Bermudamales age 16-49: 12,496females age 16-49: 12,486 (2009 est.)
Bhutanmales age 16-49: 150,210females age 16-49: 135,991 (2009 est.)
Boliviamales age 16-49: 1,666,697females age 16-49: 1,906,396 (2009 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovinamales age 16-49: 991,953females age 16-49: 959,226 (2009 est.)
Botswanamales age 16-49: 341,190females age 16-49: 315,588 (2009 est.)
Brazilmales age 16-49: 38,043,555females age 16-49: 44,267,520 (2009 est.)
British Virgin Islandsmales age 16-49: 5,979females age 16-49: 5,738 (2009 est.)
Bruneimales age 16-49: 92,543females age 16-49: 95,301 (2009 est.)
Bulgariamales age 16-49: 1,351,312females age 16-49: 1,381,017 (2009 est.)
Burkina Fasomales age 16-49: 2,197,557females age 16-49: 2,191,978 (2009 est.)
Burmamales age 16-49: 9,146,312females age 16-49: 9,520,852 (2009 est.)
Burundimales age 16-49: 1,124,072females age 16-49: 1,102,729 (2009 est.)
Cambodiamales age 16-49: 2,673,383females age 16-49: 2,763,256 (2009 est.)
Cameroonmales age 16-49: 2,645,601females age 16-49: 2,574,948 (2009 est.)
Canadamales age 16-49: 6,647,513females age 16-49: 6,413,748 (2009 est.)
Cape Verdemales age 16-49: 84,967females age 16-49: 90,154 (2009 est.)
Cayman Islandsmales age 16-49: 9,735females age 16-49: 10,145 (2009 est.)
Central African Republicmales age 16-49: 552,907females age 16-49: 512,611 (2009 est.)
Chadmales age 16-49: 1,103,006females age 16-49: 1,315,620 (2009 est.)
Chilemales age 16-49: 3,573,165females age 16-49: 3,523,649 (2009 est.)
Chinamales age 16-49: 314,459,083females age 16-49: 296,763,134 (2009 est.)
Colombiamales age 16-49: 8,212,944females age 16-49: 10,045,435 (2009 est.)
Comorosmales age 16-49: 125,747females age 16-49: 135,707 (2009 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of themales age 16-49: 8,925,355females age 16-49: 9,047,356 (2009 est.)
Congo, Republic of themales age 16-49: 538,202females age 16-49: 527,649 (2009 est.)
Cook Islandsmales age 16-49: 2,334females age 16-49: 2,286 (2009 est.)
Costa Ricamales age 16-49: 971,224females age 16-49: 936,978 (2009 est.)
Cote d'Ivoiremales age 16-49: 3,122,106females age 16-49: 2,936,391 (2009 est.)
Croatiamales age 16-49: 770,798females age 16-49: 849,957 (2009 est.)
Cubamales age 16-49: 2,532,495females age 16-49: 2,468,631 (2009 est.)
CyprusGreek Cypriot National Guard (GCNG):males age 16-49: 165,615females age 16-49: 159,362 (2009 est.)
Czech Republicmales age 16-49: 2,095,038females age 16-49: 2,011,531 (2009 est.)
Denmarkmales age 16-49: 1,013,223females age 16-49: 998,837 (2009 est.)
Djiboutimales age 16-49: 55,173females age 16-49: 52,825 (2009 est.)
Dominicamales age 16-49: 15,821females age 16-49: 15,291 (2009 est.)
Dominican Republicmales age 16-49: 2,056,774females age 16-49: 1,921,836 (2009 est.)
Ecuadormales age 16-49: 2,708,470females age 16-49: 3,165,489 (2009 est.)
Egyptmales age 16-49: 18,490,522females age 16-49: 17,719,905 (2009 est.)
El Salvadormales age 16-49: 1,201,290females age 16-49: 1,547,278 (2009 est.)
Equatorial Guineamales age 16-49: 105,468females age 16-49: 107,919 (2009 est.)
Eritreamales age 16-49: 834,018females age 16-49: 887,495 (2009 est.)
Estoniamales age 16-49: 216,483females age 16-49: 260,408 (2009 est.)
Ethiopiamales age 16-49: 11,078,847females age 16-49: 12,017,073 (2009 est.)
Faroe Islandsmales age 16-49: 9,759females age 16-49: 8,311 (2009 est.)
Fijimales age 16-49: 192,363females age 16-49: 204,410 (2009 est.)
Finlandmales age 16-49: 962,479females age 16-49: 920,297 (2009 est.)
Francemales age 16-49: 12,087,606females age 16-49: 11,811,260 (2009 est.)
French Polynesiamales age 16-49: 65,408females age 16-49: 64,421 (2009 est.)
Gabonmales age 16-49: 195,519females age 16-49: 190,519 (2009 est.)
Gambia, Themales age 16-49: 238,454females age 16-49: 253,680 (2009 est.)
Gaza Stripmales age 16-49: 312,003females age 16-49: 297,380 (2009 est.)
Georgiamales age 16-49: 908,282females age 16-49: 959,290 (2009 est.)
Germanymales age 16-49: 15,747,493females age 16-49: 14,899,416 (2009 est.)
Ghanamales age 16-49: 3,849,113females age 16-49: 3,840,083 (2009 est.)
Gibraltarmales age 16-49: 5,234females age 16-49: 5,242 (2009 est.)
Greecemales age 16-49: 2,067,878females age 16-49: 2,050,289 (2009 est.)
Greenlandmales age 16-49: 10,809females age 16-49: 11,437 (2009 est.)
Grenadamales age 16-49: 20,483females age 16-49: 20,923 (2009 est.)
Guammales age 16-49: 37,563females age 16-49: 36,083 (2009 est.)
Guatemalamales age 16-49: 2,401,297females age 16-49: 2,725,572 (2009 est.)
Guernseymales age 16-49: 12,447females age 16-49: 12,566 (2009 est.)
Guineamales age 16-49: 1,396,278females age 16-49: 1,435,387 (2009 est.)
Guinea-Bissaumales age 16-49: 194,110females age 16-49: 200,660 (2009 est.)
Guyanamales age 16-49: 150,307females age 16-49: 144,622 (2009 est.)
Haitimales age 16-49: 1,518,840females age 16-49: 1,530,043 (2009 est.)
Hondurasmales age 16-49: 1,397,938females age 16-49: 1,402,398 (2009 est.)
Hong Kongmales age 16-49: 1,421,406females age 16-49: 1,543,443 (2009 est.)
Hungarymales age 16-49: 1,887,755females age 16-49: 1,934,019 (2009 est.)
Icelandmales age 16-49: 62,576females age 16-49: 61,159 (2009 est.)
Indiamales age 16-49: 237,042,868females age 16-49: 243,276,310 (2009 est.)
Indonesiamales age 16-49: 52,997,922females age 16-49: 52,503,046 (2009 est.)
Iranmales age 16-49: 17,658,573females age 16-49: 17,148,290 (2009 est.)
Iraqmales age 16-49: 6,203,425females age 16-49: 6,065,009 (2009 est.)
Irelandmales age 16-49: 857,162females age 16-49: 854,416 (2009 est.)
Isle of Manmales age 16-49: 14,691females age 16-49: 14,338 (2009 est.)
Israelmales age 16-49: 1,474,966females age 16-49: 1,404,712 (2009 est.)
Italymales age 16-49: 11,197,487females age 16-49: 10,574,250 (2009 est.)
Jamaicamales age 16-49: 573,520females age 16-49: 586,426 (2009 est.)
Japanmales age 16-49: 22,757,136females age 16-49: 21,920,703 (2009 est.)
Jerseymales age 16-49: 16,920females age 16-49: 16,826 (2009 est.)
Jordanmales age 16-49: 1,593,919females age 16-49: 1,382,097 (2009 est.)
Kazakhstanmales age 16-49: 2,888,931females age 16-49: 3,550,014 (2009 est.)
Kenyamales age 16-49: 5,935,480females age 16-49: 5,662,755 (2009 est.)
Kiribatimales age 16-49: 18,129females age 16-49: 20,643 (2009 est.)
Korea, Northmales age 16-49: 4,104,964females age 16-49: 4,492,374 (2009 est.)
Korea, Southmales age 16-49: 10,991,263females age 16-49: 10,356,604 (2009 est.)
Kosovomales age 16-49: 428,685females age 16-49: 388,848 (2009 est.)
Kuwaitmales age 16-49: 935,525females age 16-49: 519,854 (2009 est.)
Kyrgyzstanmales age 16-49: 1,083,777females age 16-49: 1,229,406 (2009 est.)
Laosmales age 16-49: 1,023,205females age 16-49: 1,085,197 (2009 est.)
Latviamales age 16-49: 410,374females age 16-49: 463,144 (2009 est.)
Lebanonmales age 16-49: 948,765females age 16-49: 954,663 (2009 est.)
Lesothomales age 16-49: 267,083females age 16-49: 240,868 (2009 est.)
Liberiamales age 16-49: 387,417females age 16-49: 382,334 (2009 est.)
Libyamales age 16-49: 1,466,578females age 16-49: 1,409,684 (2009 est.)
Liechtensteinmales age 16-49: 6,584females age 16-49: 6,801 (2009 est.)
Lithuaniamales age 16-49: 677,689females age 16-49: 743,468 (2009 est.)
Luxembourgmales age 16-49: 95,840females age 16-49: 94,641 (2009 est.)
Macaumales age 16-49: 122,962females age 16-49: 148,809 (2009 est.)
Macedoniamales age 16-49: 444,247females age 16-49: 427,556 (2009 est.)
Madagascarmales age 16-49: 3,150,043females age 16-49: 3,404,988 (2009 est.)
Malawimales age 16-49: 1,732,621females age 16-49: 1,562,107 (2009 est.)
Malaysiamales age 16-49: 5,493,946females age 16-49: 5,409,524 (2009 est.)
Maldivesmales age 16-49: 138,746females age 16-49: 82,247 (2009 est.)
Malimales age 16-49: 1,649,772females age 16-49: 1,579,601 (2009 est.)
Maltamales age 16-49: 80,186females age 16-49: 76,426 (2009 est.)
Marshall Islandsmales age 16-49: 13,041females age 16-49: 13,199 (2009 est.)
Mauritaniamales age 16-49: 450,289females age 16-49: 544,598 (2009 est.)
Mauritiusmales age 16-49: 277,690females age 16-49: 282,211 (2009 est.)
Mayottemales age 16-49: 35,849females age 16-49: 34,456 (2009 est.)
Mexicomales age 16-49: 22,541,654females age 16-49: 25,149,027 (2009 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States ofmales age 16-49: 21,845females age 16-49: 23,401 (2009 est.)
Moldovamales age 16-49: 877,665females age 16-49: 987,356 (2009 est.)
Monacomales age 16-49: 5,495females age 16-49: 5,406 (2009 est.)
Mongoliamales age 16-49: 706,774females age 16-49: 740,550 (2009 est.)
Montenegromales age 16-49: 154,029females age 16-49: 136,847 (2009 est.)
Montserratmales age 16-49: 1,126females age 16-49: 1,226 (2009 est.)
Moroccomales age 16-49: 7,779,589females age 16-49: 7,881,024 (2009 est.)
Mozambiquemales age 16-49: 2,366,897females age 16-49: 2,209,764 (2009 est.)
Namibiamales age 16-49: 329,614females age 16-49: 294,490 (2009 est.)
Naurumales age 16-49: 2,592females age 16-49: 2,966 (2009 est.)
Nepalmales age 16-49: 4,886,103females age 16-49: 5,525,764 (2009 est.)
Netherlandsmales age 16-49: 3,224,790females age 16-49: 3,143,096 (2009 est.)
Netherlands Antillesmales age 16-49: 46,461females age 16-49: 47,325 (2009 est.)
New Caledoniamales age 16-49: 48,288females age 16-49: 48,959 (2009 est.)
New Zealandmales age 16-49: 837,553females age 16-49: 825,981 (2009 est.)
Nicaraguamales age 16-49: 1,277,878females age 16-49: 1,339,413 (2009 est.)
Nigermales age 16-49: 2,019,553females age 16-49: 2,046,906 (2009 est.)
Nigeriamales age 16-49: 19,763,535females age 16-49: 18,850,650 (2009 est.)
Northern Mariana Islandsmales age 16-49: 19,209females age 16-49: 33,074 (2009 est.)
Norwaymales age 16-49: 888,219females age 16-49: 863,255 (2009 est.)
Omanmales age 16-49: 675,454females age 16-49: 563,890 (2009 est.)
Pakistanmales age 16-49: 33,690,322females age 16-49: 32,602,910 (2009 est.)
Palaumales age 16-49: 5,177females age 16-49: 3,936 (2009 est.)
Panamamales age 16-49: 705,160females age 16-49: 710,521 (2009 est.)
Papua New Guineamales age 16-49: 1,110,175females age 16-49: 1,127,758 (2009 est.)
Paraguaymales age 16-49: 1,363,746females age 16-49: 1,390,799 (2009 est.)
Perumales age 16-49: 5,920,716females age 16-49: 6,359,803 (2009 est.)
Philippinesmales age 16-49: 19,169,298females age 16-49: 20,636,853 (2009 est.)
Polandmales age 16-49: 7,898,892females age 16-49: 7,888,035 (2009 est.)
Portugalmales age 16-49: 2,103,558females age 16-49: 2,049,032 (2009 est.)
Puerto Ricomales age 16-49: 699,784females age 16-49: 790,482 (2009 est.)
Qatarmales age 16-49: 318,388females age 16-49: 136,841 (2009 est.)
Romaniamales age 16-49: 4,542,720females age 16-49: 4,604,484 (2009 est.)
Russiamales age 16-49: 21,098,306females age 16-49: 27,968,883 (2009 est.)
Rwandamales age 16-49: 1,452,768females age 16-49: 1,456,207 (2009 est.)
Saint Barthelemymales age 16-49: 1,594females age 16-49: 1,340 (2009 est.)
Saint Helenamales age 16-49: 1,586females age 16-49: 1,600 (2009 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevismales age 16-49: 8,159females age 16-49: 8,517 (2009 est.)
Saint Luciamales age 16-49: 32,094females age 16-49: 36,110 (2009 est.)
Saint Martinmales age 16-49: 6,336females age 16-49: 6,925 (2009 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelonmales age 16-49: 1,427females age 16-49: 1,406 (2009 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadinesmales age 16-49: 22,975females age 16-49: 22,250 (2009 est.)
Samoamales age 16-49: 43,169females age 16-49: 40,957 (2009 est.)
San Marinomales age 16-49: 5,343females age 16-49: 6,048 (2009 est.)
Sao Tome and Principemales age 16-49: 35,216females age 16-49: 38,329 (2009 est.)
Saudi Arabiamales age 16-49: 7,486,622females age 16-49: 5,652,819 (2009 est.)
Senegalmales age 16-49: 2,038,508females age 16-49: 2,207,510 (2009 est.)
Serbiamales age 16-49: 1,415,007females age 16-49: 1,379,541 (2009 est.)
Seychellesmales age 16-49: 19,702females age 16-49: 19,780 (2009 est.)
Sierra Leonemales age 16-49: 692,469females age 16-49: 762,239 (2009 est.)
Singaporemales age 16-49: 1,033,961females age 16-49: 1,104,952 (2009 est.)
Slovakiamales age 16-49: 1,165,470females age 16-49: 1,152,941 (2009 est.)
Sloveniamales age 16-49: 402,484females age 16-49: 390,559 (2009 est.)
Solomon Islandsmales age 16-49: 121,368females age 16-49: 122,821 (2009 est.)
Somaliamales age 16-49: 1,301,026females age 16-49: 1,351,649 (2009 est.)
South Africamales age 16-49: 7,641,557females age 16-49: 6,518,793 (2009 est.)
Spainmales age 16-49: 8,139,020females age 16-49: 7,899,157 (2009 est.)
Sri Lankamales age 16-49: 4,498,667females age 16-49: 4,693,895 (2009 est.)
Sudanmales age 16-49: 5,836,971females age 16-49: 5,942,043 (2009 est.)
Surinamemales age 16-49: 107,367females age 16-49: 111,000 (2009 est.)
Swazilandmales age 16-49: 124,132females age 16-49: 118,570 (2009 est.)
Swedenmales age 16-49: 1,705,746females age 16-49: 1,645,070 (2009 est.)
Switzerlandmales age 16-49: 1,510,259females age 16-49: 1,475,993 (2009 est.)
Syriamales age 16-49: 4,360,934females age 16-49: 4,344,895 (2009 est.)
Taiwanmales age 16-49: 5,106,730females age 16-49: 5,008,563 (2009 est.)
Tajikistanmales age 16-49: 1,428,218females age 16-49: 1,603,779 (2009 est.)
Tanzaniamales age 16-49: 5,473,552females age 16-49: 5,493,188 (2009 est.)
Thailandmales age 16-49: 13,086,106females age 16-49: 14,126,398 (2009 est.)
Timor-Lestemales age 16-49: 230,534females age 16-49: 238,610 (2009 est.)
Togomales age 16-49: 929,395females age 16-49: 943,967 (2009 est.)
Tongamales age 16-49: 26,471females age 16-49: 27,715 (2009 est.)
Trinidad and Tobagomales age 16-49: 276,224females age 16-49: 271,677 (2009 est.)
Tunisiamales age 16-49: 2,569,403females age 16-49: 2,489,651 (2009 est.)
Turkeymales age 16-49: 17,223,506females age 16-49: 16,995,299 (2009 est.)
Turkmenistanmales age 16-49: 1,024,884females age 16-49: 1,147,714 (2009 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islandsmales age 16-49: 4,937females age 16-49: 4,648 (2009 est.)
Tuvalumales age 16-49: 2,462females age 16-49: 2,631 (2009 est.)
Ugandamales age 16-49: 3,996,597females age 16-49: 3,899,717 (2009 est.)
Ukrainemales age 16-49: 7,056,742females age 16-49: 9,234,591 (2009 est.)
United Arab Emiratesmales age 16-49: 2,081,491females age 16-49: 788,632 (2009 est.)
United Kingdommales age 16-49: 12,123,900females age 16-49: 11,616,769 (2009 est.)
United Statesmales age 16-49: 59,764,677females age 16-49: 59,437,663 (2009 est.)
Uruguaymales age 16-49: 708,545females age 16-49: 693,622 (2009 est.)
Uzbekistanmales age 16-49: 6,340,446females age 16-49: 6,559,769 (2009 est.)
Vanuatumales age 16-49: 41,533females age 16-49: 42,837 (2009 est.)
Venezuelamales age 16-49: 5,391,582females age 16-49: 5,873,563 (2009 est.)
Vietnammales age 16-49: 19,190,676females age 16-49: 20,768,508 (2009 est.)
Virgin Islandsmales age 16-49: 17,820females age 16-49: 21,193 (2009 est.)
Wallis and Futunamales age 16-49: 3,273females age 16-49: 3,297 (2009 est.)
West Bankmales age 16-49: 545,653females age 16-49: 515,102 (2009 est.)
Western Saharamales age 16-49: 52,267females age 16-49: 59,221 (2009 est.)
Yemenmales age 16-49: 3,733,704females age 16-49: 3,773,626 (2009 est.)
Zambiamales age 16-49: 1,364,173females age 16-49: 1,245,220 (2009 est.)
Zimbabwemales age 16-49: 1,198,727females age 16-49: 1,436,232 (2009 est.)
======================================================================
@2026
Field Listing :: Manpower reaching militarily significant age
annually
This entry gives the number of males and females entering the military manpower pool (i.e., reaching age 16) in any given year and is a measure of the availability of military-age young adults. Country
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually
Afghanistanmale: 382,720female: 361,733 (2009 est.)
Albaniamale: 34,778female: 31,673 (2009 est.)
Algeriamale: 375,852female: 362,158 (2009 est.)
American Samoamale: 820female: 802 (2009 est.)
Andorramale: 402female: 373 (2009 est.)
Angolamale: 146,738female: 143,478 (2009 est.)
Anguillamale: 107female: 106 (2009 est.)
Antigua and Barbudamale: 744female: 743 (2009 est.)
Argentinamale: 341,590female: 326,342 (2009 est.)
Armeniamale: 27,293female: 25,574 (2009 est.)
Arubamale: 722female: 711 (2009 est.)
Australiamale: 144,959female: 137,333 (2009 est.)
Austriamale: 50,540female: 48,042 (2009 est.)
Azerbaijanmale: 90,416female: 85,344 (2009 est.)
Bahamas, Themale: 2,992female: 3,003 (2009 est.)
Bahrainmale: 6,612female: 6,499 (2009 est.)
Bangladeshmale: 1,538,865female: 1,666,670 (2009 est.)
Barbadosmale: 2,015female: 2,007 (2009 est.)
Belarusmale: 60,009female: 56,834 (2009 est.)
Belgiummale: 62,722female: 59,969 (2009 est.)
Belizemale: 3,632female: 3,500 (2009 est.)
Beninmale: 101,549female: 97,856 (2009 est.)
Bermudamale: 426female: 413 (2009 est.)
Bhutanmale: 7,668female: 7,379 (2009 est.)
Boliviamale: 108,304female: 104,882 (2009 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovinamale: 27,368female: 25,644 (2009 est.)
Botswanamale: 23,420female: 22,904 (2009 est.)
Brazilmale: 1,690,031female: 1,630,851 (2009 est.)
British Virgin Islandsmale: 178female: 173 (2009 est.)
Bruneimale: 3,460female: 3,399 (2009 est.)
Bulgariamale: 38,263female: 36,374 (2009 est.)
Burkina Fasomale: 182,540female: 180,051 (2009 est.)
Burmamale: 426,110female: 417,674 (2009 est.)
Burundimale: 101,402female: 101,897 (2009 est.)
Cambodiamale: 177,881female: 175,332 (2009 est.)
Cameroonmale: 213,027female: 208,642 (2009 est.)
Canadamale: 223,238female: 210,797 (2009 est.)
Cape Verdemale: 5,471female: 5,349 (2009 est.)
Cayman Islandsmale: 334female: 345 (2009 est.)
Central African Republicmale: 55,484female: 55,168 (2009 est.)
Chadmale: 121,080female: 121,585 (2009 est.)
Chilemale: 145,766female: 139,648 (2009 est.)
Chinamale: 10,621,373female: 9,533,880 (2009 est.)
Colombiamale: 446,432female: 437,164 (2009 est.)
Comorosmale: 8,203female: 8,188 (2009 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of themale: 814,199female: 811,238 (2009 est.)
Congo, Republic of themale: 46,976female: 46,490 (2009 est.)
Cook Islandsmale: 148female: 125 (2009 est.)
Costa Ricamale: 40,698female: 38,808 (2009 est.)
Cote d'Ivoiremale: 236,159female: 232,617 (2009 est.)
Croatiamale: 27,620female: 26,154 (2009 est.)
Cubamale: 75,969female: 72,253 (2009 est.)
Cyprusmale: 6,241female: 5,979 (2009 est.)
Czech Republicmale: 60,150female: 57,157 (2009 est.)
Denmarkmale: 37,231female: 35,306 (2009 est.)
Djiboutimale: 5,778female: 5,771 (2009 est.)
Dominicamale: 776female: 731 (2009 est.)
Dominican Republicmale: 97,766female: 93,922 (2009 est.)
Ecuadormale: 148,010female: 143,291 (2009 est.)
Egyptmale: 831,157female: 792,330 (2009 est.)
El Salvadormale: 77,473female: 74,655 (2009 est.)
Equatorial Guineamale: 6,983female: 6,726 (2009 est.)
Eritreamale: 62,265female: 62,328 (2009 est.)
Estoniamale: 7,583female: 7,111 (2009 est.)
Ethiopiamale: 908,384female: 916,354 (2009 est.)
Faroe Islandsmale: 386female: 375 (2009 est.)
Fijimale: 9,107female: 8,755 (2009 est.)
Finlandmale: 33,784female: 32,621 (2009 est.)
Francemale: 391,480female: 373,334 (2009 est.)
French Polynesiamale: 2,665female: 2,552 (2009 est.)
Gabonmale: 16,933female: 16,942 (2009 est.)
Gambia, Themale: 20,238female: 20,167 (2009 est.)
Gaza Stripmale: 19,147female: 18,200 (2009 est.)
Georgiamale: 32,355female: 30,809 (2009 est.)
Germanymale: 431,508female: 409,111 (2009 est.)
Ghanamale: 272,954female: 266,186 (2009 est.)
Gibraltarmale: 186female: 179 (2009 est.)
Greecemale: 53,401female: 50,084 (2009 est.)
Greenlandmale: 532female: 491 (2009 est.)
Grenadamale: 982female: 937 (2009 est.)
Guammale: 1,677female: 1,581 (2009 est.)
Guatemalamale: 165,910female: 163,760 (2009 est.)
Guernseymale: 362female: 351 (2009 est.)
Guineamale: 110,281female: 107,879 (2009 est.)
Guinea-Bissaumale: 16,957female: 17,172 (2009 est.)
Guyanamale: 6,625female: 6,365 (2009 est.)
Haitimale: 108,444female: 106,243 (2009 est.)
Hondurasmale: 92,638female: 88,993 (2009 est.)
Hong Kongmale: 42,330female: 38,797 (2009 est.)
Hungarymale: 60,248female: 57,280 (2009 est.)
Icelandmale: 2,369female: 2,349 (2009 est.)
Indiamale: 11.795 millionfemale: 10,820,590 (2009 est.)
Indonesiamale: 2,197,323female: 2,126,412 (2009 est.)
Iranmale: 700,213female: 664,846 (2009 est.)
Iraqmale: 313,500female: 304,923 (2009 est.)
Irelandmale: 28,072female: 26,400 (2009 est.)
Isle of Manmale: 466female: 446 (2009 est.)
Israelmale: 61,223female: 58,219 (2009 est.)
Italymale: 287,845female: 270,384 (2009 est.)
Jamaicamale: 31,833female: 31,257 (2009 est.)
Japanmale: 621,254female: 589,270 (2009 est.)
Jerseymale: 586female: 541 (2009 est.)
Jordanmale: 69,830female: 67,292 (2009 est.)
Kazakhstanmale: 139,262female: 133,047 (2009 est.)
Kenyamale: 412,656female: 408,657 (2009 est.)
Kiribatimale: 1,264female: 1,242 (2009 est.)
Korea, Northmale: 191,759female: 184,641 (2009 est.)
Korea, Southmale: 371,728female: 322,605 (2009 est.)
Kuwaitmale: 18,122female: 18,865 (2009 est.)
Kyrgyzstanmale: 57,659female: 55,557 (2009 est.)
Laosmale: 75,310female: 74,498 (2009 est.)
Latviamale: 12,901female: 12,497 (2009 est.)
Lebanonmale: 33,018female: 31,800 (2009 est.)
Lesothomale: 26,039female: 25,964 (2009 est.)
Liberiamale: 34,059female: 33,281 (2009 est.)
Libyamale: 60,710female: 58,219 (2009 est.)
Liechtensteinmale: 199female: 222 (2009 est.)
Lithuaniamale: 23,556female: 22,404 (2009 est.)
Luxembourgmale: 3,170female: 2,995 (2009 est.)
Macaumale: 4,578female: 4,052 (2009 est.)
Macedoniamale: 14,596female: 13,881 (2009 est.)
Madagascarmale: 236,500female: 235,994 (2009 est.)
Malawimale: 174,044female: 173,828 (2009 est.)
Malaysiamale: 266,267female: 252,543 (2009 est.)
Maldivesmale: 4,576female: 3,942 (2009 est.)
Malimale: 147,846female: 140,543 (2009 est.)
Maltamale: 2,695female: 2,533 (2009 est.)
Marshall Islandsmale: 540female: 521 (2009 est.)
Mauritaniamale: 34,546female: 35,272 (2009 est.)
Mauritiusmale: 10,901female: 10,796 (2009 est.)
Mayottemale: 2,517female: 2,511 (2009 est.)
Mexicomale: 1,109,981female: 1,072,094 (2009 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States ofmale: 1,273female: 1,212 (2009 est.)
Moldovamale: 31,633female: 30,214 (2009 est.)
Monacomale: 190female: 182 (2009 est.)
Mongoliamale: 28,251female: 27,344 (2009 est.)
Montenegromale: 3,945female: 3,907 (2009 est.)
Montserratmale: 36female: 33 (2009 est.)
Moroccomale: 356,014female: 343,520 (2009 est.)
Mozambiquemale: 263,994female: 265,058 (2009 est.)
Namibiamale: 25,857female: 25,505 (2009 est.)
Naurumale: 179female: 174 (2009 est.)
Nepalmale: 365,567female: 352,643 (2009 est.)
Netherlandsmale: 105,194female: 100,341 (2009 est.)
Netherlands Antillesmale: 1,920female: 1,827 (2009 est.)
New Caledoniamale: 2,160female: 2,087 (2009 est.)
New Zealandmale: 31,461female: 29,809 (2009 est.)
Nicaraguamale: 72,366female: 70,118 (2009 est.)
Nigermale: 170,060female: 163,996 (2009 est.)
Nigeriamale: 1,697,030female: 1,618,561 (2009 est.)
Northern Mariana Islandsmale: 570female: 587 (2009 est.)
Norwaymale: 31,980female: 30,543 (2009 est.)
Omanmale: 35,647female: 34,407 (2009 est.)
Pakistanmale: 2,089,936female: 1,964,090 (2009 est.)
Palaumale: 207female: 214 (2009 est.)
Panamamale: 31,089female: 29,939 (2009 est.)
Papua New Guineamale: 64,636female: 62,803 (2009 est.)
Paraguaymale: 73,660female: 72,046 (2009 est.)
Perumale: 310,575female: 300,838 (2009 est.)
Philippinesmale: 1,023,431female: 986,434 (2009 est.)
Polandmale: 246,667female: 235,698 (2009 est.)
Portugalmale: 64,047female: 57,630 (2009 est.)
Puerto Ricomale: 30,422female: 29,396 (2009 est.)
Qatarmale: 6,337female: 5,059 (2009 est.)
Romaniamale: 124,356female: 118,430 (2009 est.)
Russiamale: 741,692female: 706,081 (2009 est.)
Rwandamale: 106,741female: 106,935 (2009 est.)
Saint Barthelemymale: 21female: 20 (2009 est.)
Saint Helenamale: 47female: 45 (2009 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevismale: 376female: 362 (2009 est.)
Saint Luciamale: 1,607female: 1,511 (2009 est.)
Saint Martinmale: 177female: 162 (2009 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelonmale: 61female: 57 (2009 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadinesmale: 1,020female: 1,009 (2009 est.)
Samoamale: 2,597female: 2,477 (2009 est.)
San Marinomale: 161female: 160 (2009 est.)
Sao Tome and Principemale: 2,534female: 2,485 (2009 est.)
Saudi Arabiamale: 278,179female: 267,905 (2009 est.)
Senegalmale: 154,249female: 153,679 (2009 est.)
Serbiamale: 44,601female: 41,845 (2009 est.)
Seychellesmale: 714female: 685 (2009 est.)
Sierra Leonemale: 71,524female: 75,491 (2009 est.)
Singaporemale: 27,715female: 26,290 (2009 est.)
Slovakiamale: 36,552female: 34,783 (2009 est.)
Sloveniamale: 10,192female: 9,717 (2009 est.)
Solomon Islandsmale: 7,091female: 6,837 (2009 est.)
Somaliamale: 93,763female: 93,738 (2009 est.)
South Africamale: 511,616female: 510,540 (2009 est.)
Spainmale: 199,124female: 187,224 (2009 est.)
Sri Lankamale: 173,256female: 167,645 (2009 est.)
Sudanmale: 498,376female: 479,005 (2009 est.)
Surinamemale: 4,251female: 4,265 (2009 est.)
Swazilandmale: 15,985female: 15,754 (2009 est.)
Swedenmale: 62,262female: 59,340 (2009 est.)
Switzerlandmale: 48,076female: 44,049 (2009 est.)
Syriamale: 213,513female: 201,055 (2009 est.)
Taiwanmale: 165,738female: 154,123 (2009 est.)
Tajikistanmale: 80,819female: 78,460 (2009 est.)
Tanzaniamale: 487,742female: 489,462 (2009 est.)
Thailandmale: 532,977female: 510,737 (2009 est.)
Timor-Lestemale: 12,887female: 12,529 (2009 est.)
Togomale: 70,775female: 70,051 (2009 est.)
Tongamale: 1,458female: 1,403 (2009 est.)
Trinidad and Tobagomale: 9,183female: 8,662 (2009 est.)
Tunisiamale: 100,478female: 94,055 (2009 est.)
Turkeymale: 692,592female: 663,689 (2009 est.)
Turkmenistanmale: 57,021female: 56,064 (2009 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islandsmale: 226female: 218 (2009 est.)
Tuvalumale: 125female: 121 (2009 est.)
Ugandamale: 399,134female: 395,505 (2009 est.)
Ukrainemale: 269,311female: 257,656 (2009 est.)
United Arab Emiratesmale: 26,659female: 23,793 (2009 est.)
United Kingdommale: 393,892female: 376,351 (2009 est.)
United Statesmale: 2,196,124female: 2,085,085 (2009 est.)
Uruguaymale: 27,452female: 26,479 (2009 est.)
Uzbekistanmale: 313,131female: 310,442 (2009 est.)
Vanuatumale: 2,368female: 2,272 (2009 est.)
Venezuelamale: 276,051female: 274,162 (2009 est.)
Vietnammale: 893,726female: 834,279 (2009 est.)
Virgin Islandsmale: 831female: 873 (2009 est.)
Wallis and Futunamale: 175female: 164 (2009 est.)
West Bankmale: 30,233female: 28,745 (2009 est.)
Western Saharamale: 4,796female: 4,679 (2009 est.)
Yemenmale: 273,624female: 263,402 (2009 est.)
Zambiamale: 149,567female: 148,889 (2009 est.)
Zimbabwemale: 149,592female: 149,717 (2009 est.)
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Field Listing :: Background
This entry usually highlights major historic events and currentissues and may include a statement about one or two key futuretrends.Country
Background
AfghanistanAhmad Shah DURRANI unified the Pashtun tribes andfounded Afghanistan in 1747. The country served as a buffer betweenthe British and Russian empires until it won independence fromnotional British control in 1919. A brief experiment in democracyended in a 1973 coup and a 1978 Communist counter-coup. The SovietUnion invaded in 1979 to support the tottering Afghan Communistregime, touching off a long and destructive war. The USSR withdrewin 1989 under relentless pressure by internationally supportedanti-Communist mujahedin rebels. A series of subsequent civil warssaw Kabul finally fall in 1996 to the Taliban, a hardlinePakistani-sponsored movement that emerged in 1994 to end thecountry's civil war and anarchy. Following the 11 September 2001terrorist attacks in New York City, a US, Allied, and anti-TalibanNorthern Alliance military action toppled the Taliban for shelteringOsama BIN LADIN. The UN-sponsored Bonn Conference in 2001established a process for political reconstruction that included theadoption of a new constitution, a presidential election in 2004, andNational Assembly elections in 2005. In December 2004, Hamid KARZAIbecame the first democratically elected president of Afghanistan andthe National Assembly was inaugurated the following December.Despite gains toward building a stable central government, aresurgent Taliban and continuing provincial instability -particularly in the south and the east - remain serious challengesfor the Afghan Government.
AkrotiriBy terms of the 1960 Treaty of Establishment that createdthe independent Republic of Cyprus, the UK retained full sovereigntyand jurisdiction over two areas of almost 254 square kilometers -Akrotiri and Dhekelia. The southernmost and smallest of these is theAkrotiri Sovereign Base Area, which is also referred to as theWestern Sovereign Base Area.
AlbaniaAlbania declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire in1912, but was conquered by Italy in 1939. Communist partisans tookover the country in 1944. Albania allied itself first with the USSR(until 1960), and then with China (to 1978). In the early 1990s,Albania ended 46 years of xenophobic Communist rule and establisheda multiparty democracy. The transition has proven challenging assuccessive governments have tried to deal with high unemployment,widespread corruption, a dilapidated physical infrastructure,powerful organized crime networks, and combative politicalopponents. Albania has made progress in its democratic developmentsince first holding multiparty elections in 1991, but deficienciesremain. International observers judged elections to be largely freeand fair since the restoration of political stability following thecollapse of pyramid schemes in 1997; however, there have been claimsof electoral fraud in every one of Albania's post-communistelections. In the 2005 general elections, the Democratic Party andits allies won a decisive victory on pledges to reduce crime andcorruption, promote economic growth, and decrease the size ofgovernment. The election, and particularly the orderly transition ofpower, was considered an important step forward. Albania joined NATOin April 2009 and is a potential candidate for EU accession.Although Albania's economy continues to grow, the country is stillone of the poorest in Europe, hampered by a large informal economyand an inadequate energy and transportation infrastructure.
AlgeriaAfter more than a century of rule by France, Algeriansfought through much of the 1950s to achieve independence in 1962.Algeria's primary political party, the National Liberation Front(FLN), has dominated politics ever since. Many Algerians in thesubsequent generation were not satisfied, however, and moved tocounter the FLN's centrality in Algerian politics. The surprisingfirst round success of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in theDecember 1991 balloting spurred the Algerian army to intervene andpostpone the second round of elections to prevent what the secularelite feared would be an extremist-led government from assumingpower. The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FISsupporters to begin attacking government targets. The governmentlater allowed elections featuring pro-government and moderatereligious-based parties, but did not appease the activists whoprogressively widened their attacks. The fighting escalated into aninsurgency, which saw intense fighting between 1992-98 and whichresulted in over 100,000 deaths - many attributed to indiscriminatemassacres of villagers by extremists. The government gained theupper hand by the late-1990s and FIS's armed wing, the IslamicSalvation Army, disbanded in January 2000. However, small numbers ofarmed militants persist in confronting government forces andconducting ambushes and occasional attacks on villages. The armyplaced Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA in the presidency in 1999 in afraudulent election but claimed neutrality in his 2004 landslidereelection victory. Longstanding problems continue to faceBOUTEFLIKA in his second term, including large-scale unemployment, ashortage of housing, unreliable electrical and water supplies,government inefficiencies and corruption, and the continuingactivities of extremist militants. The Salafist Group for Preachingand Combat (GSPC) in 2006 merged with al-Qaida to form al-Qaida inthe Lands of the Islamic Maghreb, which since has launched anongoing series of kidnappings and bombings - including high-profile,mass-casualty suicide attacks targeted against the Algeriangovernment and Western interests. Algeria must also diversify itspetroleum-based economy, which has yielded a large cash reserve butwhich has not been used to redress Algeria's many social andinfrastructure problems.
American SamoaSettled as early as 1000 B.C., Samoa was "discovered"by European explorers in the 18th century. International rivalriesin the latter half of the 19th century were settled by an 1899treaty in which Germany and the US divided the Samoan archipelago.The US formally occupied its portion - a smaller group of easternislands with the excellent harbor of Pago Pago - the following year.
AndorraFor 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under aunique co-principality, ruled by French and Spanish leaders (from1607 onward, the French chief of state and the Spanish bishop ofUrgel). In 1993, this feudal system was modified with the titularheads of state retained, but the government transformed into aparliamentary democracy. Long isolated and impoverished, mountainousAndorra achieved considerable prosperity since World War II throughits tourist industry. Many immigrants (legal and illegal) areattracted to the thriving economy with its lack of income taxes.
AngolaAngola is rebuilding its country after the end of a 27-yearcivil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for theLiberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and theNational Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led byJonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peaceseemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections, butfighting picked up again by 1996. Up to 1.5 million lives may havebeen lost - and 4 million people displaced - in the quarter centuryof fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency andstrengthened the MPLA's hold on power. President DOS SANTOS heldlegislative elections in September 2008, and announced plans to holdpresidential elections in 2009.
AnguillaColonized by English settlers from Saint Kitts in 1650,Anguilla was administered by Great Britain until the early 19thcentury, when the island - against the wishes of the inhabitants -was incorporated into a single British dependency along with SaintKitts and Nevis. Several attempts at separation failed. In 1971, twoyears after a revolt, Anguilla was finally allowed to secede; thisarrangement was formally recognized in 1980 with Anguilla becoming aseparate British dependency.
AntarcticaSpeculation over the existence of a "southern land" wasnot confirmed until the early 1820s when British and Americancommercial operators and British and Russian national expeditionsbegan exploring the Antarctic Peninsula region and other areas southof the Antarctic Circle. Not until 1840 was it established thatAntarctica was indeed a continent and not just a group of islands.Several exploration "firsts" were achieved in the early 20thcentury. Following World War II, there was an upsurge in scientificresearch on the continent. A number of countries have set up a rangeof year-round and seasonal stations, camps, and refuges to supportscientific research in Antarctica. Seven have made territorialclaims, but not all countries recognize these claims. In order toform a legal framework for the activities of nations on thecontinent, an Antarctic Treaty was negotiated that neither deniesnor gives recognition to existing territorial claims; signed in1959, it entered into force in 1961.
Antigua and BarbudaThe Siboney were the first to inhabit theislands of Antigua and Barbuda in 2400 B.C., but Arawak Indianspopulated the islands when COLUMBUS landed on his second voyage in1493. Early settlements by the Spanish and French were succeeded bythe English who formed a colony in 1667. Slavery, established to runthe sugar plantations on Antigua, was abolished in 1834. The islandsbecame an independent state within the British Commonwealth ofNations in 1981.
Arctic OceanThe Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's fiveoceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, andthe recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (USand Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are twoimportant seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river,and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean.
ArgentinaIn 1816, the United Provinces of the Rio Plata declaredtheir independence from Spain. After Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguaywent their separate ways, the area that remained became Argentina.The country's population and culture were heavily shaped byimmigrants from throughout Europe, but most particularly Italy andSpain, which provided the largest percentage of newcomers from 1860to 1930. Up until about the mid-20th century, much of Argentina'shistory was dominated by periods of internal political conflictbetween Federalists and Unitarians and between civilian and militaryfactions. After World War II, an era of Peronist populism and directand indirect military interference in subsequent governments wasfollowed by a military junta that took power in 1976. Democracyreturned in 1983 after a failed bid to seize the Falkland (Malvinas)Islands by force, and has persisted despite numerous challenges, themost formidable of which was a severe economic crisis in 2001-02that led to violent public protests and the resignation of severalinterim presidents.
ArmeniaArmenia prides itself on being the first nation to formallyadopt Christianity (early 4th century). Despite periods of autonomy,over the centuries Armenia came under the sway of various empiresincluding the Roman, Byzantine, Arab, Persian, and Ottoman. DuringWorld War I in the western portion of Armenia, Ottoman Turkeyinstituted a policy of forced resettlement coupled with other harshpractices that resulted in an estimated 1 million Armenian deaths.The eastern area of Armenia was ceded by the Ottomans to Russia in1828; this portion declared its independence in 1918, but wasconquered by the Soviet Red Army in 1920. Armenian leaders remainpreoccupied by the long conflict with Azerbaijan overNagorno-Karabakh, a primarily Armenian-populated region, assigned toSoviet Azerbaijan in the 1920s by Moscow. Armenia and Azerbaijanbegan fighting over the area in 1988; the struggle escalated afterboth countries attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.By May 1994, when a cease-fire took hold, ethnic Armenian forcesheld not only Nagorno-Karabakh but also a significant portion ofAzerbaijan proper. The economies of both sides have been hurt bytheir inability to make substantial progress toward a peacefulresolution. Turkey closed the common border with Armenia because ofthe Armenian separatists' control of Nagorno-Karabakh andsurrounding areas.
ArubaDiscovered and claimed for Spain in 1499, Aruba was acquiredby the Dutch in 1636. The island's economy has been dominated bythree main industries. A 19th century gold rush was followed byprosperity brought on by the opening in 1924 of an oil refinery. Thelast decades of the 20th century saw a boom in the tourism industry.Aruba seceded from the Netherlands Antilles in 1986 and became aseparate, autonomous member of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.Movement toward full independence was halted at Aruba's request in1990.
Ashmore and Cartier IslandsThese uninhabited islands came underAustralian authority in 1931; formal administration began two yearslater. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marinehabitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. CartierIsland, a former bombing range, became a marine reserve in 2000.
Atlantic OceanThe Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of theworld's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, but larger than theIndian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean). The Kiel Canal(Germany), Oresund (Denmark-Sweden), Bosporus (Turkey), Strait ofGibraltar (Morocco-Spain), and the Saint Lawrence Seaway (Canada-US)are important strategic access waterways. The decision by theInternational Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 todelimit a fifth world ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portionof the Atlantic Ocean south of 60 degrees south latitude.
AustraliaAboriginal settlers arrived on the continent fromSoutheast Asia about 40,000 years before the first Europeans beganexploration in the 17th century. No formal territorial claims weremade until 1770, when Capt. James COOK took possession in the nameof Great Britain. Six colonies were created in the late 18th and19th centuries; they federated and became the Commonwealth ofAustralia in 1901. The new country took advantage of its naturalresources to rapidly develop agricultural and manufacturingindustries and to make a major contribution to the British effort inWorld Wars I and II. In recent decades, Australia has transformeditself into an internationally competitive, advanced market economy.It boasted one of the OECD's fastest growing economies during the1990s, a performance due in large part to economic reforms adoptedin the 1980s. Long-term concerns include climate-change issues suchas the depletion of the ozone layer and more frequent droughts, andmanagement and conservation of coastal areas, especially the GreatBarrier Reef.