Slovenia$7.57 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$5.682 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
South Africa$34.07 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$32.94 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Spain$20.25 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$19.05 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Sri Lanka$2.655 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$3.644 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Sudan$1.399 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$1.378 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Suriname$263.3 million (2006)
Swaziland$752 million (31 December 2008 est.)$774.2 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Sweden$29.72 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$31.04 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Switzerland$74.07 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$75.37 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Syria$6.765 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$6.507 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Taiwan$296.4 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$275 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Tajikistan$195 million (31 December 2008 est.)$328 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Tanzania$2.869 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$2.91 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Thailand$111 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$87.46 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Togo$580 million (31 December 2008 est.)$438 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Tonga$40.83 million (yearend, FY04/05)
Trinidad and Tobago$9.496 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$6.745 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Tunisia$8.853 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$7.854 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Turkey$73.66 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$76.51 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Turkmenistan$13.88 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$13.19 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Uganda$2.301 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$2.56 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Ukraine$31.54 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$32.48 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
United Arab Emirates$31.69 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$77.24 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
United Kingdom$52.98 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$57.3 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
United States$77.65 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$70.57 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Uruguay$6.36 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$4.121 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Uzbekistan$10.15 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$7.413 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Vanuatu$40.54 million (2003)
Venezuela$42.3 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$33.48 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Vietnam$24.18 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$23.75 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Yemen$8.157 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$7.759 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Zambia$1.096 billion (31 December 2008 est.)$1.09 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Zimbabwe$96 million (31 December 2008 est.)$117 million (31 December 2007 est.)
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@2189
Field Listing :: Union name
Country
Union name
European Union conventional long form: European Union abbreviation: EU
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@2190
Field Listing :: Political structure
Country
Political structure
European Uniona hybrid intergovernmental and supranationalorganization
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@2191
Field Listing :: Member states
Country
Member states
European Union27 countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus,Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,Sweden, UK; note - Canary Islands (Spain), Azores and Madeira(Portugal), French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Reunion(France) are sometimes listed separately even though they arelegally a part of Spain, Portugal, and France; candidate countries:Croatia, Macedonia, Turkey
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@2192
Field Listing :: Preliminary statement
Country
Preliminary statement
European UnionThe evolution of the European Union (EU) from aregional economic agreement among six neighboring states in 1951 totoday's supranational organization of 27 countries across theEuropean continent stands as an unprecedented phenomenon in theannals of history. Dynastic unions for territorial consolidationwere long the norm in Europe. On a few occasions even country-levelunions were arranged - the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and theAustro-Hungarian Empire were examples - but for such a large numberof nation-states to cede some of their sovereignty to an overarchingentity is truly unique.Although the EU is not a federation in the strict sense, it is farmore than a free-trade association such as ASEAN, NAFTA, orMercosur, and it has many of the attributes associated withindependent nations: its own flag, anthem, founding date, andcurrency, as well as an incipient common foreign and security policyin its dealings with other nations.In the future, many of these nation-like characteristics are likelyto be expanded. Thus, inclusion of basic intelligence on the EU hasbeen deemed appropriate as a new, separate entity in The WorldFactbook. However, because of the EU's special status, thisdescription is placed after the regular country entries.
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@2193
Field Listing :: Major infectious diseases
This entry lists major infectious diseases likely to be encountered in countries where the risk of such diseases is assessed to be very high as compared to the United States. These infectious diseases represent risks to US government personnel traveling to the specified country for a period of less than three years. The degree of risk is assessed by considering the foreign nature of these infectious diseases, their severity, and the probability of being affected by the diseases present. The diseases listed do not necessarily represent the total disease burden experienced by the local population. The risk to an individual traveler varies considerably by the specific location, visit duration, type of activities, type of accommodations, time of year, and other factors. Consultation with a travel medicine physician is needed to evaluate individual risk and recommend appropriate preventive measures such as vaccines. Diseases are organized into the following six exposure categories shown in italics and listed in typical descending order of risk. Note: The sequence of exposure categories listed in individual country entries may vary according to local conditions. food or waterborne diseases acquired through eating or drinking on the local economy: Hepatitis A - viral disease that interferes with the functioning of the liver; spread through consumption of food or water contaminated with fecal matter, principally in areas of poor sanitation; victims exhibit fever, jaundice, and diarrhea; 15% of victims will experience prolonged symptoms over 6-9 months; vaccine available. Hepatitis E - water-borne viral disease that interferes with the functioning of the liver; most commonly spread through fecal contamination of drinking water; victims exhibit jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, and dark colored urine. Typhoid fever - bacterial disease spread through contact with food or water contaminated by fecal matter or sewage; victims exhibit sustained high fevers; left untreated, mortality rates can reach 20%. vectorborne diseases acquired through the bite of an infected arthropod: Malaria - caused by single-cell parasitic protozoa Plasmodium; transmitted to humans via the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito; parasites multiply in the liver attacking red blood cells resulting in cycles of fever, chills, and sweats accompanied by anemia; death due to damage to vital organs and interruption of blood supply to the brain; endemic in 100, mostly tropical, countries with 90% of cases and the majority of 1.5-2.5 million estimated annual deaths occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Dengue fever - mosquito-borne (Aedes aegypti) viral disease associated with urban environments; manifests as sudden onset of fever and severe headache; occasionally produces shock and hemorrhage leading to death in 5% of cases. Yellow fever - mosquito-borne viral disease; severity ranges from influenza-like symptoms to severe hepatitis and hemorrhagic fever; occurs only in tropical South America and sub-Saharan Africa, where most cases are reported; fatality rate is less than 20%. Japanese Encephalitis - mosquito-borne (Culex tritaeniorhynchus) viral disease associated with rural areas in Asia; acute encephalitis can progress to paralysis, coma, and death; fatality rates 30%. African Trypanosomiasis - caused by the parasitic protozoa Trypanosoma; transmitted to humans via the bite of bloodsucking Tsetse flies; infection leads to malaise and irregular fevers and, in advanced cases when the parasites invade the central nervous system, coma and death; endemic in 36 countries of sub-Saharan Africa; cattle and wild animals act as reservoir hosts for the parasites. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis - caused by the parasitic protozoa leishmania; transmitted to humans via the bite of sandflies; results in skin lesions that may become chronic; endemic in 88 countries; 90% of cases occur in Iran, Afghanistan, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, and Peru; wild and domesticated animals as well as humans can act as reservoirs of infection. Plague - bacterial disease transmitted by fleas normally associated with rats; person-to-person airborne transmission also possible; recent plague epidemics occurred in areas of Asia, Africa, and South America associated with rural areas or small towns and villages; manifests as fever, headache, and painfully swollen lymph nodes; disease progresses rapidly and without antibiotic treatment leads to pneumonic form with a death rate in excess of 50%. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - tick-borne viral disease; infection may also result from exposure to infected animal blood or tissue; geographic distribution includes Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe; sudden onset of fever, headache, and muscle aches followed by hemorrhaging in the bowels, urine, nose, and gums; mortality rate is approximately 30%. Rift Valley fever - viral disease affecting domesticated animals and humans; transmission is by mosquito and other biting insects; infection may also occur through handling of infected meat or contact with blood; geographic distribution includes eastern and southern Africa where cattle and sheep are raised; symptoms are generally mild with fever and some liver abnormalities, but the disease may progress to hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, or ocular disease; fatality rates are low at about 1% of cases. Chikungunya - mosquito-borne (Aedes aegypti) viral disease associated with urban environments, similar to Dengue Fever; characterized by sudden onset of fever, rash, and severe joint pain usually lasting 3-7 days, some cases result in persistent arthritis. water contact diseases acquired through swimming or wading in freshwater lakes, streams, and rivers: Leptospirosis - bacterial disease that affects animals and humans; infection occurs through contact with water, food, or soil contaminated by animal urine; symptoms include high fever, severe headache, vomiting, jaundice, and diarrhea; untreated, the disease can result in kidney damage, liver failure, meningitis, or respiratory distress; fatality rates are low but left untreated recovery can take months. Schistosomiasis - caused by parasitic trematode flatworm Schistosoma; fresh water snails act as intermediate host and release larval form of parasite that penetrates the skin of people exposed to contaminated water; worms mature and reproduce in the blood vessels, liver, kidneys, and intestines releasing eggs, which become trapped in tissues triggering an immune response; may manifest as either urinary or intestinal disease resulting in decreased work or learning capacity; mortality, while generally low, may occur in advanced cases usually due to bladder cancer; endemic in 74 developing countries with 80% of infected people living in sub-Saharan Africa; humans act as the reservoir for this parasite. aerosolized dust or soil contact disease acquired through inhalation of aerosols contaminated with rodent urine: Lassa fever - viral disease carried by rats of the genus Mastomys; endemic in portions of West Africa; infection occurs through direct contact with or consumption of food contaminated by rodent urine or fecal matter containing virus particles; fatality rate can reach 50% in epidemic outbreaks. respiratory disease acquired through close contact with an infectious person: Meningococcal meningitis - bacterial disease causing an inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord; one of the most important bacterial pathogens is Neisseria meningitidis because of its potential to cause epidemics; symptoms include stiff neck, high fever, headaches, and vomiting; bacteria are transmitted from person to person by respiratory droplets and facilitated by close and prolonged contact resulting from crowded living conditions, often with a seasonal distribution; death occurs in 5-15% of cases, typically within 24-48 hours of onset of symptoms; highest burden of meningococcal disease occurs in the hyperendemic region of sub-Saharan Africa known as the "Meningitis Belt" which stretches from Senegal east to Ethiopia. animal contact disease acquired through direct contact with local animals: Rabies - viral disease of mammals usually transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, most commonly dogs; virus affects the central nervous system causing brain alteration and death; symptoms initially are non-specific fever and headache progressing to neurological symptoms; death occurs within days of the onset of symptoms. Country
Major infectious diseases
Afghanistandegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: malariaanimal contact disease: rabiesnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Angoladegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria, African trypanosomiasis (sleepingsickness)water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)
Argentinadegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis Awater contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)
Bangladeshdegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks insome locationswater contact disease: leptospirosisanimal contact disease: rabiesnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Belizedegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malariawater contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)
Benindegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow feverrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitisanimal contact disease: rabies (2009)
Bhutandegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malariawater contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)
Boliviadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and yellow feverwater contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)
Botswanadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: malaria (2009)
Burkina Fasodegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: malaria and yellow feverwater contact disease: schistosomiasisrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitisanimal contact disease: rabiesnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Burmadegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malariawater contact disease: leptospirosisanimal contact disease: rabiesnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Burundidegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: malariawater contact disease: schistosomiasisanimal contact disease: rabies (2009)
Cambodiadegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, andmalarianote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Cameroondegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow feverwater contact disease: schistosomiasisrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitisanimal contact disease: rabies (2009)
Central African Republicdegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: malariarespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitiswater contact disease: schistosomiasisanimal contact disease: rabies (2009)
Chaddegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: malariawater contact disease: schistosomiasisrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitisanimal contact disease: rabies (2009)
Chinadegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: Japanese encephalitis and dengue feversoil contact disease: hantaviral hemorrhagic fever with renalsyndrome (HFRS)animal contact disease: rabiesnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Colombiadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrheavectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and yellow feverwater contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)
Congo, Democratic Republic of thedegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria, plague, and African trypanosomiasis(sleeping sickness)water contact disease: schistosomiasisanimal contact disease: rabies (2009)
Congo, Republic of thedegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: malaria and African trypanosomiasis (sleepingsickness)animal contact disease: rabieswater contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)
Costa Ricadegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrheavectorborne diseases: dengue fever (2009)
Cote d'Ivoiredegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow feverwater contact: schistosomiasisanimal contact disease: rabiesnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Croatiadegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrheavectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitisnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Cubadegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis Avectorborne diseases: dengue fever (2009)
Djiboutidegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: malarianote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Dominican Republicdegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malariawater contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)
Ecuadordegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malariawater contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)
Egyptdegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: Rift Valley feverwater contact disease: schistosomiasisnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
El Salvadordegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue feverwater contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)
Equatorial Guineadegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: malaria and yellow feveranimal contact disease: rabies (2009)
Eritreadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: malaria (2009)
Estoniadegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrheavectorborne disease: tickborne encephalitis (2009)
Ethiopiadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malariarespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitisanimal contact disease: rabieswater contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)
Gabondegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: malaria and chikungunyawater contact disease: schistosomiasisanimal contact disease: rabies (2009)
Gambia, Thedegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malariawater contact disease: schistosomiasisrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitisanimal contact disease: rabies (2009)
Ghanadegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malariawater contact disease: schistosomiasisrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitisanimal contact disease: rabiesnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Guatemaladegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: dengue fever and malariawater contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)
Guineadegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow feverwater contact disease: schistosomiasisanimal contact disease: rabiesaerosolized dust or soil contact disease: Lassa fever (2009)
Guinea-Bissaudegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow feverwater contact disease: schistosomiasisanimal contact disease: rabies (2009)
Guyanadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malariawater contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)
Haitidegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malariawater contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)
Hondurasdegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malariawater contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)
Hungarydegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis Avectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis (2009)
Indiadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E,and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: chikungunya, dengue fever, Japaneseencephalitis, and malariaanimal contact disease: rabieswater contact disease: leptospirosisnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Indonesiadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E,and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: chikungunya, dengue fever, and malarianote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Irandegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrheavectorborne diseases: Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever and malarianote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Iraqdegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevernote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Kenyadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: malaria and Rift Valley feverwater contact disease: schistosomiasisanimal contact disease: rabies (2009)
Laosdegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malarianote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)(2009)
Latviadegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrheavectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis (2009)
Liberiadegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow feverwater contact disease: schistosomiasisaerosolized dust or soil contact disease: Lassa feveranimal contact disease: rabies (2009)
Lithuaniadegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrheavectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis (2009)
Madagascardegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: chikungunya, malaria, and plaguewater contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)
Malawidegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and plaguewater contact disease: schistosomiasisanimal contact disease: rabies (2009)
Malaysiadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrheavectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malarianote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Malidegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: malariawater contact disease: schistosomiasisrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2009)
Mauritaniadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and Rift Valley feverrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitisanimal contact disease: rabies (2009)
Mexicodegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: dengue feverwater contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)
Montenegrodegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrheavectorborne disease: Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (2009)
Mozambiquedegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and plaguewater contact disease: schistosomiasisanimal contact disease: rabies (2009)
Namibiadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: malariawater contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)
Nepaldegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: Japanese encephalitis, malaria, and denguefever (2009)
Nicaraguadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: dengue fever and malariawater contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)
Nigerdegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: malariawater contact disease: schistosomiasisanimal contact disease: rabiesrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitisnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Nigeriadegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: malaria and yellow feverrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitisaerosolized dust or soil contact disease: one of the most highlyendemic areas for Lassa feverwater contact disease: leptospirosis and shistosomiasisanimal contact disease: rabiesnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Pakistandegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E,and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malariaanimal contact disease: rabiesnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Panamadegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrheavectorborne disease: dengue fever and malaria (2009)
Papua New Guineadegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria (2009)
Paraguaydegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: dengue fever and malaria (2009)
Perudegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial, hepatitis A, and typhoidfevervectorborne disease: dengue fever, malaria, and yellow feverwater contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)
Philippinesdegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and Japaneseencephalitiswater contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)
Polanddegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrheavectorborne disease: tickborne encephalitisnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Russiadegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrheavectorborne disease: tickborne encephalitisnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Rwandadegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: malariaanimal contact disease: rabies (2009)
Sao Tome and Principedegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: malariaanimal contact disease: rabies (2009)
Senegaldegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, dengue fever,malaria, Rift Valley fever, and yellow feverwater contact disease: schistosomiasisrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitisanimal contact disease: rabies (2009)
Serbiadegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrheavectorborne disease: Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fevernote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Sierra Leonedegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow feverwater contact disease: schistosomiasisaerosolized dust or soil contact disease: Lassa fever (2009)
Somaliadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and Rift Valley feverwater contact disease: schistosomiasisanimal contact disease: rabies (2009)
South Africadegree of risk: intermediatefood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid feverwater contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)
Sri Lankadegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis Avectorborne disease: dengue fever and chikungunyawater contact disease: leptospirosisanimal contact disease: rabies (2009)
Sudandegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, African trypanosomiasis(sleeping sickness)water contact disease: schistosomiasisrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitisanimal contact disease: rabiesnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Surinamedegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: dengue fever, Mayaro virus, and malariawater contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)
Swazilanddegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: malariawater contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)
Tajikistandegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne disease: malaria (2009)
Tanzaniadegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and plaguewater contact disease: schistosomiasisanimal contact disease: rabies (2009)
Thailanddegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrheavectorborne diseases: dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, andmalariaanimal contact disease: rabieswater contact disease: leptospirosisnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Timor-Lestedegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: chikungunya, dengue fever and malaria (2009)
Togodegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow feverwater contact disease: schistosomiasisrespiratory disease: meningococcal meningitisanimal contact disease: rabiesnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Ugandadegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria, plague, and African trypanosomiasis(sleeping sickness)water contact disease: schistosomiasisanimal contact disease: rabies (2009)
Venezueladegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrheavectorborne disease: dengue fever and malaria (2009)
Vietnamdegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, Japanese encephalitis,and plaguewater contact disease: leptospirosisnote: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified inthis country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare casespossible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Yemendegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, andtyphoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malariawater contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)
Zambiadegree of risk: very highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and plague are high risks in somelocationswater contact disease: schistosomiasisanimal contact disease: rabies (2009)
Zimbabwedegree of risk: highfood or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne disease: malariawater contact disease: schistosomiasisanimal contact disease: rabies (2009)
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@2194
Field Listing :: Refugees and internally displaced persons
This entry includes those persons residing in a country as refugees or internally displaced persons (IDPs). The definition of a refugee according to a United Nations Convention is "a person who is outside his/her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of persecution because of his/her race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion; and is unable or unwilling to avail himself/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution." The UN established the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in 1950 to handle refugee matters worldwide. The UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) has a different operational definition for a Palestinian refugee: "a person whose normal place of residence was Palestine during the period 1 June 1946 to 15 May 1948 and who lost both home and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 conflict." However, UNHCR also assists some 400,000 Palestinian refugees not covered under the UNRWA definition. The term "internally displaced person" is not specifically covered in the UN Convention; it is used to describe people who have fled their homes for reasons similar to refugees, but who remain within their own national territory and are subject to the laws of that state. Country
Refugees and internally displaced persons
AfghanistanIDPs: 132,246 (mostly Pashtuns and Kuchis displaced insouth and west due to drought and instability) (2007)
Algeriarefugees (country of origin): 90,000 (Western SaharanSahrawi, mostly living in Algerian-sponsored camps in thesouthwestern Algerian town of Tindouf)IDPs: undetermined (civil war during 1990s) (2007)
Angolarefugees (country of origin): 12,615 (Democratic Republic ofCongo)IDPs: 61,700 (27-year civil war ending in 2002; 4 million IDPsalready have returned) (2007)
Armeniarefugees (country of origin): 113,295 (Azerbaijan)IDPs: 8,400 (conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh,majority have returned home since 1994 ceasefire) (2007)
Azerbaijanrefugees (country of origin): 2,400 (Russia)IDPs: 580,000-690,000 (conflict with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh)(2007)
Bangladeshrefugees (country of origin): 26,268 (Burma)IDPs: 65,000 (land conflicts, religious persecution) (2007)
Beninrefugees (country of origin): 9,444 (Togo) (2007)
Bosnia and Herzegovinarefugees (country of origin): 7,269 (Croatia)IDPs: 131,600 (Bosnian Croats, Serbs, and Bosniaks displaced in1992-95 war) (2007)
BurmaIDPs: 503,000 (government offensives against ethnic insurgentgroups near the eastern borders; most IDPs are ethnic Karen,Karenni, Shan, Tavoyan, and Mon) (2007)
Burundirefugees (country of origin): 9,849 (Democratic Republic ofthe Congo)IDPs: 100,000 (armed conflict between government and rebels; mostIDPs in northern and western Burundi) (2007)
Cameroonrefugees (country of origin): 20,000-30,000 (Chad); 3,000(Nigeria); 24,000 (Central African Republic) (2007)
Central African Republicrefugees (country of origin): 7,900(Sudan); 3,700 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); note - UNHCRresumed repatriation of Southern Sudanese refugees in 2006IDPs: 197,000 (ongoing unrest following coup in 2003) (2007)
Chadrefugees (country of origin): 234,000 (Sudan); 54,200 (CentralAfrican Republic)IDPs: 178,918 (2007)
Chinarefugees (country of origin): 300,897 (Vietnam); estimated30,000-50,000 (North Korea)IDPs: 90,000 (2007)
ColombiaIDPs: 1.8-3.5 million (conflict between government andillegal armed groups and drug traffickers) (2007)
Congo, Democratic Republic of therefugees (country of origin):132,295 (Angola); 37,313 (Rwanda); 17,777 (Burundi); 13,904(Uganda); 6,181 (Sudan); 5,243 (Republic of Congo)IDPs: 1.4 million (fighting between government forces and rebelssince mid-1990s; most IDPs are in eastern provinces) (2007)
Congo, Republic of therefugees (country of origin): 46,341(Democratic Republic of Congo); 6,564 (Rwanda)IDPs: 48,000 (multiple civil wars since 1992; most IDPs are ethnicLari) (2007)
Costa Ricarefugees (country of origin): 9,699-11,500 (Colombia)(2007)
Cote d'Ivoirerefugees (country of origin): 25,615 (Liberia)IDPs: 709,000 (2002 coup; most IDPs are in western regions) (2007)
CroatiaIDPs: 2,900-7,000 (Croats and Serbs displaced in 1992-95war) (2007)
CyprusIDPs: 210,000 (both Turkish and Greek Cypriots; manydisplaced for over 30 years) (2007)
Djiboutirefugees (country of origin): 8,642 (Somalia) (2007)
Ecuadorrefugees (country of origin): 11,526 (Colombia); note -UNHCR estimates as many as 250,000 Columbians are seeking asylum inEcuador, many of whom do not register as refugees for fear ofdeportation (2007)
Egyptrefugees (country of origin): 60,000 - 80,000 (Iraq); 70,198(Palestinian Territories); 12,157 (Sudan) (2007)
EritreaIDPs: 32,000 (border war with Ethiopia from 1998-2000; mostIDPs are near the central border region) (2007)
Ethiopiarefugees (country of origin): 66,980 (Sudan); 16,576(Somalia); 13,078 (Eritrea)IDPs: 200,000 (border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000, ethnicclashes in Gambela, and ongoing Ethiopian military counterinsurgencyin Somali region; most IDPs are in Tigray and Gambela Provinces)(2007)
Gabonrefugees (country of origin): 7,178 (Republic of Congo) (2007)
Gambia, Therefugees (country of origin): 5,955 (Sierra Leone) (2007)
Gaza Striprefugees (country of origin): 1.017 million (PalestinianRefugees (UNRWA)) (2007)
Georgiarefugees (country of origin): 1,100 (Russia)IDPs: 220,000-240,000 (displaced from Abkhazia and South Ossetia)(2007)
Ghanarefugees (country of origin): 35,653 (Liberia); 8,517 (Togo)(2007)
GuatemalaIDPs: undetermined (the UN does not estimate there are anyIDPs, although some NGOs estimate over 200,000 IDPs as a result ofover three decades of internal conflict that ended in 1996) (2007)
Guinearefugees (country of origin): 21,856 (Liberia); 5,259 (SierraLeone); 3,900 (Cote d'Ivoire)IDPs: 19,000 (cross-border incursions from Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia,Sierra Leone) (2007)
Guinea-Bissaurefugees (country of origin): 7,454 (Senegal) (2007)
Indiarefugees (country of origin): 77,200 (Tibet/China); 69,609(Sri Lanka); 9,472 (Afghanistan)IDPs: at least 600,000 (about half are Kashmiri Pandits from Jammuand Kashmir) (2007)
IndonesiaIDPs: 200,000-350,000 (government offensives againstrebels in Aceh; most IDPs in Aceh, Central Kalimantan, CentralSulawesi Provinces, and Maluku) (2007)
Iranrefugees (country of origin): 914,268 (Afghanistan); 54,024(Iraq) (2007)
Iraqrefugees (country of origin): 10,000-15,000 (PalestinianTerritories); 11,773 (Iran); 16,832 (Turkey)IDPs: 2.4 million (ongoing US-led war and ethno-sectarian violence)(2007)
IsraelIDPs: 150,000-420,000 (Arab villagers displaced from homes innorthern Israel) (2007)
Jordanrefugees (country of origin): 1,835,704 (Palestinian Refugees(UNRWA)); 500,000 (Iraq)IDPs: 160,000 (1967 Arab-Israeli War) (2007)
Kazakhstanrefugees (country of origin): 3,700 (Russia); 508(Afghanistan) (2007)
Kenyarefugees (country of origin): 173,702 (Somalia); 73,004(Sudan); 16,428 (Ethiopia)IDPs: 250,000-400,000 (2007 post-election violence; KANU attacks onopposition tribal groups in 1990s) (2007)
Korea, NorthIDPs: undetermined (flooding in mid-2007 and famineduring mid-1990s) (2007)
KosovoIDP's: 21,000 (2007)
Lebanonrefugees (country of origin): 405,425 (Palestinian refugees(UNRWA)); 50,000-60,000 (Iraq)IDPs: 17,000 (1975-90 civil war, Israeli invasions); 200,000(July-August 2006 war) (2007)
Liberiarefugees (country of origin): 12,600 (Cote d'Ivoire)IDPs: 13,000 (civil war from 1990-2004; IDP resettlement began inNovember 2004) (2007)
Libyarefugees (country of origin): 8,000 (Palestinian Territories)(2007)
MacedoniaIDPs: fewer than 1,000 (ethnic conflict in 2001) (2007)
Malaysiarefugees (country of origin): 15,174 (Indonesia); 21,544(Burma) (2007)
MaldivesIDPs: 1,000-10,000 (December 2004 tsunami victims) (2007)
Malirefugees (country of origin): 6,300 (Mauritania) (2007)
MexicoIDPs: 5,500-10,000 (government's quashing of Zapatistauprising in 1994 in eastern Chiapas Region) (2007)
Montenegrorefugees (country of origin): 7,000 (Kosovo); note -mostly ethnic Serbs and Roma who fled Kosovo in 1999IDPs: 16,192 (ethnic conflict in 1999 and riots in 2004) (2007)
Namibiarefugees (country of origin): 4,700 (Angola) (2007)
Nepalrefugees (country of origin): 107,803 (Bhutan); 20,153(Tibet/China)IDPs: 50,000-70,000 (remaining from ten-year Maoist insurgency thatofficially ended in 2006; displacement spread across the country)(2007)
Nigeriarefugees (country of origin): 5,778 (Liberia)IDPs: undetermined (communal violence between Christians and Muslimssince President OBASANJO's election in 1999; displacement is mostlyshort-term) (2007)
Pakistanrefugees (country of origin): 1,043,984 (Afghanistan)IDPs: undetermined (government strikes on Islamic militants in SouthWaziristan); 34,000 (October 2005 earthquake; most of thosedisplaced returned to their home villages in the spring of 2006)(2007)
Papua New Guinearefugees (country of origin): 10,177 (Indonesia)(2007)
PeruIDPs: 60,000-150,000 (civil war from 1980-2000; most IDPs areindigenous peasants in Andean and Amazonian regions) (2007)
PhilippinesIDPs: 300,000 (fighting between government troops andMILF and Abu Sayyaf groups) (2007)
RussiaIDPs: 18,000-160,000 (displacement from Chechnya and NorthOssetia) (2007)
Rwandarefugees (country of origin): 46,272 (Democratic Republic ofthe Congo); 4,400 (Burundi) (2007)
Saudi Arabiarefugees (country of origin): 240,015 (PalestinianTerritories) (2007)
Senegalrefugees (country of origin): 19,630 (Mauritania)IDPs: 22,400 (approximately 65% of the IDP population returned in2005, but new displacement is occurring due to clashes betweengovernment troops and separatists in Casamance region) (2007)
Serbiarefugees (country of origin): 71,111 (Croatia); 27,414(Bosnia and Herzegovina); 206,000 (Kosovo), note - mostly ethnicSerbs and Roma who fled Kosovo in 1999 (2007)
Sierra Leonerefugees (country of origin): 27,311 (Liberia) (2007)
Solomon IslandsIDPs: 5,400 (displaced by tsunami on 2 April 2007)(2007)
SomaliaIDPs: 1.1 million (civil war since 1988, clan-basedcompetition for resources) (2007)
South Africarefugees (country of origin): 10,772 (DemocraticRepublic of Congo); 7,818 (Somalia); 5,759 (Angola) (2007)
Sri LankaIDPs: 460,000 (both Tamils and non-Tamils displaced due tolong-term civil war between the government and the separatistLiberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)) (2007)
Sudanrefugees (country of origin): 157,220 (Eritrea); 25,023(Chad); 11,009 (Ethiopia); 7,895 (Uganda); 5,023 (Central AfricanRepublic)IDPs: 5.3 - 6.2 million (civil war 1983-2005; ongoing conflict inDarfur region) (2007)
Syriarefugees (country of origin): 1-1.4 million (Iraq); 522,100(Palestinian Refugees (UNRWA))IDPs: 305,000 (most displaced from Golan Heights during 1967Arab-Israeli War) (2007)
Tanzaniarefugees (country of origin): 352,640 (Burundi); 127,973(Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2007)
Thailandrefugees (country of origin): 132,241 (Burma) (2007)
Timor-LesteIDPs: 100,000 (2007)
Togorefugees (country of origin): 5,000 (Ghana)IDPs: 1,500 (2007)
TurkeyIDPs: 1-1.2 million (fighting 1984-99 between Kurdish PKK andTurkish military; most IDPs in southeastern provinces) (2007)
Turkmenistanrefugees (country of origin): 11,173 (Tajikistan); lessthan 1,000 (Afghanistan) (2007)
Ugandarefugees (country of origin): 215,700 (Sudan); 28,880(Democratic Republic of Congo); 24,900 (Rwanda)IDPs: 1.27 million (350,000 IDPs returned in 2006 following ongoingpeace talks between the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) and theGovernment of Uganda) (2007)
United Statesrefugees (country of origin): the US admitted 62,643refugees during FY04/05 including; 10,586 (Somalia); 8,549 (Laos);6,666 (Russia); 6,479 (Cuba); 3,100 (Haiti); 2,136 (Iran) (2006)
Uzbekistanrefugees (country of origin): 39,202 (Tajikistan); 1,060(Afghanistan)IDPs: 3,400 (forced population transfers by government from villagesnear Tajikistan border) (2007)
West Bankrefugees (country of origin): 722,000 (PalestinianRefugees (UNRWA)) (2007)
Worldthe United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)estimated that in December 2006 there was a global population of 8.8million registered refugees and as many as 24.5 million IDPs in morethan 50 countries; the actual global population of refugees isprobably closer to 10 million given the estimated 1.5 million Iraqirefugees displaced throughout the Middle East (2007)
Yemenrefugees (country of origin): 91,587 (Somalia) (2007)
Zambiarefugees (country of origin): 42,565 (Angola); 60,874(Democratic Republic of the Congo); 4,100 (Rwanda) (2007)
Zimbabwerefugees (country of origin): 2,500 (Democratic Republic ofCongo)IDPs: 569,685 (MUGABE-led political violence, human rightsviolations, land reform, and economic collapse) (2007)
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@2195
Field Listing :: GDP (official exchange rate)
This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at official exchange rates (OER) is the home-currency-denominated annual GDP figure divided by the bilateral average US exchange rate with that country in that year. The measure is simple to compute and gives a precise measure of the value of output. Many economists prefer this measure when gauging the economic power an economy maintains vis-a-vis its neighbors, judging that an exchange rate captures the purchasing power a nation enjoys in the international marketplace. Official exchange rates, however, can be artificially fixed and/or subject to manipulation - resulting in claims of the country having an under- or over-valued currency - and are not necessarily the equivalent of a market-determined exchange rate. Moreover, even if the official exchange rate is market-determined, market exchange rates are frequently established by a relatively small set of goods and services (the ones the country trades) and may not capture the value of the larger set of goods the country produces. Furthermore, OER-converted GDP is not well suited to comparing domestic GDP over time, since appreciation/depreciation from one year to the next will make the OER GDP value rise/fall regardless of whether home-currency-denominated GDP changed. Country
GDP (official exchange rate)
Afghanistan$11.71 billion (2008 est.)
Albania$12.96 billion (2008 est.)
Algeria$159.7 billion (2008 est.)
American Samoa$462.2 million (2005)
Andorra$NA
Angola$84.95 billion (2008 est.)
Anguilla$108.9 million (2004 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda$1.224 billion (2008 est.)