Oil - exports:
68,640 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 75
Oil - imports:
133,100 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 60
Oil - proved reserves:
415.8 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 50
Natural gas - production:
3.39 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 51
Natural gas - consumption:
3.39 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 71
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2008) country comparison to the world: 135
Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 100
Natural gas - proved reserves:
335.3 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 38
Current account balance:
-$4.18 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 154 $1.22 billion (2007 est.)
Exports:
$31.53 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 62 $27.88 billion (2007 est.)
Exports - commodities:
copper, gold, zinc, crude petroleum and petroleum products, coffee, potatoes, asparagus, textiles, fishmeal
Exports - partners:
US 20%, China 15.2%, Canada 8.3%, Japan 7%, Chile 5.8%, Brazil 4.2% (2008)
Imports:
$28.44 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 65 $19.6 billion (2007 est.)
Imports - commodities:
petroleum and petroleum products, plastics, machinery, vehicles, iron and steel, wheat, paper
Imports - partners:
US 23.7%, China 10.6%, Brazil 7.5%, Ecuador 6.5%, Chile 5.1%,Argentina 5%, Mexico 4.5% (2008)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$31.25 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 42 $27.78 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Debt - external:
$34.59 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 59 $32.57 billion (31 December 2007)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$30.31 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 58 $24.74 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$1.694 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 67 $2.284 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Exchange rates:
nuevo sol (PEN) per US dollar - 2.91 (2008 est.), 3.1731 (2007), 3.2742 (2006), 3.2958 (2005), 3.4132 (2004)
Communications ::Peru
Telephones - main lines in use:
2.878 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 52
Telephones - mobile cellular:
20.952 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 38
Telephone system:
general assessment: adequate for most requirements
domestic: fixed-line teledensity is only about 10 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity, spurred by competition among multiple providers, has increased to more than 70 telephones per 100 persons; nationwide microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations
international: country code - 51; the South America-1 (SAM-1) and Pan American (PAN-AM) submarine cable systems provide links to parts of Central and South America, the Caribbean, and US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2008)
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 472, FM 198, shortwave 189 (1999)
Television broadcast stations:
13 (plus 112 repeaters) (1997)
Internet country code:
.pe
Internet hosts:
274,592 (2009) country comparison to the world: 58
Internet users:
7.128 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 36
Transportation ::Peru
Airports:
201 (2009) country comparison to the world: 30
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 57
over 3,047 m: 6
2,438 to 3,047 m: 20
1,524 to 2,437 m: 14
914 to 1,523 m: 13
under 914 m: 4 (2009)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 144
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 24
914 to 1,523 m: 39
under 914 m: 79 (2009)
Heliports:
1 (2009)
Pipelines:
extra heavy crude 533 km; gas 1,078 km; liquid petroleum gas 654 km; oil 1,018 km; refined products 15 km (2008)
Railways:
total: 1,989 km country comparison to the world: 73 standard gauge: 1,726 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 263 km 0.914-m gauge (2008)
Roadways:
total: 78,829 km country comparison to the world: 61 paved: 11,351 km (includes 276 km of expressways)
unpaved: 67,478 km (2004)
Waterways:
8,808 km country comparison to the world: 14 note: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km of Lago Titicaca (2008)
Merchant marine:
total: 8 country comparison to the world: 123 by type: cargo 3, chemical tanker 1, petroleum tanker 4
foreign-owned: 1 (Bahamas 1)
registered in other countries: 17 (Belize 1, Panama 16) (2008)
Ports and terminals:
Callao, Iquitos, Matarani, Paita, Pucallpa, Yurimaguas; note -Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Yurimaguas are on the upper reaches of theAmazon and its tributaries
Military ::Peru
Military branches:
Army of Peru (Ejercito Peruano), Navy of Peru (Marina de Guerra delPeru, MGP (includes naval air, naval infantry, and Coast Guard)),Air Force of Peru (Fuerza Aerea del Peru, FAP) (2008)
Military service age and obligation:
18-30 years of age for voluntary male and female military service; no conscription (2008)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16-49: 7,653,898
females age 16-49: 7,531,329 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 5,920,716
females age 16-49: 6,359,803 (2009 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 310,575
female: 300,838 (2009 est.)
Military expenditures:
1.5% of GDP (2006) country comparison to the world: 107
Transnational Issues ::Peru
Disputes - international:
Chile and Ecuador rejected Peru's November 2005 unilateral legislation to shift the axis of their joint treaty-defined maritime boundaries along the parallels of latitude to equidistance lines which favor Peru; organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia have penetrated Peru's shared border; Peru rejects Bolivia's claim to restore maritime access through a sovereign corridor through Chile along the Peruvian border
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
IDPs: 60,000-150,000 (civil war from 1980-2000; most IDPs are indigenous peasants in Andean and Amazonian regions) (2007)
Illicit drugs:
until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru is now the world's second largest producer of coca leaf, though it lags far behind Colombia; cultivation of coca in Peru declined to 36,000 hectares in 2007; second largest producer of cocaine, estimated at 210 metric tons of potential pure cocaine in 2007; finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipment to Europe and Africa; increasing domestic drug consumption
page last updated on November 11, 2009
======================================================================
@Philippines (East & Southeast Asia)
Introduction ::Philippines
Background:
The Philippine Islands became a Spanish colony during the 16th century; they were ceded to the US in 1898 following the Spanish-American War. In 1935 the Philippines became a self-governing commonwealth. Manuel QUEZON was elected president and was tasked with preparing the country for independence after a 10-year transition. In 1942 the islands fell under Japanese occupation during World War II, and US forces and Filipinos fought together during 1944-45 to regain control. On 4 July 1946 the Republic of the Philippines attained its independence. The 20-year rule of Ferdinand MARCOS ended in 1986, when a "people power" movement in Manila ("EDSA 1") forced him into exile and installed Corazon AQUINO as president. Her presidency was hampered by several coup attempts, which prevented a return to full political stability and economic development. Fidel RAMOS was elected president in 1992 and his administration was marked by greater stability and progress on economic reforms. In 1992, the US closed its last military bases on the islands. Joseph ESTRADA was elected president in 1998, but was succeeded by his vice-president, Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, in January 2001 after ESTRADA's stormy impeachment trial on corruption charges broke down and another "people power" movement ("EDSA 2") demanded his resignation. MACAPAGAL-ARROYO was elected to a six-year term as president in May 2004. The Philippine Government faces threats from three terrorist groups on the US Government's Foreign Terrorist Organization list, but in 2006 and 2007 scored some major successes in capturing or killing key wanted terrorists. Decades of Muslim insurgency in the southern Philippines have led to a peace accord with one group and on-again/off-again peace talks with another.
Geography ::Philippines
Location:
Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Philippine Sea and theSouth China Sea, east of Vietnam
Geographic coordinates:
Map references:
Southeast Asia
Area:
total: 300,000 sq km country comparison to the world: 72 land: 298,170 sq km
water: 1,830 sq km
Area - comparative:
slightly larger than Arizona
Land boundaries:
0 km
Coastline:
36,289 km
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: irregular polygon extending up to 100 nm from coastline as defined by 1898 treaty; since late 1970s has also claimed polygonal-shaped area in South China Sea up to 285 nm in breadth
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: to depth of exploitation
Climate:
tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April); southwest monsoon (May to October)
Terrain:
mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal lowlands
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Philippine Sea 0 m
highest point: Mount Apo 2,954 m
Natural resources:
timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, copper
Land use:
arable land: 19%
permanent crops: 16.67%
other: 64.33% (2005)
Irrigated land:
15,500 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:
479 cu km (1999)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
total: 28.52 cu km/yr (17%/9%/74%)
per capita: 343 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards:
astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic storms per year; landslides; active volcanoes; destructive earthquakes; tsunamis
Environment - current issues:
uncontrolled deforestation especially in watershed areas; soil erosion; air and water pollution in major urban centers; coral reef degradation; increasing pollution of coastal mangrove swamps that are important fish breeding grounds
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Geography - note:
the Philippine archipelago is made up of 7,107 islands; favorably located in relation to many of Southeast Asia's main water bodies: the South China Sea, Philippine Sea, Sulu Sea, Celebes Sea, and Luzon Strait
People ::Philippines
Population:
97,976,603 (July 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 12
Age structure:
0-14 years: 35.2% (male 17,606,352/female 16,911,376)
15-64 years: 60.6% (male 29,679,327/female 29,737,919)
65 years and over: 4.1% (male 1,744,248/female 2,297,381) (2009 est.)
Median age:
total: 22.5 years
male: 22 years
female: 23 years (2009 est.)
Population growth rate:
1.957% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 61
Birth rate:
26.01 births/1,000 population (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 64
Death rate:
5.1 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 186
Net migration rate:
-1.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 132
Urbanization:
urban population: 65% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 3% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 20.56 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 104 male: 23.17 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 17.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 71.09 years country comparison to the world: 133 male: 68.17 years
female: 74.15 years (2009 est.)
Total fertility rate:
3.27 children born/woman (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 63
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
less than 0.1% (2003 est.) country comparison to the world: 145
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
8,300 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 110
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
fewer than 200 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 119
Major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and Japanese encephalitis
water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)
Nationality:
noun: Filipino(s)
adjective: Philippine
Ethnic groups:
Tagalog 28.1%, Cebuano 13.1%, Ilocano 9%, Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%, Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5%, Bikol 6%, Waray 3.4%, other 25.3% (2000 census)
Religions:
Roman Catholic 80.9%, Muslim 5%, Evangelical 2.8%, Iglesia ni Kristo 2.3%, Aglipayan 2%, other Christian 4.5%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.6%, none 0.1% (2000 census)
Languages:
Filipino (official; based on Tagalog) and English (official); eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinan
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 92.6%
male: 92.5%
female: 92.7% (2000 census)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total: 12 years
male: 11 years
female: 12 years (2006)
Education expenditures:
2.5% of GDP (2005) country comparison to the world: 158
Government ::Philippines
Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of the Philippines
conventional short form: Philippines
local long form: Republika ng Pilipinas
local short form: Pilipinas
Government type:
republic
Capital:
name: Manila
geographic coordinates: 14 35 N, 121 00 E
time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
80 provinces and 120 chartered cities
provinces: Abra, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Aklan, Albay,Antique, Apayao, Aurora, Basilan, Bataan, Batanes, Batangas,Biliran, Benguet, Bohol, Bukidnon, Bulacan, Cagayan, CamarinesNorte, Camarines Sur, Camiguin, Capiz, Catanduanes, Cavite, Cebu,Compostela, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental, DinagatIslands, Eastern Samar, Guimaras, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur,Iloilo, Isabela, Kalinga, Laguna, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, LaUnion, Leyte, Maguindanao, Marinduque, Masbate, Mindoro Occidental,Mindoro Oriental, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, MountainProvince, Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, North Cotabato,Northern Samar, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Palawan, Pampanga,Pangasinan, Quezon, Quirino, Rizal, Romblon, Samar, Sarangani,Siquijor, Sorsogon, South Cotabato, Southern Leyte, Sultan Kudarat,Sulu, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Tarlac, Tawi-Tawi,Zambales, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay
chartered cities: Alaminos, Angeles, Antipolo, Bacolod, Bago,Baguio, Bais, Balanga, Batac, Batangas, Bayawan, Bislig, Butuan,Cabadbaran, Cabanatuan, Cadiz, Cagayan de Oro, Calamba, Calapan,Calbayog, Candon, Canlaon, Cauayan, Cavite, Cebu, Cotabato, Dagupan,Danao, Dapitan, Davao, Digos, Dipolog, Dumaguete, Escalante, Gapan,General Santos, Gingoog, Himamaylan, Iligan, Iloilo, Isabela, Iriga,Kabankalan, Kalookan, Kidapawan, Koronadal, La Carlota, Laoag,Lapu-Lapu, Las Pinas, Legazpi, Ligao, Lipa, Lucena, Maasin, Makati,Malabon, Malaybalay, Malolos, Mandaluyong, Mandaue, Manila, Marawi,Marikina, Masbate, Mati, Meycauayan, Muntinlupa, Munoz, Naga,Navotas, Olongapo, Ormoc, Oroquieta, Ozamis, Pagadian, Palayan,Panabo, Paranaque, Pasay, Pasig, Passi, Puerto Princesa, Quezon,Roxas, Sagay, Samal, San Carlos (in Negros Occidental), San Carlos(in Pangasinan), San Fernando (in La Union), San Fernando (inPampanga), San Jose, San Jose del Monte, San Juan, San Pablo, SantaRosa, Santiago, Silay, Sipalay, Sorsogon, Surigao, Tabaco, Tacloban,Tacurong, Tagaytay, Tagbilaran, Taguig, Tagum, Talisay (in Cebu),Talisay (in Negros Occidental), Tanauan, Tangub, Tanjay, Tarlac,Toledo, Tuguegarao, Trece Martires, Urdaneta, Valencia, Valenzuela,Victorias, Vigan, Zamboanga (2009)
Independence:
12 June 1898 (independence proclaimed from Spain); 4 July 1946 (from the US)
National holiday:
Independence Day, 12 June (1898); note - 12 June 1898 was date of declaration of independence from Spain; 4 July 1946 was date of independence from US
Constitution:
2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987
Legal system:
based on Spanish and Anglo-American law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO (since 20 January 2001); Vice President (Manuel "Noli" DE CASTRO (since 10 May 2004); note - president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO (since 20 January 2001)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with consent of Commission of Appointments
elections: president and vice president elected on separate tickets by popular vote for a single six-year term; election last held on 10 May 2004 (next to be held in May 2010)
election results: Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO elected president; percent of vote - Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO 40%, Fernando POE 37%, three others 23%
Legislative branch:
bicameral Congress or Kongreso consists of the Senate or Senado (24 seats - one-half elected every three years; members elected at large by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Kapulungan Ng Nga Kinatawan (as a result of May 2007 election it has 240 seats including 218 members representing districts and 22 sectoral party-list members representing special minorities elected on the basis of 1 seat for every 2% of the total vote but limited to 3 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; note - the Constitution prohibits the House of Representatives from having more than 250 members)
elections: Senate - last held on 14 May 2007 (next to be held in May 2010); House of Representatives - elections last held on 14 May 2007 (next to be held in May 2010)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Lakas 4, LP 4, Nacionalista 3, NPC 2, PDP-Laban 2, PMP 2, Kampi 1, LDP 1, PRP 1, independents 3; note - there are 23 rather than 24 sitting senators because one senator was elected mayor of Manila; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Lakas 92, Kampi 54, NPC 25, LP 21, Party-list 22, independents 3, others 26; there are 238 rather than 240 sitting representatives because two died in office
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court (15 justices are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council and serve until 70 years of age); Court of Appeals; Sandigan-bayan (special court for hearing corruption cases of government officials)
Political parties and leaders:
Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino or Kampi [Luis VILLAFUERTE]; Laban ngDemokratikong Pilipino (Struggle of Filipino Democrats) or LDP[Edgardo ANGARA]; Lakas ng EDSA-Christian Muslim Democrats orLakas-CMD [Prospero NOGRALES]; Liberal Party or LP [Manuel ROXAS];Nacionalista Party or NP [Manuel VILLAR]; Nationalist People'sCoalition or NPC [Frisco SAN JUAN]; PDP-Laban [Aquilino PIMENTEL];People's Reform Party [Miriam Defensor SANTIAGO]; Puwersa ng MasangPilipino (Force of the Philippine Masses) or PMP [Joseph ESTRADA];United Opposition or UNO [Jejomar BINAY]
note: Lakas-CMD and Kampi merged on 29 May 2009 to form Lakas-Kampi CMD
Political pressure groups and leaders:
ABONO [Robert ESTRELLA]; AKBAYAN [Anna Theresia BARAQUIEL]; An Waray[Florencio NOEL]; Anak Mindanao [Mujiv HATAMIN]; ANAKPAWIS [RafaelMARIANO]; ARC [Narciso SANTIAGO III]; Association of PhilippineElectric Cooperatives (APEC) [Ernesto PABLO and Edgar VALDEZ]; ATEACHER [Mariano PIAMONTE]; Bayan Muna [Satur OCAMPO and TeodoroCASINO, Jr.]; Black and White Movement [Vicente ROMANO]; BUHAY [ReneVELARDE, Carissa COSCOLLUELLA, and William TIENG]; BUTIL [LeonilaCHAVEZ]; CIBAC [Emmanuel Joel VILLANUEVA]; COOP-NATCO [JosePING-AY]; GABRIELA [Liza MAZA and Luzviminda ILAGAN]; Kilosbayan[Jovito SALONGA]; YACAP [Carol LOPEZ]
International organization participation:
ADB, APEC, APT, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, CP, EAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA,IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO,ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC,MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS (observer), OPCW, PIF (partner), UN,UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMIT,UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Willy C. GAA
chancery: 1600 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone: [1] (202) 467-9300
consulate(s) general: Chicago, Honolulu, Los Angeles, New York, Saipan (Northern Mariana Islands), San Francisco, Tamuning (Guam)
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Kristie A. KENNEY
embassy: 1201 Roxas Boulevard, Ermita 1000, Manila
mailing address: PSC 500, FPO AP 96515-1000
telephone: [63] (2) 301-2000
Flag description:
two equal horizontal bands of blue (top; representing peace and justice) and red (representing courage); a white equilateral triangle based on the hoist side represents equality; the center of the triangle displays a yellow sun with eight primary rays, each representing one of the first eight provinces that sought independence from Spain; each corner of the triangle contains a small, yellow, five-pointed star representing the three major geographical divisions of the country: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao; the design of the flag dates to 1897; in wartime the flag is flown upside down with the red band at the top
Economy ::Philippines
Economy - overview:
Economic growth has averaged 5% since President MACAPAGAL-ARROYO took office in 2001. MACAPAGAL-ARROYO averted a fiscal crisis by pushing for new revenue measures and, until recently, tightening expenditures. Declining fiscal deficits, tapering debt and debt service ratios, and increased spending on infrastructure and social services bolstered optimism over Philippine economic prospects. Although the general macroeconomic outlook improved significantly in recent years, the economy still faces several long term challenges. The Philippines must maintain the reform momentum in order to catch up with regional competitors, improve employment opportunities, and alleviate poverty. The Philippines will need still higher, sustained growth to make progress in alleviating poverty, given its high population growth and unequal distribution of income. The Philippine economy grew at its fastest pace in three decades in 2007 with real GDP growth exceeding 7%, but growth slowed to 3.8% in 2008 as a result of the world financial crisis. High government spending, a relatively small trade sector, a resilient service sector, and large remittances from the four- to five-million Filipinos who work abroad have helped cushion the economy from the current financial crisis.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$318.2 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 38 $306.6 billion (2007 est.)
$286.2 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
$166.9 billion (2008 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
3.8% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 105 7.1% (2007 est.)
5.3% (2006 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$3,300 (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 161 $3,300 (2007 est.)
$3,100 (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 14.7%
industry: 31.6%
services: 53.7% (2008 est.)
Labor force:
36.81 million (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 17
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 35%
industry: 15%
services: 50% (2008 est.)
Unemployment rate:
7.4% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 94 7.3% (2007 est.)
Population below poverty line:
30% (2003 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 2.4%
highest 10%: 31.2% (2006)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
45.8 (2006) country comparison to the world: 40 46.6 (2003)
Investment (gross fixed):
14.8% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 137
Budget:
revenues: $27.05 billion
expenditures: $28.58 billion (2008 est.)
Public debt:
56.9% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 27 74.2% of GDP (September 2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
9.3% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 141 2.8% (2007 est.)
Central bank discount rate:
6% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 113 4.28% (31 December 2007)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
8.75% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 97 8.69% (31 December 2007)
Stock of money:
$22.53 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 34 $21.27 billion (31 December 2007)
Stock of quasi money:
$NA (31 December 2008)
$65.85 billion (31 December 2007)
Stock of domestic credit:
$NA (31 December 2008)
$65.66 billion (31 December 2007)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$52.1 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 47 $103.2 billion (31 December 2007)
$68.38 billion (31 December 2006)
Agriculture - products:
sugarcane, coconuts, rice, corn, bananas, cassavas, pineapples, mangoes; pork, eggs, beef; fish
Industries:
electronics assembly, garments, footwear, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products, food processing, petroleum refining, fishing
Industrial production growth rate:
5% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 48
Electricity - production:
56.57 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 45
Electricity - consumption:
48.96 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 45
Electricity - exports:
0 kWh (2008 est.)
Electricity - imports:
0 kWh (2008 est.)
Oil - production:
25,120 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 71
Oil - consumption:
320,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 40
Oil - exports:
36,720 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 82
Oil - imports:
342,200 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 32
Oil - proved reserves:
138.5 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 62
Natural gas - production:
2.94 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 55
Natural gas - consumption:
2.94 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 74
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2008) country comparison to the world: 127
Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 141
Natural gas - proved reserves:
98.54 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 52
Current account balance:
$4.227 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 36 $7.119 billion (2007 est.)
Exports:
$48.2 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 57 $49.51 billion (2007 est.)
Exports - commodities:
semiconductors and electronic products, transport equipment, garments, copper products, petroleum products, coconut oil, fruits
Exports - partners:
US 16.7%, Japan 15.7%, China 11.1%, Hong Kong 10.1%, Netherlands 7.5%, Singapore 5.3%, South Korea 5.1%, Germany 5% (2008)
Imports:
$60.78 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 47 $57.9 billion (2007 est.)
Imports - commodities:
electronic products, mineral fuels, machinery and transport equipment, iron and steel, textile fabrics, grains, chemicals, plastic
Imports - partners:
US 12.8%, Japan 11.8%, Singapore 10.3%, Saudi Arabia 8.5%, China 7.5%, South Korea 5.2%, Thailand 5%, Malaysia 4.3% (2008)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$37.55 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 34 $33.75 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Debt - external:
$66.27 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 45 $61.78 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$21.4 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 62 $19.88 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$5.81 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 54 $5.584 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Exchange rates:
Philippine pesos (PHP) per US dollar - 44.439 (2008 est.), 46.148 (2007), 51.246 (2006), 55.086 (2005), 56.04 (2004)
Communications ::Philippines
Telephones - main lines in use:
3.905 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 40
Telephones - mobile cellular:
68.102 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 14
Telephone system:
general assessment: good international radiotelephone and submarine cable services; domestic and interisland service adequate
domestic: domestic satellite system with 11 earth stations; cellular communications now dominate the industry; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone density about 80 telephones per 100 persons
international: country code - 63; a series of submarine cables together provide connectivity to Asia, US, the Middle East, and Europe; multiple international gateways (2008)
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 381, FM 628, shortwave 4 (2007)
Television broadcast stations:
250 (plus 1,501 CATV networks) (2007)
Internet country code:
.ph
Internet hosts:
283,607 (2009) country comparison to the world: 55
Internet users:
5.618 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 42
Transportation ::Philippines
Airports:
254 (2009) country comparison to the world: 25
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 85
over 3,047 m: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 28
914 to 1,523 m: 35
under 914 m: 10 (2009)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 169
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 66
under 914 m: 99 (2009)
Heliports:
2 (2009)
Pipelines:
oil 107 km; refined products 112 km (2008)
Railways:
total: 897 km country comparison to the world: 95 narrow gauge: 897 km 1.067-m gauge (492 km are in operation) (2008)
Roadways:
total: 201,910 km country comparison to the world: 25 paved: 21,677 km
unpaved: 180,233 km (2008)
Waterways:
3,219 km (limited to vessels with draft less than 1.5 m) (2008) country comparison to the world: 31
Merchant marine:
total: 391 country comparison to the world: 27 by type: bulk carrier 75, cargo 125, carrier 16, chemical tanker 17, container 6, liquefied gas 5, passenger 6, passenger/cargo 68, petroleum tanker 36, refrigerated cargo 15, roll on/roll off 11, vehicle carrier 11
foreign-owned: 161 (Bermuda 34, China 4, Greece 4, Hong Kong 1, Japan 81, Malaysia 1, Netherlands 23, Norway 10, Singapore 1, Taiwan 1, UAE 1)
registered in other countries: 11 (Comoros 1, Cyprus 1, Hong Kong 1, Indonesia 1, Panama 7) (2008)
Ports and terminals:
Cagayan de Oro, Cebu, Davao, Liman, Manila, Nasipit Harbor
Transportation - note:
the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the South China Sea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargo diverted to ports in East Asia; crews have been murdered or cast adrift
Military ::Philippines
Military branches:
Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP): Army, Navy (includes MarineCorps and Coast Guard), Air Force (2009)
Military service age and obligation:
18-25 years of age (officers 21-29) for compulsory and voluntary military service; applicants must be single male or female Philippine citizens (2007)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16-49: 23,547,252
females age 16-49: 23,177,487 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 19,169,298
females age 16-49: 20,636,853 (2009 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 1,023,431
female: 986,434 (2009 est.)
Military expenditures:
0.9% of GDP (2005 est.) country comparison to the world: 142
Transnational Issues ::Philippines
Disputes - international:
Philippines claims sovereignty over certain of the Spratly Islands, known locally as the Kalayaan (Freedom) Islands, also claimed by China, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Vietnam; the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea," has eased tensions in the Spratly Islands but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct" desired by several of the disputants; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands; Philippines retains a dormant claim to Malaysia's Sabah State in northern Borneo based on the Sultanate of Sulu's granting the Philippines Government power of attorney to pursue a sovereignty claim on his behalf; maritime delimitation negotiations continue with Palau
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
IDPs: 300,000 (fighting between government troops and MILF and AbuSayyaf groups) (2007)
Illicit drugs:
domestic methamphetamine production has been a growing problem in recent years despite government crackdowns; major consumer of amphetamines; longstanding marijuana producer mainly in rural areas where Manila's control is limited
page last updated on November 11, 2009
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@Pitcairn Islands (Australia-Oceania)
Introduction ::Pitcairn Islands
Background:
Pitcairn Island was discovered in 1767 by the British and settled in 1790 by the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions. Pitcairn was the first Pacific island to become a British colony (in 1838) and today remains the last vestige of that empire in the South Pacific. Outmigration, primarily to New Zealand, has thinned the population from a peak of 233 in 1937 to less than 50 today.
Geography ::Pitcairn Islands
Location:
Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about midway betweenPeru and New Zealand
Geographic coordinates:
Map references:
Oceania
Area:
total: 47 sq km country comparison to the world: 233 land: 47 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative:
about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
0 km
Coastline:
51 km
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 3 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate:
tropical; hot and humid; modified by southeast trade winds; rainy season (November to March)
Terrain:
rugged volcanic formation; rocky coastline with cliffs
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Pawala Valley Ridge 347 m
Natural resources:
miro trees (used for handicrafts), fish
note: manganese, iron, copper, gold, silver, and zinc have been discovered offshore
Land use:
arable land: NA
permanent crops: NA
other: NA
Irrigated land:
Natural hazards:
typhoons (especially November to March)
Environment - current issues:
deforestation (only a small portion of the original forest remains because of burning and clearing for settlement)
Geography - note:
Britain's most isolated dependency; only the larger island of Pitcairn is inhabited but it has no port or natural harbor; supplies must be transported by rowed longboat from larger ships stationed offshore
People ::Pitcairn Islands
Population:
48 (July 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 237
Age structure:
0-14 years: NA
15-64 years: NA
65 years and over: NA (2009 est.)
Population growth rate:
0% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 201
Birth rate:
Death rate:
Net migration rate:
NA (2009 est.)
Urbanization:
urban population: 0% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 0% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
Sex ratio:
NA (2009 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA (2008 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: NA
male: NA
female: NA
Total fertility rate:
NA (2008 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Nationality:
noun: Pitcairn Islander(s)
adjective: Pitcairn Islander
Ethnic groups:
descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian wives
Religions:
Seventh-Day Adventist 100%
Languages:
English (official), Pitkern (mixture of an 18th century English dialect and a Tahitian dialect)