Bosnia and HerzegovinaAlliance of Independent Social Democrats orSNSD [Milorad DODIK]; Bosnian Party or BOSS [Mirnes AJANOVIC]; CivicDemocratic Party or GDS [Ibrahim SPAHIC]; Croat Christian DemocraticUnion of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HKDU [Marin TOPIC]; Croat Partyof Rights or HSP [Zvonko JURISIC]; Croat Peasants Party or HSS[Marko TADIC]; Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovinaor HDZ-BH [Dragan COVIC]; Croatian Democratic Union 1990 or HDZ1990[Bozo LJUBIC]; Croatian Democratic Union 100 or HDZ100; CroatianPeoples Union [Milenko BRKIC]; Democratic National Union or DNZ[Rifet DOLIC]; Democratic Peoples Alliance or DNS [Marko PAVIC];Liberal Democratic Party or LDS [Rasim KADIC]; New Croat Initiativeor NHI [Kresimir ZUBAK]; Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina or SBH[Haris SILAJDZIC]; Party for Democratic Action or SDA [SulejmanTIHIC]; Party of Democratic Progress or PDP [Mladen IVANIC]; SerbDemocratic Party or SDS [Mladen BOSIC]; Serb Radical Party of theRepublika Srpska or SRS-RS [Milanko MIHAJLICA]; Serb RadicalParty-Dr. Vojislav Seselj or SRS-VS [Radislav KANJERIC]; SocialDemocratic Party of BIH or SDP [Zlatko LAGUMDZIJA]; SocialDemocratic Union or SDU [Sejfudin TOKIC]; Socialist Party ofRepublika Srpska or SPRS [Petar DJOKIC]
BotswanaBotswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim LepetuSETSHWAELO]; Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Otlaadisa KOOSALETSE];Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Festus G. MOGAE]; BotswanaNational Front or BNF [Otswoletse MOUPO]; Botswana Peoples Party orBPP; MELS Movement of Botswana or MELS; New Democratic Front or NDFnote: a number of minor parties joined forces in 1999 to form theBAM but did not capture any parliamentary seats - includes theUnited Action Party [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]; the IndependenceFreedom Party or IFP [Motsamai MPHO]; the Botswana Progressive Union[D. K. KWELE]
BrazilBrazilian Democratic Movement Party or PMDB [Federal DeputyMichel TEMER]; Brazilian Labor Party or PTB [Roberto JEFFERSON];Brazilian Renewal Labor Party or PRTB [Jose Levy FIDELIX da Cruz];Brazilian Republican Party or PRB [Vitor Paulo Araujo DOS SANTOS];Brazilian Social Democracy Party or PSDB [Senator Sergio GUERRA];Brazilian Socialist Party or PSB [Governor Eduardo Henrique AcciolyCAMPOS]; Christian Labor Party or PTC [Daniel TOURINHO]; CommunistParty of Brazil or PCdoB [Jose Renato RABELO]; Democratic LaborParty or PDT [Carlos Roberto LUPI]; the Democrats or DEM (formerlyLiberal Front Party or PFL) [Federal Deputy Rodrigo MAIA]; Freedomand Socialism Party or PSOL [Heloisa HELENA]; Green Party or PV[Jose Luiz de Franca PENNA]; Humanist Party of Solidarity or PHS[Paulo Roberto MATOS]; Labor Party of Brazil or PTdoB [Luis Henriquede Oliveira RESENDE]; Liberal Front Party or PFL (now known as theDemocrats or DEM); National Mobilization Party or PMN [Oscar NoronhaFILHO]; Party of the Republic or PR [Sergio TAMER]; PopularSocialist Party or PPS [Federal Deputy Fernando CORUJA]; ProgressiveParty or PP [Francisco DORNELLES]; Social Christian Party or PSC[Vitor Jorge Abdala NOSSEIS]; Workers' Party or PT [Ricardo JoseRibeiro BERZOINI]
British Virgin IslandsConcerned Citizens Movement or CCM [EthlynSMITH]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Orlando SMITH]; UnitedParty or UP [Gregory MADURO]; Virgin Islands Party or VIP [Ralph T.O'NEAL]
BruneiNational Development Party or NDP [YASSIN Affendi]note: Brunei National Solidarity Party or PPKB [Abdul LATIF binChuchu] and People's Awareness Party or PAKAR [Awang Haji MAIDIN binHaji Ahmad] were deregistered; parties are small and have limitedactivity
BulgariaATAKA (Attack Coalition) (coalition of parties headed bythe Attack National Union); Attack National Union [Volen SIDEROV];Bulgarian Agrarian National Union-People's Union or BANU [AnastasiaMOZER]; Bulgarian New Democracy [Borislav RALCHEV]; BulgarianPeople's Union or BPU (coalition of UFD, IMRO, and BANU); BulgarianSocialist Party or BSP [Sergei STANISHEV]; Citizens for the EuropeanDevelopment of Bulgaria or GERB [Tsvetan TSVETANOV]; Coalition forBulgaria or CfB (coalition of parties dominated by BSP) [SergeiSTANISHEV]; Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria or DSB [Ivan KOSTOV];Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization or IMRO [KrasimirKARAKACHANOV]; Movement for Rights and Freedoms or MRF [AhmedDOGAN]; National Movement for Stability and Progress or NMSS [SimeonSAXE-COBURG-GOTHA] (formerly National Movement Simeon II or NMS2);New Time [Emil KOSHLUKOV]; Union of Democratic Forces or UDF [PetarSTOYANOV]; Union of Free Democrats or UFD [Stefan SOFIYANSKI];United Democratic Forces or UtDF (a coalition of center-rightparties dominated by UDF)
Burkina FasoAfrican Democratic Rally-Alliance for Democracy andFederation or ADF-RDA [Gilbert OUEDRAOGO]; Citizen's Popular Rallyor RPC [Antoine QUARE]; Coalition of Democratic Forces of Burkina orCFD-B [Amadou Diemdioda DICKO]; Congress for Democracy and Progressor CDP [Roch Marc-Christian KABORE]; Movement for Tolerance andProgress or MTP [Nayabtigungou Congo KABORE]; Party for AfricanIndependence or PAI [Philippe OUEDRAOGO]; Party for Democracy andProgress/Socialist Party or PDP/PS [Ali LANKOANDE]; Party forDemocracy and Socialism or PDS [Felix SOUBEIGA]; Party for NationalRebirth or PAREN [Oumar DJIGUIMDE]; Rally for the Development ofBurkina or RDB [Antoine KARGOUGOU]; Rally of Ecologists of BurkinaFaso or RDEB [Ram OUEDRAGO]; Republican Party for Integration andSolidarity or PARIS [Cyril GOUNGOUNGA]; Union for Democracy andSocial Progress or UDPS [Fidele HIEN]; Union for Rebirth - SankaristMovement or UNIR-MS [Benewende STANISLAS]; Union for the Republic orUPR [Toussaint Abel COULIBALY]; Union of Sankarist Parties or UPS[Ernest Nongma OUEDRAOGO]
BurmaNational League for Democracy or NLD [AUNG SHWE, AUNG SAN SUUKYI]; National Unity Party or NUP (pro-regime) [TUN YE]; ShanNationalities League for Democracy or SNLD [HKUN HTUN OO]; and othersmaller parties
Burundigoverning parties: Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU[Leonce NGENDAKUMANA]; National Council for the Defense of Democracy- Front for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [JeremieNGENDAKUMANA]; Unity for National Progress or UPRONA [Aloys RUBUKA]note: a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are:National Council for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD [LeonardNYANGOMA]; National Resistance Movement for the Rehabilitation ofthe Citizen or MRC-Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI]; Partyfor National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]
CambodiaCambodian People's Party or CPP [CHEA SIM]; National UnitedFront for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and CooperativeCambodia or FUNCINPEC [KEV PUT REAKSMEI]; Norodom Ranariddh Party orNRP [Norodom RANARIDDH]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP [SAM RANGSI]
CameroonCameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou Ndam NJOYA];Cameroon People's Democratic Movement or RDPC [Paul BIYA]; Movementfor the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]; Movementfor the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [MarcelYONDO]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [MaigariBELLO BOUBA]; Progressive Movement or MP; Social Democratic Front orSDF [John FRU NDI]; Union of Peoples of Cameroon or UPC [AugustinFrederic KODOCK]
CanadaBloc Quebecois [Gilles DUCEPPE]; Conservative Party of Canada[Stephen HARPER] (a merger of the Canadian Alliance and theProgressive Conservative Party); Green Party [Elizabeth MAY];Liberal Party [Stephane DION]; New Democratic Party [Jack LAYTON]
Cape VerdeAfrican Party for Independence of Cape Verde or PAICV[Jose Maria Pereira NEVES, chairman]; Democratic Alliance for Changeor ADM [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO] (a coalition of PCD, PTS, and UCID);Democratic Christian Party or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES]; DemocraticRenovation Party or PRD [Victor FIDALGO]; Democratic and IndependentCape Verdean Union or UCID [Antonio MONTEIRO]; Movement forDemocracy or MPD [Agostinho LOPES]; Party for Democratic Convergenceor PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO]; Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS[Isaias RODRIGUES]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM]
Cayman IslandsUnited Democratic Party or UDP [McKeeva BUSH];People's Progressive Movement or PPM [Kurt TIBBETTS]; note - nonational teams (loose groupings of political organizations) wereformed for the 2000 elections
Central African RepublicAlliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP[Jacques MBOLIEDAS]; Central African Democratic Rally or RDC [AndreKOLINGBA]; Civic Forum or FC [Gen. Timothee MALENDOMA]; DemocraticForum for Modernity or FODEM [Charles MASSI]; Liberal DemocraticParty or PLD [Nestor KOMBO-NAGUEMON]; Londo Association or LONDO;Movement for Democracy and Development or MDD [David DACKO];Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People or MLPC[Ange-Felix PATASSE] (the party of deposed president); NationalConvergence or KNK; Patriotic Front for Progress or FPP [AbelGOUMBA]; People's Union for the Republic or UPR [Pierre SammyMAKFOY]; National Unity Party or PUN [Jean-Paul NGOUPANDE]; SocialDemocratic Party or PSD [Enoch LAKOUE]
ChadFederation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR];National Rally for Development and Progress or RNDP [Delwa KassireKOUMAKOYE]; National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [SalehKEBZABO]; Party for Liberty and Development or PLD [Ibni OumarMahamat SALEH]; Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat SalehAHMAT, chairman]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [LolMahamat CHOUA]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. WadalAbdelkader KAMOUGUE]
ChileAlliance for Chile (Alianza) or APC (including NationalRenewal or RN [Carlos LARRAIN Pena] and Independent Democratic Unionor UDI [Hernan LARRAIN Fernandez]); Coalition of Parties forDemocracy (Concertacion) or CPD (including Christian DemocraticParty or PDC [Soledad ALVEAR], Socialist Party or PS [CamiloESCALONA Medina], Party for Democracy or PPD [Sergio BITAR Chacra],Radical Social Democratic Party or PRSD [Jose Antonio GOMEZUrrutia]); Communist Party or PC [Guillermo TEILLIER]; HumanistParty [Marilen CABRERA Olmos]
ChinaChinese Communist Party or CCP [HU Jintao]; eight registeredsmall parties controlled by CCP
Christmas Islandnone
Cocos (Keeling) Islandsnone
ColombiaColombian Conservative Party or PC [Efrain Jose CEPEDASarabia]; Alternative Democratic Pole or PDA [Carlos GAVIRIA Diaz];Liberal Party or PL [Cesar GAVIRIA Trujillo]; Radical Change or CR[German VARGAS Lleras]; Social National Unity Party or U Party[Carlos GARCIA Orjuela]note: Colombia has 15 formally recognized political parties, andnumerous unofficial parties that did not meet the vote threshold inthe March 2006 legislative elections required for recognition
ComorosConvention for the Renewal of the Comoros or CRC [AZALIAssowmani]; Camp of the Autonomous Islands or CdIA (a coalition ofparties organized by the islands' presidents in opposition to theUnion President); Front National pour la Justice or FNJ [AhmedRACHID] (Islamic party in opposition); Mouvement pour la Democratieet le Progress or MDP-NGDC [Abbas DJOUSSOUF]; Parti Comorien pour laDemocratie et le Progress or PCDP [Ali MROUDJAE]; RassemblementNational pour le Development or RND [Omar TAMOU, AbdoulhamidAFFRAITANE]
Congo, Democratic Republic of theChristian Democrat Party or PDC[Jose ENDUNDO]; Congolese Rally for Democracy or RCD [AzariasRUBERWA]; Convention of Christian Democrats or CDC; Forces ofRenewal or FR [Mbusa NYAMWISI]; Movement for the Liberation of theCongo or MLC [Jean-Pierre BEMBA]; People's Party for Reconstructionand Democracy or PPRD [Joseph KABILA]; Social Movement for Renewalor MSR [Pierre LUMBI]; Unified Lumumbist Party or PALU [AntoineGIZENGA]; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [EtienneTSHISEKEDI]; Union of Mobutuist Democrats or UDEMO [MOBUTU Nzanga]
Congo, Republic of theAction Movement for Renewal or MAR; CongoleseMovement for Democracy and Integral Development or MCDDI [MichelMAMPOUYA]; Congolese Labour Party or PCT; Movement for Solidarityand Development or MSD; Pan-African Union for Social Development orUPADS [Martin MBERI]; Rally for Democracy and Social Progress orRDPS [Jean-Pierre Thystere TCHICAYA, president]; Rally for Democracyand the Republic or RDR [Raymond Damasge NGOLLO]; Union forDemocracy and Republic or UDR; United Democratic Forces or FDU[Sebastian EBAO]; many less important parties
Cook IslandsCook Islands Party or CIP [Henry PUNA]; DemocraticParty or Demo [Dr. Terepai MAOATE]
Costa RicaAuthentic Member from Heredia [Jose SALAS]; CitizenAction Party or PAC [Epsy CAMPBELL Barr]; Costa Rican RenovationParty or PRC [Gerardo Justo OROZCO Alvarez]; Democratic Force Partyor PFD [Marco NUNEZ Gonzalez]; General Union Party or PUGEN [CarlosAlberto FERNANDEZ Vega]; Homeland First or PP [Juan Jose VARGASFallas]; Independent Worker Party or PIO [Jose Alberto CUBEROCarmona]; Libertarian Movement Party or PML [Otto GUEVARA Guth];National Christian Alliance Party or ANC [Juan Carlos CHAVEZ Mora];National Integration Party or PIN [Walter MUNOZ Cespedes]; NationalLiberation Party or PLN [Francisco Antonio PACHECO Fernandez];National Patriotic Party or PPN [Daniel Enrique REYNOLDS Vargas];National Restoration Party or PRN [Fabio Enrique DELGADO Hernandez];National Union Party or PUN [Arturo ACOSTA Mora]; NationalistDemocratic Alliance or ADN [Jose Miguel VILLALOBOS Umana]; PatrioticUnion or UP [Jose Miguel CORRALES Bolanos]; Social Christian UnityParty or PUSC [Luis FISHMAN Zonzinski]; Union for Change Party orUPC [Antonio ALVAREZ Desanti]; United Leftist Coalition or IU[Humberto VARGAS Carbonel]
Cote d'IvoireCitizen's Democratic Union or UDCY [Theodore MEL EG];Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire or PDCI [Henri Konan BEDIE];Ivorian Popular Front or FPI [Pascale Affi N'GUESSAN]; IvorianWorker's Party or PIT [Francis WODIE]; Opposition Movement of theFuture or MFA [Innocent Augustin ANAKY]; Rally of the Republicans orRDR [Alassane OUATTARA]; Union for Democracy and Peace in Coted'Ivoire or UDPCI [Toikeuse MABRI]; over 144 smaller registeredparties
CroatiaCroatian Democratic Congress of Slavonia and Baranja orHDSSB [Vladimir SISLJAGIC]; Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [IvoSANADER]; Croatian Party of the Right or HSP [Anto DJAPIC]; CroatianPeasant Party or HSS [Josip FRISCIC]; Croatian Pensioner Party orHSU [Vladimir JORDAN]; Croatian People's Party or HNS [Vesna PUSIC];Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Djurdja ADLESIC]; IndependentDemocratic Serb Party or SDSS [Vojislav STANIMIROVIC]; IstrianDemocratic Assembly or IDS [Ivan JAKOVCIC]; Social Democratic Partyof Croatia or SDP [Zoran MILANOVIC]
CubaCuban Communist Party or PCC [Fidel CASTRO Ruz, first secretary]
Cyprusarea under government control: Democratic Party or DIKO[Marios KAROYIAN]; Democratic Rally or DISY [Nikos ANASTASIADHIS];European Democracy or EURO.DI [Prodromos PRODROMOU] (evolved fromFor Europe which merged with New Horizons); European Party orEURO.KO [Demetris SYLLOURIS]; Fighting Democratic Movement or ADIK[Dinos MIKHAILIDIS]; Green Party of Cyprus [George PERDIKIS];Movement for Social Democrats or EDEK [Yannakis OMIROU]; PoliticalMovement of Hunters [Michalis PAFITANIS]; Progressive Party of theWorking People or AKEL (Communist Party) [Dimitris CHRISTOFIAS];United Democrats or EDI [Michalis PAPAPETROU]area administered by Turkish Cypriots: Communal Liberation Party orTKP [Huseyin ANGOLEMLI]; Cyprus Socialist Party or KSP [KazimONGEN]; Democratic Party or DP [Serder DENKTASH]; Freedom and ReformParty or OP [Turgay AVCI]; National Unity Party or UBP [TahsinERTUGRULOGLU]; Nationalist Justice Party or MAP [Ata TEPE]; NewParty or YP [Huseyin TURAN]; Our Party or BP [Okyay SADIKOGLU];Patriotic Unity Movement or YBH [Oguz OZEN]; Peace and DemocraticMovement or BDH [Mustafa AKINCI]; Renewal Progress Party or YAP[Ertugrul HASIPOGLU]; Republican Turkish Party or CTP [Ferdi SabitSOYER]; United Cyprus Party or BKP [Isset IZCAN]
Czech RepublicAssociation of Independent Candidates-EuropeanDemocrats or SNK-ED [Helmut DOHNALEK]; Christian DemocraticUnion-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL [Jiri CUNEK]; CivicDemocratic Party or ODS [Mirek TOPOLANEK]; Communist Party ofBohemia and Moravia or KSCM [Vojtech FILIP]; Czech Social DemocraticParty or CSSD [Jiri PAROUBEK]; Union of Freedom-Democratic Union orUS-DEU [Jan CERNY]; Green Party [Martin BURSIK]; IndependentDemocrats (NEZDEM) [Vladimir ZELEZNY]; Party of Open Society (SOS)[Pavel NOVACEK]; Path of Change [Jiri LOBKOWITZ]
DenmarkChristian Democrats [Bjarne Hartung KIRKEGAARD] (wasChristian People's Party); Conservative Party [Bendt BENDTSEN](sometimes known as Conservative People's Party); Danish People'sParty [Pia KJAERSGAARD]; Liberal Party [Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN]; NewAlliance [Naser KHADER]; Red-Green Unity List (Alliance) [collectiveleadership] (bloc includes Left Socialist Party, Communist Party ofDenmark, Socialist Workers' Party); Social Democratic Party [HelleTHORNING-SCHMIDT]; Social Liberal Party [Margrethe VESTAGER];Socialist People's Party [Villy SOEVNDAL]
DjiboutiDemocratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh];Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; DjiboutiDevelopment Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]; Front pour laRestauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD];People's Progress Assembly or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governingparty); Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Moumin BahdonFARAH]; Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD; Union for aPresidential Majority or UMP (a coalition of parties including RPP,FRUD, PND, and PPSD); Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ
DominicaDominica Freedom Party or DFP [Charles SAVARIN]; DominicaLabor Party or DLP [Roosevelt SKERRIT]; Dominica United WorkersParty or UWP [Earl WILLIAMS]
Dominican RepublicDominican Liberation Party or PLD [LeonelFERNANDEZ Reyna]; Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [RamonALBURQUERQUE]; National Progressive Front [Vincent CASTILLO,Pelegrin CASTILLO]; Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC[Enrique ANTUN]
EcuadorAlianza PAIS Movement [Rafael Vicente CORREA Delgado];Christian Democratic Union or UDC [Diego ORDONEZ Guerrero];Democratic Left or ID [Andres PAEZ Benalcazar]; Ethical andDemocratic Network or RED [Leon ROLDOS]; Institutional Renewal andNational Action Party or PRIAN [Alvaro NOBOA]; PachakutikPlurinational Unity Movement - New Country or MUPP-NP [JorgeGUAMAN]; Patriotic Society Party or PSP [Lucio GUTIERREZ Borbua];Popular Democratic Movement or MPD [Ciro GUZMAN Aldaz]; RoldosistParty or PRE [Abdala BUCARAM Ortiz, director]; Social ChristianParty or PSC [Pascual DEL CIOPPO]; Socialist Party - Broad Front orPS-FA [Gustavo AYALA Cruz]
EgyptNational Democratic Party or NDP (governing party) [MohamedHosni MUBARAK]; National Progressive Unionist Grouping or Tagammu[Rifaat EL-SAID]; New Wafd Party or NWP [Mahmoud ABAZA]; TomorrowParty [Moussa Mustafa MOUSSA]note: formation of political parties must be approved by thegovernment; only parties with representation in elected bodies arelisted
El SalvadorChristian Democratic Party or PDC [Rodolfo PARKER];Democratic Convergence or CD [Ruben ZAMORA] (formerly UnitedDemocratic Center or CDU); Farabundo Marti National Liberation Frontor FMLN [Medardo GONZALEZ]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [CiroCRUZ ZEPEDA]; National Republican Alliance or ARENA [Elias AntonioSACA Gonzalez]; Popular Social Christian Party or PPSC [ReneAGUILUZ]; Revolutionary Democratic Front or FDR [Julio CesarHERNANDEZ Carcamo]
Equatorial GuineaConvergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS[Placido MICO Abogo]; Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE(ruling party) [Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO]; Party for Progressof Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [Severo MOTO]; Popular Action ofEquatorial Guinea or APGE [Avelino MOCACHE]; Popular Union or UP
EritreaPeople's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ [ISAIASAfworki] (the only party recognized by the government); note - aNational Assembly committee drafted a law on political parties inJanuary 2001, but the full National Assembly has yet to debate orvote on it
EstoniaCenter Party of Estonia (Keskerakond) [Edgar SAVISAAR];Estonian Greens (Rohelised) [Marek STRANDBERG]; Estonian People'sUnion (Rahvaliit) [Villu REILJAN]; Estonian Reform Party(Reformierakond) [Andrus ANSIP]; Estonian United Russian People'sParty or EUVRP [Yevgeniy TOMBERG]; Social Democratic Party (formerlyPeople's Party Moodukad or Moderates) [Ivari PADAR]; Union of ProPatria and Res Publica (Isamaa je Res Publica Liit) [Mart LAAR]
EthiopiaAfar National Democratic Party or ANDP; Benishangul GumuzPeople's Democratic Unity Front or BGPDUF [Mulualem BESSE];Coalition for Unity and Democratic Party or CUDP [AYELE Chamisso](awarded to AYELE by the National Electoral Board on 11 January2008, but AYELE has virtually no support among former CUD MPs, otherCUD MPs must now be affiliated with their original CUD-precursorparties); Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front or EPRDF[MELES Zenawi] (an alliance of Amhara National Democratic Movementor ANDM, Oromo People's Democratic Organization or OPDO, the SouthEthiopian People's Democratic Front or SEPDF, and Tigrayan Peoples'Liberation Front or TPLF); Gurage Nationalities' Democratic Movementor GNDM; Oromo Federalist Democratic Movement or OFDM [BULCHADemeksa]; Omoro People's Congress or OPC [IMERERA Gudina]; SomaliPeople's Democratic Party or SPDP; United Ethiopian DemocraticForces or UEDF [BEYENE Petros]
European UnionConfederal Group of the European United Left-NordicGreen Left or EUL/NGL [Francis WURTZ]; European People'sParty-European Democrats or EPP-ED [Joseph DAUL]; Group of theAlliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe or ALDE [Graham R.WATSON]; Group of Greens/European Free Alliance or Greens/EFA[Monica FRASSONI and Daniel Marc COHN-BENDIT]; Identity, Tradition,Sovereignty Group or ITS [Bruno GOLLNISCH]; Independence/DemocracyGroup or IND/DEM [Jens-Peter BONDE and Nigel FARAGE]; SocialistGroup in the European Parliament or PES [Martin SCHULZ]; Union forEurope of the Nations Group or UEN [Brian CROWLEY and CristianaMUSCARDINI]
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)none; all independents
Faroe IslandsCenter Party [Jenis A. RANA]; Independence Party [KariP. HOJGAARD]; People's Party [Jorgen NICLASEN]; Republican Party[Hogni HOYDAL]; Social Democratic Party [Joannes EIDESGAARD]; UnionParty [Kaj Leo JOHANNESEN]
FijiDodonu Ni Taukei Party or DNT [Fereti S. DEWA]; Fiji DemocraticParty or FDP [Filipe BOLE] (a merger of the Christian DemocratAlliance or VLV [Poesci Waqalevu BUNE], Fijian Association Party orFAP, Fijian Political Party or SVT (primarily Fijian) [SitiveniRABUKA], and New Labor Unity Party or NLUP [Ofa SWANN]); Fiji LaborParty or FLP [Mahendra CHAUDHRY]; General Voters Party or GVP(became part of United General Party); Girmit Heritage Party or GHP;Justice and Freedom Party or AIM; Lio 'On Famor Rotuma Party or LFR;National Federation Party or NFP (primarily Indian) [Pramond RAE];Nationalist Vanua Takolavo Party or NVTLP [Saula TELAWA]; Party ofNational Unity or PANU [Ponipate LESAVUA]; Party of the Truth orPOTT; United Fiji Party/Sogosogo Duavata ni Lewenivanua or SDL[Laisenia QARASE]; United Peoples Party or UPP [Millis Mick BEDDOES]
FinlandCenter Party or Kesk [Matti VANHANEN]; Christian Democratsor KD [Paivi RASANEN]; Green Party or VIHR [Tarja CRONBERG]; LeftAlliance or VAS [Martti KORHONEN] (composed of People's DemocraticLeague and Democratic Alternative); National Coalition(conservative) Party or Kok [Jyrki KATAINEN]; Social DemocraticParty or SDP [Eero HEINALUOMA]; Swedish People's Party or SFP[Stefan WALLIN]; True Finns [Timo SOINI]
FranceDemocratic Movement or MoDem [Francois BAYROU] (previouslyUnion for French Democracy or UDF); Democratic and Social EuropeanRally or RDSE [Pierre LAFFITTE] (mainly Radical Republican andSocialist Parties, and PRG); French Communist Party or PCF[Marie-George BUFFET]; Greens [Cecile DUFLOT]; Left Radical Party orPRG [Jean-Michel BAYLET] (previously Radical Socialist Party or PRSand the Left Radical Movement or MRG); Movement for France or MPF[Philippe DE VILLIERS]; National Front or FN [Jean-Marie LE PEN];New Center or NC [Herve MORIN]; Rally for France or RPF [CharlesPASQUA]; Republican and Citizen Movement or MRC [Jean PierreCHEVENEMENT and Georges SARRE]; Socialist Party or PS [FrancoisHOLLANDE]; Union for a Popular Movement or UMP [Patrick DEVEDJIAN,Jean-Claude GAUDIN, Jean-Pierre RAFFARIN, Pierre MEHAIGNERIE];Radical Party [Jean-Louis BORLOO]
French PolynesiaAlliance for a New Democracy or ADN [Nicole BOUTEAUand Philip SCHYLE](includes the parties The New Star and ThisCountry is Yours); Independent Front for the Liberation of Polynesia(Tavini Huiraatira) [Oscar TEMARU]; New Fatherland Party (Ai'a Api)[Emile VERNAUDON]; Our Home alliance; People's Rally for theRepublic of Polynesia or RPR (Tahoeraa Huiraatira) [Gaston FLOSSE];Union for Democracy alliance or UPD [Oscar TEMARU]
GabonCircle of Liberal Reformers or CLR [General Jean BonifaceASSELE]; Congress for Democracy and Justice or CDJ [Jules AristideBourdes OGOULIGUENDE]; Democratic and Republican Alliance or ADERE[Divungui-di-Ndinge DIDJOB]; Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG(former sole party) [Simplice Nguedet MANZELA]; Gabonese Party forProgress or PGP [Benoit Mouity NZAMBA]; Gabonese Union for Democracyand Development or UGDD [Zacherie MYBOTO]; National Rally ofWoodcutters or RNB; National Rally of Woodcutters-Rally for Gabon orRNB-RPG (Bucherons) [Fr. Paul M'BA-ABESSOLE]; Party of Developmentand Social Solidarity or PDS [Seraphin Ndoat REMBOGO]; People'sUnity Party or PUP [Louis Gaston MAYILA]; Social Democratic Party orPSD [Pierre Claver MAGANGA-MOUSSAVOU]; Union for Democracy andSocial Integration or UDIS; Union of Gabonese Patriots or UPG[Pierre MAMBOUNDOU]
Gambia, TheAlliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction orAPRC (the ruling party) [Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH]; Gambia People'sDemocratic Party or GPDP [Henry GOMEZ]; National Alliance forDemocracy and Development or NADD [Halifa SALLAH]; NationalConvention Party or NCP [Sheriff DIBBA]; National ReconciliationParty or NRP [Hamat N. K. BAH]; People's Democratic Organization forIndependence and Socialism or PDOIS [Sidia JATTA]; United DemocraticParty or UDP [Ousainou DARBOE]
GeorgiaBurjanadze-Democrats [Nino BURJANADZE]; Georgian People'sFront [Nodar NATADZE]; Georgian United Communist Party or UCPG[Panteleimon GIORGADZE]; Georgia's Way Party [Salome ZOURABICHVILI];Greens [Giorgi GACHECHILADZE]; Industry Will Save Georgia(Industrialists) or IWSG [Georgi TOPADZE]; Labor Party [ShalvaNATELASHVILI]; National Council-New Rights (a bloc uniting anine-party alliance with New Rights); National Democratic Party orNDP [Bachuki KARDAVA]; National Movement-Democratic Front [MikheilSAAKASHVILI] (bloc composed of National Movement andBurjanadze-Democrats); National Movement [Mikheil SAAKASHVILI]; NewRights [David GAMKRELIDZE]; Republican Party [David USUPASHVILI];Socialist Party or SPG [Irakli MINDELI]; Traditionalists [AkakiASATIANI]; Union of National Forces-Conservatives [Koba DAVITASHVILIand Zviad DZIDZIGURI]
GermanyAlliance '90/Greens [Claudia ROTH and Cem OEZDEMIR];Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Angela MERKEL]; Christian SocialUnion or CSU [Horst SEEHOFER]; Free Democratic Party or FDP [GuidoWESTERWELLE]; Left Party or Die Linke [Lothar BISKY and OskarLAFONTAINE]; Social Democratic Party or SPD [Franz MUENTEFERING]
GhanaConvention People's Party or CPP [Ladi NYLANDER]; DemocraticFreedom Party or DFP [Alhaji Abudu Rahman ISSAKAH]; Every GhanaianLiving Everywhere or EGLE; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP[Dan LARTEY]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. KwabenaADJEI]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Peter MAC-MANU]; People'sNational Convention or PNC [Alhaji Amed RAMADAN]; Reform Party[Kyeretwie OPUKU]; United Renaissance Party or URP [Charles WAYO]
GibraltarGibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar SocialDemocrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party orGSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]
GreeceCoalition of the Left and Progress (Synaspismos) [AlekosALAVANOS]; Communist Party of Greece or KKE [Aleka PAPARIGA]; NewDemocracy or ND (conservative) [Konstandinos KARAMANLIS];Panhellenic Socialist Movement or PASOK [Yiorgos PAPANDREOU];Popular Orthodox Rally or LAOS [Yeoryios KARATZAFERIS]
GreenlandAtassut Party (Solidarity) [Finn KARLSEN] (a conservativeparty favoring continuing close relations with Denmark); Demokratiit[Per BERTHELSEN]; Inuit Ataqatigiit or IA (Eskimo Brotherhood)[Josef MOTZFELDT] (a leftist party favoring complete independencefrom Denmark rather than home rule); Kattusseqatigiit (CandidateList) (an independent right-of-center party with no officialplatform); Siumut (Forward Party) [Hans ENOKSEN] (a socialdemocratic party advocating more distinct Greenlandic identity andgreater autonomy from Denmark)
GrenadaGrenada United Labor Party or GULP [Gloria Payne BANFIELD];National Democratic Congress or NDC [Tillman THOMAS]; New NationalParty or NNP [Keith MITCHELL]
GuamDemocratic Party [leader Michael PHILLIPS]; Republican Party[Philip J. FLORES] (controls the legislature)
GuatemalaCenter of Social Action or CASA [Eduardo SUGER]; DemocracyFront or FRENTE [Alfonso CABRERA]; Democratic Union or UD [ManuelCONDE Orellana]; Encounter for Guatemala or EG [Nineth MONTENGRO];Grand National Alliance or GANA [Alfredo VILLA]; Guatemalan NationalRevolutionary Unity or URNG [Hector NUILA]; Guatemalan RepublicanFront or FRG [Efrain RIOS Montt]; National Advancement Party or PAN[Ruben Dario MORALES]; National Unity for Hope or UNE [Alvaro COLOMCaballeros]; Patriot Party or PP [Ret. Gen. Otto PEREZ Molina];Unionista Party or PU [Fritz GARCIA]; Unity of National Change orUCN [Sidney SHAW]
Guernseynone; all independents
GuineaNational Union for Progress or UPN [Mamadou Bhoye BARRY];Party for Unity and Progress or PUP (the governing party) [LansanaCONTE]; People's Party of Guinea or PPG [Charles Pascal TOLNO];Rally for the Guinean People or RPG [Alpha CONDE]; Union ofDemocratic Forces of Guinea or UFDG [Cellou Dalein DIALLO]; Union ofRepublican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE]; Union for Progress of Guineaor UPG [Jean-Marie DORE, secretary-general]; Union for Progress andRenewal or UPR [Ousmane BAH]
Guinea-BissauAfrican Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissauand Cape Verde or PAIGC [Carlos GOMES Junior]; Party for SocialRenewal or PRS [Kumba YALA]; Democratic Social Front or FDS;Electoral Union or UE; Guinea-Bissau Civic Forum/Social Democracy orFCGSD [Antonieta Rosa GOMES]; Guinea-Bissau Democratic Party or PDG;Guinea-Bissau Socialist Democratic Party or PDSG [Serifo BALDE];Labor and Solidarity Party or PST [Iancuba INDJAI]; Party forDemocratic Convergence or PCD [Victor MANDINGA]; Party for Renewaland Progress or PRP; Progress Party or PP [Ibrahima SOW]; Union forChange or UM [Amine SAAD]; Union of Guinean Patriots or UPG[Francisca VAZ]; United Platform or UP (coalition formed by PCD,FDS, FLING, and RGB-MB); United Popular Alliance or APU; UnitedSocial Democratic Party or PUSD
GuyanaAlliance for Change or AFC [Raphael TROTMAN and KhemrajRAMJATTAN]; Guyana Action Party or GAP [Paul HARDY]; Justice for AllParty [C.N. SHARMA]; People's National Congress/Reform or PNC/R[Robert Herman Orlando CORBIN]; People's Progressive Party/Civic orPPP/C [Bharrat JAGDEO]; Rise, Organize, and Rebuild or ROAR [RaviDEV]; The United Force or TUF [Manzoor NADIR]; The Unity Party [JoeyJAGAN]; Vision Guyana [Peter RAMSAROOP]; Working People's Allianceor WPA [Rupert ROOPNARAINE]
HaitiArtibonite in Action or LAAA [Youri LATORTUE]; Assembly ofProgressive National Democrats or RDNP [Leslie MANIGAT]; Conventionfor Democratic Unity or KID [Evans PAUL]; Cooperative Action toBuild Haiti or KONBA [Evans LESCOUFALIR]; Democratic Alliance orALYANS [Evans PAUL] (coalition composed of KID and PPRH); Effort andSolidarity to Create an Alternative for the People or ESKAMP [JosephJASME]; For Us All or PONT [Jean-Marie CHERESTAL]; Front for Hope orL'ESPWA [Rene PREVAL] (alliance of ESKAMP, PLB, and grass-rootsorganizations Grand-Anse Resistance Committee, the Central PlateauPeasants' Group, and Kombit Sudest); Haitian Christian DemocraticParty or PDCH [Osner FEVRY and Marie-Denise CLAUDE]; HaitianDemocratic and Reform Movement or MODEREH [Dany TOUSSAINT and PierreSoncon PRINCE]; Heads Together or Tet-Ansanm [Dr. Gerard BLOT];Independent Movement for National Reconciliation or MIRN [LucFLEURINORD]; Justice for Peace and National Development or JPDN[Rigaud DUPLAN]; Fanmi Lavalas or FL [Rudy HERIVEAUX]; Liberal Partyof Haiti or PLH [Gehy MICHEL]; Merging of Haitian Social DemocraticParties or FUSION or FPSDH [Serge GILLES] (coalition of AyitiCapable, Haitian National Revolutionary Party, and National Congressof Democratic Movements); Mobilization for Haiti's Development orMPH [Samir MOURRA]; Mobilization for National Development or MDN[Hubert de RONCERAY]; Movement for National Reconstruction or MRN[Jean Henold BUTEAU]; Movement for the Installation of Democracy inHaiti or MIDH [Marc BAZIN]; National Christian Union for theReconstruction of Haiti or UNCRH [Marie Claude GERMAIN]; NationalFront for the Reconstruction of Haiti or FRN [Guy PHILIPPE]; NewChristian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]; Openthe Gate Party or PLB [Anes LUBIN]; Popular Party for the Renewal ofHaiti or PPRH [Claude ROMAIN]; Struggling People's Organization orOPL [Edgard LEBLANC]; Union of Nationalist and Progressive Haitiansor UNITE [Edouard FRANCISQUE]
Holy See (Vatican City)none
HondurasChristian Democratic Party or PDC [Felicito AVILA];Democratic Unification Party or PUD [Cesar HAM]; Liberal Party or PL[Patricia RODAS]; National Innovation and Unity Party or PINU [JorgeAQUILAR Paredes]; National Party of Honduras or PN [Porfirio LOBO]
Hong KongAssociation for Democracy and People's Livelihood or ADPL[Frederick FUNG Kin-kee]; Citizens Party [Alex CHAN Kai-chung];Civic Party [KUAN Hsin-chi]; Democratic Alliance for the Bettermentand Progress of Hong Kong or DAB [TAM Yiu Cheng]; Democratic Party[Albert HO]; Frontier Party [Emily LAU Wai-hing]; League of SocialDemocrats [Raymond WONG]; Liberal Party [James TIEN Pei-chun]note: political blocs include: pro-democracy - ADPL, DemocraticParty, Frontier Party, League of Social Democrats; pro-Beijing -DAB, Liberal Party, The Alliance (a group of five generallypro-government and pro-business Legco members from functionalconstituencies); there is no political party ordinance, so there areno registered political parties; politically active groups registeras societies or companies
HungaryAlliance of Free Democrats or SzDSz [Gabor FODOR]; ChristianDemocratic People's Party or KDNP [Zsolt SEMJEN]; Hungarian CivicAlliance or Fidesz [Viktor ORBAN, chairman]; Hungarian DemocraticForum or MDF [Ibolya DAVID]; Hungarian Socialist Party or MSzP[Ferenc GYURCSANY]
IcelandIndependence Party or IP [Geir H. HAARDE]; Left-GreenMovement or LGM [Steingrimur SIGFUSSON]; Liberal Party or LP [GudjonKRISTJANSSON]; Progressive Party or PP [Gudni AGUSTSSON]; SocialDemocratic Alliance or SDA [Ingibjorg Solrun GISLADOTTIR] (includesPeople's Alliance or PA, Social Democratic Party or SDP, Women'sList)
IndiaBahujan Samaj Party or BSP [MAYAWATI]; Bharatiya Janata Partyor BJP [Rajnath SINGH]; Biju Janata Dal or BJD [Naveen PATNAIK];Communist Party of India or CPI [Ardhendu Bhushan BARDHAN];Communist Party of India-Marxist or CPI-M [Prakash KARAT]; DravidaMunnetra Kazagham or DMK [M. KARUNANIDHI]; Indian National Congressor INC [Sonia GANDHI]; Janata Dal (United) or JD(U) [Sharad YADAV];Jharkhand Mukti Morcha or JMM [Shibu SOREN]; Left Front (an allianceof Indian leftist parties); Lok Jan Shakti Party or LJSP [Ram VilasPASWAN]; Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or MDMK [V.Gopalswamy VAIKO]; Nationalist Congress Party or NCP [Sharad PAWAR];Pattali Makkal Katchi or PMK [S. RAMADOSS]; Rashtriya Janata Dal orRJD [Laloo Prasad YADAV]; Samajwadi Party or SP [Mulayam SinghYADAV]; Shiromani Akali Dal or SAD [Parkash Singh BADAL]; Shiv Senaor SS [Bal THACKERAY]; Telangana Rashtriya Samithi or TRS [K.Chandrashekhar RAO]; Telugu Desam Party or TDP [Chandrababu NAIDU];United Progressive Alliance or UPA [Sonia GANDHI] (India's rulingparty coalition of 12 political parties); note - India has dozens ofnational and regional political parties; only parties or coalitionswith four or more seats in the People's Assembly are listed
IndonesiaCrescent Moon and Star Party or PBB [MS KABAN]; DemocraticParty or PD [Hadi UTOMO]; Functional Groups Party or Golkar [YusufKALLA]; Indonesia Democratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P [MEGAWATISukarnoputri]; National Awakening Party or PKB; National MandateParty or PAN [Sutrisno BACHIR]; Prosperous Justice Party or PKS[Tifatul SEMBIRING]; United Development Party or PPP [SuryadharmaALI]
Iranformal political parties are a relatively new phenomenon inIran and most conservatives still prefer to work through politicalpressure groups rather than parties, and often political parties orcoalitions are formed prior to elections and disbanded soonthereafter; a loose pro-reform coalition called the 2nd KhordadFront, which includes political parties as well as less formalgroups and organizations, achieved considerable success at electionsto the sixth Majles in early 2000; groups in the coalition include:Islamic Iran Participation Front (IIPF), Executives of ConstructionParty (Kargozaran), Solidarity Party, Islamic Labor Party, MardomSalari, Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization (MIRO), andMilitant Clerics Society (Ruhaniyun); the coalition participated inthe seventh Majles elections in early 2004; following his defeat inthe 2005 presidential elections, former MCS Secretary General andsixth Majles Speaker Mehdi KARUBI formed the National Trust Party; anew conservative group, Islamic Iran Developers Coalition(Abadgaran), took a leading position in the new Majles after winninga majority of the seats in February 2004; following the 2004 Majleselections, traditional and hardline conservatives have attempted toclose ranks under the United Front of Principlists; the IIPF hasrepeatedly complained that the overwhelming majority of itscandidates have been unfairly disqualified from the 2008 elections
IraqAssyrian Democratic Movement [Yunadim KANNA]; Badr Organization[Hadi al-AMIRI]; Constitutional Monarchy Movement or CMM [Sharif AliBin al-HUSAYN]; Da'wa al-Islamiya Party [Ibrahim al-JA'FARI];General Conference of Iraqi People [Adnan al-DULAYMI]; IndependentIraqi Alliance or IIA [Falah al-NAQIB]; Iraqi Communist Party [HamidMAJEED]; Iraqi Front for National Dialogue [Salih al-MUTLAQ]; IraqiHizballah [Karim Mahmud al-MUHAMMADAWI]; Iraqi Independent Democratsor IID [Adnan PACHACHI, Mahdi al-HAFIZ]; Iraqi Islamic Party or IIP[Tariq al-HASHIMI]; Iraqi National Accord or INA [Ayad ALLAWI];Iraqi National Congress or INC [Ahmad CHALABI]; Iraqi NationalCouncil for Dialogue or INCD [Khalaf Ulayan al-Khalifawial-DULAYMI]; Iraqi National Unity Movement or INUM [Ahmadal-KUBAYSI]; Islamic Action Organization or IAO [Ayatollah Muhammadal-MUDARRISI]; Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq or ISCI [Abd al-Azizal-HAKIM]; Jama'at al Fadilah or JAF [Muhammad Ali al-YAQUBI];Kurdistan Democratic Party or KDP [Masud BARZANI]; Kurdistan IslamicUnion [Salah ad-Din Muhammad BAHA al-DIN]; National Reconciliationand Liberation Party [Mishan al-JABBURI]; Patriotic Union ofKurdistan or PUK [Jalal TALABANI]; Sadrist Trend [Muqtada al-SADR](not an organized political party, but it fields independentcandidates affiliated with Muqtada al-SADR); Sahawa al-Iraq [Ahmedal-RISHAWI]note: the Kurdistan Alliance, Iraqi National List, Tawafuq Front,Iraqi Front for National Dialogue, and Unified Iraqi Alliance wereonly electoral slates consisting of the representatives from thevarious Iraqi political parties
IrelandFianna Fail [Brian COWEN]; Fine Gael [Enda KENNY]; GreenParty [John GORMLEY]; Labor Party [Eamon GILMORE]; ProgressiveDemocrats [Mary HARNEY, acting leader]; Sinn Fein [Gerry ADAMS];Socialist Party [Joe HIGGINS]; The Workers' Party [Sean GARLAND]
Isle of ManAlliance for Progressive Government; Liberal VanninParty [Peter KARRAN]; Man Labor Party; Man Nationalist Party (MecVannin) [Bernard MOFFATT]note: most members sit as independents
IsraelBalad [Azmi BISHARA]; Democratic Front for Peace and Equality(HADASH) [Muhammad BARAKEH]; GIL (Pensioners) [Rafael "Rafi" EITAN];Kadima [Tzipora "Tzipi" LIVNI]; Labor Party [Ehud BARAK]; Likud[Binyamin NETANYAHU]; Meretz-Yachad [Haim ORON]; National DemocraticAssembly (Balad) [Jamal ZAHALKA]; National Union (NU)/NationalReligious Party (NRP) [Binyamin ELON]; SHAS [Eliyahu YISHAI]; Torahand Shabbat Judaism or UTJ [Yaakov LITZMAN]; United Arab List[Ibrahim SARSUR]; Yisrael Beiteinu [Avigdor LIEBERMAN]
ItalySilvio BERLUSCONI coalition: People of Freedom or PdL [SilvioBERLUSCONI]; Lega Nord or LN [Umberto BOSSI]; Movement for Autonomyor MpA [Raffaele LOMBARDO]Walter VELTRONI coalition: Democratic Party or PD [Walter VELTRONI];Italy of Values or IdV [Antonio DI PIETRO]other non-allied parties: Union of the Centre or UdC [SavinoPEZZOTTA]
JamaicaJamaica Labor Party or JLP [Bruce GOLDING]; People'sNational Party or PNP [Portia SIMPSON-MILLER]; National DemocraticMovement or NDM [Michael WILLIAMS]
JapanDemocratic Party of Japan or DPJ [Ichiro OZAWA]; JapanCommunist Party or JCP [Kazuo SHII]; Komeito [Akihiro OTA]; LiberalDemocratic Party or LDP [Taro ASO]; Social Democratic Party or SDP[Mizuho FUKUSHIMA]
Jerseytwo declared parties: Centre Party; Jersey Democratic Alliancenote: all senators and deputies elected in 2005 were independents
Jordanal-Ahd Party; Arab Islamic Democratic Movement [Yusuf ABUBAKR]; Arab Land Party [Dr. Ayishah Salih HIJAZAYN]; Arab SocialistBa'th Party [Taysir al-HIMSI]; Ba'th Arab Progressive Party [Fu'adDABBUR]; Freedom Party; Future Party; Islamic Action Front or IAF[Zaki Sa'ed BANI IRSHEID]; Islamic Center Party [Marwan al-FAURI];Jordanian Arab Ansar Party; Jordanian Arab New Dawn Party; JordanianArab Party; Jordanian Citizens' Rights Movement; Jordanian CommunistParty [Munir HAMARINAH]; Jordanian Communist Workers Party;Jordanian Democratic Left Party [Musa MA'AYTEH]; JordanianDemocratic Popular Unity Party [Sa'id Dhiyab Ali MUSTAFA]; JordanianGenerations Party [Muhammad KHALAYLEH]; Jordanian Green Party[Muhammad BATAYNEH]; Jordanian Labor Party [Dr. Mazin SulaymanJiryis HANNA]; Jordanian Peace Party; Jordanian People's CommitteesMovement; Jordanian People's Democratic Party (Hashd) [Ahmad YUSUF];Jordanian Rafah Party; Jordanian Renaissance Party; Mission Party;Nation Party [Ahmad al-HANANDEH]; National Action Party (Haqq)[Tariq al-KAYYALI]; National Constitutional Party [Abdul HadiMAJALI]; National Popular Democratic Movement [Mahmud al-NUWAYHI];Progressive Party [Fawwaz al-ZUBI]
KazakhstanAdilet (Justice) [Maksut NARIKBAYEV, ZeynullaALSHIMBAYEV, Bakhytbek AKHMETZHAN, Yerkin ONGARBAYEV, ToleganSYDYKOV] (formerly Democratic Party of Kazakhstan); Agrarian andIndustrial Union of Workers Block or AIST (Agrarian Party and CivicParty); Ak Zhol Party (Bright Path) [Alikhan BAIMENOV]; Auyl(Village) [Gani KALIYEV]; Communist Party of Kazakhstan or KPK[Serikbolsyn ABDILDIN]; Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan[Vladislav KOSAREV]; National Social Democratic Party(NSDP)[Zharmakhan TUYAKBAY]; Nur-Otan [Bakhytzhan ZHUMAGULOV] (theAgrarian, Asar, and Civic parties merged with Otan); Patriots' Party[Gani KASYMOV]; Rukhaniyat (Spirituality) [Altynshash ZHAGANOVA]
KenyaForum for the Restoration of Democracy-Kenya or FORD-Kenya[Musikari KOMBO]; Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-People orFORD-People [Simeon NYACHAE]; Kenya African National Union or KANU[Uhuru KENYATTA]; National Rainbow Coalition-Kenya or NARC-Kenya[Raphael TUJU]; Orange Democratic Movement or ODM [Raila ODINGA];Orange Democratic Movement-Kenya or ODM-K [Kalonzo MUSYOKA]; Partyof National Unity or PNU [Mwai KIBAKI]; Shirikisho Party of Kenya orSPK [Chirau Ali MWAKWERE]
KiribatiBoutokaan Te Koaua Party or BTK [Taberannang TIMEON];Maneaban Te Mauri Party or MTM [Teburoro TITO]; Maurin Kiribati Patior MKP; National Progressive Party or NPP [Dr. Harry TONG]note: there is no tradition of formally organized political partiesin Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groupsbecause they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or partystructures
Korea, Northmajor party - Korean Workers' Party or KWP [KIM JongIl]; minor parties - Chondoist Chongu Party [RYU Mi Yong] (under KWPcontrol), Social Democratic Party [KIM Yong Dae] (under KWP control)
Korea, SouthCreative Korea Party or CKP [MOON Kook-hyun];Democratic Labor Party or DLP [CHUN Young-se]; Grand National Partyor GNP [PARK Hee-tae]; Liberty Forward Party or LFP [LEE Hoi-chang];Democratic Party or DP [CHUNG Sye-kyun] (formerly the UnitedDemocratic Party or UDP)
KosovoAlbanian Christian Democratic Party of Kosovo or PShDK [MarkKRASNIQI]; Alliance for the Future of Kosovo or AAK [RamushHARADINAJ]; Alliance of Independent Social Democrats of Kososvo andMetohija or SDSKIM [Slavisa PETKOVIC]; Autonomous Liberal Party ofSLS [Slobodan PETROVIC]; Bosniak Vakat Coalition [Dzezair MURATI];Citizens' Initiative of Gora or GIG [Murselj HALILI]; Council ofIndependent Social Democrats of Kosovo or SNSDKIM [Ljubisa ZIVIC];Democratic League of Dardania or LDD [Nexhat DACI]; DemocraticLeague of Kosovo or LDK [Fatmir SEJDIU]; Democratic Party of Ashkaliof Kosovo or PDAK [Sabit RAHMANI]; Democratic Party of Kosovo or PDK[Hashim THACI]; Kosovo Democratic Turkish Party of KDTP [MahirYAGCILAR]; New Democratic Initiative of Kosovo or IRDK [XhevdetNEZIRAJ]; New Democratic Party or ND [Branislav GRBIC]; New KosovoAlliance or AKR [Behxhet PACOLLI]; Popular Movement of Kosovo or LPK[Emrush XHEMAJLI]; Reform Party Ora; Serb National Party or SNS[Mihailo SCEPANOVIC]; Serbian Kosovo and Metohija Party or SKMS[Dragisa MIRIC]; United Roma Party of Kosovo or PREBK [Haxhi ZylfiMERXHA]; Democratic Action Party or SDA [Numan BALIC]; Serbian Listfor Kosovo and Metohija [Oliver IVANOVIC]; Serbian National Councilof Northern Kosovo and Metohija or SNV [Milan IVANOVIC]; DemocraticParty of Bosniaks [Dzezair MURAIT]; Democratic Party Vatan [SadikIDRIZI]; Gorani Citizens Initiative [Mursel HALJILJI]; SerbianPeople Party [Mihailo SCEPANOVIC]; Serbian Democratic Party ofKosovo and Metohija [Slavisa PETKOVIC]; Serb Liberal Party [SlobodanPETROVIC]; Independent League of Social-Democrats of Kosovo andMetohija [Ljubisa ZIVIC]
Kuwaitnone; formation of political parties is in practice illegalbut is not forbidden by law
KyrgyzstanAk Jol [Avtandil ARABAYEV, Elmira IBRAIMOVA, VladimirNIFADYEV, co-chairs]; Ar-Namys (Dignity) Party [Emil ALIYEV]; Asaba(Banner National Revival Party) [Azimbek BEKNAZAROV]; Ata-Meken(Fatherland) [Omurbek TEKEBAYEV]; Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstanor DDK [Viktor TCHETRNOMORETS]; Erkindik (Freedom) Party [TopchubekTURGUNALIYEV]; Moya Strana (My Country Party of Action) [MedetSADYRKULOV]; Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan or KCP [IshakMASALIYEV]; Party of Justice and Progress [Muratbek IMANALIEV];Party of Peasants [Esengul ISAKOV]; Republican Party of Labor andUnity [Tabaldy OROZALIYEV]; Sanjira (Tree of Life) [EdnanKARABAYEV]; Social Democratic Party [Almaz ATAMBAYEV]; Union ofDemocratic Forces [Kubatbek BAIBOLOV]
LaosLao People's Revolutionary Party or LPRP [CHOUMMALI Saignason];other parties proscribed
LatviaFirst Party of Latvia/Latvia's Way or LPP/LC [Ainars SLESERS,Ivars GODMANIS]; For Human Rights in a United Latvia or PCTVL[Jakovs PLINERS]; For the Fatherland and Freedom/Latvian NationalIndependence Movement or TB/LNNK [Roberts ZILE, Maris GRINBLATS];Harmony Center or SC [Janis URBANOVICS, Nils USAKOVS]; LatvianSocial Democratic Workers Party (Social Democrats) or LSDSP [JurisBOJARS]; Latvian Socialist Party or LSP [Alfreds RUBIKS]; NewDemocrats or JD [Maris GULBIS]; New Era Party or JL [Einars REPSE,Krisjanis KARINS]; People's Party or TP [Aigars KALVITIS]; The Unionof Latvian Greens and Farmers Party or ZZS [Augusts BRIGMANIS]
Lebanon14 March Coalition: Democratic Gathering Bloc [WalidJUNBLATT, leader of Progressive Socialist Party]; Democratic Left[Ilyas ATALLAH]; Democratic Renewal Movement [Nassib LAHUD]; FutureMovement Bloc [Sa'ad HARIRI]; Kataeb Party [Amine GEMAYEL]; LebaneseForces [Samir JA'JA]; Tripoli Independent Bloc8 March Coalition: Development and Resistance Bloc [Nabih BERRI,leader of Amal Movement]; Free Patriotic Movement [Michel AWN];Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc [Mohammad RA'AD] (includes HizballahParty [Hassan NASRALLAH]); Nasserite Popular Movement [Ussama SAAD];Popular Bloc [Elias SKAFF]; Syrian Ba'th Party [Sayez SHUKR]; SyrianSocial Nationalist Party [Ali QANSO]Independent: Metn Bloc [Michel MURR]; Tashnaq
LesothoAlliance of Congress Parties or ACP; All Basotho Conventionor ABC [Thomas THABANE]; Basotholand African Congress or BAC[Khauhelo RALITAPOLE]; Basotho Congress Party or BCP [NtsukunyaneMPHANYA]; Basotho National Party or BNP [Maj. Gen. Justin MetsingLEKHANYA]; Kopanang Basotho Party or KPB [Pheelo MOSALA]; LesothoCongress for Democracy or LCD (the governing party) [PakalithaMOSISILI]; Lesotho Education Party or LEP [Thabo PITSO]; LesothoWorkers Party or LWP [Macaefa BILLY]; Marematlou Freedom Party orMFP [Vincent MALEBO]; National Independent Party or NIP [AnthonyMANYELI]; New Lesotho Freedom Party or NLFP [Manapo MAJARA]; PopularFront for Democracy or PFD [Lekhetho RAKUOANE]; Sefate DemocraticUnion or SDU [Bofihla NKUEBE]; Social Democratic Party of SDP[Masitise SELESO]
LiberiaAlliance for Peace and Democracy or APD [Togba-na TIPOTEH];Coalition for the Transformation of Liberia or COTOL [H. VarneySHERMAN]; Congress for Democratic Change or CDC [George WEAH];Liberty Party or LP [Charles BRUMSKINE]; National Patriotic Party orNPP [Roland MASSAQUOI]; Unity Party or UP [Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF]
Libyanone
LiechtensteinPatriotic Union or VU [Adolf HEEB] (was FatherlandUnion); Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Marcus VOGT]; The FreeList or FL [Claudia HEEB-FLECK and Egon MATT]
LithuaniaCivil Democracy Party or PDP [Viktor MUNTIANAS]; Coalitionof Labor Party and Youth or KDP+J [Viktor USPASKICH]; ElectoralAction of Lithuanian Poles or LLRA [Valdemar TOMASZEVSKI]; HomelandUnion - Lithuanian Christian Democrats or TS [Andrius KUBILIUS];Lithuanian Peasant Popular Union or LVLS [Kazimiera PRUNSKIENE];Liberal and Center Union or LCS [Arturas ZUOKAS]; Liberal Movementor LRLS [Eligijus MASIULIS]; National Revival or TPP [ArunasVALINSKAS]; New Union (Social Liberal) or NS [Arturas PAULAUSKAS];Order and Justice Party or TT [Rolandas PAKSAS]; Social DemocraticParty or LSDP [Gediminas KIRKILAS]; Young Lithuania and NewNationalists [Stanislovas BUSKEVICIUS]
LuxembourgAlternative Democratic Reform Party or ADR [RobertMENLEN]; Christian Social People's Party or CSV [Francois BILTGEN](also known as Christian Social Party or PCS); Democratic Party orDP [Claude MEISCH]; Green Party [Francois BAUSCH]; LuxembourgSocialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Alex BODRY]; dei Lenk/la Gauche(the Left); other minor parties
MacauCivil Service Union [Jose Maria Pereira COUTINHO]; DevelopmentUnion [KWAN Tsui-hang]; Macau Development Alliance [Angela LEONGOn-kei]; Macau United Citizens' Association [CHAN Meng-kam]; NewDemocratic Macau Association [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong]; United Forcesnote: there is no political party ordinance, so there are noregistered political parties; politically active groups register associeties or companies
MacedoniaDemocratic Alliance [Pavle TRAJANOV]; Democratic League ofBosniaks [Rafet MUMINOVIC]; Democratic Party of Albanians orPDSh/DPA [Menduh THACI]; Democratic Party of Serbs [IvanSTOILJKOVIC]; Democratic Party of Turks [Kenan HASIPI]; DemocraticRenewal of Macedonia [Liljana POPOVSKA]; Democratic Union ofAlbanians or BDSh [BardYL MAHMUTI]; Democratic Union of Vlachs forMacedonia [Mitko KOSTOV]; Democratic Union for Integration orBDI/DUI [Ali AHMETI]; For a Better Macedonia coalition [NikolaGRUEVSKI] (includes VMRO-DPMNE, SP, Democratic Union, DemocraticRenewal of Macedonia, Democratic Party of Turks, Democratic Party ofSerbs, SR, and smaller parties); Internal Macedonian RevolutionaryOrganization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity orVMRO-DPMNE [Nikola GRUEVSKI]; Internal Macedonian RevolutionaryOrganization-People's Party or VMRO-Narodna [Gjorgji TRENDAFILOV];League for Democracy [Gjorgi MARJANOVIC]; Liberal Democratic Partyor LDP [Jovan MANSIEVSKI]; Liberal Party [Stojan ANDOV]; NationalAlternative [Harun ALIU]; National Democratic Union or BDK [HysniSHAQIR]; New Social Democratic Party or NSDP [Tito PETKOVSKI]; Partyfor Democratic Prosperity or PPD/PDP [Abduljhadi VEJSELI]; Party forEuropean Future or PEI [Fijat CANOSKI]; Party of Free Democrats orPSD [Ljubco JORDANOVSKI]; Social Democratic Alliance of Macedonia orSDSM [Zoran ZAEV (until May 2009)]; Socialist Party of Macedonia orSP [Ljubisav IVANOV-ZINGO]; Sun-Coalition for Europe [RadmilaSKERINSKA] (includes SDSM, NSDP, LDP, Liberal Party and smallerparties); Union of Romas or SR [Shaban SALIU]; United Party forEmancipation or OPE [Nezdet MUSTAFA]
MadagascarAssociation for the Rebirth of Madagascar or AREMA[Pierrot RAJAONARIVELO]; Democratic Party for Union in Madagascar orPSDUM [Jean LAHINIRIKO]; Economic Liberalism and Democratic Actionfor National Recovery or LEADER/Fanilo [Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO];Fihaonana Party or FP [Guy-Willy RAZANAMASY]; I Love Madagascar orTIM [Marc RAVALOMANANA]; Renewal of the Social Democratic Party orRPSD [Evariste MARSON]
MalawiAlliance for Democracy or AFORD; Congress for National Unityor CONU; Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [Bingu wa MUTHARIKA];Malawi Congress Party or MCP [John TEMBO]; Malawi Democratic Partyor MDP [Kampelo KALUA]; Malawi Forum for Unity and Development orMAFUNDE [George MNESA]; Mgwirizano Coalition or MC [GwandaguluweCHAKUAMBA] (coalition of MAFUNDE, MDP, MGODE, NUP, PETRA, PPM, RP);Movement for Genuine Democratic Change or MGODE [Sam Kandodo BANDA];National Democratic Alliance or NDA [Brown MPINGANJIRA]; NationalUnity Party or NUP [Harry CHIUME]; People's Progressive Movement orPPM [Aleke BANDA]; People's Transformation Movement or PETRA [KamuzuCHIBAMBO]; Republican Party or RP [Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA]; UnitedDemocratic Front or UDF [Bakili MULUZI]
MalaysiaNational Front (Barisan Nasional) or BN (ruling coalition)consists of the following parties: Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia Party orPGRM [KOH Tsu Koon - acting]; Liberal Democratic Party (PartiLiberal Demokratik - Sabah) or LDP [LIEW Vui Keong]; MalaysianChinese Association (Persatuan China Malaysia) or MCA [ONG Ka Ting];Malaysian Indian Congress (Kongres India Malaysia) or MIC [S. SamyVELLU]; Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah or PBRS [Joseph KURUP]; PartiBersatu Sabah or PBS [Joseph PAIRIN Kitingan]; Parti PesakaBumiputera Bersatu or PBB [Abdul TAIB Mahmud]; Parti Rakyat Sarawakor PRS [James MASING]; Sabah Progressive Party (Parti ProgresifSabah) or SAPP [YONG Teck Lee]; Sarawak United People's Party (PartiBersatu Rakyat Sarawak) or SUPP [George CHAN Hong Nam]; UnitedMalays National Organization or UMNO [ABDULLAH bin Ahmad Badawi];United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organization (PertubuhanPasko Momogun Kadazan Dusun Bersatu) or UPKO [Bernard DOMPOK];People's Progressive Party (Parti Progresif Penduduk Malaysia) orPPP [M.Kayveas]; Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party or SPDP[William MAWAN])People's Alliance (Pakatan Rakyat) or PR (opposition coalition)consists of the following parties:: Democratic Action Party (PartiTindakan Demokratik) or DAP [KARPAL Singh]; Islamic Party ofMalaysia (Parti Islam se Malaysia) or PAS [Abdul HADI Awang];People's Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat) or PKR [WAN AZIZAHWan Ismael]; Sarawak National Party or SNAP [Edwin DUNDANG]
MaldivesAdhaalath (Justice) Party or AP [Abdul Majeed Abdul BARI];Dhivehi Rayyithunge Party (Maldivian People's Party) or DRP [MaumoonAbdul GAYOOM]; Islamic Democratic Party or IDP [Omar NASEER];Maldivian Democratic Party or MDP [Mohamed NASHEED]; note -political parties were allowed to register in June 2005
MaliAlliance for Democratic Change (political group comprisedmainly of Tuareg from Mali's northern region); African Solidarityfor Democracy and Independence or SADI [Oumar MARIKO, secretarygeneral]; Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP (a coalition ofpolitical parties including ADEMA and URD formed in December 2006 tosupport the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE); Alliance forDemocracy or ADEMA [Diounconda TRAORE]; Convergence 2007 [SoumeylouBoubeye MAIGA]; Front for Democracy and the Republic or FDR (acoalition of political parties including RPM and PARENA formed tooppose the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE); NationalCongress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL]; Partyfor Democracy and Progress or PDP [Me Idrissa TRAORE]; Party forNational Renewal or PARENA [Tiebile DRAME]; Patriotic Movement forRenewal or MPR [Choguel MAIGA]; Rally for Democracy and Labor orRDT; Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA]; SudaneseUnion/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou Bamou TOURE];Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [Moussa Balla COULIBALY];Union for Republic and Democracy or URD [Soumaila CISSE]
MaltaAlternativa Demokratika/Alliance for Social Justice or AD[Harry VASSALLO]; Malta Labor Party or MLP [acting leader CharlesMANGION]; Nationalist Party or PN [Lawrence GONZI]
Marshall Islandstraditionally there have been no formally organizedpolitical parties; what has existed more closely resembles factionsor interest groups because they do not have party headquarters,formal platforms, or party structures; the following two "groupings"have competed in legislative balloting in recent years - Aelon KeinAd Party [Michael KABUA] and United Democratic Party or UDP [LitokwaTOMEING]
MauritaniaAlternative or El-Badil; Centrist Reformists (independentmoderate Islamists); Coalition for Forces for Democratic Change orCFCD (coalition of political parties including APP, CentristReformists (independent moderate Islamists), HATEM-PMUC, PUDS, RD,RFD, UFP); Democratic and Social Republican Party or PRDS;Democratic Renewal or RD; Mauritanian Party for Unity and Change orHATEM-PMUC; Mithaq (coalition of independents and parties associatedwith the former regime including Alternative or El-Badil, PRDR, UDP,RDU); National Rally for Freedom, Democracy and Equality or RNDLE;Popular Front or FP [Ch'bih Ould CHEIKH MALAININE]; PopularProgressive Alliance or APP [Messoud Ould BOULKHEIR]; Rally ofDemocratic Forces or RFD [Ahmed Ould DADDAH]; Rally for Democracyand Unity or RDU [Ahmed Ould SIDI BABA]; Republican Party forDemocracy and Renewal or PRDR [Boullah Ould MOGUEYA] (formerlyruling Democratic and Social Republican Party or PRDS); Socialistand Democratic Unity Party or PUDS; Union for Democracy and Progressor UDP [Naha Mint MOUKNASS]; Union of Democratic Centre or UCD;Union of the Forces for Progress or UFP
MauritiusAlliance Sociale or AS [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM] (governingcoalition - includes MLD, MMSM, MR, MSD, PMXD); Mauritian LaborParty or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian Militant Movementor MMM [Paul BERENGER]; Mauritian Socialist Militant Movement orMMSM [Madan DOLLOO]; Militant Socialist Movement or MSM [NandoBODHA]; Mouvement Republicain or MR [Jayarama VALAYDEN]; PartiMauricien Xavier Duval or PMXD [Xavier Luc DUVAL]; RodriguesMovement or MR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]; Rodrigues PeoplesOrganization or OPR [Serge CLAIR]
MayotteDemocratic Front or FD [Youssouf MOUSSA]; Mahoran PopularMovement or MPM [Ahmed MADI]; Federation of Mahorans or UMP-RPR[Mansour KAMARDINE]; Force of the Rally and the Alliance forDemocracy or FRAP; Movement for Department Status Mayotte or MDM[Mouhoutar SALIM]; Renewed Communist Party of Mayotte or MRC [OmarSIMBA]; Socialist Party or PS [Ibrahim ABUBACAR] (local branch ofFrench Parti Socialiste); Union for French Democracy or UDF [HenriJEAN-BAPTISTE]
MexicoConvergence for Democracy or CD [Luis MALDONADO Venegas];Institutional Revolutionary Party or PRI [Beatriz PAREDES]; LaborParty or PT [Alberto ANAYA Gutierrez]; Mexican Green EcologicalParty or PVEM [Jorge Emilio GONZALEZ Martinez]; National ActionParty (Partido Accion Nacional) or PAN [German MARTINEZ Cazares];New Alliance Party (Partido Nueva Alianza) or PNA [Jorge AntonioKAHWAGI Macari]; Party of the Democratic Revolution (Partido de laRevolucion Democratica) or PRD [Leonel COTA Montano]; SocialDemocratic and Peasant Alternative Party (Partido AlternativaSocialdemocrata y Campesina) or Alternativa [Alberto BEGNE Guerra]
Micronesia, Federated States ofno formal parties
MoldovaChristian Democratic People's Party or PPCD [Iurie ROSCA];Communist Party of the Republic of Moldova or PCRM [VladimirVORONIN]; Democratic Party or PD [Dumitru DIACOV]; LiberalDemocratic Party or PLDM [Vladmir FILAT]; National Liberal Party orPNL [Vitalia PAVLICENKO]; Our Moldova Alliance or AMN [SerafimURECHEAN]; Party for Social Democracy or PDSM [Dumitru BRAGHIS];Social Liberal Party or PSL [Oleg SEREBRIAN]
MonacoUnion for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for theFuture of Monaco or UNAM); Rally and Issues for Monaco or REM;Monaco Together
MongoliaDemocratic Party or DP [Norovyn ALTANHUYAG]; MongolianPeople's Revolutionary Party or MPRP [Sanji BAYAR]
MontenegroAlbanian Alternative or AA [Vesel SINISHTAJ]; Coalitionfor European Montenegro or DPS-SDP (bloc) [Milo DJUKANOVIC](includes Democratic Party of Socialists or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC]and Social Democratic Party of SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC]); CoalitionSNP-NS-DSS (bloc) (includes Socialist People's Party or SNP [SrdjanMILIC], People's Party of Montenegro or NS [Predrag POPOVIC], andDemocratic Serbian Party of Montenegro or DSS [Ranko KADIC]);Democratic League-Party of Democratic Prosperity or SPP [MehmetBARHDI]; Democratic Union of Albanians or DUA [Ferhat DINOSA];Liberals and the Bosniak Party (bloc) [Miodrag ZIVKOVIC] (includesLiberal Party of Montenegro or LP [Miodrag ZIVKOVIC] and BosniakParty or BS [Rafet HUSOVIC]); Movement for Changes or PZP [NebojsaMEDOJEVIC]; Serbian List (bloc) [Andrija MANDIC] (includes Party ofSerb Radicals or SSR [Dusko SEKULIC], People's Socialist Party orNSS [Emilo LABUDOVIC], and Serbian People's Party of Montenegro orSNS [Andrija MANDIC])
MontserratMontserrat Democratic Party or MDP [Lowell LEWIS];Movement for Change and Prosperity or MCAP [Roselyn CASSELL-SEALY];New People's Liberation Movement or NPLM [John A. OSBORNE]
MoroccoAction Party or PA [Muhammad EL IDRISSI]; Alliance ofLiberties or ADL [Ali BELHAJ]; Annahj Addimocrati or Annahj[Abdellah EL HARIF]; Avant Garde Social Democratic Party or PADS[Ahmed BENJELLOUN]; Citizen Forces or FC [Abderrahman LAHJOUJI];Citizen's Initiatives for Development [Mohamed BENHAMOU];Constitutional Union or UC [Mohamed ABIED]; Democratic andIndependence Party or PDI [Abdelwahed MAACH]; Democratic and SocialMovement or MDS [Mahmoud ARCHANE]; Democratic Forces Front or FFD;Democratic Socialist Party or PSD [Aissa OUARDIGHI]; DemocraticSociety Party or PSD [Zhor CHEKKAFI]; Democratic Union or UD[Bouazza IKKEN]; Environment and Development Party or PED [Ahmed ELALAMI]; Front of Democratic Forces or FFD [Thami EL KHYARI];Independence Party (Istiqlal) or PI [Abbas EL FASSI]; Justice andDevelopment Party or PJD [Abdelilah BENKIRANE]; Labor Party[Abdelkrim BENATIK]; Moroccan Liberal Party or PML [Mohamed ZIANE];National Democratic Party or PND [Abdallah KADIRI]; NationalIttihadi Congress Party or CNI [Abdelmajid BOUZOUBAA]; NationalRally of Independents or RNI [Mustapha EL MANSOURI]; National Unionof Popular Forces or UNFP [Abdellah IBRAHIM]; Parti Al Ahd or Al Ahd[Najib EL OUAZZANI]; Party of Progress and Socialism or PPS [IsmailALAOUI]; Party of Renewal and Equity or PRE [Chakir ACHABAR]; Partyof the Unified Socialist Left or GSU [Mohamed Ben Said AIT IDDER];Popular Movement or MP [Mohamed LAENSER]; Reform and DevelopmentParty or PRD [Abderrahmane EL KOUHEN]; Social Center Party or PSC[Lahcen MADIH]; Socialist Union of Popular Forces or USFP