAndorran Democratic Center Party or CDA (formerly DemocraticParty or PD); Century 21 or S21 [Enric TARRADO]; Liberal Party ofAndorra or PLA (formerly Liberal Union or UL) [Albert PINTATSANTOLARIA]; Social Democratic Party or PS (formerly part ofNational Democratic Group or AND) [Jaume BARTUMEU CASSANY]
AngolaLiberal Democratic Party or PLD [Analia de Victoria PEREIRA];National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [disputedleadership: Lucas NGONDA, Holden ROBERTO]; National Union for theTotal Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA] (largestopposition party); Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola orMPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS] (ruling party in power since 1975);Social Renewal Party or PRS [disputed leadership: Eduardo KUANGANA,Antonio MUACHICUNGO]note: about a dozen minor parties participated in the 1992 electionsbut only won a few seats; they and the other 115 smaller partieshave little influence in the National Assembly
AnguillaAnguilla United Movement or AUM [Hubert HUGHES]; TheAnguilla United Front or AUF [Osbourne FLEMING, Victor BANKS], acoalition of the Anguilla Democratic Party or ADP and the AnguillaNational Alliance or ANA; Anguilla Progressive Party or APP [RoyROGERS]; Anguilla Strategic Alternative or ANSA [Edison BAIRD]
Antigua and BarbudaAntigua Labor Party or ALP [Lester Bryant BIRD];Barbudans for a Better Barbuda [Ordrick SAMUEL]; Barbuda People'sMovement or BPM [Thomas H. FRANK]; Barbuda People's Movement forChange [Arthur NIBBS]; National Democratic Congress [TillmanTHOMAS]; United Progressive Party or UPP [Baldwin SPENCER] (acoalition of three parties - Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movementor ACLM, Progressive Labor Movement or PLM, United NationalDemocratic Party or UNDP)
ArgentinaAffirmation for an Egalitarian Republic or ARI [ElisaCARRIO]; Front for Victory or FV [Nestor KIRCHNER]; InterbloqueFederal or IF (a broad coalition of approximately 12 partiesincluding PRO); Justicialist Front or FJ [leader NA]; JusticialistParty or PJ (Peronist umbrella political organization); RadicalCivic Union or UCR [Gerardo MORALES]; Republican Proposal or PRO(including Federal Recreate Movement or RECREAR [Ricardo LOPEZMURPHY] and Commitment for Change or CPC [Mauricio MACRI]);Socialist Party or PS [Ruben GIUSTINIANI]; Union For All [PatriciaBULLRICH]; several provincial parties
ArmeniaAgro-Industrial Party [Vladimir BADALYAN]; Armenia Party(Hayastan) [Myasnik MALKHASYAN]; Armenian National Movement or ANM[Artashes ZURABYAN]; Armenian Ramkavar Liberal Party or HRAK[Harutyun MIRZAKHANYAN, chairman]; Armenian Revolutionary Federation("Dashnak" Party) or ARF [Hrant MARKARYAN]; Democratic Party [AramSARKISYAN]; Justice Bloc (comprised of the Democratic Party,National Democratic Party, National Democratic Union, the People'sParty, and the Republic Party) [Stepan DEMIRCHYAN]; NationalDemocratic Party [Shavarsh KOCHARIAN]; National Democratic Union orNDU [Vazgen MANUKIAN]; National Revival Party [Albert BAZEYAN];National Unity Party [Artashes GEGHAMYAN, chairman]; People's Partyof Armenia [Stepan DEMIRCHYAN]; Republic Party [Aram SARKISYAN,chairman]; Republican Party or RPA [Andranik MARGARYAN]; Rule of LawParty [Artur BAGHDASARYAN]; Union of Constitutional Rights [HrantKHACHATURYAN]; United Labor Party [Gurgen ARSENYAN]
ArubaAliansa/Aruban Social Movement or MSA [Robert WEVER]; ArubanLiberal Organization or OLA [Glenbert CROES]; Aruban PatrioticMovement or MPA [Monica ARENDS-KOCK]; Aruban Patriotic Party or PPA[Benny NISBET]; Aruban People's Party or AVP [Mike EMAN]; People'sElectoral Movement Party or MEP [Nelson O. ODUBER]; Real Democracyor PDR [Andin BIKKER]; RED [Rudy LAMPE]; Workers Political Platformor PTT [Gregorio WOLFF]
AustraliaAustralian Democrats [Lyn ALLISON]; Australian Greens [BobBROWN]; Australian Labor Party [Kevin RUDD]; Country Liberal Party[Jodeen CARNEY]; Family First Party [Steve FIELDING]; Liberal Party[John Winston HOWARD]; The Nationals [Mark VAILE]
AustriaAlliance for the Future of Austria or BZOe [PeterWESENTHALER]; Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Wilhelm MOLTERE];Freedom Party of Austria or FPOe [Heinz Christian STRACHE]; SocialDemocratic Party of Austria or SPOe [Alfred GUSENBAUER]; The Greens[Alexander VAN DER BELLEN]
AzerbaijanAzerbaijan Popular Front or APF [Ali KARIMLI, leader of"Reform" faction; Mirmahmud MIRALI-OGLU, leader of "Classic"faction]; Civic Solidarity Party or CSP [Sabir RUSTAMKHANLY]; CivicUnion Party [Ayaz MUTALIBOV]; Communist Party of Azerbaijan or CPA[Ramiz AHMADOV]; Compatriot Party [Mais SAFARLI]; Democratic Partyfor Azerbaijan or DPA [Rasul QULIYEV, chairman]; Justice Party[Ilyas ISMAILOV]; Liberal Party of Azerbaijan [Lala ShovkatHACIYEVA]; Motherland Party; Musavat [Isa GAMBAR, chairman]; YeniAzerbaijan Party; Party for National Independence of Azerbaijan orPNIA [Etibar MAMMADLI, chairman]; Social Democratic Party ofAzerbaijan or SDP [Araz ALIZADE]note: opposition parties regularly factionalize and form new parties
Bahamas, TheFree National Movement or FNM [Hubert INGRAHAM];Progressive Liberal Party or PLP [Perry CHRISTIE]
Bahrainpolitical parties prohibited but political societies werelegalized per a July 2005 law
BangladeshAwami League or AL [Sheikh HASINA]; Bangladesh CommunistParty or BCP [Saifuddin Ahmed MANIK]; Bangladesh Nationalist Partyor BNP [Khaleda ZIA]; Islami Oikya Jote or IOJ [Mufti Fazlul HaqAMINI]; Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh or JIB [Motiur Rahman NIZAMI];Jatiya Party or JP (Ershad faction) [Hussain Mohammad ERSHAD];Jatiya Party (Manzur faction) [Naziur Rahman MANZUR]; LiberalDemocratic Party or LDP [Badrudozza CHOWDHURY and Oli AHMED]
BarbadosBarbados Labor Party or BLP [Owen ARTHUR]; Democratic LaborParty or DLP [David THOMPSON]; People's Empowerment Party or PEP[David COMISSIONG]
Belaruspro-government parties: Agrarian Party or AP [MikhailSHIMANSKY]; Belarusian Communist Party or KPB; Belarusian PatrioticMovement (Belarusian Patriotic Party) or BPR [Nikolai ULAKHOVICH,chairman]; Liberal Democratic Party of Belarus [Sergei GAYDUKEVICH];Party of Labor and Justice [Viktor SOKOLOV]; Social-Sports Party[Vladimir ALEXANDROVICH]opposition parties: 10 Plus Coalition [Alyaksandr MILINKEVICH],includes: Belarusian Party of Communists or PKB [Syarhey KALYAKIN];Belarusian Party of Labor (unregistered) [Aleksandr BUKHVOSTOV,Leonid LEMESHONAK]; Belarusian Popular Front or BPF [VintsyukVYACHORKA]; Belarusian Social-Democratic Gramada [StanislavSHUSHKEVICH]; Green Party [Oleg GROMYKO]; Party of Freedom andProgress (unregistered) [Vladimir NOVOSYAD]; United Civic Party orUCP [Anatol LYABEDKA]; Women's Party "Nadezhda" [ValentinaMATUSEVICH, chairperson]other opposition includes: Belarusian Social-Democratic PartyNardonaya Hromada or BSDP NH [Alyaksandr KOZULIN, chairman];Christian Conservative BPF [Zyanon PAZNIAK]; Ecological Party ofGreens [Mikhail KARTASH]; Party of Popular Accord [Sergei YERMAKK];Republican Party [Vladimir BELAZOR]
BelgiumFlemish parties: Christian Democrats and Flemish or CD & V[Jo VANDEURZEN]; Flemish Liberal and Democrats or VLD [Bart SOMERS];GROEN! (formerly AGALEV, Flemish Greens) [Vera DUA]; New FlemishAlliance or NVA [Bart DE WEVER]; Social Progressive Alternative orSP.A [Johan Vande LANOTTE]; Spirit [Geert LAMBERT] (new party nowassociated with SP.A); Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest) or VB [FrankVANHECKE]Francophone parties: Ecolo (Francophone Greens) [Jean-Michel JAVAUX,Isabelle DURANT, Claude BROUIR]; Humanist and Democratic Center ofCDH [Joelle MILQUET]; National Front or FN [Daniel FERET]; ReformMovement or MR [Didier REYNDERS]; Socialist Party or PS [Elio DIRUPO]; other minor parties
BelizePeople's United Party or PUP [Said MUSA]; United DemocraticParty or UDP [Dean BARROW, party leader; Douglas SINGH, partychairman]
BeninAlliance of Progress Forces or AFP; African Movement forDemocracy and Progress or MADEP [Sefou FAGBOHOUN]; DemocraticRenewal Party or PRD [Adrien HOUNGBEDJI]; Impulse for Progress andDemocracy or IPD; Key Force or FC; Movement for Development andSolidarity or MDS; Movement for Development by the Culture-SaluteParty-Congress of People for Progress Alliance or AllianceMDC-PS-CPP; New Alliance or NA; Rally for Democracy and Progress orRDP; Renaissance Party du Benin or RB [Nicephore SOGLO]; The StarAlliance (Alliance E'toile) [Sacca LAFIA]; Union of Tomorrow's Beninor UBF [Bruno AMOUSSOU]note: approximately 20 additional minor parties
BermudaProgressive Labor Party or PLP [Ewart BROWN]; United BermudaParty or UBP [Wayne FURBERT]
Bhutanno legal parties
BoliviaBolivian Socialist Falange or FSB [Romel PANTOJA]; CivicSolidarity Union or UCS [Johnny FERNANDEZ]; Free Bolivia Movement orMBL [Franz BARRIOS]; Marshal of Ayacucho Institutional Vanguard orVIMA [Freddy ZABALA]; Movement of the Revolutionary Left or MIR[Jaime PAZ Zamora]; Movement Toward Socialism or MAS [Juan EvoMORALES Ayma]; Movement Without Fear or MSM [Juan DEL GRANADO];National Revolutionary Movement or MNR [Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA];New Republican Force or NFR [Manfred REYES-VILLA]; PachakutiIndigenous Movement or MIP [Felipe QUISPE Huanca]; Poder DemocraticoNacional or PODEMOS [Jorge Fernando QUIROGA Ramirez]; SocialistParty or PS [Jeres JUSTINIANO]
Bosnia and HerzegovinaAlliance of Independent Social Democrats orSNSD [Milorad DODIK]; Bosnian Party or BOSS [Mirnes AJANOVIC]; CivicDemocratic Party or GDS [Ibrahim SPAHIC]; Croat Christian DemocraticUnion of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HKDU [Marin TOPIC]; Croat Partyof Rights or HSP [Zvonko JURISIC]; Croat Peasants Party or HSS[Marko TADIC]; Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovinaor HDZ-BH [Dragan COVIC]; Croatian Democratic Union 1990 or HDZ1990[Bozo LJUBIC]; Croatian Peoples Union [Milenko BRKIC]; DemocraticNational Union or DNZ [Rifet DOLIC]; Democratic Peoples Alliance orDNS [Marko PAVIC]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDS [Rasim KADIC];New Croat Initiative or NHI [Kresimir ZUBAK]; Party for Bosnia andHerzegovina or SBiH [Haris SILAJDZIC]; Party for Democratic Actionor SDA [Sulejman TIHIC]; Party of Democratic Progress or PDP [MladenIVANIC]; Serb Democratic Party or SDS [Mladen BOSIC]; Serb RadicalParty of the Republika Srpska or SRS-RS [Milanko MIHAJLICA]; SerbRadical Party-Dr. Vojislav Seselj or SRS-VS [Radislav KANJERIC];Social Democratic Party of BIH or SDP [Zlatko LAGUMDZIJA]; SocialDemocratic Union or SDU [Sejfudin TOKIC]; Socialist Party ofRepublika Srpska or SPRS [Petar DJOKIC]
BotswanaBotswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim LepetuSETSHWAELO]; Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Otlaadisa KOOSALETSE];Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Festus G. MOGAE]; BotswanaNational Front or BNF [Otswoletse MOUPO]; Botswana Peoples Party orBPP; MELS Movement of Botswana or MELS; New Democratic Front or NDFnote: a number of minor parties joined forces in 1999 to form theBAM but did not capture any parliamentary seats - includes theUnited Action Party [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]; the IndependenceFreedom Party or IFP [Motsamai MPHO]; the Botswana Progressive Union[D. K. KWELE]
BrazilBrazilian Democratic Movement Party or PMDB [Federal DeputyMichel TEMER]; Brazilian Labor Party or PTB [Flavio de CASTROMARTINEZ]; Brazilian Renewal Labor Party or PRTB [Jose Levy FidelixDA CRUZ]; Brazilian Republican Party or PRB [Vitor Paulo Araujo DOSSANTOS]; Brazilian Social Democracy Party or PSDB [Senator TassoJEREISSATI]; Brazilian Socialist Party or PSB [Federal DeputyEduardo Henrique Accioly CAMPOS]; Communist Party of Brazil or PCdoB[Jose Renato RABELO]; Democratic Labor Party or PDT [Carlos RobertoLUPI]; Democratic Socialist Party or PSD [Luis Marques MENDES];Green Party or PV [Jose Luiz de Franca PENNA]; Humanist Party ofSolidarity or PHS [leader NA]; Liberal Party or PL [Federal DeputyValdemar COSTA Neto]; National Order Reconstruction Party or PRONA[Federal Deputy Dr. Eneas Ferreira CARNEIRO]; Partido MunicipalistaRenovador or PMR [Natal Wellington Rodrigues FURUCHO]; PopularSocialist Party or PPS [Federal Deputy Roberto FREIRE]; ProgressiveParty or PP [Federal Deputy Pedro CORREA]; Social Christian Party orPSC [Vitor Jorge ABDALA NOSSEIS]; Workers' Party or PT [Ricardo JoseRibeiro BERZOINI]
British Virgin IslandsConcerned Citizens Movement or CCM [EthlynSMITH]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Orlando SMITH]; UnitedParty or UP [Gregory MADURO]; Virgin Islands Party or VIP [Ralph T.O'NEAL]
BruneiBrunei Solidarity National Party (PPKB) [Haji Mohd HATTA binHaji Zainal Abidin]; National Development Party (NDP) [YASSINAffendi]; People's Awareness Party (PAKAR) [Awang Haji MAIDIN binHaji Ahmad]note: parties are small and have limited activity (2005)
BulgariaATAKA (Attack Coalition) (coalition of parties headed bythe Attack National Union); Attack National Union [Volen SIDEROV];Bulgarian Agrarian National Union-People's Union or BANU [AnastasiaMOZER]; Bulgarian People's Union or BPU (coalition of UFD, IMRO, andBANU); Bulgarian Socialist Party or BSP [Sergei STANISHEV];Coalition for Bulgaria or CfB (coalition of parties dominated byBSP) [Sergei STANISHEV]; Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria or DSB[Ivan KOSTOV]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization orIMRO [Krasimir KARAKACHANOV]; Movement for Rights and Freedoms orMRF [Ahmed DOGAN]; National Movement for Simeon II or NMS2 [SimeonSAXE-COBURG-GOTHA]; New Time [Emil KOSHLUKOV]; Union of DemocraticForces or UDF [Petar STOYANOV]; Union of Free Democrats or UFD[Stefan SOFIYANSKI]; United Democratic Forces or UtDF (a coalitionof center-right parties dominated by UDF)
Burkina FasoAfrican Democratic Rally-Alliance for Democracy andFederation or ADF-RDA [Gilbert OUEDRAOGO]; Confederation forFederation and Democracy or CFD [Amadou Diemdioda DICKO]; Congressfor Democracy and Progress or CDP [Roch Marc-Christian KABORE];Movement for Tolerance and Progress or MTP [Nayabtigungou CongoKABORE]; Party for African Independence or PAI [Philippe OUEDRAOGO];Party for Democracy and Progress/Socialist Party or PDP/PS [AliLANKOANDE]; Rally of Ecologists of Burkina Faso or RDEB [RamOUEDRAGO]; Republican Party for Integration and Solidarity or PARIS[Cyril GOUNGOUNGA]; Union for the Republic or UPR [Toussaint AbelCOULIBALY]
BurmaNational League for Democracy or NLD [AUNG SHWE, chairman,AUNG SAN SUU KYI, general secretary]; National Unity Party or NUP(pro-regime) [TUN YE]; Shan Nationalities League for Democracy orSNLD [HKUN HTUN OO]; and other smaller parties
Burundithe three national, mainstream, governing parties are:Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Leonce NGENDAKUMANA,president]; National Council for the Defense of Democracy, Front forthe Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [Hussein RADJABU, president];Unity for National Progress or UPRONA [Aloys RUBUKA, president]note: a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are:National Council for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD; NationalResistance Movement for the Rehabilitation of the Citizen orMRC-Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI]; Party for NationalRedress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]
CambodiaCambodian People's Party or CPP [CHEA SIM]; National UnitedFront for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and CooperativeCambodia or FUNCINPEC [KEV PUT REAKSMEI]; Norodom Ranariddh Party orNRP [Norodom RANARIDDH]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP [SAM RANGSI]
CameroonCameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou Ndam NJOYA];Cameroon People's Democratic Movement or CPDM [Paul BIYA]; Movementfor the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]; Movementfor the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [MarcelYONDO]; Movement for the Youth of Cameroon or MYC [Dieudonne TINA];National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLOBOUBA]; Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]; Union ofPeoples of Cameroon or UPC [Augustin Frederic KODOCK]
CanadaBloc Quebecois [Gilles DUCEPPE]; Conservative Party of Canada(a merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive ConservativeParty) [Stephen HARPER]; Green Party [Elizabeth MAY]; Liberal Party[Stephane DION]; New Democratic Party [Jack LAYTON]
Cape VerdeAfrican Party for Independence of Cape Verde or PAICV[Jose Maria Pereira NEVES, chairman]; Democratic Alliance for Changeor ADM [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO] (a coalition of PCD, PTS, and UCID);Democratic Christian Party or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES, chairman];Democratic Renovation Party or PRD [Victor FIDALGO, president];Democratic and Independent Cape Verdean Union or UCID [AntonioMONTEIRO]; Movement for Democracy or MPD [Agostinho LOPES,president]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. EuricoMONTEIRO, president]; Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [IsaiasRODRIGUES, president]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM,president]
Cayman Islandsno national teams (loose groupings of politicalorganizations) were formed for the 2000 elections; United DemocraticParty or UDP [leader McKeeva BUSH]; People's Progressive Movement orPPM [leader Kurt TIBBETTS]
Central African RepublicAlliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP[Jacques MBOLIEDAS]; Central African Democratic Assembly or RDC[Andre KOLINGBA]; Civic Forum or FC [Gen. Timothee MALENDOMA];Democratic Forum for Modernity or FODEM [Charles MASSI]; LiberalDemocratic Party or PLD [Nestor KOMBO-NAGUEMON]; Movement forDemocracy and Development or MDD [David DACKO]; Movement for theLiberation of the Central African People or MLPC [Ange-FelixPATASSE] (the party of deposed president); National Convergence orKNK; Patriotic Front for Progress or FPP [Abel GOUMBA]; People'sUnion for the Republic or UPR [Pierre Sammy MAKFOY]; National UnityParty or PUN [Jean-Paul NGOUPANDE]; Social Democratic Party or PSD[Enoch LAKOUE]
ChadFederation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR];National Rally for Development and Progress or RNDP [Delwa KassireCOUMAKOYE]; National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [SalehKEBZABO]; Party for Liberty and Development or PLD [Ibni OumarMahamat SALEH]; Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat SalehAHMAT, chairman]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [LolMahamat CHOUA]; Union for Democracy and Republic or UDR [JeanALINGUE]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. WadalAbdelkader KAMOUGUE]
ChileAlliance for Chile ("Alianza") or APC (including NationalRenewal or RN [Carlos LARRAIN Pena] and Independent Democratic Unionor UDI [Hernan LARRAIN Fernandez]); Coalition of Parties forDemocracy ("Concertacion") or CPD (including Christian DemocraticParty or PDC [Soledad ALVEAR], Socialist Party or PS [CamiloESCALONA], Party for Democracy or PPD [Sergio BITAR Chacra], RadicalSocial Democratic Party or PRSD [Jose Antonio GOMEZ Urrutia]);Communist Party or PC [Guillermo TEILLIER]
ChinaChinese Communist Party or CCP [HU Jintao]; eight registeredsmall parties controlled by CCP
Christmas Islandnone
Cocos (Keeling) Islandsnone
ColombiaColombian Conservative Party or PC [Julio MANZUR Abdala];Alternative Democratic Pole or PDA [Samuel MORENO Rojas]; LiberalParty or PL [Cesar GAVIRIA Trujillo]; Social National Unity Party orPSUN [Carlos GARCIA]; Radical Change or CR [German VARGAS Lleras]note: Colombia has 15 formally recognized political parties, andnumerous unofficial parties that did not meet the vote threshold inthe March 2006 legislative elections required for recognition
ComorosConvention for the Renewal of the Comoros [AZALI Assowmani];Camp of the Autonomous Islands (a coalition of parties organized bythe island Presidents in opposition to the Union President); FrontNational pour la Justice or FNJ [Ahmed RACHID] (Islamic party inopposition); Mouvement pour la Democratie et le Progress or MDP-NGDC[Abbas DJOUSSOUF]; Parti Comorien pour la Democratie et le Progressor PCDP [Ali MROUDJAE]; Rassemblement National pour le Developmentor RND [Omar TAMOU, Abdoulhamid AFFRAITANE]
Congo, Democratic Republic of theCongolese Rally for Democracy orRCD [Azaria RUBERWA]; Forces for Renovation for Union and Solidarityor FONUS [Joseph OLENGHANKOY]; Forces of Renewal or FR [MbusaNYAMWISI]; Movement for the Liberation of the Congo or MLC[Jean-Pierre BEMBA]; National Congolese Lumumbist Movement or MNC[Francois LUMUMBA]; People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracyor PPRD [Joseph Kabila]; Social Movement for Renewal or MSR; UnifiedLumumbast Party or PALU [Antoine GIZENGA]; Union for Democracy andSocial Progress or UDPS [Etienne TSHISEKEDI wa Mulumba]
Congo, Republic of thethe most important of the many parties arethe Democratic and Patriotic Forces or FDP [Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO,president] (an alliance of Convention for Alternative Democracy,Congolese Labor Party or PCT, Liberal Republican Party, NationalUnion for Democracy and Progress, Patriotic Union for the NationalReconstruction, and Union for the National Renewal); CongoleseMovement for Democracy and Integral Development or MCDDI [MichelMAMPOUYA]; Pan-African Union for Social Development or UPADS [MartinMBERI]; Rally for Democracy and Social Progress or RDPS [Jean-PierreThystere TCHICAYA, president]; Rally for Democracy and the Republicor RDR [Raymond Damasge NGOLLO]; Union for Democracy and Republic orUDR; Union of Democratic Forces or UFD [Sebastian EBAO]
Cook IslandsCook Islands Party or CIP [Henry PUNA]; DemocraticParty or Demo [Dr. Terepai MAOATE]
Costa RicaAuthentic Member from Heredia [Jose SALAS]; CitizenAction Party or PAC [Otton SOLIS]; Costa Rican Renovation Party orPRC [Gerardo Justo OROZCO Alvarez]; Democratic Force Party or PFD[Vladimir DE LA CRUZ]; General Union Party or PUGEN [Carlos AlbertoFERNANDEZ Vega]; Homeland First or PP [Juan Jose VARGAS Fallas];Independent Worker Party or PIO [Jose Alberto CUBERO Carmona];Libertarian Movement Party or PML [Otto GUEVARA Guth]; NationalChristian Alliance Party or ANC [Juan Carlos CHAVEZ Mora]; NationalIntegration Party or PIN [Walter MUNOZ Cespedes]; NationalLiberation Party or PLN [Francisco Antonio PACHECO]; NationalPatriotic Party or PPN [Daniel Enrique REYNOLDS Vargas]; NationalRestoration Party or PRN [Carlos AVENDANO]; Nationalist DemocraticAlliance or ADN [Jose Miguel VILLALOBOS Umana]; Patriotic Union orUP [Humberto ARCE Salas]; Social Christian Unity Party or PUSC [LuisFILMAN]; Union for Change Party or UPC [Antonio ALVAREZ Desanti];United Leftist Coalition or IU [Humberto VARGAS Carbonel]
Cote d'IvoireCitizen's Democratic Union or UDCY [Theodore MEL EG];Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire-African Democratic Rally orPDCI-RDA [Henri Konan BEDIE]; Ivorian Popular Front or FPI [LaurentGBAGBO]; Ivorian Worker's Party or PIT [Francis WODIE]; OppositionMovement of the Future or MFA [Anaky KOBENAN]; Rally of theRepublicans or RDR [Alassane OUATTARA]; Union for Democracy andPeace in Cote d'Ivoire or UDPCI [Mabri TOIKEUSE]; over 20 smallerparties
CroatiaCroatian Bloc or HB [Ivic PASALIC]; Croatian ChristianDemocratic Union or HKDU [Anto KOVACEVIC]; Croatian DemocraticCongress of Slavonia and Baranja or HDSSB [Branimir GLAVAS];Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Ivo SANADER]; Croatian Party ofRights or HSP [Anto DJAPIC]; Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [JosipFRISCIC]; Croatian Pensioner Party or HSU [Vladimir JORDAN];Croatian People's Party or HNS [Vesna PUSIC] (in 2005 party mergedwith Libra to become Croatian People's Party-Liberal Democrats orNS-LD [Vesna PUSIC]); Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [DjurdjaADLESIC]; Croatian True Revival Party or HIP [Miroslav TUDJMAN];Democratic Centre or DC [Vesna SKARE-OZBOLT]; Independent DemocraticSerb Party or SDSS [Vojislav STANIMIROVIC]; Istrian DemocraticAssembly or IDS [Ivan JAKOVCIC]; Social Democratic Party of Croatiaor SDP [Ivica RACAN]
Cubaonly party - Cuban Communist Party or PCC [Fidel CASTRO Ruz,first secretary]
Cyprusarea under government control: Democratic Party or DIKO[Marios KAROYIAN]; Democratic Rally or DISY [Nikos ANASTASIADHIS];European Democracy or EURO.DI [Prodromos PRODROMOU] (evolved fromFor Europe which merged with New Horizons); European Party orEURO.KO [Demetris SYLLOURIS]; Fighting Democratic Movement or ADIK[Dinos MIKHAILIDIS]; Green Party of Cyprus [George PERDIKIS];Movement for Social Democrats or EDEK [Yannakis OMIROU]; PoliticalMovement of Hunters [Michalis PAFITANIS]; Progressive Party of theWorking People or AKEL (Communist Party) [Dimitrios CHRISTOFIAS];United Democrats or EDI [Michalis PAPAPETROU]; area administered byTurkish Cypriots: Communal Liberation Party or TKP [HuseyinANGOLEMLI]; Cyprus Socialist Party or KSP [Kazim ONGEN]; DemocraticParty or DP [Serder DENKTASH]; Freedom and Reform Party or OP[Turgay AVCI]; National Unity Party or UBP [Tahsin ERTUGRULOGLU];Nationalist Justice Party or MAP [Ata TEPE]; New Party or YP[Huseyin TURAN]; Our Party or BP [Okyay SADIKOGLU]; Patriotic UnityMovement or YBH [Oguz OZEN]; Peace and Democratic Movement or BDH[Mustafa AKINCI]; Renewal Progress Party or YAP [ErtugrulHASIPOGLU]; Republican Turkish Party or CTP [Ferdi Sabit SOYER];United Cyprus Party or BKP [Isset IZCAN]
Czech RepublicAssociation of Independent Candidates-EuropeanDemocrats or SNK-ED [Jana Hybaskova, chairman]; Christian DemocraticUnion-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL [Jiri CUNEK, chairman];Civic Democratic Alliance or ODA [Jirina NOVAKOVA, chairwoman];Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Mirek TOPOLANEK, chairman]; CommunistParty of Bohemia and Moravia or KSCM [Vojtech FILIP, chairman];Czech Social Democratic Party or CSSD [Jiri PAROUBEK, chairman];Freedom Union-Democratic Union or US-DEU [Jan HADRAVA, chairman];Green Party [Martin BURSIK, chairman]; Independent Democrats(NEZDEM) [Vladimir ZELEZNY, chairman]; Party of Open Society (SOS)[Pavel NOVACEK, chairman]; Path of Change [Jiri LOBKOWITZ, chairman]
DenmarkChristian Democrats (was Christian People's Party) [BodilKORNBEK]; Conservative Party (sometimes known as ConservativePeople's Party) [Bendt BENDTSEN]; Danish People's Party [PiaKJAERSGAARD]; Liberal Party [Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN]; Red-Green UnityList (bloc includes Left Socialist Party, Communist Party ofDenmark, Socialist Workers' Party) [collective leadership]; SocialDemocratic Party [Helle THORNING-SCHMIDT]; Social Liberal Party(sometimes called the Radical Left) [Marianne JELVED, leader; SorenBALD, chairman]; Socialist People's Party [Villy SOEVNDAL]
DjiboutiDemocratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh];Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; DjiboutiDevelopment Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]; Front pour laRestauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD];People's Progress Assembly or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governingparty); Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Moumin BahdonFARAH]; Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD [Ahmed Dini AHMED];Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ
DominicaDominica Freedom Party or DFP [Charles SAVARIN]; DominicaLabor Party or DLP [Roosevelt SKERRIT]; Dominica United WorkersParty or UWP [Earl WILLIAMS]
Dominican RepublicDominican Liberation Party or PLD [LeonelFERNANDEZ Reyna]; Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [RamonALBURQUERQUE]; National Progressive Front [Vincent CASTILLO,Pelegrin CASTILLO]; Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC[Enrique ANTUN]
East TimorAssociacao Social-Democrata Timorense or ASDT [FranciscoXavier do AMARAL]; Christian Democratic Party of Timor or PDC[Antonio XIMENES]; Christian Democratic Union of Timor or UDC[Vicente da Silva GUTERRES]; Democratic Party or PD [Fernando deARAUJO]; People's Party of Timor or PPT [Jacob XAVIER];Revolutionary Front of Independent East Timor or FRETILIN [FranciscoGuterres Lu OLO]; Social Democrat Party of East Timor or PSD [MarioCARRASCALAO]; Socialist Party of Timor or PST [Pedro da COSTA]; Sonsof the Mountain Warriors (also known as Association of TimoreseHeroes) or KOTA [Clementino dos Reis AMARAL]; Timor Democratic Unionor UDT [Joao CARRASCALAO]; Timor Labor Party or PTT [Paulo FreitasDA SILVA]; Timorese Nationalist Party or PNT [Abilio ARAUJO]
EcuadorConcentration of Popular Forces or CFP [Averroes BUCARAM];Democratic Left or ID [Guillermo LANDAZURI]; Ethical and DemocraticNetwork or RED [Leon ROLDOS]; National Action Institutional RenewalParty or PRIAN [Alvaro NOBOA]; Pachakutik Plurinational UnityMovement - New Country or MUPP-NP [Gilberto TALAHUA]; PatrioticSociety Party or PSP [Lucio GUTIERREZ Borbua]; Popular Democracy orDP [Dr. Juan Manuel FUERTES]; Popular Democratic Movement or MPD[Gustavo TERAN Acosta]; Radical Alfarista Front or FRA [FabianALARCON, director]; Roldosist Party or PRE [Abdala BUCARAM Ortiz,director]; Social Christian Party or PSC [Leon FEBRES CORDERO];Socialist Party - Broad Front or PS-FA [Victor GRANDA]
EgyptNational Democratic Party or NDP [Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK(governing party)]; National Progressive Unionist Grouping orTagammu [Rifaat EL-SAID]; New Wafd Party or NWP [Mahmoud ABAZA];Tomorrow Party [Naji AL-GHATRIFI]note: formation of political parties must be approved by thegovernment
El SalvadorChristian Democratic Party or PDC [Rodolfo PARKER,secretary general]; Democratic Convergence or CD (formerly UnitedDemocratic Center or CDU) [Ruben ZAMORA, secretary general];Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN [Medardo GONZALEZ,coordinator general]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [Ciro CRUZZEPEDA, president]; National Republican Alliance or ARENA [EliasAntonio SACA Gonzalez]; Popular Social Christian Party or PPSC [ReneAGUILUZ]; Revolutionary Democratic Front or FDR [Julio CesarHERNANDEZ Carcamo, coordinator general]
Equatorial GuineaConvergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS[Placido MIKO Abogo]; Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE[Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO] (ruling party); Party for Progressof Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [Severo MOTO]; Popular Action ofEquatorial Guinea or APGE [Miguel Esono EMAN]; Popular Union or UP
EritreaPeople's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ, the onlyparty recognized by the government [ISAIAS Afworki]; note - aNational Assembly committee drafted a law on political parties inJanuary 2001, but the full National Assembly has not yet debated orvoted on it
EstoniaCenter Party of Estonia (Keskerakond) [Edgar SAVISAAR,chairman]; Estonian People's Union (Rahvaliit) [Villu REILJAN,chairman]; Estonian Reform Party (Reformierakond) [Andrus ANSIP];Estonian United Russian People's Party or EUVRP [Yevgeniy TOMBERG,chairman]; Social Democratic Party (formerly People's Party Moodukador Moderates) [Ivari PADAR, chairman]; Social Liberals (group ofeight parliamentarians, former Center Party members) [PeeterKREITZBERG]; Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica (Isamaa je ResPublica Liit) [Tonis LUKAS and Taavi VESKIMAGI, co-chairman]
EthiopiaAfar National Democratic Party or ANDP; Benishangul GumuzPeople's Democratic Unity Front or BGPDUF [Mulualem BESSE];Coalition for Unity and Democracy or CUD [HAILU Shawel]; EthiopianPeople's Revolutionary Democratic Front or EPRDF [MELES Zenawi] (analliance of Amhara National Democratic Movement or ANDM, OromoPeople's Democratic Organization or OPDO, the South EthiopeanPeople's Democratic Front or SEPDF, and TigrAyan Peoples' LiberationFront or TPLF); Gurage Nationalities' Democratic Movement or GNDM;Oromo Federalist Democratic Movement or OFDM [BULCHA Demeksa];Somali People's Democratic Party or SPDP; United Ethopian DemocraticForces or UEDF [BEYENE Petros]; dozens of small parties
European UnionConfederal Group of the European United Left-NordicGreen Left or EUL/NGL [Francis WURTZ]; European People'sParty-European Democrats or EPP-ED [Joseph DAUL]; Group of theAlliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe or ALDE [Graham R.WATSON]; Group of Greens/European Free Alliance or Greens/EFA[Monica FRASSONI and Daniel Marc COHN-BENDIT]; Identity, Tradition,Sovereignty Group [Bruno GOLLNISCH]; Independence/Democracy Group orIND/DEM [Jens-Peter BONDE and Nigel FARAGE]; Socialist Group in theEuropean Parliament or PES [Martin SCHULZ]; Union for Europe of theNations Group or UEN [Brian CROWLEY and Cristiana MUSCARDINI]
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)none; all independents
Faroe IslandsCenter Party [Jenis A. RANA]; Independence Party [KariP. HOJGAARD]; People's Party [Anfinn KALLSBERG]; Republican Party[Hogni HOYDAL]; Social Democratic Party [Joannes EIDESGAARD]; UnionParty [Kaj Leo JOHANNESEN]
FijiDodonu Ni Taukei Party or DNT [Fereti S. DEWA]; Fiji DemocraticParty or FDP [Filipe BOLE] (a merger of the Christian DemocratAlliance or VLV [Poesci Waqalevu BUNE], Fijian Association Party orFAP, Fijian Political Party or SVT (primarily Fijian) [SitiveniRABUKA], and New Labor Unity Party or NLUP [Ofa SWANN]); Fiji LaborParty or FLP [Mahendra CHAUDHRY]; General Voters Party or GVP(became part of United General Party); Girmit Heritage Party or GHP;Justice and Freedom Party or AIM; Lio 'On Famor Rotuma Party or LFR;National Federation Party or NFP (primarily Indian) [Pramond RAE];Nationalist Vanua Takolavo Party or NVTLP [Saula TELAWA]; Party ofNational Unity or PANU [Ponipate LESAVUA]; Party of the Truth orPOTT; United Fiji Party/Sogosogo Duavata ni Lewenivanua or SDL[Laisenia QARASE]; United Peoples Party or UPP [Millis Mick BEDDOES]
FinlandCenter Party or Kesk [Matti VANHANEN]; Christian Democratsor KD [Paivi RASANEN]; Green League or VIHR [Tarja CRONBERG]; LeftAlliance or VAS composed of People's Democratic League andDemocratic Alternative [Martti KORHONEN]; National Coalition(conservative) Party or Kok [Jyrki KATAINEN]; Social DemocraticParty or SDP [Eero HEINALUOMA]; Swedish People's Party or SFP[Stefan WALLIN]
FranceCitizen and Republican Movement or MRC [Jean PierreCHEVENEMENT]; Democratic and European Social Rally or RDSE (mainlyRadical Republican and Socialist Parties, and PRG) [JacquesPELLETIER]; French Communist Party or PCF [Marie-George BUFFET];Greens [Yann WEHRLING, national secretary]; Left Radical Party orPRG (previously Radical Socialist Party or PRS and the Left RadicalMovement or MRG) [Jean-Michel BAYLET]; Movement for France or MPF[Philippe DE VILLIERS]; National Front or FN [Jean-Marie LE PEN];Rally for France or RPF [Charles PASQUA]; Socialist Party or PS[Francois HOLLANDE]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [FrancoisBAYROU]; Union for a Popular Movement or UMP [Nicolas SARKOZY]
French PolynesiaAlliance for a New Democracy or ADN [Nicole BOUTEAUand Philip SCHYLE](includes the parties The New Star and ThisCountry is Yours); Independent Front for the Liberation of Polynesia(Tavini Huiraatira) [Oscar TEMARU]; New Fatherland Party (Ai'a Api)[Emile VERNAUDON]; People's Rally for the Republic of Polynesia orRPR (Tahoeraa Huiraatira) [Gaston FLOSSE]; Union for Democracy orUPD [Oscar TEMARU]
GabonCircle of Liberal Reformers or CLR [General Jean BonifaceASSELE]; Congress for Democracy and Justice or CDJ [Jules AristideBourdes OGOULIGUENDE]; Democratic and Republican Alliance or ADERE[Divungui-di-Ndinge DIDJOB]; Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG[Simplice Nguedet MANZELA] (former sole party); Gabonese Party forProgress or PGP [Pierre-Louis AGONDJO-OKAWE]; Gabonese Union forDemocracy and Development or UGDD [Zacherie MYBOTO]; National Rallyof Woodcutters or RNB; National Rally of Woodcutters-Rally for Gabonor RNB-RPG (Bucherons) [Fr. Paul M'BA-ABESSOLE]; People's UnityParty or PUP [Louis Gaston MAYILA]; Rally for Democracy and Progressor RDP [Pierre EMBONI]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [PierreClaver MAGANGA-MOUSSAVOU]; Union for Democracy and SocialIntegration or UDIS; Union of Gabonese Patriots or UPG [PierreMAMBOUNDOU]
Gambia, TheAlliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction orAPRC [Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH] (the ruling party); Gambia People'sDemocratic Party or GPDP [Henry GOMEZ]; National Alliance forDemocracy and Development or NADD [Halifa SALLAH]; NationalConvention Party or NCP [Sheriff DIBBA]; National ReconciliationParty or NRP [Hamat N. K. BAH]; People's Democratic Organization forIndependence and Socialism or PDOIS [Sidia JATTA]; United DemocraticParty or UDP [Ousainou DARBOE]
GeorgiaBurjanadze-Democrats [Nino BURJANADZE]; Georgian People'sFront [Nodar NATADZE]; Georgian United Communist Party or UCPG[Panteleimon GIORGADZE]; Georgia's Way Party [Salome ZOURABICHVILI];Greens [Giorgi GACHECHILADZE]; Industry Will Save Georgia(Industrialists) or IWSG [Georgi TOPADZE]; Labor Party [ShalvaNATELASHVILI]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Bachuki KARDAVA];National Movement Democratic Front [Mikheil SAAKASHVILI] bloccomposed of National Movement and Burjanadze-Democrats; NationalMovement [Mikheil SAAKASHVILI]; New Rights [David GAMKRELIDZE];Republican Party [David USUPASHVILI]; Rightist Opposition [DavidGAMKRELIDZE] bloc composed of Industrialists and New Right Party;Socialist Party or SPG [Irakli MINDELI]; Traditionalists [AkakiASATIANI]; Union of National Forces-Conservatives [Koba DAVITASHVILIand Zviad DZIDZIGURI]
GermanyAlliance '90/Greens [Claudia ROTH and Reinhard BUETIKOFER];Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Angela MERKEL]; Christian SocialUnion or CSU [Edmund STOIBER, chairman]; Free Democratic Party orFDP [Guido WESTERWELLE, chairman]; Left Party.PDS (Linkspartei.PDS)[Lothar BISKY]; note - a merger with the Electoral Alternative-Workand Social Justice or WASG [Klaus ERNST] is planned for summer 2007;Social Democratic Party or SPD [Kurt BECK]
GhanaConvention People's Party or CPP [Nii Noi DOWUONA, generalsecretary]; Democratic Freedom Party or DFP [Obed ASAMOAH,chairman]; Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Owuraku AMOFA,chairman]; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Dan LARTY];National Convention Party or NCP [Sarpong KUMA-KUMA]; NationalDemocratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Huudu YAHAYA, general secretary];New Patriotic Party or NPP [Samuel Arthur ODOI-SYKES]; People'sConvention Party or PCP [P. K. DONKOH-AYIFI, acting chairman];People's Heritage Party or PHP [Emmanuel Alexander ERSKINE];People's National Convention or PNC [Edward MAHAMA]; Reform Party[Kyeretwie OPUKU, general secretary]; United Renaissance Party orURP [Charles Wayo, chairman]
GibraltarGibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar SocialDemocrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party orGSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]
GreeceCoalition of the Left and Progress (Synaspismos) [AlekosALAVANOS]; Communist Party of Greece or KKE [Aleka PAPARIGA]; NewDemocracy or ND (conservative) [Konstandinos KARAMANLIS];Panhellenic Socialist Movement or PASOK [Yiorgos PAPANDREOU];Popular Orthodox Rally or LAOS [Yeoryios KARATZAFERIS]
GreenlandAtassut Party (Solidarity, a conservative party favoringcontinuing close relations with Denmark) [Finn KARLSEN]; Demokratiit[Per BERTHELSEN]; Inuit Ataqatigiit or IA (Eskimo Brotherhood, aleftist party favoring complete independence from Denmark ratherthan home rule) [Josef MOTZFELDT]; Kattusseqatigiit (Candidate List,an independent right-of-center party with no official platform;Siumut (Forward Party, a social democratic party advocating moredistinct Greenlandic identity and greater autonomy from Denmark)[Hans ENOKSEN]
GrenadaGrenada United Labor Party or GULP [Gloria Payne BANFIELD];National Democratic Congress or NDC [Tillman THOMAS]; New NationalParty or NNP [Keith MITCHELL]
GuamDemocratic Party [leader Michael PHILLIPS]; Republican Party(controls the legislature) [leader Philip J. FLORES]
GuatemalaAuthentic Integral Development or DIA [Eduardo SUGER];Grand National Alliance or GANA [Fraterno VILLA, secretary general];Guatemalan Christian Democracy or DCG [Vinicio CEREZO Arevalo];Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity or URNG [Alba ESTELAMaldonado, secretary general]; Guatemalan Republican Front or FRG[Efrain RIOS Montt]; Movement for Guatemalan Unity or MGU [JacoboARBENZ Villanueva]; Movement for Principles and Values or MPV[Francisco BIANCHI]; National Advancement Party or PAN [Leonel LOPEZRodas, secretary general]; National Unity for Hope or UNE [AlvaroCOLOM Caballeros]; New Nation Alliance or ANN (formed by an allianceof DIA, URNG, and several splinter groups most of whom subsequentlydefected) [Pablo MONSANTO]; Patriot Party or PP [Ret. Gen. OttoPEREZ Molina]; Reform Movement or MR [Alfredo SKINNER-KLEE,secretary general]; Unionista Party [Fritz GARCIA]
Guernseynone; all independents
GuineaDemocratic Party of Guinea-African Democratic Rally orPDG-RDA [El Hadj Ismael Mohamed Gassim GUSHEIN]; Dyama; NationalUnion for Progress or UPN [Mamadou Bhoye BARRY]; Party for Unity andProgress or PUP [Lansana CONTE] (the governing party); People'sParty of Guinea or PPG [Charles Pascal TOLNO]; Rally for the GuineanPeople or RPG [Alpha CONDE]; Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea orUFDG [Mamadou BAH]; Union of Republican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE];Union for Progress of Guinea or UPG [Jean-Marie DORE,secretary-general]; Union for Progress and Renewal or UPR [OusmaneBAH]
Guinea-BissauAfrican Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissauand Cape Verde or PAIGC [Carlos GOMES Junior]; Broad RepublicanFront or FRA (coalition formed by PAIGC, UM, PST, UPG, FCGSD, UE,PP, PDG, PDSG, PRP, and the International League for EcologicalProtection); Democratic Social Front or FDS; Electoral Union or UE;Guinea-Bissau Civic Forum/Social Democracy or FCGSD [Antonieta RosaGOMES]; Guinea-Bissau Democratic Party or PDG; Guinea-BissauSocialist Democratic Party or PDSG [Serifo BALDE]; Labor andSolidarity Party or PST [Iancuba INDJAI]; Party for DemocraticConvergence or PCD; Party for Renewal and Progress or PRP; Party forSocial Renewal or PRS [Kumba YALA]; Progress Party or PP; Union forChange or UM [Amine SAAD]; Union of Guinean Patriots or UPG[Francisca VAZ]; United Platform or UP (coalition formed by PCD,FDS, FLING, and RGB-MB); United Popular Alliance or APU; UnitedSocial Democratic Party or PUSD
GuyanaAlliance for Change or AFC [Raphael TROTMAN and KhemrajRAMJATTAN]; Guyana Action Party or GAP [Paul HARDY]; Justice for AllParty [C.N. SHARMA]; People's National Congress/Reform or PNC/R[Robert Herman Orlando CORBIN]; People's Progressive Party/Civic orPPP/C [Bharrat JAGDEO]; Rise, Organize, and Rebuild or ROAR [RaviDEV]; The United Force or TUF [Manzoor NADIR]; The Unity Party [JoeyJAGAN]; Vision Guyana [Peter RAMSAROOP]; Working People's Allianceor WPA [Rupert ROOPNARAINE]
HaitiArtibonite in Action or LAAA [Youri LATORTUE]; Assembly ofProgressive National Democrats or RDNP [Leslie MANIGAT]; Conventionfor Democratic Unity or KID [Evans PAUL]; Cooperative Action toBuild Haiti or KONBA [Evans LESCOUFALIR]; Democratic Alliance orALYANS (coalition composed of KID and PPRH) [Evans PAUL]; Effort andSolidarity to Create an Alternative for the People or ESKAMP [JosephJASME]; For Us All or PONT [Jean-Marie CHERESTAL]; Front for Hope orLESPWA (alliance of ESKAMP, PLB, and grass-roots organizationsGrand-Anse Resistance Committee, the Central Plateau Peasants'Group, and Kombit Sudest) [Rene PREVAL]; Haitian ChristianDemocratic Party or PDCH [Osner FEVRY and Marie-Denise CLAUDE];Haitian Democratic and Reform Movement or MODEREH [Dany TOUSSAINTand Pierre Soncon PRINCE]; Heads Together or Tet-Ansanm [Dr. GerardBLOT]; Independent Movement for National Reconciliation or MIRN [LucFLEURINORD]; Justice for Peace and National Development or JPDN[Rigaud DUPLAN]; Fanmi Lavalas or FL [Rudy HERIVEAUX]; Liberal Partyof Haiti or PLH [Gehy MICHEL]; Merging of Haitian Social DemocraticParties or FUSION or FPSDH (coalition of Ayiti Capable, HaitianNational Revolutionary Party, and National Congress of DemocraticMovements) [Serge GILLES]; Mobilization for Haiti's Development orMPH [Samir MOURRA]; Mobilization for National Development or MDN[Hubert de RONCERAY]; Movement for National Reconstruction or MRN[Jean Henold BUTEAU]; Movement for the Installation of Democracy inHaiti or MIDH [Marc BAZIN]; National Christian Union for theReconstruction of Haiti or UNCRH [Marie Claude GERMAIN]; NationalFront for the Reconstruction of Haiti or FRN [Guy PHILIPPE]; NewChristian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]; Openthe Gate Party or PLB [Anes LUBIN]; Popular Party for the Renewal ofHaiti or PPRH [Claude ROMAIN]; Struggling People's Organization orOPL [Edgard LEBLANC]; Union of Nationalist and Progressive Haitiansor UNITE [Edouard FRANCISQUE]
Holy See (Vatican City)none
HondurasChristian Democratic Party or PDC [Arturo CORRALES];Democratic Unification Party or PUD [Matias FUNES]; Liberal Party orPL [Patricia RODAS]; National Innovation and Unity Party or PINU[Olban F. VALLADARES]; National Party of Honduras or PN [PorfirioLOBO]
Hong KongAssociation for Democracy and People's Livelihood or ADPL[Frederick FUNG Kin-kee]; Citizens Party [Alex CHAN Kai-chung];Civic Party [KUAN Hsin-chi]; Democratic Alliance for the Bettermentand Progress of Hong Kong or DAB [MA Lik]; Democratic Party [AlbertHO]; Frontier Party [Emily LAU Wai-hing]; Liberal Party [James TIENPei-chun]note: political blocs include: pro-democracy - ADPL, DemocraticParty, Frontier Party; pro-Beijing - DAB, Liberal Party
HungaryAlliance of Free Democrats or SzDSz [Gabor KUNCZE];Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP [Zsolt SEMJEN];Hungarian Civic Alliance or Fidesz [Viktor ORBAN, chairman];Hungarian Democratic Forum or MDF [Ibolya DAVID]; HungarianSocialist Party or MSzP [Istvan HILLER, chairman]
IcelandIndependence Party or IP [Geir H. HAARDE]; Left-GreenMovement or LGM [Steingrimur SIGFUSSON]; Liberal Party or LP [GudjonKRISTJANSSON]; Progressive Party or PP [Jon SIGURDSSON]; SocialDemocratic Alliance (includes People's Alliance or PA, SocialDemocratic Party or SDP, Women's List) or SDA [Ingibjorg SolrunGISLADOTTIR]
Indianote - India has dozens of national and regional politicalparties; only parties with four or more seats in the People'sAssembly are listed; Bahujan Samaj Party or BSP [MAYAWATI];Bharatiya Janata Party or BJP [Rajnath SINGH]; Biju Janata Dal orBJD [Naveen PATNAIK]; Communist Party of India or CPI [ArdhenduBhushan BARDHAN]; Communist Party of India (Marxist) or CPI (M)[Prakash KARAT]; Dravida Munnetra Kazagham or DMK [M. KARUNANIDHI];Indian National Congress or INC [Sonia GANDHI]; Janata Dal (United)or JD(U) [Sharad YADEV]; Jharkhand Mukti Morcha or JMM [ShibuSOREN]; Lok Jan Shakti Party or LJSP [Ram Vilas PASWAN];Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or MDMK [VAIKU]; NationalistCongress Party or NCP [Sharad PAWAR]; Pattali Makkal Katchi or PMK[S. RAMADOSS]; Rashtriya Janata Dal or RJD [Laloo Prasad YADAV];Samajwadi Party or SP [Mulayam Singh YADAV]; Shiromani Akali Dal orSAD [Prakash Singh BADAL]; Shiv Sena or SS [Bal THACKERAY];Telangana Rashtra Samithi or TRS [K. Chandrasekhar RAO]; TeluguDesam Party or TDP [Chandrababu NAIDU]
IndonesiaCrescent Moon and Star Party or PBB [MS KABAN]; DemocraticParty or PD [Hadi UTOMO]; Functional Groups Party or Golkar [YusufKALLA]; Indonesia Democratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P [MEGAWATISukarnoputri]; National Awakening Party or PKB [MUHAIMIN Iskander];National Mandate Party or PAN [Sutrisno BACHIR]; Prosperous JusticeParty or PKS [Tifatul SEMBIRING]; United Development Party or PPP[Hamzah HAZ]
Iranformal political parties are a relatively new phenomenon inIran and most conservatives still prefer to work through politicalpressure groups rather than parties; a loose pro-reform coalitioncalled the 2nd Khordad Front, which includes political parties aswell as less formal pressure groups and organizations, achievedconsiderable success at elections to the sixth Majles in early 2000;groups in the coalition include: Islamic Iran Participation Front(IIPF), Executives of Construction Party (Kargozaran), SolidarityParty, Islamic Labor Party, Mardom Salari, Mojahedin of the IslamicRevolution Organization (MIRO), and Militant Clerics Society(Ruhaniyun); the coalition participated in the seventh Majleselections in early 2004; following his defeat in the 2005presidential elections, former MCS Secretary General Mehdi KARRUBIformed the National Trust Party; a new apparently conservativegroup, the Builders of Islamic Iran, took a leading position in thenew Majles after winning a majority of the seats in February 2004
IraqAssyrian Democratic Movement [Yunadim KANNA]; Badr Organization[Hadi al-AMIRI]; Constitutional Monarchy Movement or CMM [Sharif AliBin al-HUSAYN]; Da'wa al-Islamiyya Party [Ibrahim al-JA'FARI];General Conference of Iraqi People [Adnan al-DULAYMI]; IndependentIraqi Alliance or IIA [Falah al-NAQIB]; Iraqi Communist Party [Hamidal-MUSA]; Iraqi Front for National Dialogue [Salih al-MUTLAQ]; IraqiHizballah [Karim Mahmud al-MUHAMMADAWI]; Iraqi Independent Democratsor IID [Adnan PACHACHI, Mahdi al-HAFIZ]; Iraqi Islamic Party or IIP[Tariq al-HASHIMI]; Iraqi National Accord or INA [Ayad ALLAWI];Iraqi National Congress or INC [Ahmad CHALABI]; Iraqi NationalCouncil for Dialogue or INCD [Khalaf Ulayan al-Khalifawial-DULAYMI]; Iraqi National Unity Movement or INUM [Ahmadal-KUBAYSI, chairman]; Islamic Action Organization or IAO [AyatollahMuhammad al-MUDARRISI]; Jama'at al Fadilah or JAF [Muhammad Alial-YAQUBI]; Kurdistan Democratic Party or KDP [Masud BARZANI];Kurdistan Islamic Union [Salah ad-Din Muhammad BAHA al-DIN];National Reconciliation and Liberation Party [Mishan al-JABBURI];Patriotic Union of Kurdistan or PUK [Jalal TALABANI]; Sadrist Trend[Muqtada al-SADR] (not an organized political party, but it fieldsindependent candidates affiliated with Muqtada al-SADR); SupremeCouncil for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq or SCIRI [Abd al-Azizal-HAKIM]note: the Kurdistan Alliance, Iraqi National List, TawafuqCoalition, Iraqi Front for National Dialogue, and Unified IraqiAlliance were only electoral slates consisting of therepresentatives from the various Iraqi political parties
IrelandFianna Fail [Bertie AHERN]; Fine Gael [Enda KENNY]; GreenParty [Trevor SARGENT]; Labor Party [Pat RABBITTE]; ProgressiveDemocrats [Michael McDOWELL]; Sinn Fein [Gerry ADAMS]; SocialistParty [Joe HIGGINS]; The Workers' Party [Sean GARLAND]
Isle of ManAlliance for Progressive Government; Liberal VanninParty [Peter KARRAN]; Man Labor Party; Man Nationalist Party (MecVannin) (branch of the British National Party)note: most members sit as independents
IsraelDemocratic Front for Peace and Equality (HADASH) [MuhammadBARAKA]; GIL (Pensioners) [Rafael EITAN]; Kadima [Ehud OLMERT];Labor Party [Amir PERETZ]; Likud Party [Binyamin NETANYAHU];Meretz-YAHAD [Yossi BEILIN]; National Democratic Assembly (Balad)[Azmi BISHARA]; National Union (NU)/National Religious Party (NRP)[Binyamin ELON]; SHAS [Eliyahu YISHAI]; Torah and Shabbat Judaism[Yaakov LITZMAN]; United Arab List [Ibrahim SARSOUR]; YisraelBeiteinu [Avigdor LIEBERMAN]
ItalyCenter-Left Union Coalition [Romano PRODI]: Ulivo Alliance(including Democrats of the Left or DS [Piero FASSINO];Daisy-Democracy is Freedom or DL [Francesco RUTELLI]); Rose in theFist (including Italian Social Democrats or SDI [Enrico BOSELLI];Italian Radical Party [Emma BONINO]); Italian Communist Party orPdCI [Oliviero DILIBERTO]; Green Federation [Alfonso PECORAROSCANIO]; Communist Renewal or RC [Fausto BERTINOTTI]; Italy ofValues or IdV [Antonio DI PIETRO]; Union of Democrats for Europe orUDEUR [Clemente MASTELLA]; Republican European Movement or MRE[Luciana SBARBATI]Center-Right Freedom House Coalition [Silvio BERLUSCONI]: ForzaItalia or FI [Silvio BERLUSCONI]; National Alliance or AN[Gianfranco FINI]; Union of Christian Democrats of the Center or UDC[Pier Ferdinando CASINI]; Northern League or LEGA [Umberto BOSSI];Christian Democracy (Per la Autonomie) [Gianfranco ROTONDI]other non-allied parties: New Italian Socialist Party or New PSI[Gianni DE MICHELIS]; Italian Republican Party or PRI [Giorgio LAMALFA]; Social Alternative [Alessandra MUSSOLINI]; SocialMovement-Tricolor Flame or MSI-Fiamma [Luca ROMAGNOLI]; Social IdeaMovement with Rauti or MIS [Pino RAUTI]; South Tyrol People's Partyor SVP (German speakers) [Elmar Pichler ROLLE]; Union of ValleyAosta Region or UV [Guido CESAL]
JamaicaJamaica Labor Party or JLP [Bruce GOLDING]; People'sNational Party or PNP [Portia SIMPSON-MILLER]
JapanDemocratic Party of Japan or DPJ [Ichiro OZAWA]; JapanCommunist Party or JCP [Kazuo SHII]; Komeito [Akihoro OTA]; LiberalDemocratic Party or LDP [Shinzo ABE]; Social Democratic Party or SDP[Mizuho FUKUSHIMA]
Jerseytwo declared parties: Centre Party; Jersey Democratic Alliancenote: all senators and deputies elected in 2005 were independents
Jordanal-Ahd Party; Arab Islamic Democratic Movement [Yusuf ABUBAKR, president]; Arab Land Party [Dr. Ayishah Salih HIJAZAYN,secretary general]; Arab Socialist Ba'th Party [Taysir al-HIMSI,secretary general]; Ba'th Arab Progressive Party [Fu'ad DABBUR,secretary general]; Freedom Party; Future Party; Islamic ActionFront or IAF [Zaki Sa'ed BANI IRSHEID, secretary general]; IslamicCenter Party [Marwan al-FAURI, secretary general]; Jordanian ArabAnsar Party; Jordanian Arab New Dawn Party; Jordanian Arab Party;Jordanian Citizens' Rights Movement; Jordanian Communist Party[Munir HAMARINAH, secretary general]; Jordanian Communist WorkersParty; Jordanian Democratic Left Party [Musa MA'AYTEH, secretarygeneral]; Jordanian Democratic Popular Unity Party [Sa'id Dhiyab AliMUSTAFA, secretary general]; Jordanian Generations Party [MuhammadKHALAYLEH, secretary general]; Jordanian Green Party [MuhammadBATAYNEH, secretary general]; Jordanian Labor Party [Dr. MazinSulayman Jiryis HANNA, secretary general]; Jordanian Peace Party;Jordanian People's Committees Movement; Jordanian People'sDemocratic Party (Hashd) [Ahmad YUSUF, secretary general]; JordanianRafah Party; Jordanian Renaissance Party; Mission Party; NationParty [Ahmad al-HANANDEH, secretary general]; National Action Party(Haqq) [Tariq al-KAYYALI, secretary general]; NationalConstitutional Party [Abdul Hadi MAJALI, secretary general];National Popular Democratic Movement [Mahmud al-NUWAYHI, secretarygeneral]; Progressive Party [Fawwaz al-ZUBI, secretary general]
KazakhstanAdilet (Justice) [Maksut NARIKBAYEV, co-chair, ZeynullaALSHIMBAYEV, co-chair, Bakhytbek AKHMETZHAN, co-chair, YerkinONGARBAYEV, co-chair, Tolegan SYDYKOV, co-chair] (formerlyDemocratic Party of Kazakhstan); Aq Zhol Party (Bright Path)[Alikhan BAIMENOV, chairman]; AUL (Village) [Gani KALIYEV,chairman]; Communist Party of Kazakhstan or KPK [SerikbolsynABDILDIN, first secretary]; Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan[Vladislav KOSAREV, first secretary]; Otan [Bakhytzhan ZHUMAGULOV,acting chairman] (the Agrarian, Asar, and Civic parties merged withOtan); Patriots' Party [Gani KASYMOV, chairman]; Rukhaniyat(Spirituality) [Altynshash ZHAGANOVA, chairwoman]
KenyaForum for the Restoration of Democracy-Kenya or FORD-Kenya[Musikari KOMBO or Soita SHITANDA, disputed]; Forum for theRestoration of Democracy-People or FORD-People [Simeon NYACHAE];Kenya African National Union or KANU [Nicholas BIWOTT or UhuruKENYATTA, disputed]; National Rainbow Coalition-Kenya or NARC-K[Mwai KIBAKI, unofficially, since the break-up of Kibaki's originalcoalition]; Orange Democratic Movement-Kenya or ODM-Kenya [RailaODINGA, unofficially]
KiribatiBoutokaan Te Koaua Party or BTK [Taberannang TIMEON];Maneaban Te Mauri Party or MTM [Teburoro TITO]; Maurin Kiribati Patior MKP; National Progressive Party or NPP [Dr. Harry TONG]note: there is no tradition of formally organized political partiesin Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groupsbecause they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or partystructures
Korea, Northmajor party - Korean Workers' Party or KWP [KIM JongIl]; minor parties - Chondoist Chongu Party [RYU Mi Yong] (under KWPcontrol), Social Democratic Party [KIM Yong Dae] (under KWP control)
Korea, SouthDemocratic Labor Party or DLP [MOON Seong-hyun];Democratic Party or DP [HAHN Hwa-kap]; Grand National Party or GNP[KANG Jae-sup]; People-First Party or PFP [SHIN Kook-hwan and SIMDae-pyung]; Uri Party [KIM Geun-tae]
Kuwaitnone; formation of political parties is illegal
KyrgyzstanAr-Namys (Dignity) Party [Emil ALIYEV]; Asaba (BannerNational Revival Party) [Azimbek BEKNAZAROV and Roza OTUNBAYEVA];Ata-Meken (Fatherland) [Omurbek TEKEBAYEV]; Democratic Movement ofKyrgyzstan or DDK [Viktor TCHETRNOMORETS]; Erkindik (Freedom) Party[Topchubek TURGUNALIYEV]; Moya Strana (My Country Party of Action)[Medet SADYRKULOV]; Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan or KCP [IshakMASALIYEV]; Party of Justice and Progress [Muratbek IMANALIEV];Party of Peasants [Esengul ISAKOV]; Republican Party of Labor andUnity [Tabaldy OROZALIYEV]; Sanjira (Tree of Life) [EdnanKARABAYEV]; Social Democratic Party [Almaz ATAMBAYEV]; Sodruzhestvo(Cooperation) [Alisher SABIROV]; Union of Democratic Forces[Kubatbek BAIBOLOV]
LaosLao People's Revolutionary Party or LPRP [CHOUMMALI Saignason];other parties proscribed
LatviaFirst Party of Latvia or LPP [Ainars SLESERS]; For HumanRights in a United Latvia or PCTVL [Jakovs PLINERS]; For theFatherland and Freedom/Latvian National Independence Movement orTB/LNNK [Roberts ZILE, Maris GRINBLATS]; Harmony Center or SC [JanisURBANOVICS, Nils USAKOVS]; Latvian Farmer's Union or LZS [AugustsBRIGMANIS]; Latvian Social Democratic Workers Party (SocialDemocrats) or LSDSP [Juris BOJARS]; Latvian Socialist Party or LSP[Alfreds RUBIKS]; Latvia's Way or LC [Ivars GODMANIS, AinarsBERZINS]; New Democrats or JD [Maris GULBIS]; New Era Party or JL[Einars REPSE, Krisjanis KARINS]; People's Party or TP [AigarsKALVITIS]; The Union of Latvian Greens and Farmers Party or ZZS[Indulis EMSIS]
Lebanonnote - organized in three major political blocs; 14 MarchCoalition (bloc includes Democratic Gathering [Walid JUNBLATT,leader of Progressive Socialist Party]; Democratic Left [IlyasATALLAH]; Democratic Renewal Movement [Nassib LAHUD]; FutureMovement Bloc [Sa'ad HARIRI]; Kataeb Reform Movement [AmineGEMAYEL]; Lebanese Forces [Samir JA'JA]; Nasserite Popular Movement[Ussama SAAD]; Qornet Shewan Gathering (a grouping composed ofpolitical parties and independent members of the National Assembly[no individual leader]; Tripoli Independent Bloc); Change and ReformAlliance (bloc includes Free Patriotic Movement [Michel AWN]; MetnBloc [Michel MURR]; Popular Bloc [Elias SKAFF]; Tachnaq); Hizballahand Amal Alliance (bloc includes Ba'th Party [MuhammadMUHAMMADIYAH]; Development and Resistance Bloc [Nabih BERRI, leaderof Amal Movement]; Kataeb Party [Karim PAKRADONI]; Loyalty to theResistance [Mohammad RA'AD]; Syrian National Socialist Party [AliQANSU])
LesothoAll Basotho Convention or ABC [Thomas THABANE]; BasotholandAfrican Congress or BAC [Khauhelo RALITAPOLE]; Basotho CongressParty or BCP [Ntsukunyane MPHANYA]; Basotho National Party or BNP[Maj. Gen. Justin Metsing LEKHANYA]; Kopanang Basotho Party or KPB[Pheelo MOSALA]; Lesotho Congress for Democracy or LCD [PakalithaMOSISILI] (the governing party); Lesotho Education Party or LEP[Thabo PITSO]; Lesotho People's Congress or LPC [Kelebone MAOPE];Lesotho Workers Party or LWP [Macaefa BILLY]; Marematlou FreedomParty or MFP [Vincent MALEBO]; National Democratic Party [J.S.Bereng]; National Independent Party or NIP [Anthony MANYELI];National Progressive Party or NPP [Chief Peete Nkoebe PEETE]; NewLesotho Freedom Party or NLFP [Manapo MAJARA]; Popular Front forDemocracy or PFD [Lekhetho RAKUOANE]; Sefate Democratic Union or SDU[Bofihla NKUEBE]; Social Democratic Party of SDP [Masitise SELESO];United Democratic Party or UDP [C.D. MOFELI]; United Party or UP[Makara SEKAUTU]
LiberiaAlliance for Peace and Democracy or APD [Togba-na TIPOTEH];Coalition for the Transformation of Liberia or COTOL; Congress forDemocratic Change or CDC [George WEAH]; Liberian Action Party or LAP[H. Varney SHERMAN]; Liberty Party or LP [Charles BRUMSKINE];National Patriotic Party or NPP [Cyril ALLEN]; Unity Party or UP[Charles CLARKE]
Libyanone
LiechtensteinPatriotic Union (was Fatherland Union) or VU [AdolfHEEB]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Otmar HASLER]; The FreeList or FL [Claudia HEEB-FLECK and Egon MATT]
LithuaniaCivil Democracy Party [Viktor MUNTIANAS, chairman];Electoral Action of Lithuanian Poles [Valdemar TOMASZEVSKI,chairman]; National Farmer's Union [Kazimiera PRUNSKIENE,chairwoman]; Homeland Union/Conservative Party or TS [AndriusKUBILIUS, chairman]; Labor Party [Kestutis DAUKSYS, chairman];Liberal and Center Union [Arturas ZUOKAS, chairman]; LiberalDemocratic Party [Rolandas PAKSAS, chairman]; Liberal Movement[Petras AUSTREVICIUS, chairman]; Lithuanian Christian Democrats orLKD [Valentinas STUNDYS, chairman]; Lithuanian People's Union for aFair Lithuania [Julius VESELKA, chairman]; Lithuanian SocialDemocratic Party [Algirdas BRAZAUSKAS, chairman]; Social Liberal/NewUnion [Arturas PAULAUSKAS, chairman]; Social Union of ChristianConservatives [Gediminas VAGNORIUS, chairman]; Young Lithuania andNew Nationalists [Stanislovas BUSKEVICIUS, chairman]
LuxembourgAction Committee for Democracy and Justice or ADR [GastGIBERYEN]; Christian Social People's Party or CSV (also known asChristian Social Party or PCS) [Francois BILTGEN]; Democratic Partyor DP [Claude MEISCH]; Green Party [Francois BAUSCH]; LuxembourgSocialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Alex BODRY]; Marxist and ReformedCommunist Party dei Lenk/la Gauche (the Left) [no formalleadership]; other minor parties
MacauCivil Service Union [Jose Maria Pereira COUTINHO]; DevelopmentUnion [KWAN Tsui-hang]; Macau Development Alliance [Angela LEONGOn-kei]; Macau United Citizens' Association [CHAN Meng-kam]; NewDemocratic Macau Association [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong]; United Forces
MacedoniaDemocratic Alliance [Pavle TRAJANOV]; Democratic League ofthe Bosniaks [Rafet MUMINOVIC]; Democratic Party of Albanians orPDSh/DPA [Arben XHAFERI]; Democratic Party of Serbs [IvanSTOILJKOVIC]; Democratic Party of Turks [Kenan HASIPI]; DemocraticRenewal of Macedonia [Liljana POPOVSKA]; Democratic Union of Vlachsfor Macedonia [Mitko KOSTOV]; Democratic Union for Integration orBDI/DUI [Ali AHMETI]; Internal Macedonian RevolutionaryOrganization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity orVMRO-DPMNE [Nikola GRUEVSKI]; Internal Macedonian RevolutionaryOrganization-People's Party or VMRO-Narodna [Vesna JANEVSKA]; Leaguefor Democracy [Gjorgi MARJANOVIC]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP[Risto PENOV]; Liberal Party [Stojan ANDOV]; National Alternative[Harun ALIU]; National Democratic Party-New Democratic Forces orPDK-FRO [Hysni SHAQIR]; New Social Democratic Party or NSDP [TitoPETKOVSKI]; Party for Democratic Future [Alajdin DEMIRI]; Party forDemocratic Prosperity or PPD/PDP [Abduljhadi VEJSELI]; Party forEuropean Future or PEI [Fijat CANOSKI]; Social Democratic Allianceof Macedonia or SDSM [Radmila SEKERINSKA]; Socialist Party ofMacedonia or SP [Ljubisav IVANOV-ZINGO]; Union of Romas or SR [SaliuSHABAN]; United Party for Emancipation or OPE [Nezdet MUSTAFA]
MadagascarAssociation for the Rebirth of Madagascar or AREMA[Pierrot RAJAONARIVO]; Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action forNational Recovery or LEADER/Fanilo [Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO]; FihaonanaParty or FP [Guy-Willy RAZANAMASY]; I Love Madagascar or TIM [MarcRAVALOMANANA]; Renewal of the Social Democratic Party or RPSD[Evariste MARSON]