Lesothogeneral assessment: rudimentary systemdomestic: consists of a modest but growing number of landlines, asmall microwave radio relay system, and a minor radiotelephonecommunication system; a cellular mobile telephone system is growinginternational: country code - 266; satellite earth station - 1Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Liberiageneral assessment: the limited services available are foundalmost exclusively in the capital Monroviadomestic: fully automatic system with very low density of .23 fixedmain lines per 100 persons; limited wireless service availableinternational: country code - 231; satellite earth station - 1Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Libyageneral assessment: telecommunications system is beingmodernized; mobile cellular telephone system became operational in1996domestic: microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, cellular,tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earthstationsinternational: country code - 218; satellite earth stations - 4Intelsat, NA Arabsat, and NA Intersputnik; submarine cables toFrance and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt;tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel (1999)
Liechtensteingeneral assessment: automatic telephone systemdomestic: NAinternational: country code - 423; linked to Swiss networks by cableand microwave radio relay
Lithuaniageneral assessment: inadequate, but is being modernized toprovide an improved international capability and better residentialaccessdomestic: a national, fiber-optic cable, interurban, trunk system isnearing completion; rural exchanges are being improved and expanded;mobile cellular systems are being installed; access to the Internetis available; still many unsatisfied telephone subscriberapplicationsinternational: country code - 370; landline connections to Latviaand Poland; major international connections to Denmark, Sweden, andNorway by submarine cable for further transmission by satellite
Luxembourggeneral assessment: highly developed, completelyautomated and efficient system, mainly buried cablesdomestic: nationwide cellular telephone system; buried cableinternational: country code - 352; 3 channels leased on TAT-6coaxial submarine cable (Europe to North America)
Macaugeneral assessment: fairly modern communication facilitiesmaintained for domestic and international servicesdomestic: NAinternational: country code - 853; HF radiotelephone communicationfacility; access to international communications carriers providedvia Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat(Indian Ocean)
Macedoniageneral assessment: NAdomestic: NAinternational: country code - 389
Madagascargeneral assessment: system is above average for the regiondomestic: open-wire lines, coaxial cables, microwave radio relay,and tropospheric scatter links connect regionsinternational: country code - 261; submarine cable to Bahrain;satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region)
Malawigeneral assessment: NAdomestic: system employs open-wire lines, microwave radio relaylinks, and radiotelephone communications stationsinternational: country code - 265; satellite earth stations - 2Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Malaysiageneral assessment: modern system; international serviceexcellentdomestic: good intercity service provided on Peninsular Malaysiamainly by microwave radio relay; adequate intercity microwave radiorelay network between Sabah and Sarawak via Brunei; domesticsatellite system with 2 earth stationsinternational: country code - 60; submarine cables to India, HongKong, and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 IndianOcean and 1 Pacific Ocean) (2001)
Maldivesgeneral assessment: Telephone services have improved; eachisland now has at least one public telephone, and there are mobilecellular networks with expanding subscribershipdomestic: interatoll communication through microwave links; allinhabited islands and resorts are connected with telephone and faxserviceinternational: country code - 960; satellite earth station - 3Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Maligeneral assessment: domestic system unreliable but improving;provides only minimal servicedomestic: network consists of microwave radio relay, open-wire, andradiotelephone communications stations; expansion of microwave radiorelay in progressinternational: country code - 223; satellite earth stations - 2Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)
Maltageneral assessment: automatic system satisfies normalrequirementsdomestic: submarine cable and microwave radio relay between islandsinternational: country code - 356; 2 submarine cables; satelliteearth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Marshall Islandsgeneral assessment: digital switching equipment;modern services include telex, cellular, internet, internationalcalling, caller ID, and leased data circuitsdomestic: Majuro Atoll and Ebeye and Kwajalein islands have regular,seven-digit, direct-dial telephones; other islands interconnected byhigh frequency radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes)and mini-satellite telephonesinternational: country code - 692; satellite earth stations - 2Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); US Government satellite communicationssystem on Kwajalein (2001)
Mauritaniageneral assessment: limited system of cable and open-wirelines, minor microwave radio relay links, and radiotelephonecommunications stations (improvements being made)domestic: mostly cable and open-wire lines; a recently completeddomestic satellite telecommunications system links Nouakchott withregional capitalsinternational: country code - 222; satellite earth stations - 1Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 2 Arabsat
Mauritiusgeneral assessment: small system with good servicedomestic: primarily microwave radio relay trunk systeminternational: country code - 230; satellite earth station - 1Intelsat (Indian Ocean); new microwave link to Reunion; HFradiotelephone links to several countries; fiber optic submarinecable (SAT-3/WASC/SAFE) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Mayottegeneral assessment: small system administered by FrenchDepartment of Posts and Telecommunicationsdomestic: NAinternational: country code - 269; microwave radio relay and HFradiotelephone communications to Comoros
Mexicogeneral assessment: low telephone density with about 18 mainlines per 100 persons; privatized in December 1990; the opening tocompetition in January 1997 improved prospects for development, butTelmex remains dominantdomestic: adequate telephone service for business and government,but the population is poorly served; mobile subscribers faroutnumber fixed-line subscribers; domestic satellite system with 120earth stations; extensive microwave radio relay network;considerable use of fiber-optic cable and coaxial cableinternational: country code - 52; satellite earth stations - 32Intelsat, 2 Solidaridad (giving Mexico improved access to SouthAmerica, Central America, and much of the US as well as enhancingdomestic communications), 1 Panamsat, numerous Inmarsat mobile earthstations; linked to Central American Microwave System of trunkconnections; high capacity Columbus-2 fiber-optic submarine cablewith access to the US, Virgin Islands, Canary Islands, Morocco,Spain, and Italy (2005)
Micronesia, Federated States of general assessment: adequate system domestic: islands interconnected by shortwave radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes), satellite (Intelsat) ground stations, and some coaxial and fiber-optic cable; cellular service available on Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap international: country code - 691; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2002)
Moldovageneral assessment: inadequate, outmoded, poor serviceoutside Chisinau; some modernization is under waydomestic: depending on location, new subscribers may face long waitfor service; two private operators of GSM mobile cellular telephoneservice are operating; GPRS system is being introduced; license forone CDMA mobile telephone network currently being tendered.international: country code - 373; service through Romania andRussia via landline; satellite earth stations - Intelsat, Eutelsat,and Intersputnik
Monacogeneral assessment: modern automatic telephone systemdomestic: NAinternational: country code - 377; no satellite earth stations;connected by cable into the French communications system
Mongoliageneral assessment: network is improving with internationaldirect dialing available in many areasdomestic: very low density of about 5.5 main lines per 100 persons;two wireless providers cover all but two provincesinternational: country code - 976; satellite earth station - 1Intersputnik (Indian Ocean Region)
Montenegrogeneral assessment: modern telecommunications system withaccess to European satellitesdomestic: GSM wireless service, available through two providers withnational coverage, is growing rapidlyinternational: country code - 382 (the old code of 381 used bySerbia and Montenegro will also remain in use until Feb 2007); twointernational switches connect the national system
Montserratgeneral assessment: modern and fully digitalizeddomestic: NAinternational: country code - 1-664
Moroccogeneral assessment: modern system with all importantcapabilities; however, density is low with only 4 main linesavailable for each 100 personsdomestic: good system composed of open-wire lines, cables, andmicrowave radio relay links; Internet available but expensive;principal switching centers are Casablanca and Rabat; nationalnetwork nearly 100% digital using fiber-optic links; improved ruralservice employs microwave radio relayinternational: country code - 212; 7 submarine cables; satelliteearth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat;microwave radio relay to Gibraltar, Spain, and Western Sahara;coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria; participant inMedarabtel; fiber-optic cable link from Agadir to Algeria andTunisia (1998)
Mozambiquegeneral assessment: fair system but not availablegenerally (extremely low density with less than 1 main line per 100persons)domestic: the system consists of open-wire lines and trunkconnection by microwave radio relay and tropospheric scatterinternational: country code - 258; satellite earth stations - 5Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean)
Namibiageneral assessment: good system; about 6 telephones for each100 personsdomestic: good urban services; fair rural service; microwave radiorelay links major towns; connections to other populated places areby open wire; 100% digitalinternational: country code - 264; fiber-optic cable to SouthAfrica, microwave radio relay link to Botswana, direct links toother neighboring countries; connected to Africa ONE and SouthAfrican Far East (SAFE) submarine cables through South Africa;satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (2002)
Naurugeneral assessment: adequate local and internationalradiotelephone communication provided via Australian facilitiesdomestic: NAinternational: country code - 674; satellite earth station - 1Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Nepalgeneral assessment: poor telephone and telegraph service; fairradiotelephone communication service and mobile cellular telephonenetworkdomestic: NAinternational: country code - 977; radiotelephone communications;microwave landline to India; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat(Indian Ocean)
Netherlandsgeneral assessment: highly developed and well maintaineddomestic: extensive fixed-line fiber-optic network; cellulartelephone system is one of the largest in Europe with five majornetwork operators utilizing the third generation of the GlobalSystem for Mobile Communications (GSM)international: country code - 31; 9 submarine cables; satelliteearth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean), 1Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions) (2004)
Netherlands Antillesgeneral assessment: generally adequatefacilitiesdomestic: extensive interisland microwave radio relay linksinternational: country code - 599; submarine cables - 2; satelliteearth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
New Caledoniageneral assessment: NAdomestic: NAinternational: country code - 687; satellite earth station - 1Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
New Zealandgeneral assessment: excellent domestic and internationalsystemsdomestic: NAinternational: country code - 64; submarine cables to Australia andFiji; 8 satellite earth stations - 1 InMarSat (Pacific Ocean), 7other
Nicaraguageneral assessment: inadequate system being upgraded byforeign investmentdomestic: low-capacity microwave radio relay and wire system beingexpanded; connected to Central American Microwave Systeminternational: country code - 505; satellite earth stations - 1Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region) and 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Nigergeneral assessment: small system of wire, radio telephonecommunications, and microwave radio relay links concentrated in thesouthwestern area of Nigerdomestic: wire, radiotelephone communications, and microwave radiorelay; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations and 1 plannedinternational: country code - 227; satellite earth stations - 2Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)
Nigeriageneral assessment: expansion and modernization of thefixed-line telephone network has been slow due to faltering effortsat privatizationdomestic: the addition of a second fixed-line provider in 2002resulted in faster growth in this service; wireless telephony hasgrown rapidly, in part responding to the shortcomings of thefixed-line network; four wireless (GSM) service providers operatenationally; the combined growth resulted in a sharp increase inteledensity reported to be over 18% in March 2006international: country code - 234; satellite earth stations - 3Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean); fiber opticsubmarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Niuedomestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages onislandinternational: country code - 683
Norfolk Islandgeneral assessment: adequatedomestic: free local callsinternational: country code - 672; undersea coaxial cable links withAustralia, New Zealand, and Canada; satellite earth station
Northern Mariana Islandsgeneral assessment: NAdomestic: NAinternational: country code - 1-670; satellite earth stations - 2Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Norwaygeneral assessment: modern in all respects; one of the mostadvanced telecommunications networks in Europedomestic: Norway has a domestic satellite system; moreover, theprevalence of rural areas encourages the wide use of cellular mobilesystems instead of fixed-wire systemsinternational: country code - 47; 2 buried coaxial cable systems; 4coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - NA Eutelsat, NAIntelsat (Atlantic Ocean), and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Oceanregions); note - Norway shares the Inmarsat earth station with theother Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Sweden) (1999)
Omangeneral assessment: modern system consisting of open-wire,microwave, and radiotelephone communication stations; limitedcoaxial cabledomestic: open-wire, microwave, radiotelephone communications, and adomestic satellite system with 8 earth stationsinternational: country code - 968; satellite earth stations - 2Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat
Pakistangeneral assessment: the telecom infrastructure is improvingdramatically with foreign and domestic investments into fixed-lineand mobile networks; mobile cellular subscribership has skyrocketed,approaching 50 million in late 2006, up from only about 300,000 in2000; fiber systems are being constructed throughout the country toaid in network growth; main line availability has risen onlymarginally over the same period and there are still difficultiesgetting main line service to rural areas.domestic: microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable,cellular, and satellite networksinternational: country code - 92; satellite earth stations - 3Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); 3 operationalinternational gateway exchanges (1 at Karachi and 2 at Islamabad);microwave radio relay to neighboring countries (2006)
Palaugeneral assessment: NAdomestic: NAinternational: country code - 680; satellite earth station - 1Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Panamageneral assessment: domestic and international facilitieswell developeddomestic: NAinternational: country code - 507; 1 coaxial submarine cable;satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected tothe Central American Microwave System
Papua New Guineageneral assessment: services are adequate;facilities provide radiotelephone and telegraph, coastal radio,aeronautical radio, and international radio communication servicesdomestic: mostly radiotelephoneinternational: country code - 675; submarine cables to Australia andGuam; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean);international radio communication service
Paraguaygeneral assessment: meager telephone service; principalswitching center is in Asunciondomestic: fair microwave radio relay networkinternational: country code - 595; satellite earth station - 1Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Perugeneral assessment: adequate for most requirementsdomestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system and a domesticsatellite system with 12 earth stationsinternational: country code - 51; satellite earth stations - 2Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); Pan American submarine cable
Philippinesgeneral assessment: good international radiotelephoneand submarine cable services; domestic and inter-island serviceadequatedomestic: domestic satellite system with 11 earth stations; cellularcommunications now dominate the industry with roughly 10 mobilecellular subscribers for every fixed-line subscriberinternational: country code - 63; 11 international gateways;submarine cables to Hong Kong, Guam, Singapore, Taiwan, Japan,Brunei, and Malaysia among others
Pitcairn Islandsgeneral assessment: satellite phone servicesdomestic: domestic communication via radio (CB)international: country code - 872; satellite earth station (Inmarsat)
Polandgeneral assessment: modernization of the telecommunicationsnetwork has accelerated with market based competition finalized in2003; fixed-line service, dominated by the former state-ownedcompany, is dwarfed by the growth in wireless telephonydomestic: wireless service, available since 1993 (GSM serviceavailable since 1996) and provided by three nation-wide networks,has grown rapidly in response to the weak fixed-line coverage; thirdgeneration UMTS service available in urban areas; cellular coverageis generally good with more gaps in the east; fixed-line service isgrowing slowly and still lags in rural areasinternational: country code - 48; international direct dialing withautomated exchanges; satellite earth station - 1 (Intelsat,Eutelsat, Inmarsat, and Intersputnik)
Portugalgeneral assessment: Portugal's telephone system hasachieved a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speedcapabilitiesdomestic: integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwaveradio relay, and domestic satellite earth stationsinternational: country code - 351; 6 submarine cables; satelliteearth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean),NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores; note - an earth stationfor Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region) is planned
Puerto Ricogeneral assessment: modern system integrated with thatof the US by high-capacity submarine cable and Intelsat withhigh-speed data capabilitydomestic: digital telephone system; cellular telephone serviceinternational: country code - 1-787, 939; satellite earth station -1 Intelsat; submarine cable to US
Qatargeneral assessment: modern system centered in Dohadomestic: NAinternational: country code - 974; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain;microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and UAE; submarine cable toBahrain and UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 AtlanticOcean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat
Romaniageneral assessment: rapidly improving domestic andinternational service, especially in wireless telephonydomestic: 90% of telephone network is automatic; liberalization in2003 is transforming telecommunications; there has been 20% growthin fixed lines with a penetration rate of 58% of households;nation-wide wireless service is growing even faster with four majorproviders and a penetration rate of 32%international: country code - 40; satellite earth station - 10(Intelsat 4); digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operatein Bucharest (2005)
Russiageneral assessment: the telephone system is experiencingsignificant changes; there are more than 1,000 companies licensed tooffer communication services; access to digital lines has improved,particularly in urban centers; Internet and e-mail services areimproving; Russia has made progress toward building thetelecommunications infrastructure necessary for a market economy;the estimated number of mobile subscribers jumped from fewer than 1million in 1998 to 120 million in 2005; a large demand for main lineservice remains unsatisfied, but fixed-line operators continue togrow their servicesdomestic: cross-country digital trunk lines run from SaintPetersburg to Khabarovsk, and from Moscow to Novorossiysk; thetelephone systems in 60 regional capitals have modern digitalinfrastructures; cellular services, both analog and digital, areavailable in many areas; in rural areas, the telephone services arestill outdated, inadequate, and low densityinternational: country code - 7; Russia is connected internationallyby three undersea fiber-optic cables; digital switches in severalcities provide more than 50,000 lines for international calls;satellite earth stations provide access to Intelsat, Intersputnik,Eutelsat, Inmarsat, and Orbita systems
Rwandageneral assessment: telephone system primarily servesbusiness and governmentdomestic: the capital, Kigali, is connected to the centers of theprovinces by microwave radio relay and, recently, by cellulartelephone service; much of the network depends on wire and HFradiotelephoneinternational: country code - 250; international connections employmicrowave radio relay to neighboring countries and satellitecommunications to more distant countries; satellite earth stations -1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) in Kigali (includes telex and telefaxservice)
Saint Helenageneral assessment: can communicate worldwidedomestic: automatic digital networkinternational: country code - 290; international direct dialing;satellite voice and data communications; satellite earth stations -5 (Ascension Island - 4, Saint Helena - 1)
Saint Kitts and Nevisgeneral assessment: good inter-island andinternational connectionsdomestic: inter-island links via Eastern Caribbean Fiber Opticcable; construction of enhanced wireless infrastructure launched inNovember 2004international: country code - 1-869; international calls are carriedby submarine cable or Intelsat
Saint Luciageneral assessment: adequate systemdomestic: system is automatically switchedinternational: country code - 1-758; direct microwave radio relaylink with Martinique and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines;tropospheric scatter to Barbados; international calls beyond thesecountries are carried by Intelsat from Martinique
Saint Pierre and Miquelongeneral assessment: adequatedomestic: NAinternational: country code - 508; radiotelephone communication withmost countries in the world; 1 earth station in French domesticsatellite system
Saint Vincent and the Grenadinesgeneral assessment: adequate systemdomestic: islandwide, fully automatic telephone system; VHF/UHFradiotelephone from Saint Vincent to the other islands of theGrenadinesinternational: country code - 1-784; VHF/UHF radiotelephone fromSaint Vincent to Barbados; new SHF radiotelephone to Grenada and toSaint Lucia; access to Intelsat earth station in Martinique throughSaint Lucia
Samoageneral assessment: adequatedomestic: NAinternational: country code - 685; satellite earth station - 1Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
San Marinogeneral assessment: adequate connectionsdomestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated intoItalian systeminternational: country code - 378; connected to Italianinternational network
Sao Tome and Principegeneral assessment: adequate facilitiesdomestic: minimal systeminternational: country code - 239; satellite earth station - 1Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Saudi Arabiageneral assessment: modern systemdomestic: extensive microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, andfiber-optic cable systemsinternational: country code - 966; microwave radio relay to Bahrain,Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, UAE, Yemen, and Sudan; coaxial cable toKuwait and Jordan; submarine cable to Djibouti, Egypt and Bahrain;satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (3 Atlantic Ocean and 2 IndianOcean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean region)
Senegalgeneral assessment: good systemdomestic: above-average urban system; microwave radio relay, coaxialcable and fiber-optic cable in trunk systeminternational: country code - 221; 4 submarine cables; satelliteearth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Serbiageneral assessment: modernization of the telecommunicationsnetwork has been slow as a result of damage stemming from the 1999war and transition to a competitive market-based system; network wasonly 65% digitalized in 2005domestic: teledensity remains below the average for neighboringstates; GSM wireless service, available through two providers withnational coverage, is growing very rapidly; best telecommunicationsservice limited to urban centersinternational: country code - 381
Seychellesgeneral assessment: effective systemdomestic: radiotelephone communications between islands in thearchipelagointernational: country code - 248; direct radiotelephonecommunications with adjacent island countries and African coastalcountries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Sierra Leonegeneral assessment: marginal telephone and telegraphservicedomestic: the national microwave radio relay trunk system connectsFreetown to Bo and Kenemainternational: country code - 232; satellite earth station - 1Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Singaporegeneral assessment: excellent servicedomestic: excellent domestic facilities; launched 3G wirelessservice in February 2005international: country code - 65; 9 submarine cables provide directconnection to more than 100 countries; 4 satellite earth stations,supplemented by VSAT coverage
Slovakiageneral assessment: Slovakia has a moderntelecommunications system that has expanded dramatically in recentyears with the growth in cellular servicesdomestic: analog system is now receiving digital equipment and isbeing enlarged with fiber-optic cable, especially in the largercities; three companies provide nationwide cellular servicesinternational: country code - 421; three international exchanges(one in Bratislava and two in Banska Bystrica) are available;Slovakia is participating in several internationaltelecommunications projects that will increase the availability ofexternal services
Sloveniageneral assessment: NAdomestic: 100% digital (2000)international: country code - 386
Solomon Islandsgeneral assessment: NAdomestic: NAinternational: country code - 677; satellite earth station - 1Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Somaliageneral assessment: the public telecommunications system wasalmost completely destroyed or dismantled by the civil war factions;private wireless companies offer service in most major cities andcharge the lowest international rates on the continentdomestic: local cellular telephone systems have been established inMogadishu and in several other population centersinternational: country code - 252; international connections areavailable from Mogadishu by satellite
South Africageneral assessment: the system is the best developedand most modern in Africadomestic: consists of carrier-equipped open-wire lines, coaxialcables, microwave radio relay links, fiber-optic cable,radiotelephone communication stations, and wireless local loops; keycenters are Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg, PortElizabeth, and Pretoriainternational: country code - 27; 2 submarine cables; satelliteearth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islandsgeneral assessment: NAdomestic: NAinternational: coastal radiotelephone station at Grytviken
Spaingeneral assessment: generally adequate, modern facilities;teledensity is 45 main lines for each 100 personsdomestic: NAinternational: country code - 34; 22 coaxial submarine cables;satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 IndianOcean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to adjacent countries
Sri Lankageneral assessment: telephone services have improvedsignificantly and are available in most parts of the country.domestic: national trunk network consists mostly of digitalmicrowave radio relay; fiber-optic links now in use in Colombo areaand two fixed wireless local loops have been installed; competitionis strong in mobile cellular systems and mobile cellularsubscribership is increasing; telephone density remains low (2006)international: country code - 94; submarine cables to Indonesia,Djibouti, India and Maldives; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat(Indian Ocean)
Sudangeneral assessment: large, well-equipped system by regionalstandards and being upgraded; cellular communications started in1996 and have expanded substantiallydomestic: consists of microwave radio relay, cable, radiotelephonecommunications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellitesystem with 14 earth stationsinternational: country code - 249; satellite earth stations - 1Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat (2000)
Surinamegeneral assessment: international facilities are gooddomestic: microwave radio relay networkinternational: country code - 597; satellite earth stations - 2Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Svalbardgeneral assessment: probably adequatedomestic: local telephone serviceinternational: country code - 47-790; satellite earth station - 1 ofunknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)
Swazilandgeneral assessment: a somewhat modern but not an advancedsystemdomestic: system consists of carrier-equipped, open-wire lines andlow-capacity, microwave radio relayinternational: country code - 268; satellite earth station - 1Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Swedengeneral assessment: excellent domestic and internationalfacilities; automatic systemdomestic: coaxial and multiconductor cables carry most of the voicetraffic; parallel microwave radio relay systems carry someadditional telephone channelsinternational: country code - 46; 5 submarine coaxial cables;satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Eutelsat,and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Swedenshares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries(Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway)
Switzerlandgeneral assessment: excellent domestic and internationalservicesdomestic: extensive cable and microwave radio relay networksinternational: country code - 41; satellite earth stations - 2Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean)
Syriageneral assessment: fair system currently undergoingsignificant improvement and digital upgrades, including fiber-optictechnologydomestic: coaxial cable and microwave radio relay networkinternational: country code - 963; satellite earth stations - 1Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region);1 submarine cable; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Iraq,Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey; participant in Medarabtel
Taiwangeneral assessment: provides telecommunications service forevery business and private needdomestic: thoroughly modern; completely digitalizedinternational: country code - 886; satellite earth stations - 2Intelsat (1 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean); submarine cables toJapan (Okinawa), Philippines, Guam, Singapore, Hong Kong, Indonesia,Australia, Middle East, and Western Europe (1999)
Tajikistangeneral assessment: poorly developed and not wellmaintained; many towns are not linked to the national networkdomestic: the domestic telecommunications network has historicallybeen under-funded and poorly maintained; main line availability hasnot changed significantly since 1998; cellular telephony is rare andcoverage remains limited.international: country code - 992; linked by cable and microwaveradio relay to other CIS republics and by leased connections to theMoscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat tointernational gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earthstations - 1 Orbita and 2 Intelsat
Tanzaniageneral assessment: fair system operating below capacityand being modernized for better service; very small apertureterminal (VSAT) system under constructiondomestic: trunk service provided by open-wire, microwave radiorelay, tropospheric scatter, and fiber-optic cable; some links beingmade digitalinternational: country code - 255; satellite earth stations - 2Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Thailandgeneral assessment: high quality system, especially inurban areas like Bangkok; WTO requirement for privatization oftelecom sector is planned to be complete by 2006domestic: fixed line system provided by both a government owned andcommercial provider; wireless service expanding rapidly andoutpacing fixed linesinternational: country code - 66; satellite earth stations - 2Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); landing country forAPCN submarine cable
Togogeneral assessment: fair system based on a network of microwaveradio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobilecellular systemdomestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventionalsysteminternational: country code - 228; satellite earth stations - 1Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Symphonie
Tokelaugeneral assessment: modern satellite-based communicationssystem;domestic: radiotelephone service between islandsinternational: country code - 690; radiotelephone service to Samoa;government-regulated telephone service (TeleTok), with 3 satelliteearth stations
Tongageneral assessment: competition between TongaTelecommunications Corporation (TCC) and Shoreline CommunicationsTonga (SCT) is accelerating expansion of telecommunications; SCTrecently granted authority to develop high-speed digital service fortelephone, Internet, and televisiondomestic: fully automatic switched networkinternational: country code - 676; satellite earth station - 1Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2004)
Trinidad and Tobagogeneral assessment: excellent internationalservice; good local servicedomestic: NAinternational: country code - 1-868; satellite earth station - 1Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Barbados andGuyana
Tunisiageneral assessment: above the African average and continuingto be upgraded; key centers are Sfax, Sousse, Bizerte, and Tunis;Internet access availabledomestic: trunk facilities consist of open-wire lines, coaxialcable, and microwave radio relayinternational: country code - 216; 5 submarine cables; satelliteearth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; coaxialcable and microwave radio relay to Algeria and Libya; participant inMedarabtel; two international gateway digital switches
Turkeygeneral assessment: undergoing rapid modernization andexpansion, especially with cellular telephonesdomestic: additional digital exchanges are permitting a rapidincrease in subscribers; the construction of a network oftechnologically advanced intercity trunk lines, using bothfiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay is facilitatingcommunication between urban centers; remote areas are reached by adomestic satellite system; the number of subscribers to mobilecellular telephone service is growing rapidlyinternational: country code - 90; international service is providedby three submarine fiber-optic cables in the Mediterranean and BlackSeas, linking Turkey with Italy, Greece, Israel, Bulgaria, Romania,and Russia; also by 12 Intelsat earth stations, and by 328 mobilesatellite terminals in the Inmarsat and Eutelsat systems (2002)
Turkmenistangeneral assessment: poorly developeddomestic: Turkmenistan's telecommunications network remains woefullyunderdeveloped; Turkmentelekom, in cooperation with foreigninvestors, is planning to upgrade the country's telephone exchangesand install a new digital switching systeminternational: country code - 993; linked by cable and microwaveradio relay to other CIS republics and to other countries by leasedconnections to the Moscow international gateway switch; a newtelephone link from Ashgabat to Iran has been established; a newexchange in Ashgabat switches international traffic through Turkeyvia Intelsat; satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 1 Intelsat
Turks and Caicos Islandsgeneral assessment: fully digital systemwith international direct dialingdomestic: full range of services available; GSM wireless serviceavailableinternational: country code - 1-649; 2 submarine cables; satelliteearth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Tuvalugeneral assessment: serves particular needs for internalcommunicationsdomestic: radiotelephone communications between islandsinternational: country code - 688; international calls can be madeby satellite
Ugandageneral assessment: seriously inadequate; two cellularsystems have been introduced, but a sharp increase in the number ofmain lines is essential; e-mail and Internet services are availabledomestic: intercity traffic by wire, microwave radio relay, andradiotelephone communication stations, fixed and mobile cellularsystems for short-range trafficinternational: country code - 256; satellite earth stations - 1Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat; analog links to Kenya andTanzania
Ukrainegeneral assessment: Ukraine's telecommunication developmentplan, running through 2005, emphasizes improving domestic trunklines, international connections, and the mobile cellular systemdomestic: at independence in December 1991, Ukraine inherited atelephone system that was antiquated, inefficient, and in disrepair;more than 3.5 million applications for telephones could not besatisfied; telephone density is rising slowly and the domestic trunksystem is being improved; the mobile cellular telephone system isexpanding at a high rateinternational: country code - 380; two new domestic trunk lines area part of the fiber-optic Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) system and threeUkrainian links have been installed in the fiber-opticTrans-European Lines (TEL) project that connects 18 countries;additional international service is provided by theItaly-Turkey-Ukraine-Russia (ITUR) fiber-optic submarine cable andby earth stations in the Intelsat, Inmarsat, and Intersputniksatellite systems
United Arab Emiratesgeneral assessment: modern fiber-opticintegrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use ofmobile cellular telephones; key centers are Abu Dhabi and Dubaidomestic: microwave radio relay, fiber optic and coaxial cableinternational: country code - 971; satellite earth stations - 3Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat;submarine cables to Qatar, Bahrain, India, and Pakistan;tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to SaudiArabia
United Kingdomgeneral assessment: technologically advanced domesticand international systemdomestic: equal mix of buried cables, microwave radio relay, andfiber-optic systemsinternational: country code - 44; 40 coaxial submarine cables;satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat (7 Atlantic Ocean and 3Indian Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region), and 1 Eutelsat;at least 8 large international switching centers
United Statesgeneral assessment: a large, technologically advanced,multipurpose communications systemdomestic: a large system of fiber-optic cable, microwave radiorelay, coaxial cable, and domestic satellites carries every form oftelephone traffic; a rapidly growing cellular system carries mobiletelephone traffic throughout the countryinternational: country code - 1; 24 ocean cable systems in use;satellite earth stations - 61 Intelsat (45 Atlantic Ocean and 16Pacific Ocean), 5 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 4Inmarsat (Pacific and Atlantic Ocean regions) (2000)
Uruguaygeneral assessment: fully digitalizeddomestic: most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo; newnationwide microwave radio relay networkinternational: country code - 598; satellite earth stations - 2Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2002)
Uzbekistangeneral assessment: antiquated and inadequate; in seriousneed of modernizationdomestic: the main line telecommunications system is dilapidated;the state owned telecom company, Uzbektelecom, is using a US$110million loan from the Japanese government to improve main lineservices; mobile services are growing swiftly, with the subscriberbase doubling in 2005 to 1.1 million; there are six main cellularproviders currently in operationinternational: country code - 998; linked by landline or microwaveradio relay with CIS member states and to other countries by leasedconnection via the Moscow international gateway switch; after thecompletion of the Uzbek link to the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE)fiber-optic cable, Uzbekistan will be independent of Russianfacilities for international communications; Inmarsat also providesan international connection, albeit an expensive one; satelliteearth stations - NA (1998)
Vanuatugeneral assessment: NAdomestic: NAinternational: country code - 678; satellite earth station - 1Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Venezuelageneral assessment: modern and expandingdomestic: domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations; recentsubstantial improvement in telephone service in rural areas;substantial increase in digitalization of exchanges and trunk lines;installation of a national interurban fiber-optic network capable ofdigital multimedia servicesinternational: country code - 58; 3 submarine coaxial cables;satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1PanAmSat; participating with Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia inthe construction of an international fiber-optic network
Vietnamgeneral assessment: Vietnam is putting considerable effortinto modernization and expansion of its telecommunication system,but its performance continues to lag behind that of its more modernneighborsdomestic: all provincial exchanges are digitalized and connected toHanoi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City by fiber-optic cable ormicrowave radio relay networks; main lines have been substantiallyincreased, and the use of mobile telephones is growing rapidlyinternational: country code - 84; satellite earth stations - 2Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region)
Virgin Islandsgeneral assessment: modern system with total digitalswitching, uses fiber-optic cable and microwave radio relaydomestic: full range of services availableinternational: country code - 1-340; 2 submarine cable connections(Taino Carib, Americas-1); satellite earth stations - NA
Wake Islandgeneral assessment: satellite communications; 2 DSNcircuits off the Overseas Telephone System (OTS)domestic: NAinternational: NA
Wallis and Futunageneral assessment: NAdomestic: NAinternational: country code - 681
West Bankgeneral assessment: NAdomestic: Israeli company BEZEK and the Palestinian company PALTELare responsible for fixed line services in the Gaza Strip; thePalestinian JAWAL company provides cellular servicesinternational: country code - 970
Western Saharageneral assessment: sparse and limited systemdomestic: NAinternational: country code - 212; tied into Morocco's system bymicrowave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and satellite;satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) linked toRabat, Morocco
Worldgeneral assessment: NAdomestic: NAinternational: NA
Yemengeneral assessment: since unification in 1990, efforts havebeen made to create a national telecommunications networkdomestic: the national network consists of microwave radio relay,cable, tropospheric scatter, and GSM cellular mobile telephonesystemsinternational: country code - 967; satellite earth stations - 3Intelsat (2 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean), 1 Intersputnik(Atlantic Ocean region), and 2 Arabsat; microwave radio relay toSaudi Arabia and Djibouti
Zambiageneral assessment: facilities are aging but still among thebest in Sub-Saharan Africadomestic: high-capacity microwave radio relay connects most largertowns and cities; several cellular telephone services in operation;Internet service is widely available; very small aperture terminal(VSAT) networks are operated by private firmsinternational: country code - 260; satellite earth stations - 2Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Zimbabwegeneral assessment: system was once one of the best inAfrica, but now suffers from poor maintenance; more than 100,000outstanding requests for connection despite an equally large numberof installed but unused main linesdomestic: consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines,radiotelephone communication stations, fixed wireless local loopinstallations, and a substantial mobile cellular network; Internetconnection is available in Harare and planned for all major townsand for some of the smaller onesinternational: country code - 263; satellite earth stations - 2Intelsat; two international digital gateway exchanges (in Harare andGweru)
This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007
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@2125 Terrain
Afghanistanmostly rugged mountains; plains in north and southwest
Albaniamostly mountains and hills; small plains along coast
Algeriamostly high plateau and desert; some mountains; narrow,discontinuous coastal plain
American Samoafive volcanic islands with rugged peaks and limitedcoastal plains, two coral atolls (Rose Island, Swains Island)
Andorrarugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys
Angolanarrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau
Anguillaflat and low-lying island of coral and limestone
Antarcticaabout 98% thick continental ice sheet and 2% barren rock,with average elevations between 2,000 and 4,000 meters; mountainranges up to nearly 5,000 meters; ice-free coastal areas includeparts of southern Victoria Land, Wilkes Land, the AntarcticPeninsula area, and parts of Ross Island on McMurdo Sound; glaciersform ice shelves along about half of the coastline, and floating iceshelves constitute 11% of the area of the continent
Antigua and Barbudamostly low-lying limestone and coral islands,with some higher volcanic areas
Arctic Oceancentral surface covered by a perennial drifting polaricepack that, on average, is about 3 meters thick, although pressureridges may be three times that thickness; clockwise drift pattern inthe Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement fromthe New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (betweenGreenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seasduring the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winterand extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with theremainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges(Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge)
Argentinarich plains of the Pampas in northern half, flat torolling plateau of Patagonia in south, rugged Andes along westernborder
ArmeniaArmenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fastflowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley
Arubaflat with a few hills; scant vegetation
Ashmore and Cartier Islandslow with sand and coral
Atlantic Oceansurface usually covered with sea ice in Labrador Sea,Denmark Strait, and coastal portions of the Baltic Sea from Octoberto June; clockwise warm-water gyre (broad, circular system ofcurrents) in the northern Atlantic, counterclockwise warm-water gyrein the southern Atlantic; the ocean floor is dominated by theMid-Atlantic Ridge, a rugged north-south centerline for the entireAtlantic basin
Australiamostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast
Austriain the west and south mostly mountains (Alps); along theeastern and northern margins mostly flat or gently sloping
Azerbaijanlarge, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland) (muchof it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north,Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) in west; Baku lies on AbseronYasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea
Bahamas, Thelong, flat coral formations with some low rounded hills
Bahrainmostly low desert plain rising gently to low centralescarpment
Baker Islandlow, nearly level coral island surrounded by a narrowfringing reef
Bangladeshmostly flat alluvial plain; hilly in southeast
Barbadosrelatively flat; rises gently to central highland region
Bassas da Indiavolcanic rock
Belarusgenerally flat and contains much marshland
Belgiumflat coastal plains in northwest, central rolling hills,rugged mountains of Ardennes Forest in southeast
Belizeflat, swampy coastal plain; low mountains in south
Beninmostly flat to undulating plain; some hills and low mountains
Bermudalow hills separated by fertile depressions
Bhutanmostly mountainous with some fertile valleys and savanna
Boliviarugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau (Altiplano),hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin
Bosnia and Herzegovinamountains and valleys
Botswanapredominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; KalahariDesert in southwest
Bouvet Islandvolcanic; coast is mostly inaccessible
Brazilmostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills,mountains, and narrow coastal belt
British Indian Ocean Territoryflat and low (most areas do notexceed two meters in elevation)
British Virgin Islandscoral islands relatively flat; volcanicislands steep, hilly
Bruneiflat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowlandin west
Bulgariamostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast
Burkina Fasomostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills inwest and southeast
Burmacentral lowlands ringed by steep, rugged highlands
Burundihilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, someplains
Cambodiamostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north
Cameroondiverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateauin center, mountains in west, plains in north
Canadamostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast
Cape Verdesteep, rugged, rocky, volcanic
Cayman Islandslow-lying limestone base surrounded by coral reefs
Central African Republicvast, flat to rolling, monotonous plateau;scattered hills in northeast and southwest
Chadbroad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains innorthwest, lowlands in south
Chilelow coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes ineast
Chinamostly mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west; plains,deltas, and hills in east
Christmas Islandsteep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to centralplateau
Clipperton Islandcoral atoll
Cocos (Keeling) Islandsflat, low-lying coral atolls
Colombiaflat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high AndesMountains, eastern lowland plains
Comorosvolcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to lowhills
Congo, Democratic Republic of thevast central basin is a low-lyingplateau; mountains in east
Congo, Republic of thecoastal plain, southern basin, centralplateau, northern basin
Cook Islandslow coral atolls in north; volcanic, hilly islands insouth
Coral Sea Islandssand and coral reefs and islands (or cays)
Costa Ricacoastal plains separated by rugged mountains includingover 100 volcanic cones, of which several are major volcanoes
Cote d'Ivoiremostly flat to undulating plains; mountains innorthwest
Croatiageographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border,low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands
Cubamostly flat to rolling plains, with rugged hills and mountainsin the southeast
Cypruscentral plain with mountains to north and south; scatteredbut significant plains along southern coast
Czech RepublicBohemia in the west consists of rolling plains,hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the eastconsists of very hilly country
Denmarklow and flat to gently rolling plains
Djibouticoastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains
Dominicarugged mountains of volcanic origin
Dominican Republic rugged highlands and mountains with fertile valleys interspersed
East Timormountainous
Ecuadorcoastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands(sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente)
Egyptvast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta
El Salvadormostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and centralplateau
Equatorial Guineacoastal plains rise to interior hills; islands arevolcanic
Eritreadominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trendinghighlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on thenorthwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rollingplains
Estoniamarshy, lowlands; flat in the north, hilly in the south
Ethiopiahigh plateau with central mountain range divided by GreatRift Valley
Europa Islandlow and flat
European Unionfairly flat along the Baltic and Atlantic coast;mountainous in the central and southern areas
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)rocky, hilly, mountainous withsome boggy, undulating plains
Faroe Islandsrugged, rocky, some low peaks; cliffs along most ofcoast
Fijimostly mountains of volcanic origin
Finlandmostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakesand low hills
Francemostly flat plains or gently rolling hills in north and west;remainder is mountainous, especially Pyrenees in south, Alps in eastFrench Guiana: low-lying coastal plains rising to hills and smallmountainsGuadeloupe: Basse-Terre is volcanic in origin with interiormountains; Grande-Terre is low limestone formation; most of theseven other islands are volcanic in originMartinique: mountainous with indented coastline; dormant volcanoReunion: mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast
French Polynesiamixture of rugged high islands and low islands withreefs
French Southern and Antarctic Landsvolcanic
Gabonnarrow coastal plain; hilly interior; savanna in east and south
Gambia, Theflood plain of the Gambia River flanked by some low hills
Gaza Stripflat to rolling, sand- and dune-covered coastal plain
Georgialargely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in thenorth and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi(Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari RiverBasin in the east; good soils in river valley flood plains,foothills of Kolkhida Lowland
Germanylowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south
Ghanamostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area
Gibraltara narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar
Glorioso Islandslow and flat
Greecemostly mountains with ranges extending into the sea aspeninsulas or chains of islands
Greenlandflat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow,mountainous, barren, rocky coast
Grenadavolcanic in origin with central mountains
Guamvolcanic origin, surrounded by coral reefs; relatively flatcoralline limestone plateau (source of most fresh water), with steepcoastal cliffs and narrow coastal plains in north, low hills incenter, mountains in south
Guatemalamostly mountains with narrow coastal plains and rollinglimestone plateau
Guernseymostly level with low hills in southwest
Guineagenerally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior
Guinea-Bissaumostly low coastal plain rising to savanna in east
Guyanamostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in south
Haitimostly rough and mountainous
Heard Island and McDonald Islands Heard Island - 80% ice-covered, bleak and mountainous, dominated by a large massif (Big Ben) and an active volcano (Mawson Peak); McDonald Islands - small and rocky