Chapter 206

South Africa2.38 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Spain1.31 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Sri Lanka1.99 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Sudan4.48 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Suriname1.99 children born/woman (2009 est.)

SvalbardNA (2008 est.)

Swaziland3.24 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Sweden1.67 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Switzerland1.45 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Syria3.12 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Taiwan1.14 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Tajikistan2.99 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Tanzania4.46 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Thailand1.65 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Timor-Leste3.28 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Togo4.79 children born/woman (2009 est.)

TokelauNA (2008 est.)

Tonga2.25 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago1.72 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Tunisia1.72 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Turkey2.21 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Turkmenistan2.22 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands2.95 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Tuvalu2.91 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Uganda6.77 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Ukraine1.26 children born/woman (2009 est.)

United Arab Emirates2.42 children born/woman (2009 est.)

United Kingdom1.66 children born/woman (2009 est.)

United States2.05 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Uruguay1.92 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Uzbekistan1.95 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Vanuatu2.5 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Venezuela2.48 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Vietnam1.83 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Virgin Islands1.85 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Wallis and Futuna1.87 children born/woman (2009 est.)

West Bank3.22 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Western SaharaNA 5.61 children born/woman (2009 est.)

World2.58 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Yemen6.32 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Zambia5.15 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Zimbabwe3.69 children born/woman (2009 est.)

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Field Listing :: Government type

This entry gives the basic form of government. Definitions of the major governmental terms are as follows. (Note that for some countries more than one definition applies.): Absolute monarchy - a form of government where the monarch rules unhindered, i.e., without any laws, constitution, or legally organized opposition. Anarchy - a condition of lawlessness or political disorder brought about by the absence of governmental authority. Authoritarian - a form of government in which state authority is imposed onto many aspects of citizens' lives. Commonwealth - a nation, state, or other political entity founded on law and united by a compact of the people for the common good. Communist - a system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy and a single - often authoritarian - party holds power; state controls are imposed with the elimination of private ownership of property or capital while claiming to make progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by the people (i.e., a classless society). Confederacy (Confederation) - a union by compact or treaty between states, provinces, or territories, that creates a central government with limited powers; the constituent entities retain supreme authority over all matters except those delegated to the central government. Constitutional - a government by or operating under an authoritative document (constitution) that sets forth the system of fundamental laws and principles that determines the nature, functions, and limits of that government. Constitutional democracy - a form of government in which the sovereign power of the people is spelled out in a governing constitution. Constitutional monarchy - a system of government in which a monarch is guided by a constitution whereby his/her rights, duties, and responsibilities are spelled out in written law or by custom. Democracy - a form of government in which the supreme power is retained by the people, but which is usually exercised indirectly through a system of representation and delegated authority periodically renewed. Democratic republic - a state in which the supreme power rests in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them. Dictatorship - a form of government in which a ruler or small clique wield absolute power (not restricted by a constitution or laws). Ecclesiastical - a government administrated by a church. Emirate - similar to a monarchy or sultanate, but a government in which the supreme power is in the hands of an emir (the ruler of a Muslim state); the emir may be an absolute overlord or a sovereign with constitutionally limited authority. Federal (Federation) - a form of government in which sovereign power is formally divided - usually by means of a constitution - between a central authority and a number of constituent regions (states, colonies, or provinces) so that each region retains some management of its internal affairs; differs from a confederacy in that the central government exerts influence directly upon both individuals as well as upon the regional units. Federal republic - a state in which the powers of the central government are restricted and in which the component parts (states, colonies, or provinces) retain a degree of self-government; ultimate sovereign power rests with the voters who chose their governmental representatives. Islamic republic - a particular form of government adopted by some Muslim states; although such a state is, in theory, a theocracy, it remains a republic, but its laws are required to be compatible with the laws of Islam. Maoism - the theory and practice of Marxism-Leninism developed in China by Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung), which states that a continuous revolution is necessary if the leaders of a communist state are to keep in touch with the people. Marxism - the political, economic, and social principles espoused by 19th century economist Karl Marx; he viewed the struggle of workers as a progression of historical forces that would proceed from a class struggle of the proletariat (workers) exploited by capitalists (business owners), to a socialist "dictatorship of the proletariat," to, finally, a classless society - Communism. Marxism-Leninism - an expanded form of communism developed by Lenin from doctrines of Karl Marx; Lenin saw imperialism as the final stage of capitalism and shifted the focus of workers' struggle from developed to underdeveloped countries. Monarchy - a government in which the supreme power is lodged in the hands of a monarch who reigns over a state or territory, usually for life and by hereditary right; the monarch may be either a sole absolute ruler or a sovereign - such as a king, queen, or prince - with constitutionally limited authority. Oligarchy - a government in which control is exercised by a small group of individuals whose authority generally is based on wealth or power. Parliamentary democracy - a political system in which the legislature (parliament) selects the government - a prime minister, premier, or chancellor along with the cabinet ministers - according to party strength as expressed in elections; by this system, the government acquires a dual responsibility: to the people as well as to the parliament. Parliamentary government (Cabinet-Parliamentary government) - a government in which members of an executive branch (the cabinet and its leader - a prime minister, premier, or chancellor) are nominated to their positions by a legislature or parliament, and are directly responsible to it; this type of government can be dissolved at will by the parliament (legislature) by means of a no confidence vote or the leader of the cabinet may dissolve the parliament if it can no longer function. Parliamentary monarchy - a state headed by a monarch who is not actively involved in policy formation or implementation (i.e., the exercise of sovereign powers by a monarch in a ceremonial capacity); true governmental leadership is carried out by a cabinet and its head - a prime minister, premier, or chancellor - who are drawn from a legislature (parliament). Presidential - a system of government where the executive branch exists separately from a legislature (to which it is generally not accountable). Republic - a representative democracy in which the people's elected deputies (representatives), not the people themselves, vote on legislation. Socialism - a government in which the means of planning, producing, and distributing goods is controlled by a central government that theoretically seeks a more just and equitable distribution of property and labor; in actuality, most socialist governments have ended up being no more than dictatorships over workers by a ruling elite. Sultanate - similar to a monarchy, but a government in which the supreme power is in the hands of a sultan (the head of a Muslim state); the sultan may be an absolute ruler or a sovereign with constitutionally limited authority. Theocracy - a form of government in which a Deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler, but the Deity's laws are interpreted by ecclesiastical authorities (bishops, mullahs, etc.); a government subject to religious authority. Totalitarian - a government that seeks to subordinate the individual to the state by controlling not only all political and economic matters, but also the attitudes, values, and beliefs of its population. Country

Government type

AfghanistanIslamic republic

Albaniaemerging democracy

Algeriarepublic

American SamoaNA

Andorraparliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains asits chiefs of state a coprincipality; the two princes are thepresident of France and bishop of Seo de Urgel, Spain, who arerepresented locally by coprinces' representatives

Angolarepublic; multiparty presidential regime

AnguillaNA

Antarctica Antarctic Treaty Summary - the Antarctic Treaty, signed on 1 December 1959 and entered into force on 23 June 1961, establishes the legal framework for the management of Antarctica; the 32nd Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting was held in Baltimore, MD, USA in April 2009; at these periodic meetings, decisions are made by consensus (not by vote) of all consultative member nations; by May 2009, there were 47 treaty member nations: 28 consultative and 19 non-consultative; consultative (decision-making) members include the seven nations that claim portions of Antarctica as national territory (some claims overlap) and 21 non-claimant nations; the US and Russia have reserved the right to make claims; the US does not recognize the claims of others; Antarctica is administered through meetings of the consultative member nations; decisions from these meetings are carried out by these member nations (with respect to their own nationals and operations) in accordance with their own national laws; the years in parentheses indicate when a consultative member-nation acceded to the Treaty and when it was accepted as a consultative member, while no date indicates the country was an original 1959 treaty signatory; claimant nations are - Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, NZ, Norway, and the UK. Nonclaimant consultative nations are - Belgium, Brazil (1975/1983), Bulgaria (1978/1998) China (1983/1985), Ecuador (1987/1990), Finland (1984/1989), Germany (1979/1981), India (1983/1983), Italy (1981/1987), Japan, South Korea (1986/1989), Netherlands (1967/1990), Peru (1981/1989), Poland (1961/1977), Russia, South Africa, Spain (1982/1988), Sweden (1984/1988), Ukraine (1992/2004), Uruguay (1980/1985), and the US; non-consultative members, with year of accession in parentheses, are - Austria (1987), Belarus (2006), Canada (1988), Colombia (1989), Cuba (1984), Czech Republic (1962/1993), Denmark (1965), Estonia (2001), Greece (1987), Guatemala (1991), Hungary (1984), North Korea (1987), Monaco (2008), Papua New Guinea (1981), Romania (1971), Slovakia (1962/1993), Switzerland (1990), Turkey (1996), and Venezuela (1999); note - Czechoslovakia acceded to the Treaty in 1962 and separated into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993; Article 1 - area to be used for peaceful purposes only; military activity, such as weapons testing, is prohibited, but military personnel and equipment may be used for scientific research or any other peaceful purpose; Article 2 - freedom of scientific investigation and cooperation shall continue; Article 3 - free exchange of information and personnel, cooperation with the UN and other international agencies; Article 4 - does not recognize, dispute, or establish territorial claims and no new claims shall be asserted while the treaty is in force; Article 5 - prohibits nuclear explosions or disposal of radioactive wastes; Article 6 - includes under the treaty all land and ice shelves south of 60 degrees 00 minutes south and reserves high seas rights; Article 7 - treaty-state observers have free access, including aerial observation, to any area and may inspect all stations, installations, and equipment; advance notice of all expeditions and of the introduction of military personnel must be given; Article 8 - allows for jurisdiction over observers and scientists by their own states; Article 9 - frequent consultative meetings take place among member nations; Article 10 - treaty states will discourage activities by any country in Antarctica that are contrary to the treaty; Article 11 - disputes to be settled peacefully by the parties concerned or, ultimately, by the ICJ; Articles 12, 13, 14 - deal with upholding, interpreting, and amending the treaty among involved nations; other agreements - some 200 recommendations adopted at treaty consultative meetings and ratified by governments include - Agreed Measures for Fauna and Flora (1964) which were later incorporated into the Environmental Protocol; Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (1972); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (1980); a mineral resources agreement was signed in 1988 but remains unratified; the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty was signed 4 October 1991 and entered into force 14 January 1998; this agreement provides for the protection of the Antarctic environment through six specific annexes: 1) environmental impact assessment, 2) conservation of Antarctic fauna and flora, 3) waste disposal and waste management, 4) prevention of marine pollution, 5) area protection and management and 6) liability arising from environmental emergencies; it prohibits all activities relating to mineral resources except scientific research; a permanent Antarctic Treaty Secretariat was established in 2004 in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Antigua and Barbuda constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government and a Commonwealth realm

Argentinarepublic

Armeniarepublic

Arubaparliamentary democracy

Australiafederal parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Austriafederal republic

Azerbaijanrepublic

Bahamas, Theconstitutional parliamentary democracy and aCommonwealth realm

Bahrainconstitutional monarchy

Bangladeshparliamentary democracy

Barbadosparliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Belarusrepublic in name, although in fact a dictatorship

Belgiumfederal parliamentary democracy under a constitutionalmonarchy

Belizeparliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Beninrepublic

Bermudaparliamentary; self-governing territory

Bhutanconstitutional monarchy

Boliviarepublic; note - the new constitution defines Bolivia as a"Social Unitarian State"

Bosnia and Herzegovinaemerging federal democratic republic

Botswanaparliamentary republic

Brazilfederal republic

British Virgin IslandsNA

Bruneiconstitutional sultanate

Bulgariaparliamentary democracy

Burkina Fasoparliamentary republic

Burmamilitary junta

Burundirepublic

Cambodiamultiparty democracy under a constitutional monarchy

Cameroonrepublic; multiparty presidential regime

Canadaa parliamentary democracy, a federation, and a Commonwealthrealm

Cape Verderepublic

Cayman Islandsparliamentary democracy

Central African Republicrepublic

Chadrepublic

Chilerepublic

ChinaCommunist state

Christmas IslandNA

Cocos (Keeling) IslandsNA

Colombiarepublic; executive branch dominates government structure

Comorosrepublic

Congo, Democratic Republic of therepublic

Congo, Republic of therepublic

Cook Islandsself-governing parliamentary democracy

Costa Ricademocratic republic

Cote d'Ivoirerepublic; multiparty presidential regime established1960note: the government is currently operating under a power-sharingagreement mandated by international mediators

Croatiapresidential/parliamentary democracy

CubaCommunist state

Cyprusrepublicnote: a separation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting theisland began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; thisseparation was further solidified after the Turkish intervention inJuly 1974 that followed a Greek junta-supported coup attempt gavethe Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriotscontrol the only internationally recognized government; on 15November 1983 Turkish Cypriot "President" Rauf DENKTASH declaredindependence and the formation of a "Turkish Republic of NorthernCyprus" ("TRNC"), which is recognized only by Turkey

Czech Republicparliamentary democracy

Denmarkconstitutional monarchy

Djiboutirepublic

Dominicaparliamentary democracy

Dominican Republicdemocratic republic

Ecuadorrepublic

Egyptrepublic

El Salvadorrepublic

Equatorial Guinearepublic

Eritreatransitional governmentnote: following a successful referendum on independence for theAutonomous Region of Eritrea on 23-25 April 1993, a NationalAssembly, composed entirely of the People's Front for Democracy andJustice or PFDJ, was established as a transitional legislature; aConstitutional Commission was also established to draft aconstitution; ISAIAS Afworki was elected president by thetransitional legislature; the constitution, ratified in May 1997,did not enter into effect, pending parliamentary and presidentialelections; parliamentary elections were scheduled in December 2001,but were postponed indefinitely; currently the sole legal party isthe People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ)

Estoniaparliamentary republic

Ethiopiafederal republic

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)NA

Faroe IslandsNA

Fijirepublic

Finlandrepublic

Francerepublic

French PolynesiaNA

Gabonrepublic; multiparty presidential regime

Gambia, Therepublic

Georgiarepublic

Germanyfederal republic

Ghanaconstitutional democracy

GibraltarNA

Greeceparliamentary republic

Greenlandparliamentary democracy within a constitutional monarchy

Grenadaparliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

GuamNA

Guatemalaconstitutional democratic republic

Guernseyparliamentary democracy

Guinearepublic

Guinea-Bissaurepublic

Guyanarepublic

Haitirepublic

Holy See (Vatican City)ecclesiastical

Hondurasdemocratic constitutional republic

Hong Konglimited democracy

Hungaryparliamentary democracy

Icelandconstitutional republic

Indiafederal republic

Indonesiarepublic

Irantheocratic republic

Iraqparliamentary democracy

Irelandrepublic, parliamentary democracy

Isle of Manparliamentary democracy

Israelparliamentary democracy

Italyrepublic

Jamaicaconstitutional parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealthrealm

Japana parliamentary government with a constitutional monarchy

Jerseyparliamentary democracy

Jordanconstitutional monarchy

Kazakhstanrepublic; authoritarian presidential rule, with littlepower outside the executive branch

Kenyarepublic

Kiribatirepublic

Korea, NorthCommunist state one-man dictatorship

Korea, Southrepublic

Kosovorepublic

Kuwaitconstitutional emirate

Kyrgyzstanrepublic

LaosCommunist state

Latviaparliamentary democracy

Lebanonrepublic

Lesothoparliamentary constitutional monarchy

Liberiarepublic

LibyaJamahiriya (a state of the masses) in theory, governed by thepopulace through local councils; in practice, an authoritarian state

Liechtensteinconstitutional monarchy

Lithuaniaparliamentary democracy

Luxembourgconstitutional monarchy

Macaulimited democracy

Macedoniaparliamentary democracy

Madagascarrepublic

Malawimultiparty democracy

Malaysiaconstitutional monarchynote: nominally headed by paramount ruler (commonly referred to asthe King) and a bicameral Parliament consisting of a nonelectedupper house and an elected lower house; all Peninsular Malaysianstates have hereditary rulers (commonly referred to as sultans)except Melaka and Pulau Pinang (Penang); those two states along withSabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia have governors appointed bygovernment; powers of state governments are limited by federalconstitution; under terms of federation, Sabah and Sarawak retaincertain constitutional prerogatives (e.g., right to maintain theirown immigration controls)

Maldivesrepublic

Malirepublic

Maltarepublic

Marshall Islandsconstitutional government in free association withthe US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 21October 1986 and the Amended Compact entered into force in May 2004

Mauritaniamilitary junta

Mauritiusparliamentary democracy

MayotteNA

Mexicofederal republic

Micronesia, Federated States of constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 3 November 1986 and the Amended Compact entered into force May 2004

Moldovarepublic

Monacoconstitutional monarchy

Mongoliaparliamentary

Montenegrorepublic

MontserratNA

Moroccoconstitutional monarchy

Mozambiquerepublic

Namibiarepublic

Naururepublic

Nepalfederal democratic republic

Netherlandsconstitutional monarchy

Netherlands Antillesparliamentary

New CaledoniaNA

New Zealandparliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Nicaraguarepublic

Nigerrepublic

Nigeriafederal republic

Niueself-governing parliamentary democracy

Norfolk IslandNA

Northern Mariana Islands commonwealth; self-governing with locally elected governor, lieutenant governor, and legislature

Norwayconstitutional monarchy

Omanmonarchy

Pakistanfederal republic

Palauconstitutional government in free association with the US; theCompact of Free Association entered into force 1 October 1994

Panamaconstitutional democracy

Papua New Guineaconstitutional parliamentary democracy and aCommonwealth realm

Paraguayconstitutional republic

Peruconstitutional republic

Philippinesrepublic

Pitcairn IslandsNA

Polandrepublic

Portugalrepublic; parliamentary democracy

Puerto Ricocommonwealth

Qataremirate

Romaniarepublic

Russiafederation

Rwandarepublic; presidential, multiparty system

Saint HelenaNA

Saint Kitts and Nevis parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Saint Luciaparliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Saint Pierre and MiquelonNA

Saint Vincent and the Grenadinesparliamentary democracy and aCommonwealth realm

Samoaparliamentary democracy

San Marinorepublic

Sao Tome and Principerepublic

Saudi Arabiamonarchy

Senegalrepublic

Serbiarepublic

Seychellesrepublic

Sierra Leoneconstitutional democracy

Singaporeparliamentary republic

Slovakiaparliamentary democracy

Sloveniaparliamentary republic

Solomon Islandsparliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Somaliano permanent national government; transitional,parliamentary federal government

South Africarepublic

Spainparliamentary monarchy

Sri Lankarepublic

SudanGovernment of National Unity (GNU) - the National CongressParty (NCP) and Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) formed apower-sharing government under the 2005 Comprehensive PeaceAgreement (CPA); the NCP, which came to power by military coup in1989, is the majority partner; the agreement stipulates nationalelections in 2009

Surinameconstitutional democracy

SvalbardNA

Swazilandmonarchy

Swedenconstitutional monarchy

Switzerlandformally a confederation but similar in structure to afederal republic

Syriarepublic under an authoritarian military-dominated regime

Taiwanmultiparty democracy

Tajikistanrepublic

Tanzaniarepublic

Thailandconstitutional monarchy

Timor-Lesterepublic

Togorepublic under transition to multiparty democratic rule

TokelauNA

Tongaconstitutional monarchy

Trinidad and Tobagoparliamentary democracy

Tunisiarepublic

Turkeyrepublican parliamentary democracy

Turkmenistanrepublic; authoritarian presidential rule, with littlepower outside the executive branch

Turks and Caicos IslandsNA

Tuvalua parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Ugandarepublic

Ukrainerepublic

United Arab Emiratesfederation with specified powers delegated tothe UAE federal government and other powers reserved to memberemirates

United Kingdomconstitutional monarchy and Commonwealth realm

United StatesConstitution-based federal republic; strong democratictradition

Uruguayconstitutional republic

Uzbekistanrepublic; authoritarian presidential rule, with littlepower outside the executive branch

Vanuatuparliamentary republic

Venezuelafederal republic

VietnamCommunist state

Virgin IslandsNA

Wallis and FutunaNA

Western Saharalegal status of territory and issue of sovereigntyunresolved; territory contested by Morocco and Polisario Front(Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio deOro), which in February 1976 formally proclaimed agovernment-in-exile of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR),led by President Mohamed ABDELAZIZ; territory partitioned betweenMorocco and Mauritania in April 1976 when Spain withdrew, withMorocco acquiring northern two-thirds; Mauritania, under pressurefrom Polisario guerrillas, abandoned all claims to its portion inAugust 1979; Morocco moved to occupy that sector shortly thereafterand has since asserted administrative control; the Polisario'sgovernment-in-exile was seated as an Organization of African Unity(OAU) member in 1984; guerrilla activities continued sporadicallyuntil a UN-monitored cease-fire was implemented on 6 September 1991(Security Council Resolution 690) by the United Nations Mission forthe Referendum in Western Sahara or MINURSO

Yemenrepublic

Zambiarepublic

Zimbabweparliamentary democracy

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Field Listing :: Unemployment rate

This entry contains the percent of the labor force that is withoutjobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted.Country Comparison to the WorldCountry

Unemployment rate(%)

Afghanistan 40% (2008 est.) 40% (2005 est.)

Albania12.5% (2008 est.)13.2% (2007 est.)note: these are official rates, but actual rates may exceed 30% dueto preponderance of near-subsistence farming

Algeria 12.8% (2008 est.) 11.8% (2007 est.)

American Samoa 29.8% (2005)

Andorra 0% (2007) 0% (2006)

AngolaNA

Anguilla8% (2002)

Antigua and Barbuda11% (2001 est.)

Argentina 7.9% (2008 est.) 8.5% (2007 est.)

Armenia7.1% (2007 est.)

Aruba6.9% (2005 est.)

Australia4.2% (2008 est.)4.4% (2007 est.)

Austria3.9% (2008 est.)4.4% (2007 est.)

Azerbaijan0.9% (2008 est.)1% (2007 est.)

Bahamas, The7.6% (2006 est.)

Bahrain15% (2005 est.)

Bangladesh 2.5% (2008 est.) 2.5% (2007 est.)

Barbados10.7% (2003 est.)

Belarus1.6% (2005)note: officially registered unemployed; large number ofunderemployed workers

Belgium7% (2008 est.)7.5% (2007 est.)

Belize8.1% (2008)9.4% (2006)

BeninNA%

Bermuda2.1% (2004 est.)

Bhutan2.5% (2004)

Bolivia7.5% (2008 est.)7.5% (2007 est.)note: data are for urban areas; widespread underemployment

Bosnia and Herzegovina29% (2007 est.)45.5% (31 December 2004 est.)note: official rate; gray economy may reduce actual unemployment to25-30%

Botswana7.5% (2007 est.)

Brazil 7.9% (2008 est.) 9.3% (2007 est.)

British Virgin Islands 3.6% (1997)

Brunei3.7% (2008)4% (2006)

Bulgaria6.3% (2008 est.)7.7% (2007 est.)

Burkina Faso77% (2004)

Burma5% (2008 est.)5.2% (2007 est.)

BurundiNA%

Cambodia 3.5% (2007 est.) 2.5% (2000 est.)

Cameroon 30% (2001 est.)

Canada 6.2% (2008 est.) 6% (2007 est.)

Cape Verde21% (2000 est.)

Cayman Islands4.4% (2004)

Central African Republic8% (2001 est.)note: 23% unemployment for Bangui

ChadNA%

Chile7.8% (2008 est.)7% (2007 est.)

China4% (2008 est.)4% (2007 est.)note: official data for urban areas only; including migrants mayboost total unemployment to 9%; substantial unemployment andunderemployment in rural areas

Cocos (Keeling) Islands60% (2000 est.)

Colombia 11.3% (2008 est.) 11.2% (2007 est.)

Comoros20% (1996 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of theNA%

Congo, Republic of theNA%

Cook Islands13.1% (2005)

Costa Rica 4.9% (2008 est.) 4.6% (2007 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire

note: unemployment may have climbed to 40-50% as a result of the civil war

Croatia13.7% (2008 est.)11.8% (2007 est.)

Cuba1.6% (2008 est.)1.8% (2007 est.)

Cyprus3.6% (2008 est.)3.9% (2007 est.)

Czech Republic5.4% (2008 est.)6.6% (2007 est.)

Denmark1.8% (2008 est.)2.8% (2007 est.)

Djibouti59% (2007 est.)note: data are for urban areas, 83% in rural areas

Dominica23% (2000 est.)

Dominican Republic14.1% (2008 est.)15.6% (2007 est.)

Ecuador7.3% (2008 est.)8.8% (2007 est.)

Egypt8.7% (2008 est.)9.1% (2007 est.)

El Salvador6.9% (2008 est.)6.2% (2007 est.)note: data are official rates; but the economy has muchunderemployment

Equatorial Guinea30% (1998 est.)

EritreaNA%

Estonia5.7% (2008 est.)4.7% (2007 est.)

EthiopiaNA%

European Union 7.2% (2008 est.) 8.5% (2006 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Faroe Islands 1.4% (2007) 2.1% (2006)

Fiji 7.6% (1999)

Finland6.4% (2008 est.)6.9% (2007 est.)

France7.4% (2008 est.)7.9% (2007 est.)

French Polynesia11.7% (2005)

Gabon21% (2006 est.)

Gambia, TheNA%

Gaza Strip 41.3% (June 2008) 34.8% (2006)

Georgia13.6% (2006 est.)

Germany7.8% (2008 est.)9% (2007 est.)note: this is the International Labor Organization's estimated ratefor international comparisons; Germany's Federal Employment Officeestimated a seasonally adjusted rate of 10.8%

Ghana11% (2000 est.)

Gibraltar3% (2005 est.)

Greece 7.7% (2008 est.) 8.3% (2007 est.)

Greenland9.3% (2005 est.)

Grenada12.5% (2000)

Guam11.4% (2002 est.)

Guatemala3.2% (2005 est.)

Guernsey0.9% (March 2006 est.)

GuineaNA%

Guinea-BissauNA%

Guyana11% (2007)

HaitiNA%note: widespread unemployment and underemployment; more thantwo-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs

Honduras3.5% (2008 est.)note: high level of underemployment with up to a third of the laborforce seeking more work.

Hong Kong3.5% (2008 est.)4% (2007 est.)

Hungary7.8% (2008 est.)7.3% (2007 est.)

Iceland1.6% (2008 est.)1% (2007 est.)note: this figure climbed to 9.4% as of February 2009

India9.1% (2008 est.)7.2% (2007 est.)

Indonesia8.4% (2008 est.)9.1% (2007 est.)

Iran12.5% (2008 est.)12% (2007 est.)note: data are according to the Iranian Government

Iraq18.2% (2008 est.)18% (2006 est.)note: official data; unofficial estimates as high as 30%

Ireland 6.3% (2008 est.) 4.6% (2007 est.)

Isle of Man 1.5% (December 2006 est.)

Israel6.1% (2008 est.)7.3% (2007 est.)

Italy6.8% (2008 est.)6.2% (2007 est.)

Jamaica11% (2008 est.)9.9% (2007 est.)

Japan4% (2008 est.)3.8% (2007 est.)

Jersey2.2% (2006 est.)

Jordan12.6% (2008 est.)13.5% (2007 est.)note: official rate; unofficial rate is approximately 30%

Kazakhstan6.6% (2008 est.)7.3% (2007 est.)

Kenya40% (2008 est.)40% (2001 est.)

Kiribati2% (1992 est.)

Korea, NorthNA%

Korea, South 3.2% (2008 est.) 3.3% (2007 est.)

Kosovo40% (2007 est.)

Kuwait2.2% (2004 est.)

Kyrgyzstan18% (2004 est.)

Laos2.4% (2005 est.)

Latvia 7.5% (2008 est.) 5.7% (2007 est.)

Lebanon9.2% (2007 est.)

Lesotho45% (2002)

Liberia85% (2003 est.)

Libya30% (2004 est.)

Liechtenstein 1.5% (31 December 2007) 1.3% (September 2002)

Lithuania 5.8% (2008 est.) 3.5% (2007 est.) note: based on survey data, official registered unemployment of 5.7%

Luxembourg4.4% (2008 est.)4.4% (2007 est.)

Macau3% (2008)3.1% (2006)

Macedonia33.8% (2008 est.)34.9% (2007 est.)

MalawiNA%

Malaysia 3.3% (2008 est.) 3.2% (2007 est.)

Maldives14.4% (2006 est.)

Mali30% (2004 est.)

Malta6% (2008 est.)

Marshall Islands36% (2006 est.)30.9% (2000 est.)

Mauritania30% (2008 est.)20% (2004 est.)

Mauritius7.2% (2008 est.)8.8% (2007 est.)

Mayotte25.4% (2005)

Mexico4% (2008 est.)3.7% (2007 est.)note: underemployment is perhaps 25%

Micronesia, Federated States of22% (2000 est.)

Moldova1.5% (2008 est.)

Monaco0% (2005)

Mongolia 2.8% (2008) 3% (2007)

Montenegro14.7% (2007 est.)

Montserrat6% (1998 est.)

Morocco 9.5% (2008 est.) 9.8% (2007 est.)

Mozambique21% (1997 est.)

Namibia5% (2008 est.)

Nauru90% (2004 est.)

Nepal46% (2008 est.)42% (2004 est.)

Netherlands4% (2008 est.)4.6% (2007 est.)

Netherlands Antilles15.5% (2002 est.)

New Caledonia17.1% (2004)

New Zealand 4.2% (2008 est.) 3.6% (2007 est.)

Nicaragua 5.6% (2008 est.) 4.9% (2007 est.) note: underemployment was 46.5% in 2008

NigerNA%

Nigeria4.9% (2007 est.)

Niue12% (2001)

Northern Mariana Islands8% (2005 est.)3.9% (2001)

Norway2.6% (2008 est.)2.5% (2007 est.)

Oman15% (2004 est.)

Pakistan 13.6% (2008 est.) 5.6% (2007 est.) note: substantial underemployment exists

Palau 4.2% (2005 est.)

Panama 5.6% (2008 est.) 6.4% (2007 est.)

Papua New Guinea 1.9% (2004)

Paraguay 5.4% (2008 est.) 5.6% (2007 est.)

Peru8.1% (2008 est.)6.9% (2007 est.)note: data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment

Philippines7.4% (2008 est.)7.3% (2007 est.)

Poland9.8% (2008 est.)12.8% (2007 est.)

Portugal7.6% (2008 est.)8% (2007 est.)

Puerto Rico12% (2002)

Qatar0.4% (2008 est.)0.7% (2007 est.)

Romania4.4% (2008 est.)4.1% (2007 est.)

Russia6.4% (2008 est.)6.2% (2007 est.)

RwandaNA%

Saint Helena14% (1998 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis4.5% (1997)

Saint Lucia20% (2003 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon10.3% (1999)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines15% (2001 est.)

SamoaNA%

San Marino3.1% (2008)

Sao Tome and PrincipeNA%

Saudi Arabia11.8% (2008 est.)13% (2004 est.)note: data are for Saudi males only (local bank estimates; someestimates range as high as 25%)

Senegal48% (2007 est.)

Serbia18.8% (2007 est.)

Seychelles2% (2006 est.)

Sierra LeoneNA%

Singapore2.2% (2008 est.)2.1% (2007 est.)

Slovakia7.7% (2008 est.)8.4% (2007 est.)

Slovenia6.7% (2008 est.)7.7% (2007 est.)

Solomon IslandsNA%

SomaliaNA%

South Africa22.9% (2008 est.)24.3% (2007 est.)

Spain11.3% (2008 est.)8.3% (2007 est.)

Sri Lanka5.2% (2008 est.)6% (2007 est.)

Sudan18.7% (2002 est.)

Suriname9.5% (2004)

Swaziland40% (2006 est.)

Sweden6.2% (2008 est.)6.1% (2007 est.)

Switzerland2.6% (2008 est.)2.8% (2007 est.)

Syria8.6% (2008 est.)9% (2007 est.)

Taiwan4.1% (2008 est.)3.9% (2007 est.)

Tajikistan2.3% (2008 est.)2.4% (2007 est.)note: official rates; actual unemployment is higher

TanzaniaNA%

Thailand1.4% (2008 est.)1.4% (2007 est.)

Timor-Leste20% (2006 est.)note: data are for rural areas, unemployment rises to more than 40%among urban youth

TogoNA%

TokelauNA%

Tonga13% (FY03/04 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago4.6% (2008 est.)4.5% (2007 est.)

Tunisia14.1% (2008 est.)14.1% (2007 est.)

Turkey11% (2008 est.)9.9% (2007 est.)note: underemployment amounted to 4% in 2008

Turkmenistan60% (2004 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands10% (1997 est.)

TuvaluNA%

UgandaNA%

Ukraine3% (2008 est.)2.3% (2007 est.)note: officially registered; large number of unregistered orunderemployed workers

United Arab Emirates2.4% (2001)

United Kingdom5.6% (2008 est.)5.3% (2007 est.)

United States5.8% (2008 est.)4.6% (2007 est.)

Uruguay7.6% (2008 est.)9.2% (2007 est.)

Uzbekistan1% (2008 est.)0.8% (2007 est.)note: officially measured by the Ministry of Labor, plus another 20%underemployed

Vanuatu1.7% (1999)

Venezuela7.4% (2008 est.)8.5% (2007 est.)

Vietnam4.7% (2008 est.)4.3% (2007 est.)

Virgin Islands6.2% (2004)

Wallis and Futuna15.2% (2003)

West Bank16.3% (2008 est.)18.6% (2006)

Western SaharaNA%

World30% (2007 est.)note: combined unemployment and underemployment in manynon-industrialized countries; developed countries typically 4%-12%unemployment

Yemen35% (2003 est.)

Zambia50% (2000 est.)

Zimbabwe80% (2005 est.)

======================================================================

@2137

Field Listing :: Military - note

This entry includes miscellaneous military information of significance not included elsewhere. Country

Military - note

AkrotiriAkrotiri has a full RAF base, Headquarters for BritishForces Cyprus, and Episkopi Support Unit

American Samoadefense is the responsibility of the US

Andorradefense is the responsibility of France and Spain

Anguilladefense is the responsibility of the UK

Antarcticathe Antarctic Treaty prohibits any measures of a militarynature, such as the establishment of military bases andfortifications, the carrying out of military maneuvers, or thetesting of any type of weapon; it permits the use of militarypersonnel or equipment for scientific research or for any otherpeaceful purposes

Argentinathe Argentine military is a well-organized forceconstrained by the country's prolonged economic hardship; thecountry has recently experienced a strong recovery, and the militaryis implementing a modernization plan aimed at making the groundforces lighter and more responsive (2008)

Arubadefense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

Ashmore and Cartier Islandsdefense is the responsibility ofAustralia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and RoyalAustralian Air Force

Barbadosthe Royal Barbados Defense Force includes a land-basedTroop Command and a small Coast Guard; the primary role of the landelement is to defend the island against external aggression; theCommand consists of a single, part-time battalion with a smallregular cadre that is deployed throughout the island; itincreasingly supports the police in patrolling the coastline toprevent smuggling and other illicit activities (2007)

Bermudadefense is the responsibility of the UK

Bouvet Islanddefense is the responsibility of Norway

British Indian Ocean Territorydefense is the responsibility of theUK; the US lease on Diego Garcia expires in 2016


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