CubaCuban Communist Party or PCC [Fidel CASTRO Ruz, first secretary]
Cyprusarea under government control: Democratic Party or DIKO[Marios KAROYIAN]; Democratic Rally or DISY [Nikos ANASTASIADES];European Party or EURO.KO [Demetris SYLLOURIS]; Fighting DemocraticMovement or ADIK [Dinos MIKHAILIDES]; Green Party of Cyprus [GeorgePERDIKIS]; Movement for Social Democrats or EDEK [Yiannakis OMIROU];Progressive Party of the Working People or AKEL (Communist Party)[Andros KYPRIANOU]; United Democrats or EDI [Michalis PAPAPETROU]area administered by Turkish Cypriots: Centrist Party or HP [RasitPERTEV]; Communal Democracy Party or TDP [Mehmet CAKICIL]; CyprusSocialist Party or KSP [Yusuf ALKIM]; Democratic Party or DP [SerderDENKTASH]; Freedom and Reform Party or ORP [Turgay AVCI]; NationalUnity Party or UBP [Dervis EROGLU]; Nationalist Justice Party or MAP[Ata TEPE]; New Cyprus Party or YKP [Murat KANATLI]; Politics forthe People Party or HIS [Ahmet YONLUER]; Republican Turkish Party orCTP [Ferdi Sabit SOYER]; United Cyprus Party or BKP [Izzet IZCAN]
Czech RepublicAssociation of Independent Candidates-EuropeanDemocrats or SNK-ED [Helmut DOHNALEK]; Christian DemocraticUnion-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL [Jiri CUNEK]; CivicDemocratic Party or ODS [Mirek TOPOLANEK]; Communist Party ofBohemia and Moravia or KSCM [Vojtech FILIP]; Czech Social DemocraticParty or CSSD [Jiri PAROUBEK]; Free Citizens' Party or SSO [PetrMACH]; Green Party [Martin BURSIK]; Independent Democrats (NEZDEM)[Vladimir ZELEZNY]; Party of Open Society (SOS) [Pavel NOVACEK];Path of Change [Jiri LOBKOWITZ]; Union of Freedom-Democratic Unionor US-DEU [Jan CERNY]
DenmarkChristian Democrats [Bjarne Hartung KIRKEGAARD] (wasChristian People's Party); Conservative Party [Lene ESPERSEN](sometimes known as Conservative People's Party); Danish People'sParty [Pia KJAERSGAARD]; Liberal Party [Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN];Liberal Alliance [Naser KHADER](formerly known as New Alliance);Red-Green Unity List (Alliance) [collective leadership] (blocincludes Left Socialist Party, Communist Party of Denmark, SocialistWorkers' Party); Social Democratic Party [Helle THORNING-SCHMIDT];Social Liberal Party [Margrethe VESTAGER]; Socialist People's Party[Villy SOEVNDAL]
DjiboutiDemocratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh];Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; DjiboutiDevelopment Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]; Front pour laRestauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD];People's Progress Assembly or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governingparty); Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Moumin BahdonFARAH]; Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD [Ahmed YOUSSOUF];Union for a Presidential Majority or UMP (a coalition of partiesincluding RPP, FRUD, PND, and PPSD) [Mohamed Dileita DILEITA]; Unionfor Democracy and Justice or UDJ
DominicaDominica Freedom Party or DFP [Charles SAVARIN]; DominicaLabor Party or DLP [Roosevelt SKERRIT]; Dominica United WorkersParty or UWP [Earl WILLIAMS]
Dominican RepublicDominican Liberation Party or PLD [LeonelFERNANDEZ Reyna]; Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [RamonALBURQUERQUE]; National Progressive Front [Vincent CASTILLO,Pelegrin CASTILLO]; Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC[Enrique ANTUN]
EcuadorAlianza PAIS Movement [Rafael Vicente CORREA Delgado];Christian Democratic Union or UDC [Diego ORDONEZ Guerrero];Democratic Left or ID [Andres PAEZ Benalcazar]; Ethical andDemocratic Network or RED [Leon ROLDOS]; Institutional Renewal andNational Action Party or PRIAN [Alvaro NOBOA]; PachakutikPlurinational Unity Movement - New Country or MUPP-NP [JorgeGUAMAN]; Patriotic Society Party or PSP [Lucio GUTIERREZ Borbua];Popular Democratic Movement or MPD [Ciro GUZMAN Aldaz]; RoldosistParty or PRE [Abdala BUCARAM Ortiz, director]; Social ChristianParty or PSC [Pascual DEL CIOPPO]; Socialist Party - Broad Front orPS-FA [Gustavo AYALA Cruz]
EgyptNational Democratic Party or NDP (governing party) [MohamedHosni MUBARAK]; National Progressive Unionist Grouping or Tagammu[Rifaat EL-SAID]; New Wafd Party or NWP [Mahmoud ABAZA]; TomorrowParty [Moussa Mustafa MOUSSA]note: formation of political parties must be approved by thegovernment; only parties with representation in elected bodies arelisted
El SalvadorChristian Democratic Party or PDC [Rodolfo PARKER];Democratic Convergence or CD [Hector DADA HIREZI] (formerly UnitedDemocratic Center or CDU); Farabundo Marti National Liberation Frontor FMLN [Medardo GONZALEZ]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [CiroCRUZ ZEPEDA]; Nationalist Republican Alliance or ARENA [RodrigoAVILA]; Popular Social Christian Party or PPSC [Rene AGUILUZ];Revolutionary Democratic Front or FDR [Julio Cesar HERNANDEZ Carcamo]
Equatorial GuineaConvergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS[Placido MICO Abogo]; Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE(ruling party) [Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO]; Electoral Coalitionor EC; Party for Progress of Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [SeveroMOTO]; Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [AvelinoMOCACHE]; Popular Union or UP
EritreaPeople's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ [ISAIASAfworki] (the only party recognized by the government); note - aNational Assembly committee drafted a law on political parties inJanuary 2001, but the full National Assembly has yet to debate orvote on it
EstoniaCenter Party of Estonia (Keskerakond) [Edgar SAVISAAR];Estonian Greens (Rohelised) [Marek STRANDBERG]; Estonian People'sUnion (Rahvaliit) [Villu REILJAN]; Estonian Reform Party(Reformierakond) [Andrus ANSIP]; Social Democratic Party (formerlyPeople's Party Moodukad or Moderates) [Ivari PADAR]; Union of ProPatria and Res Publica (Isamaa je Res Publica Liit) [Mart LAAR]
EthiopiaAfar National Democratic Party or ANDP [Mohammed Kedir];Benishangul Gumuz People's Democratic Unity Front or BGPDUF[Mulualem BESSE]; Coalition for Unity and Democratic Party or CUDP;Gurage Nationalities' Democratic Movement or GNDM; Oromo FederalistDemocratic Movement or OFDM [BULCHA Demeksa]; Omoro People'sCongress or OPC [IMERERA Gudina]; Somali People's Democratic Partyor SPDP; United Ethiopian Democratic Forces or UEDF [BEYENE Petros]
European UnionConfederal Group of the European United Left-NordicGreen Left or GUE/NGL [Francis WURTZ]; European People'sParty-European Democrats or EPP-ED [Joseph DAUL]; Group of theAlliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe or ALDE [Graham R.WATSON]; Group of Greens/European Free Alliance or Greens/EFA[Monica FRASSONI and Daniel Marc COHN-BENDIT]; Identity, Tradition,Sovereignty Group or ITS [Bruno GOLLNISCH]; Independence/DemocracyGroup or IND/DEM [Hanne DAHL and Nigel FARAGE]; Socialist Group inthe European Parliament or PES [Martin SCHULZ]; Union for Europe ofthe Nations Group or UEN [Brian CROWLEY and Cristiana MUSCARDINI]
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)none; all independents
Faroe IslandsCenter Party [Jenis A. RANA]; Independence Party [KariP. HOJGAARD]; People's Party [Jorgen NICLASEN]; Republican Party[Hogni HOYDAL]; Social Democratic Party [Joannes EIDESGAARD];Self-Government Party [Kari P. HOJGAARD]; Union Party [Kaj LeoJOHANNESEN]
FijiDodonu Ni Taukei Party or DNT [Fereti S. DEWA]; Fiji DemocraticParty or FDP [Filipe BOLE] (a merger of the Christian DemocratAlliance or VLV [Poesci Waqalevu BUNE], Fijian Association Party orFAP, Fijian Political Party or SVT (primarily Fijian) [SitiveniRABUKA], and New Labor Unity Party or NLUP [Ofa SWANN]); Fiji LaborParty or FLP [Mahendra CHAUDHRY]; General Voters Party or GVP(became part of United General Party); Girmit Heritage Party or GHP;Justice and Freedom Party or AIM; Lio 'On Famor Rotuma Party or LFR;National Federation Party or NFP (primarily Indian) [Pramond RAE];Nationalist Vanua Takolavo Party or NVTLP [Saula TELAWA]; Party ofNational Unity or PANU [Ponipate LESAVUA]; Party of the Truth orPOTT; United Fiji Party/Sogosogo Duavata ni Lewenivanua or SDL[Laisenia QARASE]; United Peoples Party or UPP [Millis Mick BEDDOES]
FinlandCenter Party or Kesk [Matti VANHANEN]; Christian Democratsor KD [Paivi RASANEN]; Green Party or VIHR [Tarja CRONBERG]; LeftAlliance or VAS [Martti KORHONEN] (composed of People's DemocraticLeague and Democratic Alternative); National Coalition Party(conservative) or Kok [Jyrki KATAINEN]; Social Democratic Party orSDP [Jutta URPILAINEN]; Swedish People's Party or SFP [StefanWALLIN]; True Finns [Timo SOINI]
FranceCommunist, Republican and Citizen or CRC; Democratic Movementor MoDem [Francois BAYROU] (previously Union for French Democracy orUDF); Democratic and Social European Rally or RDSE [Yvon COLLIN](mainly Radical Republican and Socialist Parties, and PRG); FrenchCommunist Party or PCF [Marie-George BUFFET]; Greens [CecileDUFLOT]; Left Radical Party or PRG [Jean-Michel BAYLET] (previouslyRadical Socialist Party or PRS and the Left Radical Movement orMRG); Movement for France or MPF [Philippe DE VILLIERS]; NationalFront or FN [Jean-Marie LE PEN]; New Center or NC [Herve MORIN];Radical Party [Jean-Louis BORLOO]; Rally for France or RPF [CharlesPASQUA]; Republican and Citizen Movement or MRC [Jean PierreCHEVENEMENT and Georges SARRE]; Socialist Party or PS [MartineAUBRY]; Union Centrist-UDF or UC-UDF [Michel MERCIER]; Union for aPopular Movement or UMP [Xavier BERTRAND]
French PolynesiaAlliance for a New Democracy or ADN [Nicole BOUTEAUand Philip SCHYLE](includes the parties The New Star and ThisCountry is Yours); Independent Front for the Liberation of Polynesia(Tavini Huiraatira) [Oscar TEMARU]; New Fatherland Party (Ai'a Api)[Emile VERNAUDON]; Our Home alliance; Popular Rally (TahoeraaHuiraatira) [Gaston FLOSSE]; Union for Democracy alliance or UPD[Oscar TEMARU]
GabonCircle of Liberal Reformers or CLR [General Jean BonifaceASSELE]; Congress for Democracy and Justice or CDJ [Jules AristideBourdes OGOULIGUENDE]; Democratic and Republican Alliance or ADERE[Divungui-di-Ndinge DIDJOB]; Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG(former sole party) [Simplice Nguedet MANZELA]; Gabonese Party forProgress or PGP [Benoit Mouity NZAMBA]; Gabonese Union for Democracyand Development or UGDD [Zacherie MYBOTO]; National Rally ofWoodcutters or RNB; National Rally of Woodcutters-Rally for Gabon orRNB-RPG (Bucherons) [Fr. Paul M'BA-ABESSOLE]; Party of Developmentand Social Solidarity or PDS [Seraphin Ndoat REMBOGO]; People'sUnity Party or PUP [Louis Gaston MAYILA]; Social Democratic Party orPSD [Pierre Claver MAGANGA-MOUSSAVOU]; Union for Democracy andSocial Integration or UDIS; Union of Gabonese Patriots or UPG[Pierre MAMBOUNDOU]
Gambia, TheAlliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction orAPRC (the ruling party) [Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH]; Gambia People'sDemocratic Party or GPDP [Henry GOMEZ]; National Alliance forDemocracy and Development or NADD [Halifa SALLAH]; NationalConvention Party or NCP [Sheriff DIBBA]; National ReconciliationParty or NRP [Hamat N. K. BAH]; People's Democratic Organization forIndependence and Socialism or PDOIS [Halifa SALLAH]; UnitedDemocratic Party or UDP [Ousainou DARBOE]
GeorgiaChristian Democratic Movement [Giorgi TARGAMADZE];Democratic Movement United Georgia [Nino BURJANADZE]; GeorgianPeople's Front [Nodar NATADZE]; Georgian United Communist Party orUCPG [Panteleimon GIORGADZE]; Georgia's Way Party [SalomeZOURABICHVILI]; Greens [Giorgi GACHECHILADZE]; Industry Will SaveGeorgia (Industrialists) or IWSG [Georgi TOPADZE]; Labor Party[Shalva NATELASHVILI]; National Council-New Rights (bloc formingjoint opposition) [Levan GACHECHILADZE]; National Democratic Partyor NDP [Bachuki KARDAVA]; United National Movement [MikheilSAAKASHVILI]; New Rights [David GAMKRELIDZE]; Republican Party[David USUPASHVILI]; Socialist Party or SPG [Irakli MINDELI];Traditionalists [Akaki ASATIANI]; Union of NationalForces-Conservatives [Koba DAVITASHVILI and Zviad DZIDZIGURI]
GermanyAlliance '90/Greens [Claudia ROTH and Cem OZDEMIR];Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Angela MERKEL]; Christian SocialUnion or CSU [Horst SEEHOFER]; Free Democratic Party or FDP [GuidoWESTERWELLE]; Left Party or Die Linke [Lothar BISKY and OskarLAFONTAINE]; Social Democratic Party or SPD [Franz MUENTEFERING]
GhanaConvention People's Party or CPP [Ladi NYLANDER]; DemocraticFreedom Party or DFP [Alhaji Abudu Rahman ISSAKAH]; Every GhanaianLiving Everywhere or EGLE; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP[Dan LARTEY]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. KwabenaADJEI]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Peter MAC-MANU]; People'sNational Convention or PNC [Alhaji Amed RAMADAN]; Reform Party[Kyeretwie OPUKU]; United Renaissance Party or URP [Charles WAYO]
GibraltarGibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar SocialDemocrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party orGSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]
GreeceCoalition of the Radical Left or SYRIZA [Alekos ALAVANOS];Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist) [Gr. KONSTANTOPOULOS]; CommunistParty of Greece or KKE [Aleka PAPARIGA]; Democratic Revival [SteliosPAPATHEMELIS]; Democratic Universal Hellas [Stergio KRIKELISI];Ecologist Greens [Ioanna KONTOULI]; Fighting Socialist Party [NikosKARGOPOULOS]; Greek Ecologists [Dimosthenis VERGIS]; LiberalAlliance [Foris PERIKOS]; Liberal Party [Manolis KALIGIANNIS];Light-Truth-Justice [Konstantinos MELISSOURGOS]; New Democracy or ND[Konstandinos KARAMANLIS]; Organization for the Reconstruction ofthe Communist Party of Greece [Ilias ZAFIROPOULOS]; PanhellenicSocialist Movement or PASOK [Yiorgos PAPANDREOU]; Popular OrthodoxRally or LAOS [Yeoryios KARATZAFERIS]; Radical Left Front [D.DESILLAS]; Regional Urban Development [Nikolaos KOLITIS]; SalvationParty Christian Democracy [Alkiviadis STOILIS]; Union of Centrists[Vassilis LEVENTIS]; United Anti-Capitalist Left [KonstantinosPAPDAKIS]
GreenlandAtassut Party (Solidarity) [Finn KARLSEN] (a conservativeparty favoring continuing close relations with Denmark); Demokratiit[Per BERTHELSEN]; Inuit Ataqatigiit or IA (Eskimo Brotherhood)[Josef MOTZFELDT] (a leftist party favoring complete independencefrom Denmark rather than home rule); Kattusseqatigiit (CandidateList) (an independent right-of-center party with no officialplatform); Siumut (Forward Party) [Hans ENOKSEN] (a socialdemocratic party advocating more distinct Greenlandic identity andgreater autonomy from Denmark)
GrenadaGrenada United Labor Party or GULP [Gloria Payne BANFIELD];National Democratic Congress or NDC [Tillman THOMAS]; New NationalParty or NNP [Keith MITCHELL]
GuamDemocratic Party [leader Michael PHILLIPS]; Republican Party[Philip J. FLORES] (controls the legislature)
GuatemalaCenter of Social Action or CASA [Eduardo SUGER]; DemocracyFront or FRENTE [Alfonso CABRERA]; Democratic Union or UD [ManuelCONDE Orellana]; Encounter for Guatemala or EG [Nineth MONTENGRO];Grand National Alliance or GANA [Alfredo VILLA]; Guatemalan NationalRevolutionary Unity or URNG [Hector NUILA]; Guatemalan RepublicanFront or FRG [Efrain RIOS Montt]; National Advancement Party or PAN[Juan Guillermo GUTIERREZ]; National Unity for Hope or UNE [JuanJose ALFARO Lemus]; Nationalist Change Union or UCN [Mario ESTRADA];Patriot Party or PP [Ret. Gen. Otto PEREZ Molina]; Unionista Partyor PU [Fritz GARCIA-GALLONT]
Guernseynone; all independents
GuineaNational Union for Progress or UPN [Mamadou Bhoye BARRY];Party for Unity and Progress or PUP (the governing party) [SekouKONATE]; People's Party of Guinea or PPG [Charles Pascal TOLNO];Rally for the Guinean People or RPG [Alpha CONDE]; Union ofDemocratic Forces of Guinea or UFDG [Cellou Dalein DIALLO]; Union ofRepublican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE]; Union for Progress of Guineaor UPG [Jean-Marie DORE, secretary-general]; Union for Progress andRenewal or UPR [Ousmane BAH]
Guinea-BissauAfrican Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissauand Cape Verde or PAIGC [Carlos GOMES Junior]; Party for SocialRenewal or PRS [Kumba YALA]; Democratic Alliance or AD [VictorMANDINGA]; Democratic Social Front or FDS [Rafael BARBOSA];Electoral Union or UE [Joaquim BALDE]; Guinea-Bissau CivicForum/Social Democracy or FCGSD [Antonieta Rosa GOMES];Guinea-Bissau Democratic Party or PDG; Guinea-Bissau SocialistDemocratic Party or PDSG [Serifo BALDE]; Labor and Solidarity Partyor PST [Iancuba INDJAI]; New Democracy Party or PND; Party forDemocratic Convergence or PCD [Victor MANDINGA]; Party for Renewaland Progress or PRP; Progress Party or PP; Republican Party forIndependence and Development or PRID [Aristides GOMES]; Union forChange or UM [Amine SAAD]; Union of Guinean Patriots or UPG[Francisca VAZ]; United Platform or UP (coalition formed by PCD,FDS, FLING, and RGB-MB); United Popular Alliance or APU; UnitedSocial Democratic Party or PUSD [Frnacisco FADUL]
GuyanaAlliance for Change or AFC [Raphael TROTMAN and KhemrajRAMJATTAN]; Guyana Action Party or GAP [Paul HARDY]; Justice for AllParty [C.N. SHARMA]; People's National Congress/Reform or PNC/R[Robert Herman Orlando CORBIN]; People's Progressive Party/Civic orPPP/C [Bharrat JAGDEO]; Rise, Organize, and Rebuild or ROAR [RaviDEV]; The United Force or TUF [Manzoor NADIR]; The Unity Party [JoeyJAGAN]; Vision Guyana [Peter RAMSAROOP]; Working People's Allianceor WPA [Rupert ROOPNARAINE]
HaitiArtibonite in Action or LAAA [Youri LATORTUE]; Assembly ofProgressive National Democrats or RDNP [Leslie MANIGAT]; Conventionfor Democratic Unity or KID [Evans PAUL]; Cooperative Action toBuild Haiti or KONBA [Evans LESCOUFALIR]; Democratic Alliance orALYANS [Evans PAUL] (coalition composed of KID and PPRH); Effort andSolidarity to Create an Alternative for the People or ESKAMP [JosephJASME]; For Us All or PONT [Jean-Marie CHERESTAL]; Front for Hope orL'ESPWA [Rene PREVAL] (alliance of ESKAMP, PLB, and grass-rootsorganizations Grand-Anse Resistance Committee, the Central PlateauPeasants' Group, and Kombit Sudest); Haitian Christian DemocraticParty or PDCH [Osner FEVRY and Marie-Denise CLAUDE]; HaitianDemocratic and Reform Movement or MODEREH [Dany TOUSSAINT and PierreSoncon PRINCE]; Heads Together or Tet-Ansanm [Dr. Gerard BLOT];Independent Movement for National Reconciliation or MIRN [LucFLEURINORD]; Justice for Peace and National Development or JPDN[Rigaud DUPLAN]; Fanmi Lavalas or FL [Rudy HERIVEAUX]; Liberal Partyof Haiti or PLH [Gehy MICHEL]; Merging of Haitian Social DemocraticParties or FUSION or FPSDH [Serge GILLES] (coalition of AyitiCapable, Haitian National Revolutionary Party, and National Congressof Democratic Movements); Mobilization for Haiti's Development orMPH [Samir MOURRA]; Mobilization for National Development or MDN[Hubert de RONCERAY]; Movement for National Reconstruction or MRN[Jean Henold BUTEAU]; Movement for the Installation of Democracy inHaiti or MIDH [Marc BAZIN]; National Christian Union for theReconstruction of Haiti or UNCRH [Marie Claude GERMAIN]; NationalFront for the Reconstruction of Haiti or FRN [Guy PHILIPPE]; NewChristian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]; Openthe Gate Party or PLB [Anes LUBIN]; Popular Party for the Renewal ofHaiti or PPRH [Claude ROMAIN]; Struggling People's Organization orOPL [Edgard LEBLANC]; Union of Nationalist and Progressive Haitiansor UNITE [Edouard FRANCISQUE]
Holy See (Vatican City)none
HondurasChristian Democratic Party or PDC [Felicito AVILA];Democratic Unification Party or PUD [Cesar HAM]; Liberal Party or PL[Patricia RODAS]; National Innovation and Unity Party or PINU [JorgeAQUILAR Paredes]; National Party of Honduras or PN [Porfirio LOBO]
Hong KongAssociation for Democracy and People's Livelihood or ADPL[Frederick FUNG Kin-kee]; Civic Party [KUAN Hsin-chi]; DemocraticAlliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong or DAB [TAMYiu Cheng]; Democratic Party [Albert HO Chun-yan]; League of SocialDemocrats [Raymond WONG Yuk-man]; Liberal Party [Miriam LAU Kin-yee]note: political blocs include: pro-democracy - ADPL, Civic Party;Democratic Party, League of Social Democrats; pro-Beijing - DAB,Liberal Party, The Professional Forum (an informal group of threegenerally pro-government and pro-business LegCo members fromfunctional constituencies and one independent elected from ageographic constituency); there is no political party ordinance, sothere are no registered political parties; politically active groupsregister as societies or companies
HungaryAlliance of Free Democrats or SzDSz [Gabor FODOR]; ChristianDemocratic People's Party or KDNP [Zsolt SEMJEN]; Hungarian CivicAlliance or Fidesz [Viktor ORBAN, chairman]; Hungarian DemocraticForum or MDF [Ibolya DAVID]; Hungarian Socialist Party or MSzP[Ildiko LENDVAI]
IcelandCitizens' Movement; Independence Party or IP [BjarniBENEDIKTSSON, Jr.]; Left-Green Movement or LGM [SteingrimurSIGFUSSON]; Liberal Party or LP [Gudjon KRISTJANSSON]; ProgressiveParty or PP [Sigmundur David GUNNLAUGSSON; Social DemocraticAlliance or SDA [Johanna SIGUROARDOTTIR] (includes People's Allianceor PA, Social Democratic Party or SDP, Women's List)
IndiaAll India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or AIADMK [J.JAYALALITHAA]; All India Trinamool Congress or AITC [MamataBANERJEE]; Bahujan Samaj Party or BSP [Kumari MAYAWATI]; BharatiyaJanata Party or BJP [Rajnath SINGH]; Biju Janata Dal or BJD [NaveenPATNAIK]; Communist Party of India or CPI [Ardhendu BhushanBARDHAN]; Communist Party of India-Marxist or CPI-M [Prakash KARAT];Dravida Munnetra Kazagham or DMK [M. KARUNANIDHI]; Indian NationalCongress or INC [Sonia GANDHI]; Janata Dal (United) or JD(U) [SharadYADAV]; Jharkhand Mukti Morcha or JMM [Shibu SOREN]; Left Front (analliance of Indian leftist parties); Lok Jan Shakti Party or LJSP[Ram Vilas PASWAN]; Nationalist Congress Party or NCP [SharadPAWAR]; Pattali Makkal Katchi or PMK [S. RAMADOSS]; Rashtriya JanataDal or RJD [Laloo Prasad YADAV]; Samajwadi Party or SP [MulayamSingh YADAV]; Shiromani Akali Dal or SAD [Parkash Singh BADAL]; ShivSena or SS [Bal THACKERAY]; note - India has dozens of national andregional political parties; only parties or coalitions with four ormore seats in the People's Assembly are listed
IndonesiaDemocrat Party or PD [Hadi UTOMO]; Functional Groups Partyor GOLKAR [Aburizal BAKRIE]; Great Indonesia Movement Party orGERINDRA [WIRANTO]; Indonesia Democratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P[MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri]; National Awakening Party or PKB [MuhaimanISKANDAR]; National Mandate Party or PAN [Sutrisno BACHIR]; People'sConscience Party or HANURA [SUHARDI]; Prosperous Justice Party orPKS [Tifatul SEMBIRING]; United Development Party or PPP[Suryadharma ALI]
Iranformal political parties are a relatively new phenomenon inIran and most conservatives still prefer to work through politicalpressure groups rather than parties; often political parties orcoalitions are formed prior to elections and disbanded soonthereafter; a loose pro-reform coalition called the 2nd KhordadFront, which includes political parties as well as less formalgroups and organizations, achieved considerable success in electionsfor the sixth Majles in early 2000; groups in the coalition includedthe Islamic Iran Participation Front (IIPF), Executives ofConstruction Party (Kargozaran), Solidarity Party, Islamic LaborParty, Mardom Salari, Mojahedin of the Islamic RevolutionOrganization (MIRO), and Militant Clerics Society (Ruhaniyun); thecoalition participated in the seventh Majles elections in early2004; following his defeat in the 2005 presidential elections,former MCS Secretary General and sixth Majles Speaker Mehdi KARUBIformed the National Trust Party; a new conservative group, IslamicIran Developers Coalition (Abadgaran), took a leading position inthe new Majles after winning a majority of the seats in February2004; following the 2004 Majles elections, traditional and hardlineconservatives have attempted to close ranks under the United Frontof Principlists and the Broad Popular Coalition of Principlists;several reformist groups, such as the Islamic Revolution, cametogether as a reformist coalition in advance of the 2008 Majleselections; the IIPF has repeatedly complained that the overwhelmingmajority of its candidates have been unfairly disqualified from the2008 elections
IraqAssyrian Democratic Movement [Yunadim KANNA]; Badr Organization[Hadi al-AMIRI]; Constitutional Monarchy Movement or CMM [Sharif AliBin al-HUSAYN]; Da'wa al-Islamiya Party [Nuri al-MALIKI]; GeneralConference of Iraqi People [Adnan al-DULAYMI]; Independent IraqiAlliance or IIA [Falah al-NAQIB]; Iraqi Communist Party [HamidMAJID]; Iraqi Front for National Dialogue [Salih al-MUTLAQ]; IraqiHizballah [Karim Mahmud al-MUHAMMADAWI]; Iraqi Independent Democratsor IID [Adnan PACHACHI, Mahdi al-HAFIZ]; Iraqi Islamic Party or IIP[Tariq al-HASHIMI]; Iraqi National Accord or INA [Ayad ALLAWI];Iraqi National Congress or INC [Ahmad CHALABI]; Iraqi NationalCouncil for Dialogue or INCD [Khalaf Ulayan al-Khalifawial-DULAYMI]; Iraqi National Unity Movement or INUM [Ahmadal-KUBAYSI]; Islamic Action Organization or IAO [Ayatollah Muhammadal-MUDARRISI]; Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq or ISCI [Abd al-Azizal-HAKIM]; Jama'at al Fadilah or JAF [Muhammad Ali al-YAQUBI];Kurdistan Democratic Party or KDP [Masud BARZANI]; Kurdistan IslamicUnion [Salah ad-Din Muhammad BAHA al-DIN]; Patriotic Union ofKurdistan or PUK [Jalal TALABANI]; Sadrist Trend [Muqtada al-SADR](not an organized political party, but it fields independentcandidates affiliated with Muqtada al-SADR); Sahawa al-Iraq [Ahmadal-RISHAWI]note: the Kurdistan Alliance, Iraqi National List, Tawafuq Front,Iraqi Front for National Dialogue, and Unified Iraqi Alliance wereonly electoral slates consisting of the representatives from thevarious Iraqi political parties
IrelandFianna Fail [Brian COWEN]; Fine Gael [Enda KENNY]; GreenParty [John GORMLEY]; Labor Party [Eamon GILMORE]; ProgressiveDemocrats [Ciaran CANNON] (disbanding); Sinn Fein [Gerry ADAMS];Socialist Party [Joe HIGGINS]; The Workers' Party [Mick FINNEGAN]
Isle of ManAlliance for Progressive Government; Liberal VanninParty [Peter KARRAN]; Man Labor Party; Man Nationalist Party (MecVannin) [Bernard MOFFATT]note: most members sit as independents
IsraelBalad [Azmi BISHARA]; Democratic Front for Peace and Equality(HADASH) [Muhammad BARAKEH]; Kadima [Tzipora "Tzipi" LIVNI]; LaborParty [Ehud BARAK]; Likud [Binyamin NETANYAHU]; National Union[Yaakov KATZ]; The Jewish Home (HaBayit HaYehudi) [DanielHERSCHKOWITZ]; SHAS [Eliyahu YISHAI]; The New Movement-Meretz [HaimORON]; United Arab List-Ta'al [Ibrahim SARSUR]; United Torah Judaismor UTJ [Yaakov LITZMAN]; Yisrael Beiteinu or YB [Avigdor LIEBERMAN]
ItalySilvio BERLUSCONI coalition: People of Freedom or PdL [SilvioBERLUSCONI]; Lega Nord or LN [Umberto BOSSI]; Movement for Autonomyor MpA [Raffaele LOMBARDO]Walter VELTRONI coalition: Democratic Party or PD [Walter VELTRONI];Italy of Values or IdV [Antonio DI PIETRO]other non-allied parties: Union of the Center or UdC [SavinoPEZZOTTA]
JamaicaJamaica Labor Party or JLP [Bruce GOLDING]; People'sNational Party or PNP [Portia SIMPSON-MILLER]; National DemocraticMovement or NDM [Michael WILLIAMS]
JapanDemocratic Party of Japan or DPJ [Yukio HATOYAMA]; JapanCommunist Party or JCP [Kazuo SHII]; Komeito [Natsuo YAMAGUCHI];Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Sadakazu TANIGAKI]; SocialDemocratic Party or SDP [Mizuho FUKUSHIMA]
Jerseytwo declared parties: Centre Party; Jersey Democratic Alliancenote: all senators and deputies elected in 2008 were independents
JordanArab Ba'ath Socialist Party [Fuad DABBOUR]; Ba'ath ArabProgressive Party [Tayseer al-HAMSI]; Call Party [Mohammed AbuBAKR]; Democratic People's Party [Ahmad Yusuf 'ALIYA]; DemocraticPopular Unity Party [Sa'ed DIAB]; Islamic Action Front or IAF [Ishaqal-FARHAN]; Islamic Center Party [Marwan al-FA'OURI; JordanianCommunist Party [Munir HAMARNEH]; Jordanian National Party [Mona AbuBAKR]; Jordanian United Front [Amjad al-MAJALI]; Life Party [Thaher'AMROU]; Message Party [Hazem QASHOU]; National Constitution Party[Ahmed al-SHUNAQ]; National Movement for Direct Democracy [Mohammedal-QAQ];
KazakhstanAdilet (Justice) [Maksut NARIKBAYEV, ZeynullaALSHIMBAYEV, Serik ABDRAHMANOV, Bakhytbek AKHMETZHAN, YerkinONGARBAYEV, Tolegan SYDYKOV] (formerly Democratic Party ofKazakhstan); Agrarian and Industrial Union of Workers Block or AIST(Agrarian Party and Civic Party); Ak Zhol Party (Bright Path)[Alikhan BAIMENOV]; Alga [Vladimir KOZLOV] (unregistered); Auyl(Village) [Gani KALIYEV]; Azat Party (formerly True Ak Zhol Party)[Bolat ABILOV]; Communist Party of Kazakhstan or KPK [SerikbolsynABDILDIN]; Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan [VladislavKOSAREV]; National Social Democratic Party (NSDP)[ZharmakhanTUYAKBAY]; Nur-Otan [Bakhytzhan ZHUMAGULOV] (the Agrarian, Asar, andCivic parties merged with Otan); Patriots' Party [Gani KASYMOV];Rukhaniyat (Spirituality) [Altynshash ZHAGANOVA]
KenyaForum for the Restoration of Democracy-Kenya or FORD-Kenya[Musikari KOMBO]; Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-People orFORD-People [Reuben OYONDI]; Kenya African National Union or KANU[Uhuru KENYATTA]; National Rainbow Coalition-Kenya or NARC-Kenya[Martha KARUA]; Orange Democratic Movement or ODM [Raila ODINGA];Orange Democratic Movement-Kenya or ODM-K [Kalonzo MUSYOKA]; Partyof National Unity or PNU [Mwai KIBAKI]; Shirikisho Party of Kenya orSPK [Chirau Ali MWAKWERE]
KiribatiBoutokaan Te Koaua Party or BTK [Taberannang TIMEON];Maneaban Te Mauri Party or MTM [Teburoro TITO]; Maurin Kiribati Patior MKP; National Progressive Party or NPP [Dr. Harry TONG]note: there is no tradition of formally organized political partiesin Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groupsbecause they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or partystructures
Korea, Northmajor party - Korean Workers' Party or KWP [KIM JongIl]; minor parties - Chondoist Chongu Party [RYU Mi Yong] (under KWPcontrol), Social Democratic Party [KIM Yong Dae] (under KWP control)
Korea, SouthDemocratic Party or DP [CHUNG Sye-kyun] (formerly theUnited Democratic Party or UDP); Democratic Labor Party or DLP [KANGKi-kabi]; Grand National Party or GNP [CHUNG Mong-joon]; LibertyForward Party or LFP [LEE Hoi-chang]; Pro-Park Alliance or PPA [SUHChoung-won]; Renewal Korea Party or RKP [MOON Kook-hyun]
KosovoAlbanian Christian Democratic Party of Kosovo or PShDK [TomeMARKU]; Alliance for the Future of Kosovo or AAK [Ramush HARADINAJ];Alliance for a New Kosovo or AKR [Behgjet PACOLLI]; Alliance ofIndependent Social Democrats of Kosovo and Metohija or SDSKIM[Slavisa PETKOVIC]; Autonomous Liberal Party of SLS [SlobodanPETROVIC]; Bosniak Vakat Coalition [Dzezair MURATI]; Citizens'Initiative of Gora or GIG [Murselj HALJILJI]; Council of IndependentSocial Democrats of Kosovo or SNSDKIM [Ljubisa ZIVIC]; DemocraticAction Party or SDA [Numan BALIC]; Democratic Ashkali Party ofKosovo or PDAK; Democratic League of Dardania or LDD [Nexhat DACI];Democratic League of Kosovo or LDK [Fatmir SEJDIU]; Democratic Partyof Ashkali of Kosovo or PDAK [Sabit RAHMANI]; Democratic Party ofKosovo or PDK [Hashim THACI]; Democratic Party Vatan [Sadik IDRIZI];Democratic Union of Ashkalis or BDA [Sabit RRAHMANI]; Justice Partyor PD [Sylejman QERKEZI]; Kosovo Democratic Turkish Party of KDTP[Mahir YAGCILAR]; Liberal Party of Kosovo or PLK [Gjergi DEDAJ]; NewDemocratic Initiative of Kosovo or IRDK [Xhevdet NEZIRAJ]; NewDemocratic Party or ND [Branislav GRBIC]; New Kosovo Alliance or AKR[Behxhet PACOLLI]; Popular Movement of Kosovo or LPK [EmrushXHEMAJLI]; Reform Party Ora [Teuta SAHATCIA]; Serb National Party orSNS [Mihailo SCEPANOVIC]; Serbian Kosovo and Metohija Party or SKMS[Dragisa MIRIC]; Serbian List for Kosovo and Metohija [OliverIVANOVIC]; Social Democratic Party of Kosovo or PSDK [Agim CEKU];United Roma Party of Kosovo or PREBK [Haxhi Zylfi MERXHA]
Kuwaitnone; formation of political parties is in practice illegalbut is not forbidden by law
KyrgyzstanAk Jol (Good Luck) [Avtandil ARABAEV, Elmira IBRAIMOVA,Vladimir NIFADYEV, co-chairs]; Ak Shumkar (Gerfalcon) [TemirSARIYEV]; Ar-Namys (Dignity) Party [Emil ALIEV]; Asaba (BannerNational Revival Party) [Sovetbek JAMALDINOV]]; Ata-Meken(Fatherland) [Omurbek TEKEBAEV]; Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstanor DDK [Viktor TCHETRNOMORETS]; Erkindik (Freedom) Party [TopchubekTURGUNALIEV]; For Justice Movement [Alikbek JEKSHENKULOV]; GreenParty [Erkin BULEKBAEV]; Moya Strana (My Country Party of Action)[Medet SADYRKULOV]; Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan or KCP [IskhakMASALIEV]; Party of Justice and Progress [Muratbek IMANALIEV]; Partyof Peasants [Esengul ISAKOV]; Republican Party of Labor and Unity[Tabaldy OROZALIEV]; Revolutionary Committee [Azimbek BEKNAZAROV];Sanjira (Tree of Life) [Ednan KARABAEV]; Social Democratic Party ofKyrgyzstan [Almaz ATAMBAEV]; Svoboda Vybora (Free Choice) Party[Vyacheslav LISOVSKIY]; Turan Party [Kanybek IMANALIYEV]; UluuBirimdik (Solidarity) Party [Emilbek KAPTAGAEV]; Union of DemocraticForces [Osmon ARTYKBAEV]; United Kyrgyzstan [Amangeldi MURALIEV]
LaosLao People's Revolutionary Party or LPRP [CHOUMMALI Saignason];other parties proscribed
LatviaCivic Union [Sandra KALNIETE, Girts Valdis KRISTOVSKIS];First Party of Latvia/Latvia's Way or LPP/LC [Ainars SLESERS, IvarsGODMANIS]; For Human Rights in a United Latvia or PCTVL [JakovsPLINERS, Tatjana ZDANOKA]; For the Fatherland and Freedom/LatvianNational Independence Movement or TB/LNNK [Roberts ZILE, MarisGRINBLATS]; Harmony Center or SC [Nils USAKOVS, Janis URBANOVICS];New Era Party or JL [Solvita ABOLTINA, Dzintars ZAKIS]; People'sParty or TP [Mareks SEGLINS]; Society for Different Politics or SCP[Aigars STOKENBERGS; Artis PABRIKS]; The Union of Latvian Greens andFarmers Party or ZZS [Augusts BRIGMANIS]
Lebanon14 March Coalition: Democratic Gathering Bloc [WalidJUNBLATT, leader of Progressive Socialist Party]; Democratic Left[Ilyas ATALLAH]; Democratic Renewal Movement [Nassib LAHUD]; FutureMovement Bloc [Sa'ad al-HARIRI]; Kataeb Party [Amine GEMAYEL];Lebanese Forces [Samir JA'JA]; Tripoli Independent Bloc8 March Coalition: Development and Resistance Bloc [Nabih BERRI,leader of Amal Movement]; Free Patriotic Movement [Michel AWN];Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc [Mohammad RA'AD] (includes HizballahParty [Hassan NASRALLAH]); Nasserite Popular Movement [Ussama SAAD];Popular Bloc [Elias SKAFF]; Syrian Ba'th Party [Sayez SHUKR]; SyrianSocial Nationalist Party [Ali QANSO]Independent: Metn Bloc [Michel MURR]; Tashnaq
LesothoAlliance of Congress Parties or ACP including the LesothoPeople's Congress or LCP [Kelebone MAOPE], the Basotholand AfricanCongress or BAC [Khauhelo RALITAPOLE], and a faction of the BasothoCongress Party or BCP [Ntsukunyane MPHANYA]; All Basotho Conventionor ABC [Thomas THABANE]; Basotho Batho Democratic Party or BBDP;Basotho Congress Party or BCP; Basotho Democratic National Party orBDNP [Thabang NYEOE]; Basotho National Party or BNP [Maj. Gen.Justin Metsing LEKHANYA]; Basotholand African National Congress orBANC; Christian Democratic Party or CDP [Enerst RAMOKOENA]; LesothoCongress for Democracy or LCD (the governing party) [PakalithaMOSISILI]; Lesotho Workers Party or LWP [Macaefa BILLY]; NationalIndependent Party or NIP [Anthony MANYELI]
LiberiaAlliance for Peace and Democracy or APD [Togba-na TIPOTEH];Coalition for the Transformation of Liberia or COTOL [H. VarneySHERMAN]; Congress for Democratic Change or CDC [George WEAH];Liberty Party or LP [Charles BRUMSKINE]; National Patriotic Party orNPP [Roland MASSAQUOI]; Unity Party or UP [Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF]
Libyanone
LiechtensteinDie Freie Liste (The Free List) or FL [ClaudiaHEEB-FLECK and Egon MATT]; Fortschrittliche Buergerpartei(Progressive Citizens' Party) or FBP [Marcus VOGT]; VaterlaendischeUnion (Fatherland Union) or VU [Adolf HEEB]
LithuaniaCivil Democracy Party or PDP [Viktor MUNTIANAS]; Coalitionof Labor Party and Youth or KDP+J [Viktor USPASKICH]; ElectoralAction of Lithuanian Poles or LLRA [Valdemar TOMASZEVSKI]; HomelandUnion - Lithuanian Christian Democrats or TS-LKD [Andrius KUBILIUS];Lithuanian Peasant Popular Union or LVLS [Kazimiera PRUNSKIENE];Liberal and Center Union or LCS [Arturas ZUOKAS]; Liberal Movementor LRLS [Eligijus MASIULIS]; National Revival or TPP [ArunasVALINSKAS]; New Union (Social Liberal) or NS [Arturas PAULAUSKAS];Order and Justice Party or TT [Rolandas PAKSAS]; Social DemocraticParty or LSDP [Gediminas KIRKILAS]; Young Lithuania and NewNationalists [Stanislovas BUSKEVICIUS]
LuxembourgAlternative Democratic Reform Party or ADR [RobertMEHLEN]; Christian Social People's Party or CSV [Francois BILTGEN];Democratic Party or DP [Claude MEISCH]; Green Party [FrancoisBAUSCH]; dei Lenk/la Gauche (the Left); Luxembourg SocialistWorkers' Party or LSAP [Alex BODRY]; other minor parties
MacauNew Hope [Jose Maria Pereira COUTINHO]; Development Union[KWAN Tsui-hang]; Macau Development Alliance [Angela LEONG On-kei];Macau United Citizens' Association [CHAN Meng-kam]; New DemocraticMacau Association [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong]; Union for PromotingProgress [LEONG Heng-teng]note: there is no political party ordinance, so there are noregistered political parties; politically active groups register associeties or companies
MacedoniaDemocratic Alliance [Pavle TRAJANOV]; Democratic League ofBosniaks [Rafet MUMINOVIC]; Democratic Party of Albanians orPDSh/DPA [Menduh THACI]; Democratic Party of Serbs [IvanSTOILJKOVIC]; Democratic Party of Turks [Kenan HASIPI]; DemocraticRenewal of Macedonia [Liljana POPOVSKA]; Democratic Union ofAlbanians or BDSh [Bardyl MAHMUTI]; Democratic Union of Vlachs forMacedonia [Mitko KOSTOV]; Democratic Union for Integration orBDI/DUI [Ali AHMETI]; For a Better Macedonia coalition [NikolaGRUEVSKI] (includes VMRO-DPMNE, SP, Democratic Union, DemocraticRenewal of Macedonia, Democratic Party of Turks, Democratic Party ofSerbs, SR, and smaller parties); Internal Macedonian RevolutionaryOrganization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity orVMRO-DPMNE [Nikola GRUEVSKI]; League for Democracy [GjorgiMARJANOVIC]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Jovan MANSIEVSKI];Liberal Party [Stojan ANDOV]; National Alternative [Harun ALIU];National Democratic Union or BDK [Hysni SHAQIR]; New Democracy ofDR/ND [Imer SELMANI]; New Social Democratic Party or NSDP [TitoPETKOVSKI]; Party for Democratic Prosperity or PPD/PDP [SefedinHARUNI]; Party for European Future or PEI [Fijat CANOSKI]; Party ofFree Democrats or PSD [Ljubco JORDANOVSKI]; Social DemocraticAlliance of Macedonia or SDSM [Zoran ZAEV]; Socialist Party ofMacedonia or SP [Ljubisav IVANOV-ZINGO]; Sun-Coalition for Europe[Radmila SKERINSKA] (includes SDSM, NSDP, LDP, Liberal Party andsmaller parties); Union of Romas or SR [Shaban SALIU]; United Partyfor Emancipation or OPE [Nezdet MUSTAFA]
MadagascarAssociation for the Rebirth of Madagascar or AREMA[Pierrot RAJAONARIVELO]; Democratic Party for Union in Madagascar orPSDUM [Jean LAHINIRIKO]; Economic Liberalism and Democratic Actionfor National Recovery or LEADER/Fanilo [Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO];Fihaonana Party or FP [Guy-Willy RAZANAMASY]; I Love Madagascar orTIM [Marc RAVALOMANANA]; Renewal of the Social Democratic Party orRPSD [Evariste MARSON]
MalawiAlliance for Democracy or AFORD [Dindi NYASULU]; Congress ofDemocrats or CODE [Ralph KASAMBARA]; Democratic Progressive Party orDPP [Bingu wa MUTHARIKA]; Malawi Congress Party or MCP [John TEMBO];Malawi Democratic Party or MDP [Kampelo KALUA]; Malawi Forum forUnity and Development or MAFUNDE [George MNESA]; Maravi People'sParty [Uladi MUSSA]; National Unity Party or NUP [Harry CHIUME]; NewRainbow Coalition Party [Beatrice MWALE]; New Republican Party[Gwanda CHAKUWAMBA]; People's Progressive Movement or PPM [AlekeBANDA]; People's Transformation Movement or PETRA [Kamuzu CHIBAMBO];Republican Party or RP [Stanley MASAULI]; United Democratic Front orUDF [Bakili MULUZI]; United Democratic Party [Kenedy KALAMBO]
MalaysiaNational Front (Barisan Nasional) or BN (ruling coalition)consists of the following parties: Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia Party orPGRM [KOH Tsu Koon]; Liberal Democratic Party (Parti LiberalDemokratik - Sabah) or LDP [LIEW Vui Keong]; Malaysian ChineseAssociation (Persatuan China Malaysia) or MCA [ONG Tee Keat];Malaysian Indian Congress (Kongres India Malaysia) or MIC [S. SamyVELLU]; Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah or PBRS [Joseph KURUP]; PartiBersatu Sabah or PBS [Joseph PAIRIN Kitingan]; Parti PesakaBumiputera Bersatu or PBB [Abdul TAIB Mahmud]; Parti Rakyat Sarawakor PRS [James MASING]; Sarawak United People's Party (Parti BersatuRakyat Sarawak) or SUPP [George CHAN Hong Nam]; United MalaysNational Organization or UMNO [NAJIB bin Abdul Razak]; UnitedPasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organization (Pertubuhan PaskoMomogun Kadazan Dusun Bersatu) or UPKO [Bernard DOMPOK]; People'sProgressive Party (Parti Progresif Penduduk Malaysia) or PPP[M.Kayveas]; Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party or SPDP [WilliamMAWAN])People's Alliance (Pakatan Rakyat) or PR (opposition coalition)consists of the following parties: Democratic Action Party (PartiTindakan Demokratik) or DAP [KARPAL Singh]; Islamic Party ofMalaysia (Parti Islam se Malaysia) or PAS [Abdul HADI Awang];People's Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat) or PKR [WAN AZIZAHWan Ismail]; Sarawak National Party or SNAP [Edwin DUNDANG]independent party: Sabah Progressive Party (Parti Progresif Saban)or SAPP [YONG Teck Lee]
MaldivesAdhaalath (Justice) Party or AP [Abdul Majeed Abdul BARI];Dhivehi Quamee Party or DQP [Hassan SAEED]; Dhivehi RayyithungeParty (Maldivian People's Party) or DRP [Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM];Islamic Democratic Party or IDP [Omar NASEER]; Maldivian DemocraticParty or MDP [Mohamed NASHEED]; People's Alliance or PA [AbdullahYAMEEN]; Republican (Jumhooree) Party [Gasim IBRAHIM]; SocialLiberal Party or SLP [Ibrahim ISMAIL]
MaliAlliance for Democratic Change (political group comprisedmainly of Tuareg from Mali's northern region); African Solidarityfor Democracy and Independence or SADI [Oumar MARIKO, secretarygeneral]; Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP (a coalition ofpolitical parties including ADEMA and URD formed in December 2006 tosupport the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE); Alliance forDemocracy or ADEMA [Diounconda TRAORE]; Convergence 2007 [SoumeylouBoubeye MAIGA]; Front for Democracy and the Republic or FDR (acoalition of political parties including RPM and PARENA formed tooppose the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE); NationalCongress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL]; Partyfor Democracy and Progress or PDP [Mady KONATE]; Party for NationalRenewal or PARENA [Tiebile DRAME]; Patriotic Movement for Renewal orMPR [Choguel MAIGA]; Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT [AmadouAli NIANGADOU]; Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA];Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou BasirGOLOGO]; Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [Moussa BallaCOULIBALY]; Union for Republic and Democracy or URD [Soumaila CISSE]
MaltaAlternativa Demokratika/Alliance for Social Justice or AD[Arnold CASSOLA]; Azzjoni Nazzjonaili or AN [Josi MUSCAT]; MaltaLabor Party or MLP [Joseph MUSCAT]; Nationalist Party or PN[Lawrence GONZI]
Marshall Islandstraditionally there have been no formally organizedpolitical parties; what has existed more closely resembles factionsor interest groups because they do not have party headquarters,formal platforms, or party structures; the following two "groupings"have competed in legislative balloting in recent years - Aelon KeinAd Party [Michael KABUA] and United Democratic Party or UDP [LitokwaTOMEING]
MauritaniaAlternative or El-Badil [Mohamed Yahdhi Ould MOCTARHACEN]; Centrist Reformists (independent moderate Islamists)[Mohamed Jamil MANSOUR]; Coalition for Forces for Democratic Changeor CFCD (coalition of political parties including APP, CentristReformists (independent moderate Islamists), HATEM-PMUC, PUDS, RD,RFD, UFP); Democratic Renewal or RD [Moustapha OuldABDEIDARRAHMANE]; Mauritanian Party for Unity and Change orHATEM-PMUC [Saleh Ould HANENA]; Mithaq (coalition of independentsand parties associated with the former regime including Alternativeor El-Badil, PRDR, UDP, RDU); National Pact for Democracy andDevelopment or PNDD-ADIL (independents supporting PresidentAbdellahi) [Yahya Ould Ahmed Ould WAGHEF]; National Rally forFreedom, Democracy and Equality or RNDLE; National Rally for Reformand Development or Tawassoul (moderate Islamists) [Mohamed JemilOuld MANSOUR]; Popular Front or FP [Ch'bih Ould CHEIKH MALAININE];Popular Progressive Alliance or APP [Messoud Ould BOULKHEIR]; Rallyof Democratic Forces or RFD [Ahmed Ould DADDAH]; Rally for Democracyand Unity or RDU [Ahmed Ould SIDI BABA]; Republican Party forDemocracy and Renewal or PRDR [Boullah Ould MOGUEYA]; Socialist andDemocratic Unity Party or PUDS; Union for Democracy and Progress orUDP [Naha Mint MOUKNASS]; Union of Democratic Center or UCD [CheikhSid'Ahmed Ould BABA]; Union of the Forces for Progress or UFP[Mohamed Ould MAOULOUD];
MauritiusAlliance Sociale or AS [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM] (governingcoalition - includes MLD, MMSM, MR, MSD, PMXD); Mauritian LaborParty or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian Militant Movementor MMM [Paul BERENGER]; Mauritian Socialist Militant Movement orMMSM [Madan DULLOO]; Militant Socialist Movement or MSM [PravindJUGNAUTH]; Mouvement Republicain or MR [Jayarama VALAYDEN]; PartiMauricien Xavier Duval or PMXD [Xavier Luc DUVAL]; RodriguesMovement or MR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]; Rodrigues PeoplesOrganization or OPR [Serge CLAIR]
MayotteDemocratic Front or FD [Youssouf MOUSSA]; Mahoran PopularMovement or MPM [Ahmed MADI]; Federation of Mahorans or UMP-RPR[Mansour KAMARDINE]; Force of the Rally and the Alliance forDemocracy or FRAP; Movement for Department Status Mayotte or MDM[Mouhoutar SALIM]; Renewed Communist Party of Mayotte or MRC [OmarSIMBA]; Socialist Party or PS [Ibrahim ABUBACAR] (local branch ofFrench Parti Socialiste); Union for French Democracy or UDF [HenriJEAN-BAPTISTE]
MexicoConvergence for Democracy or CD [Luis MALDONADO Venegas];Institutional Revolutionary Party or PRI [Beatriz PAREDES]; LaborParty or PT [Alberto ANAYA Gutierrez]; Mexican Green EcologicalParty or PVEM [Jorge Emilio GONZALEZ Martinez]; National ActionParty (Partido Accion Nacional) or PAN [German MARTINEZ Cazares];New Alliance Party (Partido Nueva Alianza) or PNA [Jorge AntonioKAHWAGI Macari]; Party of the Democratic Revolution (Partido de laRevolucion Democratica) or PRD [Leonel COTA Montano]; SocialDemocratic and Peasant Alternative Party (Partido AlternativaSocialdemocrata y Campesina) or Alternativa [Alberto BEGNE Guerra]
Micronesia, Federated States ofno formal parties
MoldovaCentrist Union or UCM [Vasile TARLEV]; Christian DemocraticPeople's Party or PPCD [Iurie ROSCA]; Communist Party of theRepublic of Moldova or PCRM [Vladimir VORONIN]; Democratic Party orPD [Dumitru DIACOV]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLDM [VladmirFILAT]; Liberal Party or PL [Mihai GHIMPU]; National Liberal Partyor PNL [Vitalia PAVLICENKO]; Our Moldova Alliance or AMN [SerafimURECHEAN]; Party for Social Democracy or PDSM [Dumitru BRAGHIS]
MonacoUnion for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for theFuture of Monaco or UNAM); Rally and Issues for Monaco or REM;Monaco Together
MongoliaDemocratic Party or DP [Norov ALTANHUYAG]; MongolianPeople's Revolutionary Party or MPRP [Sanjaa BAYAR]
MontenegroAlbanian Alternative or AA [Vesel SINISHTAJ]; Coalitionfor European Montenegro or DPS-SDP (bloc) [Milo DJUKANOVIC](includes Democratic Party of Socialists or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC]and Social Democratic Party or SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC]); CoalitionSNP-NS-DSS (bloc) (includes Socialist People's Party or SNP [SrdjanMILIC], People's Party of Montenegro or NS [Predrag POPOVIC], andDemocratic Serbian Party of Montenegro or DSS [Ranko KADIC]);Democratic League-Party of Democratic Prosperity or SPP [MehmetBARDHIJ]; Democratic Union of Albanians or DUA [Ferhat DINOSA];Liberals and the Bosniak Party (bloc) [Miodrag ZIVKOVIC] (includesLiberal Party of Montenegro or LP [Miodrag ZIVKOVIC] and BosniakParty or BS [Rafet HUSOVIC]); Movement for Changes or PZP [NebojsaMEDOJEVIC]; New Serb Democracy or NSD [Andrija MANDIC]; Serbian List(bloc) [Andrija MANDIC] (includes Party of Serb Radicals or SSR[Dusko SEKULIC], People's Socialist Party or NSS [Emilo LABUDOVIC],and Serbian People's Party of Montenegro or SNS [Andrija MANDIC]);Socialist People's Party of Montenegro or SNP [Srdjan MILIC]
MontserratMontserrat Democratic Party or MDP [Lowell LEWIS];Movement for Change and Prosperity or MCAP [Roselyn CASSELL-SEALY];New People's Liberation Movement or NPLM [John A. OSBORNE]
MoroccoAction Party or PA [Mohammed EL IDRISSI]; Al Ahd (TheCovenant) Party [Najib EL OUAZZANI]; Alliance des Libert'es(Alliance of Liberty) or ADL [Ali BELHAJ]; An-Nahj Ad-Dimocrati orAn-Nahj [Abdellah EL HARIF]; Authenticity and Modernity Party or PAM[Mohamed Cheikh BIADILLAH, Secretary General]; Choura et Istiqlal(Consultation and Independence) Party or PCI [Abdelwahed MAACH];Citizens' Forces or FC [Abderrahman LAHJOUJI]; Citizenship andDevelopment Initiative or ICD [Mohamed BENHAMOU]; ConstitutionalUnion Party or UC [Mohammed ABIED]; Democratic and Social Movementor MDS [Mahmoud ARCHANE]; Democratic Forces Front or FFD [Touhami ELKHIARI]; Democratic Socialist Vanguard Party or PADS [AhmedBENJELLOUN]; Democratic Society Party or PSD [Zhor CHEKKAFI];Democratic Union or UD [Bouazza IKKEN]; Environment and DevelopmentParty or PED [Ahmed EL ALAMI]; Istiqlal (Independence) Party or PI[Abbas EL FASSI]; Justice and Development Party or PJD [AbdelilahBENKIRANE]; Labor Party or PT [Abdelkrim BENATIK]; Moroccan LiberalParty or PML [Mohamed ZIANE]; National Democratic Party or PND[Abdallah KADIRI]; National Ittihadi Congress Party or CNI[Abdelmajid BOUZOUBAA]; National Popular Movement or MNP [MahjoubiAHERDANE]; National Rally of Independents or RNI [Mustapha ELMANSOURI]; National Union of Popular Forces or UNFP [AbdellahIBRAHIM]; Popular Movement or MP [Mohamed LAENSER]; Progress andSocialism Party or PPS [Ismail ALAOUI]; Reform and Development Partyor PRD [Abderrahmane EL KOUHEN]; Renaissance and Virtue Party or PRV[Mohamed KHALIDI]; Renewal and Equity Party or PRE [Chakir ACHABAR];Social Center Party or PSC [Lahcen MADIH]; Socialist DemocraticParty or PSD [Aissa OUARDIGHI]; Socialist Union of Popular Forces orUSFP [Abdelwahed RADI]; Unified Socialist Left Party or PGSU[Mohamed Ben Said AIT IDDER]
MozambiqueFront for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente deLiberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Armando Emilio GUEBUZA];Mozambique National Resistance (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana) orRENAMO [Afonso DHLAKAMA]
NamibiaAll People's Party or APP [Ignatius SHIXWAMENI]; Congress ofDemocrats or COD [Ben ULENGA]; Democratic Turnhalle Alliance ofNamibia or DTA [Katuutire KAURA]; Monitor Action Group or MAG [JurieVILJOEN]; National Democratic Movement for Change or NamDMC;National Unity Democratic Organization or NUDO [Kuaima RIRUAKO];Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Hidipo HAMUTENYA];Republican Party or RP [Henk MUDGE]; South West Africa NationalUnion or SWANU [Usutuaije MAAMBERUA]; South West Africa People'sOrganization or SWAPO [Hifikepunye POHAMBA]; United Democratic Frontor UDF [Justus GAROEB]
NauruDemocratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal);Nauru First (Naoero Amo) Party; note - loose multiparty system
NepalChure Bhawar Rastriya Ekata Party [Keshav Prasad MAINALI];Communist Party of Nepal (ML) [C.P. MAINALI]; Communist Party ofNepal (Unified) [Raj Singh SHRIS]; Communist Party of Nepal (United)[Ganesh SHAH]; Communist Party of Nepal/United Marxist-Leninist orCPN/UML [Jhalanath KHANAL]; Dalit Janajati Party [VishwendramanPASHWAN]; Madhesi People's Rights Forum [Upendra YADAV]; NationalDemocratic Party or NDP [Pashupati Shumsher RANA] (also calledRastriya Prajatantra Party or RPP); Nepal Loktantrik Samajbadi Dal[Upendra GACHCHHADAR]; Nepal Pariwar Dal [Vinod DANGI]; NepalRastriya Party [Khushilal YADAV]; Nepal Sadbhavana Party (AnandiDevi) [Shyam Sundar GUPTA]; Nepal Workers and Peasants Party or NWPP[Narayan Man BIJUKCHHE]; Nepali Congress or NC [Girija PrasadKOIRALA]; Nepali Janata Dal [Bharat Prasad MAHATO]; RastriyaJanamorcha [Chitra BAHADUR K.C.]; Rastriya Janamukti Party [MalwarSingh THAPA]; Rastriya Janashakti Party or RJP [Surya BahadurTHAPA]; Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal [Kamal THAPA]; SadbhavanaParty (Mahato) [Rajendra MAHATO]; Samajbadi Prajatantrik JanataParty Nepal [Prem Bahadur SINGH]; Sanghiya Loktantrik Rastriya Manch[Kamal CHHARAHANG]; Terai-Madhes Democratic Party [Mahantha THAKUR];United Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) [Pushpa Kamal DAHAL, alsoknown as PRACHANDA, chairman]
NetherlandsChristian Democratic Appeal or CDA [Pieter VAN GEEL];Christian Union Party [Arie SLOB]; Democrats 66 or D66 [AlexanderPECHTOLD]; Green Left Party [Femke HALSEMA]; Labor Party or PvdA[Mariette HAMER]; Party for Freedom or PVV [Geert WILDERS]; Partyfor the Animals or PvdD [Marianne THIEME]; People's Party forFreedom and Democracy (Liberal) or VVD [Mark RUTTE]; ReformedPolitical Party of SGP [Bas VAN DER VLIES]; Socialist Party [AgnesKANT]; plus a few minor parties
Netherlands AntillesBonaire: Democratic Party of Bonaire or PDB[Jopi ABRAHAM]; Patriotic Union of Bonaire or UPB [Ramonsito BOOI]Curacao: Ban Vota [Norbert GEORGE]; C-93 [Stanley BROWN]; DemocraticParty of Curacao or DP [Errol HERNANDEZ]; E Mayoria [Aurelio PEDRO];Forsa Korsou [Nelson NAVARRO]; Liste Ni'un Paso Atras [NelsonPIERRE]; Movemiento Patriotiko Korsou [Reginald LAK]; New AntillesMovement or MAN [Charles COOPER]; Partido Akshon Pa Prosperidat ISeguridat [Sonja BERKEMEYER]; Partido Laboral Krusada Popular orPLKP [Errol COVA]; Party for the Restructured Antilles or PAR [Emilyde JONGH-ELHAGE]; People's National Party or PNP [Ersilia DELANNOOY]; Pidjin [Jasmin PINEDO]; Pueblo Soberano [Herman WIELS];Workers' Liberation Front or FOL [Anthony GODETT]Saba: Saba Labor Party [Akilah LEVENSTONE]; Windward IslandsPeople's Movement or WIPM [Ray HASSELL]Sint Eustatius: Democratic Party of Sint Eustatius or DP-St. E[Julian WOODLEY]; Progressive Labor Party [Clyde VAN PUTTEN]; St.Eustatius Alliance [Ingrid HOUTMAN-WHITFIELD]Sint Maarten: Democratic Party of Sint Maarten or DP-St. M [SarahWESCOTT-WILLIAMS]; Freedom Slate of National Democratic Party[Theophilus PRIEST]; National Alliance or NA [William MARLIN];People's Progressive Alliance or PPA [Gracita ARRINDELL]; St.Maarten People's Party [Johan LEONARD]; United People's Labor Party[Bienvenido RICHARDSON]note: political parties are indigenous to each island
New CaledoniaAlliance pour la Caledonie or APLC [Didier LE ROUX];Caledonia Together [Philippe GOMES]; Caledonian Union or UC [CharlesPIDJOT]; Federation des Comites de Coordination des Independantistesor FCCI [Francois BURCK]; Front National or FN [Jean-Marie LE PEN];Front Uni de Liberation Kanak or FULK [Ernest UNE]; Labor Party orPT [Louis Kora UREGEI]; Kanak Socialist Front for NationalLiberation or FLNKS (includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM); Parti deLiberation Kanak or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE]; Rally for Caledonia orRPC [Jacques LAFLEUR]; The Future Together or AE [Didier LEROUX];The Rally or UMP [Pierre FROGIER]; Union Nationale pourl'Independance or UNI; Union Progressiste Melanesienne or UPM[Victor TUTUGORO]
New ZealandACT New Zealand [Rodney HIDE]; Green Party [JeanetteFITZSIMONS]; Maori Party [Tariana TURIA and Pita SHARPLES]; NationalParty or NP [John KEY]; New Zealand First Party or NZ First [WinstonPETERS]; New Zealand Labor Party or NZLP [Phil GOFF]; ProgressiveParty [James (Jim) ANDERTON]; United Future or UF [Peter DUNNE]
NicaraguaConservative Party or PC [Azalia AVILES Salmeron]; LiberalConstitutionalist Party or PLC [Jorge CASTILLO Quant]; NicaraguanDemocratic Bloc or BDN [Eduardo MONTEALEGRE]; Nicaraguan LiberalAlliance or ALN [Eliseo NUNEZ Sr.]; Sandinista National LiberationFront or FSLN [Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra]; Sandinista RenovationMovement or MRS [Enrique SAENZ Navarrete]
NigerAlkalama; Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama orCDS-Rahama [Mahamane OUSMANE]; National Movement for a DevelopingSociety-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Hama AMADOU]; Niger SocialDemocratic Party or PSDN; Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and SocialProgress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDP-Zaman Lahiya [Moumouni DJERMAKOYE];Nigerien Party for Autonomy or PNA-Alouma [Sanousi JACKOU]; NigerienParty for Democracy and Socialism or PNDS-Tarrayya [IssifouMAHAMADOU]; Nigerien Party of the Masses for Labor; NigerienProgressive Party or PPN-RDA; Rally for Democracy and Progress orRDP-jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]; Social and Democratic Rally orRSD-Gaskiyya [Cheiffou AMADOU]
NigeriaAccord Party [Ikra Aliyu BILBIS]; Action Congress or AC[Hassan ZUMI]; Alliance for Democracy or AD [Mojisoluwa AKINFENWA];All Nigeria Peoples' Party or ANPP [Edwin UME-EZEOKE]; AllProgressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Victor C. UMEH]; DemocraticPeople's Party or DPP [Jeremiah USENI]; Fresh Democratic Party[Chris OKOTIE]; Labor Party [Dan NWANYANWU]; Movement for theRestoration and Defense of Democracy or MRDD [Mohammed GamboJIMETA]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Aliyu Habu FARI]; PeoplesDemocratic Party or PDP [Vincent OGBULAFOR]; Peoples ProgressiveAlliance [Clement EBRI]; Peoples Redemption Party or PRP [AbdulkadirBalarabe MUSA]; Peoples Salvation Party or PSP [Lawal MAITURARE];United Nigeria Peoples Party or UNPP [Mallam Selah JAMBO]
NiueAlliance of Independents or AI; Niue People's Action Party orNPP [Young VIVIAN]
Norfolk Islandnone
Northern Mariana IslandsCovenant Party [Benigno R. FITIAL];Democratic Party [Dr. Carlos S. CAMACHO]; Republican Party [Juan S.REYES]
NorwayCenter Party [Liv Signe NAVARSETE]; Christian People's Party[Dagfinn HOYBRATEN]; Conservative Party [Erna SOLBERG]; Labor Party[Jens STOLTENBERG]; Liberal Party [Lars SPONHEIM]; Progress Party[Siv JENSEN]; Socialist Left Party [Kristin HALVORSEN]
Omannone
PakistanAwami National Party or ANP [Asfandyar Wali KHAN];Balochistan National Party-Hayee Group or BNP-H [Dr. Hayee BALOCH];Balochistan National Party-Awami or BNP-A [Moheem Khan BALOCH];Balochistan National Party-Mengal or BNP-M [Sardar Ataullah MENGAL];Jamhoori Watan Party or JWP; Jamiat Ahle Hadith or JAH [Sajid MIR];Jamaat-i Islami or JI [Qazi Hussain AHMED]; Jamiat Ulema-i IslamFazlur Rehman or JUI-F [Fazlur REHMAN]; Jamiat Ulema-i Islam Sami-ulHAQ or JUI-S [Sami ul-HAQ]; Jamiat Ulema-i Pakistan or JUP [ShahFaridul HAQ]; Muttahida Majlis-e Amal or MMA [Qazi Hussain AHMED];Muttahida Qaumi Movement or MQM [Altaf HUSSAIN]; National Allianceor NA [Ghulam Mustapha JATOI] (merged with PML); National PeoplesParty or NPP; Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party or PKMAP [Mahmood KhanACHAKZAI]; Pakistan Awami Tehrik or PAT [Tahir ul QADRI]; PakistanMuslim League-Functional or PML-F [Pir PAGARO]; Pakistan MuslimLeague-Nawaz Sharif or PML-N [Nawaz SHARIF]; Pakistan Muslim Leagueor PML [Chaudhry Shujaat HUSSAIN]; Pakistan Peoples Party-SHERPAO orPPP-S [Aftab Ahmed Khan SHERPAO]; Pakistan Peoples PartyParliamentarians or PPPP [Bilawal Bhutto ZARDARI, chairman; Asif AliZARDARI, co-chairman]; Pakistan Tehrik-e Insaaf or PTI [Imran KHAN];Tehrik-i Islami [Allama Sajid NAQVI]note: political alliances in Pakistan can shift frequently
Palaunone
PanamaDemocratic Change or CD [Ricardo MARTINELLI]; DemocraticRevolutionary Party or PRD [Martin TORRIJOS Espino]; NationalistRepublican Liberal Movement or MOLIRENA [Sergio GONZALEZ-Ruiz];Panamenista Party [Juan Carlos VARELA] (formerly the ArnulfistaParty); Patriotic Union Party or UP (combination of the LiberalNational Party or PLN and the Solidarity Party or PS)[Guillermo"Billy" FORD and Anibal GALINDO]; Popular Party or PP [Rene ORILLAC](formerly Christian Democratic Party or PDC)
Papua New GuineaNational Alliance Party or NA [Michael SOMARE];Papua and Niugini Union Party or PANGU PATI [Andrew KUMBAKOR]; PapuaNew Guinea Party or PNGP [Sir Mekere MORAUTA]; People's DemocraticMovement or PDM [Michael OGIO]; People's Action Party or PAP[Gabriel KAPRIS]; United Resources Party or URP [William DUMA] (2007)
ParaguayAlianza Patriotica por el Cambio (Patriotic Alliance forChange) or APC [Fernando LUGO]; Asociacion Nacional Republicana -Colorado Party or ANR [Lilian SAMANIEGO]; Movimiento Union Nacionalde Ciudadanos Eticos or UNACE [Lino Cesar OVIEDO Silva]; PatriaQuerida (Beloved Fatherland Party) or PPQ [Pedro Nicolas Maraa FADULNiella]; Partido del Movimiento al Socialismo or P-MAS; PartidoEncuentro Nacional or PEN [Emilio CAMACHO Paredes]; Partido LiberalRadical Autentico or PLRA [Gustavo CARDOZO]; Partido Pais Solidarioor PPS [Carlos Alberto FILIZZOLA Pallares]
PeruAlliance For Progress (Alianza Para El Progreso) [Cesar ACUNAPeralta]; Alliance For The Future (Alianza Por El Futuro) or AF (acoalition of pro-FUJIMORI parties including Cambio 90, NuevaMayoria, and Si Cumple); Central Front (Frente Del Centro) or FC (acoalition of Accion Popular, Somos Peru, and Coordinadora Nacionalde Independientes) [Victor Andres GARCIA Belaunde]; NationalRenovation Party (Partido Renovacion Nacional) [Rafael REY];National Restoration Party (Restauracion Nacional) or RN [HumbertoLAY Sun]; National Solidarity Party (Partido Solidaridad Nacional)or SN [Luis CASTANEDA Lossio]; Peru Possible (Peru Posible) or PP[Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique]; Peruvian Aprista Party (Partido ApristaPeruano) or PAP [Alan GARCIA Perez] (also referred to by itsoriginal name Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana or APRA);Peruvian Nationalist Party (Partido Nacionalista Peruano) or PNP[Ollanta HUMALA Tasso]; Popular Christian Party (Partido PopularCristiano) or PPC [Lourdes FLORES Nano]; Union for Peru (Union porel Peru) or UPP [Aldo ESTRADA Choque]
PhilippinesKabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino or Kampi [LuisVILLAFUERTE]; Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle of FilipinoDemocrats) or LDP [Edgardo ANGARA]; Lakas ng EDSA-Christian MuslimDemocrats or Lakas-CMD [Prospero NOGRALES]; Liberal Party or LP[Manuel ROXAS]; Nacionalista Party or NP [Manuel VILLAR];Nationalist People's Coalition or NPC [Frisco SAN JUAN]; PDP-Laban[Aquilino PIMENTEL]; People's Reform Party [Miriam DefensorSANTIAGO]; Puwersa ng Masang Pilipino (Force of the PhilippineMasses) or PMP [Joseph ESTRADA]; United Opposition or UNO [JejomarBINAY]note: Lakas-CMD and Kampi merged on 29 May 2009 to form Lakas-KampiCMD
Pitcairn Islandsnone
PolandCivic Platform or PO [chairman Donald TUSK; parliamentarycaucus leader Grzegorz SCHETYNA]; Democratic Caucus of theDemocratic Party (SD) or DKP SD [parliamentary caucus leader BogdanLIS]; Democratic Left Alliance or SLD [chairman GrzegorzNAPIERALSKI]; Democratic Party or PD [chairwoman Brygida KUZNIAK];Democratic Party or SD [chairman Pawel PISKORSKI]; German Minorityof Lower Silesia or MNSO [representative Henryk KROLL]; Law andJustice or PiS [chairman Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI; parliamentary caucusleader Przemyslaw GOSIEWSKI]; League of Polish Families or LPR[acting chairman Arnold MASIN]; Left (Democratic Left Alliance andindependents) [parliamentary caucus leader Grzegorz NAPIERALSKI];Polish People's Party or PSL [chairman Waldemar PAWLAK;parliamentary caucus leader Stanislaw ZELICHOWSKI]; Polska XXI(political grouping of former PiS members; not officiallyregistered) [chairman Jaroslaw SELLIN; parliamentary caucus leaderKazimierz Michal UJAZDOWSKI]; Samoobrona or SO [chairman AndrzejLEPPER]; Social Democratic Party of Poland or SDPL [chairmanWojciech FILEMONOWICZ]; Social Democratic Party of Poland-New Left(SDPL-New Left) [parliamentary caucus leader Marek BOROWSKI]; Unionof Labor or UP [chairman Waldemar WITKOWSKI]