New Zealand-$10.23 billion (2007 est.)
Nicaragua-$1.001 billion (2007 est.)
Niger-$321 million (2007 est.)
Nigeria$2.514 billion (2007 est.)
Norway$64.07 billion (2007 est.)
Oman$4.866 billion (2007 est.)
Pakistan-$8.255 billion (2007 est.)
Palau$15.09 million (FY03/04)
Panama-$1.577 billion (2007 est.)
Papua New Guinea$125.8 million (2007 est.)
Paraguay$119 million (2007 est.)
Peru$1.516 billion (2007 est.)
Philippines$6.351 billion (2007 est.)
Poland-$15.91 billion (2007 est.)
Portugal-$21.75 billion (2007 est.)
Qatar$10.41 billion (2007 est.)
Romania-$23.02 billion (2007 est.)
Russia$78.31 billion (2007 est.)
Rwanda-$147 million (2007 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis-$163 million (2007 est.)
Saint Lucia-$199 million (2007 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines-$149 million (2007 est.)
Samoa-$24 million (2007 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe-$55 million (2007 est.)
Saudi Arabia$86.62 billion (2007 est.)
Senegal-$1.458 billion (2007 est.)
Serbia-$6.889 billion (2007 est.)
Seychelles-$272 million (2007 est.)
Sierra Leone-$63 million (2007 est.)
Singapore$46.39 billion (2007 est.)
Slovakia-$3.998 billion (2007 est.)
Slovenia-$2.181 billion (2007 est.)
Solomon Islands-$143 million (2007 est.)
South Africa-$20.63 billion (2007 est.)
Spain-$145.3 billion (2007 est.)
Sri Lanka-$1.019 billion (2007 est.)
Sudan-$3.447 billion (2007 est.)
Suriname$24 million (2007 est.)
Swaziland-$24 million (2007 est.)
Sweden$37.97 billion (2007 est.)
Switzerland$72.35 billion (2007 est.)
Syria$908 million (2007 est.)
Taiwan$32.88 billion (2007 est.)
Tajikistan-$351 million (2007 est.)
Tanzania-$1.856 billion (2007 est.)
Thailand$14.92 billion (2007 est.)
Timor-Leste$1.161 billion (2007 est.)
Togo-$159 million (2007 est.)
Tonga-$23 million (2007 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago$5.378 billion (2007 est.)
Tunisia-$905 million (2007 est.)
Turkey-$37.58 billion (2007 est.)
Turkmenistan$1.705 billion (2007 est.)
Tuvalu-$11.68 million (2003)
Uganda-$744.7 million (2007 est.)
Ukraine-$5.918 billion (2007 est.)
United Arab Emirates$34.53 billion (2007 est.)
United Kingdom-$119.2 billion (2007 est.)
United States-$731.2 billion (2007 est.)
Uruguay-$185.6 million (2007 est.)
Uzbekistan$4.615 billion (2007 est.)
Vanuatu-$60 million (2007 est.)
Venezuela$20 billion (2007 est.)
Vietnam-$6.993 billion (2007 est.)
Yemen-$362 million (2007 est.)
Zambia-$228 million (2007 est.)
Zimbabwe-$649 million (2007 est.)
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
======================================================================
@2188 Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Albania$2.162 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Algeria$110.6 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Angola$11.2 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Argentina$46.12 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Armenia$1.657 billion (December 2007 est.)
Australia$26.91 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Austria$18.22 billion (2006 est.)
Azerbaijan$4.273 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Bahrain$4.101 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Bangladesh$5.278 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Barbados$620 million (2007)
Belarus$4.266 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Belgium$16.51 billion (2007 est.)
Belize$109 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Benin$1.209 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Bolivia$5.318 billion (31 October 2007)
Bosnia and Herzegovina$4.525 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Botswana$9.79 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Brazil$180.3 billion (31 December 2007)
Bulgaria$17.38 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Burkina Faso$1.029 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Burma$2.262 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Burundi$177.1 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Cambodia$2.143 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Cameroon$2.932 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Canada$41.08 billion (2007 est.)
Cape Verde$398 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Chad$969 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Chile$16.84 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
China$1.534 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)
Colombia$20.95 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Congo, Republic of the$2.206 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Costa Rica$4.114 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire$2.519 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Croatia$13.67 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Cuba$4.247 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Cyprus$6.507 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Czech Republic$34.59 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Denmark$34.32 billion (2006 est.)
Dominican Republic$2.562 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Ecuador$3.521 billion (30 November 2007 est.)
Egypt$31.37 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
El Salvador$2.199 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Equatorial Guinea$3.846 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Eritrea$23 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Estonia$3.27 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Ethiopia$1.294 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
European Union$NA
Finland$8.385 billion (2007)
France$115.7 billion (2006 est.)
Gabon$1.238 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Gambia, The$142.8 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Georgia$1.361 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Germany$136.2 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Ghana$2.204 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Greece$3.658 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Guatemala$4.139 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Guinea$119 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Guyana$313 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Haiti$444 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Honduras$2.546 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Hong Kong$152.7 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Hungary$24.05 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Iceland$2.436 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
India$275 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Indonesia$56.92 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Iran$69.2 billion (2007 est.)
Iraq$25.66 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Ireland$926.2 million (2006 est.)
Israel$28.52 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Italy$94.33 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Jamaica$1.905 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Japan$954.1 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Jordan$7.929 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Kazakhstan$17.63 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Kenya$3.355 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Korea, South$262.2 billion (31 December 2007)
Kosovo$NA
Kuwait$16.78 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Kyrgyzstan$1.177 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Laos$540 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Latvia$5.758 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Lebanon$20.55 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Lesotho$852 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Libya$79.6 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Lithuania$7.721 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Luxembourg$205.5 million (2006 est.)
Macedonia$2.265 billion (31 December 2007)
Madagascar$846.7 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Malawi$217.2 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Malaysia$101.1 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Malta$3.798 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Mauritius$1.822 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Mexico$87.19 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Moldova$1.334 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Montenegro$NA
Morocco$24.72 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Mozambique$1.445 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Namibia$896 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Netherlands$26.98 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
New Zealand$17.25 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Nicaragua$1.103 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Nigeria$51.33 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Norway$60.84 billion (2006 est.)
Oman$9.524 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Pakistan$15.69 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Panama$1.935 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Papua New Guinea$2.087 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Paraguay$2.463 billion (31 December 2007)
Peru$27.78 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Philippines$33.75 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Poland$65.75 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Portugal$11.55 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Qatar$9.752 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Romania$39.96 billion (31 December 2007)
Russia$476.4 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Rwanda$552.8 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Samoa$70.15 million (FY03/04)
Sao Tome and Principe$34.6 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Saudi Arabia$34.01 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Senegal$1.66 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Serbia$14.22 billion (2007 est.)
Seychelles$40.8 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Singapore$163 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Slovakia$18.98 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Slovenia$5.682 billion (30 September 2007 est.)
South Africa$32.94 billion (31 December 2007)
Spain$19.05 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Sri Lanka$3.644 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Sudan$1.378 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Suriname$263.3 million (2006)
Swaziland$762.7 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Sweden$31.04 billion (2006 est.)
Switzerland$75.37 billion (2006 est.)
Syria$6.046 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Taiwan$275 billion (31 December 2007)
Tajikistan$242 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Tanzania$2.91 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Thailand$87.46 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Togo$438 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Tonga$40.83 million (yearend, FY04/05)
Trinidad and Tobago$6.745 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Tunisia$7.854 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Turkey$76.51 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Turkmenistan$5.172 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Uganda$2.56 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Ukraine$32.48 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
United Arab Emirates$77.24 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
United Kingdom$57.3 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
United States$70.57 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Uruguay$4.121 billion (December 2007 est.)
Uzbekistan$6.75 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Vanuatu$40.54 million (2003)
Venezuela$33.48 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Vietnam$23.87 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Yemen$7.76 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Zambia$1.09 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Zimbabwe$120 million (31 December 2007 est.)
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
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@2193 Major infectious diseases
Afghanistandegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: malariaanimal contact disease: rabiesnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Angoladegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria, African trypanosomiasis (sleepingsickness)water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2008)
Argentinadegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis Awater contact disease: leptospirosis (2008)
Bangladeshdegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks insome locationswater contact disease: leptospirosisanimal contact disease: rabiesnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Belizedegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malariawater contact disease: leptospirosis (2008)
Benindegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow feverrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2008)
Bhutandegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malariawater contact disease: leptospirosis (2008)
Boliviadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and yellow feverwater contact disease: leptospirosis (2008)
Botswanadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: malaria (2008)
Burkina Fasodegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: malariawater contact disease: schistosomiasisrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitisnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Burmadegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malariawater contact disease: leptospirosisanimal contact disease: rabiesnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Burundidegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: malaria (2008)
Cambodiadegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, andmalarianote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Cameroondegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow feverwater contact disease: schistosomiasisrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitisanimal contact disease: rabies (2008)
Central African Republic degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2008)
Chaddegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: malariawater contact disease: schistosomiasisrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2008)
Chinadegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever, Japaneseencephalitis, and malariawater contact disease: leptospirosisanimal contact disease: rabiesnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Colombiadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis Avectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and yellow feverwater contact disease: leptospirosis (2008)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria, plague, and African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) water contact disease: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies (2008)
Congo, Republic of thedegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: malaria and African trypanosomiasis (sleepingsickness)animal contact disease: rabies (2008)
Costa Ricadegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis Avectorborne diseases: dengue fever (2008)
Cote d'Ivoiredegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow feverwater contact: schistosomiasisanimal contact disease: rabiesnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Croatiadegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis Avectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitisnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Cubadegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis Avectorborne diseases: dengue fever (2008)
Djiboutidegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: malarianote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Dominican Republicdegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malariawater contact disease: leptospirosis (2008)
Ecuadordegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and yellow feverwater contact disease: leptospirosis (2008)
Egyptdegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid feverwater contact disease: schistosomiasisnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
El Salvadordegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue feverwater contact disease: leptospirosis (2008)
Equatorial Guineadegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: malaria (2008)
Eritreadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: malaria (2008)
Estoniadegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis Avectorborne disease: tickborne encephalitis (2008)
Ethiopiadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malariarespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitisanimal contact disease: rabieswater contact disease: schistosomiasis (2008)
Gabondegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: malaria (2008)
Gambia, Thedegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, Crimean-Congohemorrhagic fever, and yellow feverwater contact disease: schistosomiasisrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2008)
Ghanadegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow feverwater contact disease: schistosomiasisrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitisnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Guatemaladegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: dengue fever and malaria (2008)
Guineadegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow feverwater contact disease: schistosomiasisrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitisaerosolized dust or soil contact disease: Lassa fever (2008)
Guinea-Bissaudegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow feverwater contact disease: schistosomiasisrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2008)
Guyanadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malariawater contact disease: leptospirosis (2008)
Haitidegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malariawater contact disease: leptospirosis (2008)
Hondurasdegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malariawater contact disease: leptospirosis (2008)
Hungarydegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis Avectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis (2008)
Indiadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E,and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: chikungunya, dengue fever, Japaneseencephalitis, and malariaanimal contact disease: rabiesnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Indonesiadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E,and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: chikungunya, dengue fever, and malarianote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Irandegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis Avectorborne diseases: Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever and malarianote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Iraqdegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevernote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Kenyadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: malariawater contact disease: schistosomiasis (2008)
Laosdegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, andmalarianote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Latviadegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis Avectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis (2008)
Liberiadegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow feverwater contact disease: schistosomiasisaerosolized dust or soil contact disease: Lassa feveranimal contact disease: rabies (2008)
Lithuaniadegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis Avectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis (2008)
Madagascardegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: chikungunya, malaria, and plaguewater contact disease: schistosomiasis (2008)
Malawidegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and plaguewater contact disease: schistosomiasis (2008)
Malaysiadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malarianote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Malidegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: malariawater contact disease: schistosomiasisrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2008)
Mauritaniadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and Rift Valley fever (2008)
Mexicodegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: dengue feverwater contact disease: leptospirosis (2008)
Montenegrodegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis Avectorborne disease: Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (2008)
Mozambiquedegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and plaguewater contact disease: schistosomiasis (2008)
Namibiadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: malariawater contact disease: schistosomiasis (2008)
Nepaldegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: Japanese encephalitis and malaria (2008)
Nicaraguadegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: dengue fever and malariawater contact disease: leptospirosis (2008)
Nigerdegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: malariarespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitisnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Nigeriadegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: malaria and yellow feverrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitisaerosolized dust or soil contact disease: one of the most highlyendemic areas for Lassa feverwater contact disease: leptospirosis and shistosomiasisnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Pakistandegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E,and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malariaanimal contact disease: rabiesnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Panamadegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis Avectorborne disease: dengue fever and malariawater contact disease: leptospirosis (2008)
Papua New Guineadegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria (2008)
Paraguaydegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: dengue fever and malaria (2008)
Perudegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial, hepatitis A, and typhoidfevervectorborne disease: dengue fever, malaria, Oroya fever, and yellowfeverwater contact disease: leptospirosis (2008)
Philippinesdegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria (2008)
Polanddegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrheavectorborne disease: tickborne encephalitisnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Russiadegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis Avectorborne disease: Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever and tickborneencephalitisnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Rwandadegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: malaria (2008)
Sao Tome and Principedegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: malaria (2008)
Senegaldegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, dengue fever,malaria, Rift Valley fever, and yellow feverwater contact disease: schistosomiasisrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2008)
Serbiadegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis Avectorborne disease: Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fevernote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Sierra Leonedegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow feverwater contact disease: schistosomiasisaerosolized dust or soil contact disease: Lassa fever (2008)
Somaliadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and Rift Valley feverwater contact disease: schistosomiasisanimal contact disease: rabies (2008)
South Africadegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever and malariawater contact disease: schistosomiasis (2008)
Sri Lankadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis Avectorborne disease: dengue fever and malariawater contact disease: leptospirosis (2008)
Sudandegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, African trypanosomiasis(sleeping sickness)water contact disease: schistosomiasisrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitisnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Surinamedegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: dengue fever, Mayaro virus, and malariawater contact disease: leptospirosis (2008)
Swazilanddegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: malariawater contact disease: schistosomiasis (2008)
Tajikistandegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: malaria (2008)
Tanzaniadegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and plaguewater contact disease: schistosomiasis (2008)
Thailanddegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis Avectorborne diseases: dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, andmalariaanimal contact disease: rabieswater contact disease: leptospirosisnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Timor-Lestedegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: chikungunya, dengue fever and malaria (2008)
Togodegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow feverwater contact disease: schistosomiasisrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitisnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Ugandadegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: chikungunya, malaria, plague, and Africantrypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2008)
Venezueladegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis Avectorborne disease: dengue fever, malaria, and Venezuelan equineencephalitis (2008)
Vietnamdegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, Japanese encephalitis,and plaguewater contact disease: leptospirosisnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
Yemendegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malariawater contact disease: schistosomiasis (2008)
Zambiadegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and plague are high risks in somelocationswater contact disease: schistosomiasisanimal contact disease: rabies (2008)
Zimbabwedegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: malariawater contact disease: schistosomiasisanimal contact disease: rabies (2008)
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
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@2194 Refugees and internally displaced persons
AfghanistanIDPs: 132,246 (mostly Pashtuns and Kuchis displaced insouth and west due to drought and instability) (2007)
Algeriarefugees (country of origin): 90,000 (Western SaharanSahrawi, mostly living in Algerian-sponsored camps in thesouthwestern Algerian town of Tindouf)IDPs: undetermined (civil war during 1990s) (2007)
Angolarefugees (country of origin): 12,615 (Democratic Republic ofCongo)IDPs: 61,700 (27-year civil war ending in 2002; 4 million IDPsalready have returned) (2007)
Armeniarefugees (country of origin): 113,295 (Azerbaijan)IDPs: 8,400 (conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh,majority have returned home since 1994 ceasefire) (2007)
Azerbaijanrefugees (country of origin): 2,400 (Russia)IDPs: 580,000-690,000 (conflict with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh)(2007)
Bangladeshrefugees (country of origin): 26,268 (Burma)IDPs: 65,000 (land conflicts, religious persecution) (2007)
Beninrefugees (country of origin): 9,444 (Togo) (2007)
Bosnia and Herzegovinarefugees (country of origin): 7,269 (Croatia)IDPs: 131,600 (Bosnian Croats, Serbs, and Muslims displaced in1992-95 war) (2007)
BurmaIDPs: 503,000 (government offensives against ethnic insurgentgroups near the eastern borders; most IDPs are ethnic Karen,Karenni, Shan, Tavoyan, and Mon) (2007)
Burundirefugees (country of origin): 9,849 (Democratic Republic ofthe Congo)IDPs: 100,000 (armed conflict between government and rebels; mostIDPs in northern and western Burundi) (2007)
Cameroonrefugees (country of origin): 20,000-30,000 (Chad); 3,000(Nigeria); 24,000 (Central African Republic) (2007)
Central African Republicrefugees (country of origin): 7,900(Sudan); 3,700 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); note - UNHCRresumed repatriation of Southern Sudanese refugees in 2006IDPs: 197,000 (ongoing unrest following coup in 2003) (2007)
Chadrefugees (country of origin): 234,000 (Sudan); 54,200 (CentralAfrican Republic)IDPs: 178,918 (2007)
Chinarefugees (country of origin): 300,897 (Vietnam); estimated30,000-50,000 (North Korea)IDPs: 90,000 (2007)
ColombiaIDPs: 1.8-3.5 million (conflict between government andillegal armed groups and drug traffickers) (2007)
Congo, Democratic Republic of therefugees (country of origin):132,295 (Angola); 37,313 (Rwanda); 17,777 (Burundi); 13,904(Uganda); 6,181 (Sudan); 5,243 (Republic of Congo)IDPs: 1.4 million (fighting between government forces and rebelssince mid-1990s; most IDPs are in eastern provinces) (2007)
Congo, Republic of therefugees (country of origin): 46,341(Democratic Republic of Congo); 6,564 (Rwanda)IDPs: 48,000 (multiple civil wars since 1992; most IDPs are ethnicLari) (2007)
Costa Ricarefugees (country of origin): 9,699-11,500 (Colombia)(2007)
Cote d'Ivoirerefugees (country of origin): 25,615 (Liberia)IDPs: 709,000 (2002 coup; most IDPs are in western regions) (2007)
CroatiaIDPs: 2,900-7,000 (Croats and Serbs displaced in 1992-95war) (2007)
CyprusIDPs: 210,000 (both Turkish and Greek Cypriots; manydisplaced for over 30 years) (2007)
Djiboutirefugees (country of origin): 8,642 (Somalia) (2007)
Ecuadorrefugees (country of origin): 11,526 (Colombia); note -UNHCR estimates as many as 250,000 Columbians are seeking asylum inEcuador, many of whom do not register as refugees for fear ofdeportation (2007)
Egyptrefugees (country of origin): 60,000 - 80,000 (Iraq); 70,198(Palestinian Territories); 12,157 (Sudan) (2007)
EritreaIDPs: 32,000 (border war with Ethiopia from 1998-2000; mostIDPs are near the central border region) (2007)
Ethiopiarefugees (country of origin): 66,980 (Sudan); 16,576(Somalia); 13,078 (Eritrea)IDPs: 200,000 (border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000, ethnicclashes in Gambela, and ongoing Ethiopian military counterinsurgencyin Somali region; most IDPs are in Tigray and Gambela Provinces)(2007)
Gabonrefugees (country of origin): 7,178 (Republic of Congo) (2007)
Gambia, Therefugees (country of origin): 5,955 (Sierra Leone) (2007)
Gaza Striprefugees (country of origin): 1.017 million (PalestinianRefugees (UNRWA)) (2007)
Georgiarefugees (country of origin): 1,100 (Russia)IDPs: 220,000-240,000 (displaced from Abkhazia and South Ossetia)(2007)
Ghanarefugees (country of origin): 35,653 (Liberia); 8,517 (Togo)(2007)
GuatemalaIDPs: undetermined (the UN does not estimate there are anyIDPs, although some NGOs estimate over 200,000 IDPs as a result ofover three decades of internal conflict that ended in 1996) (2007)
Guinearefugees (country of origin): 21,856 (Liberia); 5,259 (SierraLeone); 3,900 (Cote d'Ivoire)IDPs: 19,000 (cross-border incursions from Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia,Sierra Leone) (2007)
Guinea-Bissaurefugees (country of origin): 7,454 (Senegal) (2007)
Indiarefugees (country of origin): 77,200 (Tibet/China); 69,609(Sri Lanka); 9,472 (Afghanistan)IDPs: at least 600,000 (about half are Kashmiri Pandits from Jammuand Kashmir) (2007)
IndonesiaIDPs: 200,000-350,000 (government offensives againstrebels in Aceh; most IDPs in Aceh, Central Kalimantan, CentralSulawesi Provinces, and Maluku) (2007)
Iranrefugees (country of origin): 914,268 (Afghanistan); 54,024(Iraq) (2007)
Iraqrefugees (country of origin): 10,000-15,000 (PalestinianTerritories); 11,773 (Iran); 16,832 (Turkey)IDPs: 2.4 million (ongoing US-led war and ethno-sectarian violence)(2007)
IsraelIDPs: 150,000-420,000 (Arab villagers displaced from homes innorthern Israel) (2007)
Jordanrefugees (country of origin): 1,835,704 (Palestinian Refugees(UNRWA)); 500,000 (Iraq)IDPs: 160,000 (1967 Arab-Israeli War) (2007)
Kazakhstanrefugees (country of origin): 3,700 (Russia); 508(Afghanistan) (2007)
Kenyarefugees (country of origin): 173,702 (Somalia); 73,004(Sudan); 16,428 (Ethiopia)IDPs: 250,000-400,000 (2007 post-election violence; KANU attacks onopposition tribal groups in 1990s) (2007)
Korea, NorthIDPs: undetermined (flooding in mid-2007 and famineduring mid-1990s) (2007)
KosovoIDP's: 21,000 (2007)
Lebanonrefugees (country of origin): 405,425 (Palestinian refugees(UNRWA)); 50,000-60,000 (Iraq)IDPs: 17,000 (1975-90 civil war, Israeli invasions); 200,000(July-August 2006 war) (2007)
Liberiarefugees (country of origin): 12,600 (Cote d'Ivoire)IDPs: 13,000 (civil war from 1990-2004; IDP resettlement began inNovember 2004) (2007)
Libyarefugees (country of origin): 8,000 (Palestinian Territories)(2007)
MacedoniaIDPs: fewer than 1,000 (ethnic conflict in 2001) (2007)
Malaysiarefugees (country of origin): 15,174 (Indonesia); 21,544(Burma) (2007)
MaldivesIDPs: 1,000-10,000 (December 2004 tsunami victims) (2007)
Malirefugees (country of origin): 6,300 (Mauritania) (2007)
MexicoIDPs: 5,500-10,000 (government's quashing of Zapatistauprising in 1994 in eastern Chiapas Region) (2007)
Montenegrorefugees (country of origin): 7,000 (Kosovo); note -mostly ethnic Serbs and Roma who fled Kosovo in 1999IDPs: 16,192 (ethnic conflict in 1999 and riots in 2004) (2007)
Namibiarefugees (country of origin): 4,700 (Angola) (2007)
Nepalrefugees (country of origin): 107,803 (Bhutan); 20,153(Tibet/China)IDPs: 50,000-70,000 (remaining from ten-year Maoist insurgency thatofficially ended in 2006; displacement spread across the country)(2007)
Nigeriarefugees (country of origin): 5,778 (Liberia)IDPs: undetermined (communal violence between Christians and Muslimssince President OBASANJO's election in 1999; displacement is mostlyshort-term) (2007)
Pakistanrefugees (country of origin): 1,043,984 (Afghanistan)IDPs: undetermined (government strikes on Islamic militants in SouthWaziristan); 34,000 (October 2005 earthquake; most of thosedisplaced returned to their home villages in the spring of 2006)(2007)
Papua New Guinearefugees (country of origin): 10,177 (Indonesia)(2007)
PeruIDPs: 60,000-150,000 (civil war from 1980-2000; most IDPs areindigenous peasants in Andean and Amazonian regions) (2007)
PhilippinesIDPs: 300,000 (fighting between government troops andMILF and Abu Sayyaf groups) (2007)
RussiaIDPs: 18,000-160,000 (displacement from Chechnya and NorthOssetia) (2007)
Rwandarefugees (country of origin): 46,272 (Democratic Republic ofthe Congo); 4,400 (Burundi) (2007)
Saudi Arabiarefugees (country of origin): 240,015 (PalestinianTerritories) (2007)
Senegalrefugees (country of origin): 19,630 (Mauritania)IDPs: 22,400 (approximately 65% of the IDP population returned in2005, but new displacement is occurring due to clashes betweengovernment troops and separatists in Casamance region) (2007)
Serbiarefugees (country of origin): 71,111 (Croatia); 27,414(Bosnia and Herzegovina); 206,000 (Kosovo), note - mostly ethnicSerbs and Roma who fled Kosovo in 1999 (2007)
Sierra Leonerefugees (country of origin): 27,311 (Liberia) (2007)
Solomon IslandsIDPs: 5,400 (displaced by tsunami on 2 April 2007)(2007)
SomaliaIDPs: 1.1 million (civil war since 1988, clan-basedcompetition for resources) (2007)
South Africarefugees (country of origin): 10,772 (DemocraticRepublic of Congo); 7,818 (Somalia); 5,759 (Angola) (2007)
Sri LankaIDPs: 460,000 (both Tamils and non-Tamils displaced due tolong-term civil war between the government and the separatistLiberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)) (2007)
Sudanrefugees (country of origin): 157,220 (Eritrea); 25,023(Chad); 11,009 (Ethiopia); 7,895 (Uganda); 5,023 (Central AfricanRepublic)IDPs: 5.3 - 6.2 million (civil war 1983-2005; ongoing conflict inDarfur region) (2007)
Syriarefugees (country of origin): 1-1.4 million (Iraq); 522,100(Palestinian Refugees (UNRWA))IDPs: 305,000 (most displaced from Golan Heights during 1967Arab-Israeli War) (2007)
Tanzaniarefugees (country of origin): 352,640 (Burundi); 127,973(Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2007)
Thailandrefugees (country of origin): 132,241 (Burma) (2007)
Timor-LesteIDPs: 100,000 (2007)
Togorefugees (country of origin): 5,000 (Ghana)IDPs: 1,500 (2007)
TurkeyIDPs: 1-1.2 million (fighting 1984-99 between Kurdish PKK andTurkish military; most IDPs in southeastern provinces) (2007)
Turkmenistanrefugees (country of origin): 11,173 (Tajikistan); lessthan 1,000 (Afghanistan) (2007)
Ugandarefugees (country of origin): 215,700 (Sudan); 28,880(Democratic Republic of Congo); 24,900 (Rwanda)IDPs: 1.27 million (350,000 IDPs returned in 2006 following ongoingpeace talks between the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) and theGovernment of Uganda) (2007)