Guinea-BissauAfrican Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissauand Cape Verde or PAIGC [Carlos GOMES Junior]; Democratic Allianceor AD [Victor MANDINGA]; Democratic Social Front or FDS [RafaelBARBOSA]; Electoral Union or UE [Joaquim BALDE]; Guinea-Bissau CivicForum/Social Democracy or FCGSD [Antonieta Rosa GOMES];Guinea-Bissau Democratic Party or PDG; Guinea-Bissau SocialistDemocratic Party or PDSG [Serifo BALDE]; Labor and Solidarity Partyor PST [Lancuba INDJAI]; New Democracy Party or PND; Party forDemocratic Convergence or PCD [Victor MANDINGA]; Party for Renewaland Progress or PRP; Party for Social Renewal or PRS [Kumba YALA];Progress Party or PP; Republican Party for Independence andDevelopment or PRID [Aristides GOMES]; Union of Guinean Patriots orUPG [Francisca VAZ]; Union for Change or UM [Amine SAAD]; UnitedPlatform or UP (coalition formed by PCD, FDS, FLING, and RGB-MB);United Popular Alliance or APU; United Social Democratic Party orPUSD [Frnacisco FADUL]
GuyanaAlliance for Change or AFC [Raphael TROTMAN and KhemrajRAMJATTAN]; Guyana Action Party or GAP [Paul HARDY]; Justice for AllParty [C.N. SHARMA]; People's National Congress/Reform or PNC/R[Robert Herman Orlando CORBIN]; People's Progressive Party/Civic orPPP/C [Bharrat JAGDEO]; Rise, Organize, and Rebuild or ROAR [RaviDEV]; The United Force or TUF [Manzoor NADIR]; The Unity Party [JoeyJAGAN]; Vision Guyana [Peter RAMSAROOP]; Working People's Allianceor WPA [Rupert ROOPNARAINE]
HaitiArtibonite in Action or LAAA [Youri LATORTUE]; Assembly ofProgressive National Democrats or RDNP [Leslie MANIGAT]; Conventionfor Democratic Unity or KID [Evans PAUL]; Cooperative Action toBuild Haiti or KONBA [Evans LESCOUFALIR]; Democratic Alliance orALYANS [Evans PAUL] (coalition composed of KID and PPRH); Effort andSolidarity to Create an Alternative for the People or ESKAMP [JosephJASME]; Fanmi Lavalas or FL [Rudy HERIVEAUX]; For Us All or PONT[Jean-Marie CHERESTAL]; Front for Hope or L'ESPWA [Rene PREVAL](alliance of ESKAMP, PLB, and grass-roots organizations Grand-AnseResistance Committee, the Central Plateau Peasants' Group, andKombit Sudest); Haitian Christian Democratic Party or PDCH [OsnerFEVRY and Marie-Denise CLAUDE]; Haitian Democratic and ReformMovement or MODEREH [Dany TOUSSAINT and Pierre Soncon PRINCE]; HeadsTogether or Tet-Ansanm [Dr. Gerard BLOT]; Independent Movement forNational Reconciliation or MIRN [Luc FLEURINORD]; Justice for Peaceand National Development or JPDN [Rigaud DUPLAN]; Liberal Party ofHaiti or PLH [Gehy MICHEL]; Merging of Haitian Social DemocraticParties or FUSION or FPSDH [Serge GILLES] (coalition of AyitiCapable, Haitian National Revolutionary Party, and National Congressof Democratic Movements); Mobilization for Haiti's Development orMPH [Samir MOURRA]; Mobilization for National Development or MDN[Hubert de RONCERAY]; Movement for National Reconstruction or MRN[Jean Henold BUTEAU]; Movement for the Installation of Democracy inHaiti or MIDH [Marc BAZIN]; National Christian Union for theReconstruction of Haiti or UNCRH [Marie Claude GERMAIN]; NationalFront for the Reconstruction of Haiti or FRN [Guy PHILIPPE]; NewChristian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]; Openthe Gate Party or PLB [Anes LUBIN]; Popular Party for the Renewal ofHaiti or PPRH [Claude ROMAIN]; Struggling People's Organization orOPL [Edgard LEBLANC]; Union of Nationalist and Progressive Haitiansor UNITE [Edouard FRANCISQUE]
Holy See (Vatican City)none
HondurasChristian Democratic Party or PDC [Felicito AVILA Ordonez];Democratic Unification Party or PUD [Cesar HAM]; Liberal Party or PL[Roberto MICHELETTI Bain]; National Party or PN [Antonio ALVAREZArias]; Social Democratic Innovation and Unity Party or PINU [JorgeRafael AGUILAR Paredes]
Hong Kongparties: Association for Democracy and People's Livelihoodor ADPL [LIU Sung Lee]; Civic Party [Audrey EU Yuet-mee]; DemocraticAlliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong or DAB [TAMYiu Cheng]; Democratic Party [Albert HO Chun-yan]; League of SocialDemocrats [Raymond WONG Yuk-man]; Liberal Party [Miriam LAUKin-yee]; The Frontier (disbanded)others: Confederation of Trade Unions or CTU; Federation of TradeUnions or FTU; Neighborhood and Workers Service Center or NWSCnote: political blocs include: pro-democracy - ADPL, Civic Party,Democratic Party, League of Social Democrats; pro-Beijing - DAB,Liberal Party, The Professional Forum (an informal group of threegenerally pro-government and pro-business LegCo members fromfunctional constituencies and one independent elected from ageographic constituency); there is no political party ordinance, sothere are no registered political parties; politically active groupsregister as societies or companies
HungaryAlliance of Free Democrats or SzDSz [5 administrators];Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP [Semjen ZSOLT];Hungarian Civic Alliance or Fidesz [Viktor ORBAN, chairman];Hungarian Democratic Forum or MDF [Ibolya DAVID]; HungarianSocialist Party or MSzP [Atilla MESTERHAZY]; Movement for a BetterHungary or Jobbik [Gabor VONA]; Politics Can Be Different or LMP[13-member leadership]
IcelandIndependence Party or IP [Bjarni BENEDIKTSSON]; Left-GreenMovement or LGM [Steingrimur SIGFUSSON]; Progressive Party or PP[Sigmundur David GUNNLAUGSSON]; Social Democratic Alliance or SDA[Johanna SIGURDARDOTTIR]; The Movement [Birgitta JONSDOTTIR]
IndiaAll India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or AIADMK [J.JAYALALITHAA]; All India Trinamool Congress or AITC [MamataBANERJEE]; Bahujan Samaj Party or BSP [MAYAWATI]; Bharatiya JanataParty or BJP [Nitin GADKARI]; Biju Janata Dal or BJD [NaveenPATNAIK]; Communist Party of India or CPI [B. BARDHAN]; CommunistParty of India-Marxist or CPI-M [Prakash KARAT]; Dravida MunnetraKazhagam or DMK [Kalaignar M.KARUNANIDHI]; Indian National Congressor INC [Sonia GANDHI]; Janata Dal (United) or JD(U) [Sharad YADAV];Left Front (an alliance of Indian leftist parties); NationalistCongress Party or NCP [Sharad PAWAR]; Rashtriya Lok Dal or RLD [AjitSINGH]; Samajwadi Party or SP [Mulayam Singh YADAV]; Shiromani AkaliDal or SAD [Parkash Singh BADAL]; Shiv Sena or SS [Bal THACKERAY];Telugu Desam Party or TDP [Chandrababu NAIDU]; note - India hasdozens of national and regional political parties; only parties orcoalitions with four or more seats in the People's Assembly arelisted
IndonesiaDemocrat Party or PD [Anas URANINGRUM]; Functional GroupsParty or GOLKAR [Aburizal BAKRIE]; Great Indonesia Movement Party orGERINDRA [SUHARDI]; Indonesia Democratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P[MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri]; National Awakening Party or PKB [MuhaimanISKANDAR]; National Mandate Party or PAN [Hatta RAJASA]; People'sConscience Party or HANURA [WIRANTO]; Prosperous Justice Party orPKS [Luthfi Hasan ISHAQ]; United Development Party or PPP[Suryadharma ALI]
Iranformal political parties are a relatively new phenomenon inIran and most conservatives still prefer to work through politicalpressure groups rather than parties; often political parties orcoalitions are formed prior to elections and disbanded soonthereafter; a loose pro-reform coalition called the 2nd KhordadFront, which includes political parties as well as less formalgroups and organizations, achieved considerable success in electionsfor the sixth Majles in early 2000; groups in the coalition includedthe Islamic Iran Participation Front (IIPF), Executives ofConstruction Party (Kargozaran), Solidarity Party, Islamic LaborParty, Mardom Salari, Mojahedin of the Islamic RevolutionOrganization (MIRO), and Militant Clerics Society (Ruhaniyun); thecoalition participated in the seventh Majles elections in early2004; following his defeat in the 2005 presidential elections,former MCS Secretary General and sixth Majles Speaker Mehdi KARUBIformed the National Trust Party; a new conservative group, IslamicIran Developers Coalition (Abadgaran), took a leading position inthe new Majles after winning a majority of the seats in February2004; following the 2004 Majles elections, traditional and hardlineconservatives have attempted to close ranks under the United Frontof Principlists and the Broad Popular Coalition of Principlists;several reformist groups, such as the Mujahadin of the IslamicRevolution, came together as a reformist coalition in advance of the2008 Majles elections; the IIPF has repeatedly complained that theoverwhelming majority of its candidates have been unfairlydisqualified from the 2008 elections
IraqBadr Organization [Hadi al-AMIRI]; Da'wa al-Islamiya Party[Prime Minister Nuri al-MALIKI]; Da'wa Tanzim [Hashim al-MUSAWIbranch]; Da-wa Tanzim [Abd al-Karim al-ANZI branch]; Fadilah Party[Hashim al-HASHIMI]; Hadba Gathering [Athil al-NUJAYFI]; IraqiCharter Assembly [Ahmad Abd al-Ghafur al-SAMARRAI]; IraqiConstitutional Party [Jawad al-BULANI]; Iraqi Front for NationalDialogue [Salih al-MUTLAQ]; Iraqi Islamic Party or IIP [Usamaal-TIKRITI]; Iraqi Justice and Reform Movement [Shaykh Abdallahal-YAWR]; Iraqi National Congress or INC [Ahmad CHALABI]; IraqiNational Accord or INA [former Prime Minister Ayad ALLAWI]; IslamicSupreme Council of Iraq or ISCI [Ammar al-HAKIM]; KurdistanDemocratic Party or KDP [Kurdistan Regional Government PresidentMasud BARZANI]; National Gathering [Deputy Prime Minister Rafial-ISSAWI]; National Movement for Reform and Development [Jamalal-KARBULI]; National Reform Trend [former Prime Minister Ibrahimal-JAFARI]; Patriotic Union of Kurdistan or PUK [Jalal TALABANI];Renewal List [Vice President Tariq al-HASHIMI]; Sadrist Trend[Muqtada al-SADR]; Sahawa al-Iraq [Ahmad al-RISHAWI]; Tawafuq Frontnote: numerous smaller local, tribal, and minority parties
IrelandFianna Fail [Brian COWEN]; Fine Gael [Enda KENNY]; GreenParty [John GORMLEY]; Labor Party [Eamon GILMORE]; ProgressiveDemocrats or PD [Noel GREALISH] (formerly dissolved on 20 November2009); Sinn Fein [Gerry ADAMS]; Socialist Party [Joe HIGGINS]; TheWorkers' Party [Michael FINNEGAN]
Isle of ManAlliance for Progressive Government; Liberal VanninParty [Peter KARRAN]; Manx Labor Party; Manx Nationalist Party (MecVannin) [Bernard MOFFATT]note: most members sit as independents
IsraelBalad [Jamal ZAHALKA]; Democratic Front for Peace andEquality (HADASH) [Muhammad BARAKEH]; Kadima [Tzipora "Tzipi"LIVNI]; Labor Party [Ehud BARAK]; Likud [Binyamin NETANYAHU];National Union [Yaakov KATZ]; SHAS [Eliyahu YISHAI]; The Jewish Home(HaBayit HaYehudi) [Daniel HERSCHKOWITZ]; The New Movement-Meretz[Haim ORON]; United Arab List-Ta'al [Ibrahim SARSUR]; United TorahJudaism or UTJ [Yaakov LITZMAN]; Yisrael Beiteinu or YB [AvigdorLIEBERMAN]
ItalyCenter-Right coalition: Lega Nord or LN [Umberto BOSSI];Movement for Autonomy or MpA [Raffaele LOMBARDO]; People of Freedomor PdL [Silvio BERLUSCONI]Center-Left coalition: Democratic Party or PD [Pier Luigi BERSANI];Italy of Values or IdV [Antonio DI PIETRO]other non-allied parties: Future and Liberty Party or FLI[Gianfranco FINI]; Union of the Center or UdC [Pier FerdinandoCASINI]
JamaicaJamaica Labor Party or JLP [Bruce GOLDING]; People'sNational Party or PNP [Portia SIMPSON-MILLER]; National DemocraticMovement or NDM [Michael WILLIAMS]
JapanDemocratic Party of Japan or DPJ [Naoto KAN]; Japan CommunistParty or JCP [Kazuo SHII]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [SadakazuTANIGAKI]; New Komeito or NK [Natsuo YAMAGUCHI]; People's New Partyor PNP [Shizuka KAMEI]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [MizuhoFUKUSHIMA]; Your Party or YP [Yoshimi WATANABE]
Jerseytwo declared parties: Centre Party; Jersey Democratic Alliancenote: all senators and deputies elected in 2008 were independents
JordanArab Ba'ath Socialist Party [Fuad DABBOUR]; Ba'ath ArabProgressive Party [Tayseer al-HAMSI]; Call Party [Mohammed AbuBAKR]; Democratic People's Party [Ablah al-ULBAH]; DemocraticPopular Unity Party [Sa'ed DIAB]; Islamic Action Front or IAF[Hamzeh MANSOUR]; Islamic Center Party [Marwan al-FA'OURI; JordanianCommunist Party [Munir HAMARNEH]; Jordanian National Party [Mona AbuBAKR]; Jordanian United Front [Amjad al-MAJALI]; Life Party [Thaher'AMROU]; Message Party [Hazem QASHOU]; National Constitution Party[Ahmed al-SHUNAQ]; National Current Party [Abd al-Hadi al-MAJALI];National Movement for Direct Democracy [Mohammed al-QAQ]
KazakhstanAdilet (Justice) [Maksut NARIKBAYEV, ZeynullaALSHIMBAYEV, Serik ABDRAHMANOV, Bakhytbek AKHMETZHAN, YerkinONGARBAYEV, Tolegan SYDYKOV] (formerly Democratic Party ofKazakhstan); Agrarian and Industrial Union of Workers Block or AIST(Agrarian Party and Civic Party); Ak Zhol Party (Bright Path)[Alikhan BAYMENOV]; Alga [Vladimir KOZLOV] (unregistered); Auyl(Village) [Gani KALIYEV]; Azat (Freedom) Party [Bolat ABILOV](formerly True Ak Zhol Party); Azat NSDP [co-chaired by Bolat ABILOVand Zharmakhan TUYAKBAY]; Azat and NSDP united in 2009, but theauthorities have refused to register Azat NSDP as a single party;Communist Party of Kazakhstan or KPK [Serikbolsyn ABDILDIN];Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan [Vladislav KOSAREV]; NationalSocial Democratic Party or NSDP [Zharmakhan TUYAKBAY]; Nur-Otan[Bakhytzhan ZHUMAGULOV] (the Agrarian, Asar, and Civic partiesmerged with Otan); Patriots' Party [Gani KASYMOV]; Rukhaniyat(Spirituality) [Altynshash ZHAGANOVA]
KenyaForum for the Restoration of Democracy-Kenya or FORD-Kenya[Musikari KOMBO]; Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-People orFORD-People [Reuben OYONDI]; Kenya African National Union or KANU[Uhuru KENYATTA]; National Rainbow Coalition-Kenya or NARC-Kenya[Martha KARUA]; Orange Democratic Movement or ODM [Raila ODINGA];Orange Democratic Movement-Kenya or ODM-K [Kalonzo MUSYOKA]; Partyof National Unity or PNU [Mwai KIBAKI]; Shirikisho Party of Kenya orSPK [Chirau Ali MWAKWERE]
KiribatiBoutokaan Te Koaua Party or BTK [Taberannang TIMEON];Maneaban Te Mauri Party or MTM [Teburoro TITO]; Maurin Kiribati Patior MKP; National Progressive Party or NPP [Dr. Harry TONG]note: there is no tradition of formally organized political partiesin Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groupsbecause they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or partystructures
Korea, Northmajor party - Korean Workers' Party or KWP [KIM JongIl]; minor parties - Chondoist Chongu Party [RYU Mi Yong] (under KWPcontrol), Social Democratic Party [KIM Yong Dae] (under KWP control)
Korea, SouthDemocratic Party or DP [CHUNG Sye-kyun] (formerly theUnited Democratic Party or UDP); Democratic Labor Party or DLP [KANGKi-kap]; Grand National Party or GNP [AHN Sang-soo]; Liberty ForwardParty or LFP [LEE Hoi-chang]; New Progressive Party or NPP [ROHHoe-chan]; Pro-Park Alliance or PPA [SUH Choung-won]; Renewal KoreaParty or RKP [SONG Yong-o]
KosovoAlbanian Christian Democratic Party of Kosovo or PShDK [TonMARKU]; Alliance for a New Kosovo or AKR [Behgjet PACOLLI]; Alliancefor the Future of Kosovo or AAK [Ramush HARADINAJ]; Alliance ofIndependent Social Democrats of Kosovo and Metohija or SDSKIM[Ljubisa ZIVIC]; Bosniak Vakat Coalition or DSV [Sadik IDRIZI];Citizens' Initiative of Gora or GIG [Murselj HALJILJI]; DemocraticAction Party or SDA [Numan BALIC]; Democratic League of Dardania orLDD [Nexhat DACI]; Democratic League of Kosovo or LDK [FatmirSEJDIU]; Democratic Party of Ashkali of Kosovo or PDAK [BeratQERIMI]; Democratic Party of Bosniaks [Dzezair MURATI]; DemocraticParty of Kosovo or PDK [Hashim THACI]; Independent Liberal Party orSLS [Slobadan PETROVIC]; Kosovo Democratic Turkish Party of KDTP[Mahir YAGCILAR]; New Democratic Initiative of Kosovo or IRDK[Xhevdet NEZIRAJ]; New Democratic Party or ND [Predrag JOVIC]; NewKosovo Alliance or AKR [Behxhet PACOLLI]; Reform Party Ora [TeutaSAHATCIA]; Serb National Party or SNS [Mihailo SCEPANOVIC]; SerbianDemocratic Party of Kosovo and Metohija or SDS KiM [SlavisaPETKOVIC]; Serbian Kosovo and Metohija Party or SKMS [DragisaMIRIC]; Serbian National Council of Northern Kosovo and Metohija orSNV [Milan IVANOVIC]; Social Democratic Party of Kosovo or PSDK[Agim CEKU]; Socialist Party of Kosovo or PSK [Emrush XHEMAJLI];United Roma Party of Kosovo or PREBK [Haxhi Zylfi MERXHA]
Kuwaitnone; formation of political parties is in practice illegalbut is not forbidden by law
KyrgyzstanAr-Namys (Dignity) Party [Feliks KULOV]; Ata-Jurt(Homeland) [Kamchybek TASHIEV, Akhmat KELDIBEKOV]; Ata-Meken(Fatherland) [Omurbek TEKEBAEV]; Butun Kyrgyzstan (All Kyrgyzstan)[Adakhan MADUMAROV, Miroslav NIYAZOV]; Respublika [Omurbek BABANOV];Social-Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan (SDPK) [Almazbek ATAMBAEV]
LaosLao People's Revolutionary Party or LPRP [CHOUMMALI Saignason];other parties proscribed
LatviaAll For Latvia! [Irnants PARADNIEKS, Raivis DZINTARS]; CivicUnion [Sandra KALNIETE, Girts Valdis KRISTOVSKIS]; First Party ofLatvia/Latvia's Way or LPP/LC [Ainars SLESERS]; For a Good Latvia(alliance of TP, LPP/LC); For Human Rights in a United Latvia orPCTVL [Jakovs PLINERS, Tatjana ZDANOKA]; For the Fatherland andFreedom/Latvian National Independence Movement or TB/LNNK [RobertsZILE, Maris GRINBLATS]; Harmony Center or SC [Nils USAKOVS, JanisURBANOVICS]; National Alliance (alliance of TB/LNNK, All ForLatvia!); New Era Party or JL [Solvita ABOLTINA, Dzintars ZAKIS];People's Party or TP [Andris SKELE]; Society for Different Politicsor SCP [Aigars STOKENBERGS; Artis PABRIKS]; The Union of LatvianGreens and Farmers Party or ZZS [Augusts BRIGMANIS]; Unity bloc(alliance of Civic Union, New Era, SCP)
Lebanon14 March Coalition: Democratic Left [Ilyas ATALLAH];Democratic Renewal Movement [Nassib LAHUD]; Future Movement Bloc[Sa'ad al-HARIRI]; Kataeb Party [Amine GEMAYEL]; Lebanese Forces[Samir JA'JA]; Tripoli Independent Bloc8 March Coalition: Development and Resistance Bloc [Nabih BERRI,leader of Amal Movement]; Free Patriotic Movement [Michel AWN];Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc [Mohammad RA'AD] (includes Hizballah[Hassan NASRALLAH]); Nasserite Popular Movement [Usama SAAD];Popular Bloc [Elias SKAFF]; Syrian Ba'th Party [Sayez SHUKR]; SyrianSocial Nationalist Party [Ali QANSO]; Tashnaq [Hovig MEKHITIRIAN]Independent: Democratic Gathering Bloc [Walid JUNBLATT, leader ofProgressive Socialist Party]; Metn Bloc [Michel MURR]
LesothoAlliance of Congress Parties or ACP (including the LesothoPeople's Congress or LCP [Kelebone MAOPE], the Basotholand AfricanCongress or BAC [Khauhelo RALITAPOLE], and a faction of the BasothoCongress Party or BCP [Ntsukunyane MPHANYA]); All Basotho Conventionor ABC [Thomas THABANE]; Basotho Batho Democratic Party or BBDP;Basotho Congress Party or BCP; Basotho Democratic National Party orBDNP [Thabang NYEOE]; Basotho National Party or BNP [Maj. Gen.Justin Metsing LEKHANYA]; Basotholand African National Congress orBANC; Christian Democratic Party or CDP [Enerst RAMOKOENA]; LesothoCongress for Democracy or LCD [Pakalitha MOSISILI] (the governingparty); Lesotho Workers Party or LWP [Macaefa BILLY]; NationalIndependent Party or NIP [Anthony MANYELI]
LiberiaAlliance for Peace and Democracy or APD [Togba-na TIPOTEH];Coalition for the Transformation of Liberia or COTOL [H. VarneySHERMAN]; Congress for Democratic Change or CDC [George WEAH];Liberty Party or LP [Charles BRUMSKINE]; National Patriotic Party orNPP [Roland MASSAQUOI]; Unity Party or UP [Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF]
Libyanone
LiechtensteinDie Freie Liste (The Free List) or FL [WolfgangMARXER]; Fortschrittliche Buergerpartei (Progressive Citizens'Party) or FBP [Alexander BATLINER]; Vaterlaendische Union(Fatherland Union) or VU [Adolf HEEB]
LithuaniaChristian party [Gediminas VAGNORIUS]; Civil DemocracyParty or PDP [Algimantas MATULEVICIUS]; Electoral Action ofLithuanian Poles or LLRA [Valdemar TOMASZEVSKI]; Homeland Union -Lithuanian Christian Democrats or TS-LKD [Andrius KUBILIUS]; LaborParty or DP [Viktor USPASKICH]; Liberal and Center Union or LCS[Gintautas BABRAVICIUS]; Liberal Movement or LS or LRLS [EligijusMASIULIS]; Lithuanian Farmers' Union or LVLS or VLS [ RamunasKARBAUSKIS]; Lithuanian People's Party (not yet officiallyestablished) [Kazimiera PRUNSKIENE]; National Revival or TPP [ArunasVALINSKAS]; New Union (Social Liberal) or NS [Arturas PAULAUSKAS];Order and Justice Party or TT [Rolandas PAKSAS]; Social DemocraticParty or LSDP [Algirdas BUTKEVICIUS]
LuxembourgAlternative Democratic Reform Party or ADR [RobertMEHLEN]; Christian Social People's Party or CSV [Michel WOLTER]; deiLenk/la Gauche (the Left); Democratic Party or DP [Claude MEISCH];Green Party [Francois BAUSCH]; Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Partyor LSAP [Alex BODRY]; other minor parties
MacauAlliance for Change or MUDAR; Macau Development Alliance orNUDM [Angela LEONG On-kei]; Macau-Guangdong Union or UNG; MacauUnited Citizens' Association or ACUM [CHAN Meng-kam]; New DemocraticMacau Association or APMD [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong]; New Hope or NE[Jose Maria Pereira COUTINHO]; Union for Promoting Progress or UPP[LEONG Heng-teng]note: there is no political party ordinance, so there are noregistered political parties; politically active groups register associeties or companies
MacedoniaDemocratic Alliance or DS [Pavle TRAJANOV]; DemocraticParty of Serbs in Macedonia [Ivan STOILJKOVIC]; Democratic Party ofthe Albanians or PDSh/DPA [Menduh THACI]; Democratic Party of Turksin Macedonia [Kenan HASIPI]; Democratic Union for Integration orBDI/DUI [Ali AHMETI]; Internal Macedonian RevolutionaryOrganization—Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity(VMRO-DPMNE) [Nikola GRUEVSKI]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP[Jovan MANSIJEVSKI]; Liberal Party [Borce STOJANOVSKI]; Movement forReconstruction of Macedonia or DOM [Liljana POPOVSKA]; NewAlternative [Gjorgji OROVCANEC]; New Democracy or DR [Imer SELMANI];New Social-Democratic Party or NSDP [Tito PETKOVSKI]; Party forDemocratic Action in Macedonia or SDAM [Avdija PEPIC]; Party forEuropean Future or PEI [Fijat CANOSKI]; Social-Democratic Union ofMacedonia or SDSM [Branko CRVENKOVSKI]; Socialist Party or SP[Ljubisav IVANOV-ZINGO]; Union of Roma of Macedonia [Amdi BAJRAM];United for Macedonia or OM [Ljube BOSKOVSKI]; VMRO-Macedonian[Borislav STOJMENOV]
MadagascarAssociation for the Rebirth of Madagascar or AREMA[Pierrot RAJAONARIVELO]; Democratic Party for Union in Madagascar orPSDUM [Jean LAHINIRIKO]; Economic Liberalism and Democratic Actionfor National Recovery or LEADER/Fanilo [Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO];Fihaonana Party or FP [Guy-Willy RAZANAMASY]; I Love Madagascar orTIM [Marc RAVALOMANANA]; Renewal of the Social Democratic Party orRPSD [Evariste MARSON]
MalawiAlliance for Democracy or AFORD [Dindi NYASULU]; Congress ofDemocrats or CODE [Ralph KASAMBARA]; Democratic Progressive Party orDPP [Bingu wa MUTHARIKA]; Malawi Congress Party or MCP [John TEMBO];Malawi Democratic Party or MDP [Kampelo KALUA]; Malawi Forum forUnity and Development or MAFUNDE [George MNESA]; Maravi People'sParty [Uladi MUSSA]; National Unity Party or NUP [Harry CHIUME]; NewRainbow Coalition Party [Beatrice MWALE]; New Republican Party[Gwanda CHAKUWAMBA]; People's Progressive Movement or PPM [AlekeBANDA]; People's Transformation Movement or PETRA [Kamuzu CHIBAMBO];Republican Party or RP [Stanley MASAULI]; United Democratic Front orUDF [Bakili MULUZI]; United Democratic Party [Kenedy KALAMBO]
MalaysiaNational Front (Barisan Nasional) or BN (ruling coalition)consists of the following parties: Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia Party orPGRM [KOH Tsu Koon]; Liberal Democratic Party (Parti LiberalDemokratik - Sabah) or LDP [LIEW Vui Keong]; Malaysian ChineseAssociation (Persatuan China Malaysia) or MCA [CHUA Soi Lek];Malaysian Indian Congress (Kongres India Malaysia) or MIC[Govindasamy PALANIVEL]; Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah or PBRS [JosephKURUP]; Parti Bersatu Sabah or PBS [Joseph PAIRIN Kitingan]; PartiPesaka Bumiputera Bersatu or PBB [Abdul TAIB Mahmud]; Parti RakyatSarawak or PRS [James MASING]; Sarawak United People's Party (PartiBersatu Rakyat Sarawak) or SUPP [George CHAN Hong Nam]; UnitedMalays National Organization or UMNO [NAJIB bin Abdul Razak]; UnitedPasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organization (Pertubuhan PaskoMomogun Kadazan Dusun Bersatu) or UPKO [Bernard DOMPOK]; People'sProgressive Party (Parti Progresif Penduduk Malaysia) or PPP[M.Kayveas]; Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party or SPDP [WilliamMAWAN])People's Alliance (Pakatan Rakyat) or PR (opposition coalition)consists of the following parties: Democratic Action Party (PartiTindakan Demokratik) or DAP [KARPAL Singh]; Islamic Party ofMalaysia (Parti Islam se Malaysia) or PAS [Abdul HADI Awang];People's Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat) or PKR [WAN AZIZAHWan Ismail]; Sarawak National Party or SNAP [Edwin DUNDANG]independent party: Sabah Progressive Party (Parti Progresif Saban)or SAPP [YONG Teck Lee]
MaldivesAdhaalath (Justice) Party or AP [Shaykh Hussein RASHEEDAhmed]; Dhivehi Quamee Party or DQP [Hassan SAEED]; DhivehiRayyithunge Party (Maldivian People's Party) or DRP [THASMEEN Ali];Gaumii Ithihaad (National Alliance) or GI [Mohamed WAHEED]; IslamicDemocratic Party or IDP; Maldivian Democratic Party or MDP [MariyaDIDI]; Maldives National Congress or MNC; Maldives Social DemocraticParty or MSDP; People's Alliance or PA [Abdullah YAMEEN]; People'sParty or PP; Poverty Alleviation Party or PAP; Republican(Jumhooree) Party or JP [Gasim IBRAHIM]; Social Liberal Party or SLP[Ibrahim ISMAIL]
MaliAfrican Solidarity for Democracy and Independence or SADI[Oumar MARIKO, secretary general]; Alliance for Democracy or ADEMA[Diounconda TRAORE]; Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP (acoalition of political parties including ADEMA and URD formed inDecember 2006 to support the presidential candidacy of AmadouTOURE); Alliance for Democratic Change (political group comprisedmainly of Tuareg from Mali's northern region); Convergence 2007[Soumeylou Boubeye MAIGA]; Front for Democracy and the Republic orFDR (a coalition of political parties including RPM and PARENAformed to oppose the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE);National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL];Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Mady KONATE]; Party forNational Renewal or PARENA [Tiebile DRAME]; Patriotic Movement forRenewal or MPR [Choguel MAIGA]; Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT[Amadou Ali NIANGADOU]; Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim BoubacarKEITA]; Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [MamadouBasir GOLOGO]; Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [MoussaBalla COULIBALY]; Union for Republic and Democracy or URD [SoumailaCISSE]
MaltaAlternativa Demokratika/Alliance for Social Justice or AD[Michael BRIGUGLIO]; Azzjoni Nazzjonaili or AN [Josi MUSCAT]; MaltaLabor Party or PL [Joseph MUSCAT]; Nationalist Party or PN [LawrenceGONZI]
Marshall Islandstraditionally there have been no formally organizedpolitical parties; what has existed more closely resembles factionsor interest groups because they do not have party headquarters,formal platforms, or party structures; the following two "groupings"have competed in legislative balloting in recent years - Aelon KeinAd Party [Michael KABUA] and United Democratic Party or UDP [LitokwaTOMEING]
MauritaniaAlternative or El-Badil [Mohamed Yahdhi Ould MOCTARHACEN]; Coalition of Majority Parties or CPM (parties supporting theregime including PRDR, UPR, RD, HATEM-PMUC, UCD); Coordination ofDemocratic Opposition or COD (coalition of opposition politicalparties opposed to the government including APP, RFD, UFP,PNDD-ADIL, Alternative or El-Badil); Democratic Renewal or RD[Moustapha Ould ABDEIDARRAHMANE]; Mauritanian Party for Unity andChange or HATEM-PMUC [Saleh Ould HANENA]; National Pact forDemocracy and Development or PNDD-ADIL [Yahya Ould Ahmed OuldWAGHEF] (independents formerly supporting President Abdellahi);National Rally for Freedom, Democracy and Equality or RNDLE;National Rally for Reform and Development/RNRD-TAWASSOUL [MohamedJamil MANSOUR] (moderate Islamists); Popular Front or FP [Ch'bihOuld CHEIKH MALAININE]; Popular Progressive Alliance or APP [MessoudOuld BOULKHEIR]; Rally of Democratic Forces or RFD [Ahmed OuldDADDAH]; Republican Party for Democracy and Renewal or PRDR [MintataMint HDEID]; Socialist and Democratic Unity Party or PUDS; Union forDemocracy and Progress or UDP [Naha Mint MOUKNASS]; Union for theRepublic or UPR; Union of Democratic Center or UCD [Cheikh Sid'AhmedOuld BABA]; Union of the Forces for Progress or UFP [Mohamed OuldMAOULOUD];
MauritiusAlliance of the Future or AF [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM](governing coalition - includes MLD, MMSM, MR, MSD, PMXD); MauritianLabor Party or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian MilitantMovement or MMM [Paul BERENGER]; Mauritian Militant SocialistMovement or MMSM [Pravind JUGNAUTH]; Mauritian Socialist MilitantMovement or MSMM [Madan DULLOO]; Mauritian Solidarity Front [CehlFAKEERMEEAH]; Mouvement Republicain or MR [Jayarama VALAYDEN]; PartiMauricien Xavier Duval or PMXD [Xavier Luc DUVAL]; RodriguesMovement or MR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]; Rodrigues PeoplesOrganization or OPR [Serge CLAIR]
MayotteDemocratic Front or FD [Youssouf MOUSSA]; Federation ofMahorans or UMP-RPR [Mansour KAMARDINE]; Force of the Rally and theAlliance for Democracy or FRAP; Mahoran Popular Movement or MPM[Ahmed MADI]; Movement for Department Status Mayotte or MDM[Mouhoutar SALIM]; Renewed Communist Party of Mayotte or MRC [OmarSIMBA]; Socialist Party or PS [Ibrahim ABUBACAR] (local branch ofFrench Parti Socialiste); Union for French Democracy or UDF [HenriJEAN-BAPTISTE]
MexicoConvergence for Democracy or CD [Luis WALTON Aburto];Institutional Revolutionary Party or PRI [Beatriz PAREDES Rangel];Labor Party or PT [Alberto ANAYA Gutierrez]; Mexican GreenEcological Party or PVEM [Jorge Emilio GONZALEZ Martinez]; NationalAction Party (Partido Accion Nacional) or PAN [Gustavo MADEROMunoz]; New Alliance Party (Partido Nueva Alianza) or PNA/PANAL[Jorge Antonio KAHWAGI Macari]; Party of the Democratic Revolution(Partido de la Revolucion Democratica) or PRD [Jesus ORTEGA Martinez]
Micronesia, Federated States ofno formal parties
Moldovarepresented in Parliament: Communist Party of the Republicof Moldova or PCRM [Vladimir VORONIN]; Democratic Party or PD [MihaiLUPU]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLDM [Vladmir FILAT]; LiberalParty or PL [Mihai GHIMPU]not represented in Parliament: Christian Democratic People's Partyor PPCD [Iurie ROSCA]; Conservative Party or PC [Natalia NIRCA];Ecological Party of Moldova "Green Alliance" or PEMAVE [VladimirBRAGA]; European Action Movement or MAE [Veaceslav UNTILA]; ForNation and Country Party or PpNT [Sergiu MOCANU]; Humanist Party ofMoldova or PUM [Valeriu PASAT]; Labor Party or PM [Gheorghe SIMA];National Liberal Party or PNL [Vitalia PAVLICENKO]; Our MoldovaAlliance or AMN [Serafim URECHEAN]; Patriots of Moldova Party or PPM[Mihail GARBUZ]; Popular Republican Party or PPR [Nicolae ANDRONIC];Republican Party of Moldova or PRM [Andrei STRATAN]; Roma SocialPolitical Movement of the Republic of Moldova or MRRM [Ion BUCUR];Social Democratic Party or PSD [Victor SELIN]; Social PoliticalMovement "Equality" or MR [Valeriy KLIMENCO]; United Moldova Partyor PMUEM [Vladimir TURCAN]
MonacoMonaco Together; Rally and Issues for Monaco or REM; Unionfor Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monacoor UNAM)
MongoliaDemocratic Party or DP [Norov ALTANHUYAG]; MongolianPeople's Party or MPP [Sukhbaatar BATBOLD]
MontenegroAlbanian Alternative or AA [Vesel SINISHTAJ]; Coalitionfor European Montenegro (bloc) [Milo DJUKANOVIC] (includesDemocratic Party of Socialists or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC], SocialDemocratic Party or SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC], Bosniak Party of BS[Rafet HUSOVIC], and Croatian Civic Initiative or HGI [MarijaVUCINOVIC); Coalition SNP-NS-DSS (bloc) (includes Socialist People'sParty or SNP [Srdjan MILIC], People's Party of Montenegro or NS[Predrag POPOVIC], and Democratic Serbian Party of Montenegro or DSS[Ranko KADIC]); Democratic League-Party of Democratic Prosperity orSPP [Mehmet BARDHIJ]; Democratic Union of Albanians or DUA [FerhatDINOSHA]; For a Different Montenegro (bloc) [Goran BATRICEVIC](includes Democratic Center or DC [Goran BATRICEVIC] and LiberalParty of Montenegro or LP [Miodrag ZIVKOVIC]); FORCA [Nazif CUNGU];Movement for Changes or PZP [Nebojsa MEDOJEVIC]; National Coalition(includes People's Party of Montenegro or NS [Predrag POPOVIC] andDemocratic Serbian Party of Montenegro or DSS [Ranko KADIC]); NewSerb Democracy or NOVA [Andrija MANDIC]; Socialist People's Party ofMontenegro or SNP [Srdjan MILIC]
MontserratMontserrat Democratic Party or MDP [Lowell LEWIS];Movement for Change and Prosperity or MCAP [Roselyn CASSELL-SEALY];New People's Liberation Movement or NPLM [John A. OSBORNE]
MoroccoAction Party or PA [Mohammed EL IDRISSI]; Al Ahd (TheCovenant) Party [Najib EL OUAZZANI]; Alliance des Libert'es(Alliance of Liberty) or ADL [Ali BELHAJ]; An-Nahj Ad-Dimocrati orAn-Nahj [Abdellah EL HARIF]; Authenticity and Modernity Party or PAM[Mohamed Cheikh BIADILLAH, Secretary General]; Choura et Istiqlal(Consultation and Independence) Party or PCI [Abdelwahed MAACH];Citizens' Forces or FC [Abderrahman LAHJOUJI]; Citizenship andDevelopment Initiative or ICD [Mohamed BENHAMOU]; ConstitutionalUnion Party or UC [Mohammed ABIED]; Democratic and Social Movementor MDS [Mahmoud ARCHANE]; Democratic Forces Front or FFD [Touhami ELKHIARI]; Democratic Socialist Vanguard Party or PADS [AhmedBENJELLOUN]; Democratic Society Party or PSD [Zhor CHEKKAFI];Democratic Union or UD [Bouazza IKKEN]; Environment and DevelopmentParty or PED [Ahmed EL ALAMI]; Istiqlal (Independence) Party or PI[Abbas EL FASSI]; Justice and Development Party or PJD [AbdelilahBENKIRANE]; Labor Party or PT [Abdelkrim BENATIK]; Moroccan LiberalParty or PML [Mohamed ZIANE]; National Democratic Party or PND[Abdallah KADIRI]; National Ittihadi Congress Party or CNI[Abdelmajid BOUZOUBAA]; National Popular Movement or MNP [MahjoubiAHERDANE]; National Rally of Independents or RNI [Mustapha ELMANSOURI]; National Union of Popular Forces or UNFP [AbdellahIBRAHIM]; Popular Movement or MP [Mohamed LAENSER]; Progress andSocialism Party or PPS [Ismail ALAOUI]; Reform and Development Partyor PRD [Abderrahmane EL KOUHEN]; Renaissance and Virtue Party or PRV[Mohamed KHALIDI]; Renewal and Equity Party or PRE [Chakir ACHABAR];Social Center Party or PSC [Lahcen MADIH]; Socialist DemocraticParty or PSD [Aissa OUARDIGHI]; Socialist Union of Popular Forces orUSFP [Abdelwahed RADI]; Unified Socialist Left Party or PGSU[Mohamed Ben Said AIT IDDER]
MozambiqueDemocratic Movement of Mozambique (Movimento Democraticode Mocambique) or MDM [Daviz SIMANGO]; Front for the Liberation ofMozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [ArmandoEmilio GUEBUZA]; Mozambique National Resistance (ResistenciaNacional Mocambicana) or RENAMO [Afonso DHLAKAMA]
NamibiaAll People's Party or APP [Ignatius SHIXWAMENI]; Congress ofDemocrats or COD [Benjamin ULENGA]; Democratic Turnhalle Alliance ofNamibia or DTA [Katuutire KAURA]; Monitor Action Group or MAG [JurieVILJOEN]; National Democratic Movement for Change or NamDMC;National Unity Democratic Organization or NUDO [Kuaima RIRUAKO];Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Hidipo HAMUTENYA];Republican Party or RP [Hendrick MUDGE]; South West Africa NationalUnion or SWANU [Usutuaije MAAMBERUA]; South West Africa People'sOrganization or SWAPO [Hifikepunye POHAMBA]; United Democratic Frontor UDF [Justus GAROEB]
NauruDemocratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru First (Naoero Amo)Party; Nauru Party (informal); note - loose multiparty system
NepalChure Bhawar Rastriya Ekata Party [Keshav Prasad MAINALI];Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist (inactive); Communist Party ofNepal-Marxist Leninist or CPN-ML [C.P. MAINALI]; Communist Party ofNepal-Unified [Raj Singh SHRIS]; Communist Party of Nepal-United[Chandra Dev JOSHI]; Communist Party of Nepal-UnitedMarxist-Leninist or CPN-UML [Jhalanath KHANAL]; Dalit Janajati Party[Vishwendraman PASHWAN]; Federal Democratic National Forum; MadhesiPeople's Rights Forum-Democratic [Bijay Kumar GACHHADAR]; MadhesiPeople's Rights Forum-Nepal [Upendra YADAV]; Nepal LoktantrikSamajbadi Dal [Upendra GACHCHHADAR]; Nepal Pariwar Dal [EknathDHAKAL]; Nepal Sadbhavana Party-Anandi Devi [Sarita GIRI]; NepalWorkers and Peasants Party or [Narayan Man BIJUKCHHE]; NepaliCongress or NC [Sushil KOIRALA]; Nepali Janata Dal [Harish ChandraSHA]; Newa Rastriya Party [Keshav Man SHAKYA]; Rastriya Janamorcha[Chitra Bahadur K.C.]; Rastriya Janamukti Party [Malwar SinghTHAPA]; Rastriya Janashakti Party or RJP [Surya Bahadur THAPA];Rastriya Prajantantra Party [Pashupati Shumsher RANA]; RastriyaPrajantantra Party Nepal [Kamal THAPA]; Sadbhavana Party [RajendraMAHATO]; Samajbadi Prajatantrik Janata Party Nepal [Prem BahadurSINGH]; Terai Madhes Democratic Party [Mahantha THAKUR]; UnifiedCommunist Party of Nepal (Maoist) [Pushpa Kamal DAHAL, also known asPRACHANDA]
NetherlandsChristian Democratic Appeal or CDA [Maxime VERHAGEN];Christian Union [Andre ROUVOET]; Democrats 66 or D66 [AlexanderPECHTOLD]; Green Left [Jolande SAP]; Labor Party or PvdA [JobCOHEN]; Party for Freedom or PVV [Geert WILDERS]; Party for theAnimals or PvdD [Marianne THIEME]; People's Party for Freedom andDemocracy or VVD [Mark RUTTE] (Liberal); Reformed Political Party ofSGP [Kees VAN DER STAAIJ]; Socialist Party [Emile ROEMER]; plus afew minor parties
New CaledoniaCaledonia My Country; Caledonia Together [PhilippeGOMES]; Caledonian Union or UC [Nicholas ABOUT]; CommunistRepublican and Left Party or CRC-SPG [Nichole BORVO COHEN-SEAT];Democratic and European Social Rally or R.D.S.E. [Yvon COLLIN];Front National or FN [Jean-Marie LE PEN]; Kanak Socialist Front forNational Liberation or FLNKS (includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM);National Union for Independence-Kanak and Socialist NationalLiberation Front; Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA [PaulNEAOUTYINE]; Renewed Caledonian Union; Socialist Group [Jean PierreBEL]; Socialist Kanak Liberation or LKS [Nidoish NAISSELINE]; TheFuture Together or AE [Didier LEROUX]; The Rally or UMP [GerardLONGUET]; Union Nationale pour l'Independance or UNI; Union ofPro-Independence Co-operation Committees [Francois BURCK]
New ZealandACT New Zealand [Rodney HIDE]; Green Party [RusselNORMAN and Metiria TUREI]; Maori Party [Tariana TURIA and Dr. PitaSHARPLES]; New Zealand National Party [John KEY]; New Zealand FirstParty or NZ First [Winston PETERS]; New Zealand Labor Party [PhilGOFF]; Jim Anderton's Progressive Party [James (Jim) ANDERTON];United Future New Zealand [Peter DUNNE]
NicaraguaAlliance for the Republic or APRE; Conservative Party orPC [Alejandro BOLANOS Davis]; Independent Liberal Party or PLI[Indalecio RODRIGUEZ]; Liberal Constitutionalist Party or PLC [JorgeCASTILLO Quant]; Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance or ALN [Alejandro MEJIAFerreti]; Sandinista National Liberation Front or FSLN [DanielORTEGA Saavedra]; Sandinista Renovation Movement or MRS [EnriqueSAENZ Navarrete]
NigerAlkalama; Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama orCDS-Rahama [Mahamane OUSMANE]; National Movement for a DevelopingSociety-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Hama AMADOU]; Niger SocialDemocratic Party or PSDN; Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and SocialProgress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDP-Zaman Lahiya [Moumouni DJERMAKOYE];Nigerien Party for Autonomy or PNA-Alouma [Sanousi JACKOU]; NigerienParty for Democracy and Socialism or PNDS-Tarrayya [IssifouMAHAMADOU]; Nigerien Party of the Masses for Labor; NigerienProgressive Party or PPN-RDA; Rally for Democracy and Progress orRDP-jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]; Social and Democratic Rally orRSD-Gaskiyya [Cheiffou AMADOU]
NigeriaAccord Party [Augustine MAZIE, acting]; Action Congress orAC [Bisi AKANDE]; All Nigeria Peoples Party or ANPP [EdwinUME-EZEOKE]; All Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Victor C.UMEH]; Alliance for Democracy or AD [Mojisoluwa AKINFENWA];Conference of Nigerian Political Parities or CNPP [AbdulkadirBalarabe MUSA]; Democratic Peoples Party or DPP [Jeremiah USENI];Fresh Democratic Party [Chris OKOTIE]; Labor Party [Dan NWANYANWU];National Democratic Party or NDP [Aliyu Habu FARI]; PeoplesDemocratic Party or PDP [Vincent OGBULAFOR]; Peoples ProgressiveAlliance [Larry ESIN]
NiueAlliance of Independents or AI; Niue People's Action Party orNPP [Young VIVIAN]
Norfolk Islandnone
Northern Mariana IslandsCovenant Party [Benigno R. FITIAL];Democratic Party [Dr. Carlos S. CAMACHO]; Republican Party [Juan S.REYES]
NorwayCenter Party (Senterpartiet or Sp) [Liv Signe NAVARSETE];Christian People's Party (Kristelig Folkeparti or KrF) [DagfinnHOYBRATEN]; Conservative Party (Hoyre or H) [Erna SOLBERG]; LaborParty (Det norske Arbeiderpartiet or DNA) [Jens STOLTENBERG];Liberal Party (Venstre or V) [Trine SKEI-GRANDE]; Progress Party(Framstegspartiet or FrP) [Siv JENSEN]; Socialist Left Party(Sosialistisk Venstreparti or SV) [Kristin HALVORSEN]
Omannone
PakistanAwami National Party or ANP [Asfandyar Wali KHAN];Balochistan National Party-Awami or BNP-A [Moheem Khan BALOCH];Balochistan National Party-Hayee Group or BNP-H [Dr. Hayee BALOCH];Balochistan National Party-Mengal or BNP-M [Sardar Ataullah MENGAL];Jamaat-i Islami or JI [Syed Munawar HASAN]; Jamhoori Watan Party orJWP; Jamiat Ahle Hadith or JAH [Sajid MIR]; Jamiat Ulema-i IslamFazl-ur Rehman or JUI-F [Fazl-ur REHMAN]; Jamiat Ulema-i IslamSami-ul HAQ or JUI-S [Sami ul-HAQ]; Jamiat Ulema-i Pakistan or JUP[Shah Faridul HAQ]; Muttahida Majlis-e Amal or MMA [Qazi HussainAHMED]; Muttahida Qaumi Movement or MQM [Altaf HUSSAIN]; NationalAlliance or NA [Ghulam Mustapha JATOI] (merged with PML); NationalPeoples Party or NPP; Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party or PKMAP[Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI]; Pakistan Awami Tehrik or PAT [Tahir ulQADRI]; Pakistan Muslim League or PML [Chaudhry Shujaat HUSSAIN];Pakistan Muslim League-Functional or PML-F [Pir PAGARO]; PakistanMuslim League-Nawaz or PML-N [Nawaz SHARIF]; Pakistan Peoples PartyParliamentarians or PPPP [Bilawal Bhutto ZARDARI, chairman; Asif AliZARDARI, co-chairman]; Pakistan Peoples Party-SHERPAO or PPP-S[Aftab Ahmed Khan SHERPAO]; Pakistan Tehrik-e Insaaf or PTI [ImranKHAN]; Tehrik-i Islami [Allama Sajid NAQVI]note: political alliances in Pakistan can shift frequently
Palaunone
PanamaDemocratic Change or CD [Ricardo MARTINELLI]; DemocraticRevolutionary Party or PRD [Francisco SANCHEZ Cardenas]; NationalistRepublican Liberal Movement or MOLIRENA [Sergio GONZALEZ-Ruiz];Panamenista Party [Juan Carlos VARELA Rodriguez] (formerly theArnulfista Party); Patriotic Union Party or UP (combination of theLiberal National Party or PLN and the Solidarity Party or PS)[AnibalGALINDO]; Popular Party or PP [Milton HENRIQUEZ] (formerly ChristianDemocratic Party or PDC)
Papua New GuineaNational Alliance Party or NA [Michael SOMARE];Papua and Niugini Union Party or PANGU PATI [Andrew KUMBAKOR]; PapuaNew Guinea Party or PNGP [Sir Mekere MORAUTA]; People's Action Partyor PAP [Gabriel KAPRIS]; People's Democratic Movement or PDM[Michael OGIO]; United Resources Party or URP [William DUMA]
ParaguayAlianza Patriotica por el Cambio (Patriotic Alliance forChange) or APC [Fernando LUGO]; Asociacion Nacional Republicana -Colorado Party or ANR [Lilian SAMANIEGO]; Movimiento PopolarTekojoja or Tekojoja [Sixto PEREIRA]; Movimiento Union Nacional deCiudadanos Eticos or UNACE [Lino Cesar OVIEDO Silva]; Patria Querida(Beloved Fatherland Party) or PPQ [Pedro Nicolas Maraa FADULNiella]; Partido del Movimiento al Socialismo or P-MAS [CamiloErnesto SOARES Machado]; Partido Democratica Progresista or PDP[Rafael Augusto FILIZZOLA Serra]; Partido Encuentro Nacional or PEN[Fernando CAMACHO Paredes]; Partido Liberal Radical Autentico orPLRA [Amanda NUNEZ]; Partido Pais Solidario or PPS [Carlos AlbertoFILIZZOLA Pallares]
PeruAlliance For Progress (Alianza Para El Progreso) [Cesar ACUNAPeralta]; Alliance For The Future (Alianza Por El Futuro) or AF (acoalition of pro-FUJIMORI parties including Cambio 90, NuevaMayoria, and Si Cumple); Central Front (Frente Del Centro) or FC (acoalition of Accion Popular, Somos Peru, and Coordinadora Nacionalde Independientes) [Victor Andres GARCIA Belaunde]; NationalRenovation Party (Partido Renovacion Nacional) [Rafael REY];National Restoration Party (Restauracion Nacional) or RN [HumbertoLAY Sun]; National Solidarity Party (Partido Solidaridad Nacional)or SN [Luis CASTANEDA Lossio]; Peru Possible (Peru Posible) or PP[Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique]; Peruvian Aprista Party (Partido ApristaPeruano) or PAP [Alan GARCIA Perez] (also referred to by itsoriginal name Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana or APRA);Peruvian Nationalist Party (Partido Nacionalista Peruano) or PNP[Ollanta HUMALA Tasso]; Popular Christian Party (Partido PopularCristiano) or PPC [Lourdes FLORES Nano]; Union for Peru (Union porel Peru) or UPP [Aldo ESTRADA Choque]
PhilippinesLaban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle of FilipinoDemocrats) or LDP [Edgardo ANGARA]; Lakas ng EDSA-Christian MuslimDemocrats or Lakas-CMD [Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO]; Liberal Party orLP [Manuel ROXAS]; Nacionalista Party or NP [Manuel VILLAR];Nationalist People's Coalition or NPC [Frisco SAN JUAN]; PDP-Laban[Aquilino PIMENTEL]; People's Reform Party [Miriam DefensorSANTIAGO]; Puwersa ng Masang Pilipino (Force of the PhilippineMasses) or PMP [Joseph ESTRADA]; United Opposition or UNO [JejomarBINAY]
Pitcairn Islandsnone
PolandCivic Platform or PO [Donald TUSK, chairman; TomaszTOMCZYKIEWICZ, parliamentary caucus leader]; Democratic Caucus ofthe Democratic Party (SD) or DKP SD [Bogdan LIS, parliamentarycaucus leader]; Democratic Left Alliance or SLD [GrzegorzNAPIERALSKI, chairman, parlimentary caucus leader]; Democratic Partyor PD [Brygida KUZNIAK, chairwoman]; Democratic Party or SD [PawelPISKORSKI, chairman]; German Minority of Lower Silesia or MNSO[Richard GALL, representative]; Law and Justice or PiS [JaroslawKACZYNSKI, chairman; Mariusz BLASZCZAK, parliamentary caucusleader]; League of Polish Families or LPR [Witold BALAZAK,chairman]; Poland is the most important or PJN [JoannaKLUZIK-ROSTKOWSKA, president]; Polish People's Party or PSL[Waldemar PAWLAK, chairman; Stanislaw ZELICHOWSKI, parliamentarycaucus leader]; Samoobrona or SO [Andrzej LEPPER, chairman]; SocialDemocratic Party of Poland or SDPL [Wojciech FILEMONOWICZ, chairman;Marek BOROWSKI, parliamentary caucus leader]; Union of Labor or UP[Waldemar WITKOWSKI, chairman]
PortugalDemocratic and Social Center/Popular Party or CDS/PP [PauloPORTAS]; Socialist Party or PS [Jose SOCRATES Carvalho Pinto deSousa]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Pedro Manuel PASSOS COELHO];The Left Bloc or BE [Franciso Anacleto LOUCA]; Unitarian DemocraticCoalition or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes Portuguese CommunistParty or PCP and Ecologist Party ("The Greens") or PEV)
Puerto RicoNational Democratic Party [Roberto PRATS]; NationalRepublican Party of Puerto Rico [Dr. Tiody FERRE]; New ProgressiveParty or PNP [Pedro ROSSELLO] (pro-US statehood); Popular DemocraticParty or PPD [Anibal ACEVEDO-VILA] (pro-commonwealth); Puerto RicanIndependence Party or PIP [Ruben BERRIOS Martinez] (pro-independence)
Qatarnone
RomaniaConservative Party or PC [Daniel CONSTANTIN] (formerlyHumanist Party or PUR); Democratic Liberal Party or PDL [Emil BOC];Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania or UDMR [Bela MARKO];National Liberal Party or PNL [Crin ANTONESCU]; National Union forRomania's Progress or UNPR [Gabriel OPREA]; Social Democratic Partyor PSD [Victor PONTA] (formerly Party of Social Democracy in Romaniaor PDSR)
RussiaA Just Russia [Sergey MIRONOV]; Communist Party of theRussian Federation or CPRF [Gennadiy Andreyevich ZYUGANOV]; LiberalDemocratic Party of Russia or LDPR [Vladimir VolfovichZHIRINOVSKIY]; Patriots of Russia [Gennadiy SEMIGIN]; Right Cause[Leonid Yakovlevich GOZMAN, Boris Yuriyevich TITOV, and GeorgiyGeorgiyevich BOVT] (formed from merger of Civic Force, DemocraticParty of Russia, and Union of Right Forces); United Russia [VladimirVladimirovich PUTIN]; Yabloko Party [Sergey Sergeyevich MITROKHIN]
RwandaCentrist Democratic Party or PDC [Alfred MUKEZAMFURA];Democratic Popular Union of Rwanda or UDPR [Adrien RANGIRA];Democratic Republican Movement or MDR [Celestin KABANDA] (officiallybanned); Islamic Democratic Party or PDI [Andre BUMAYA]; LiberalParty or PL [Protais MITALI]; Party for Democratic Renewal(officially banned); Rwandan Patriotic Front or RPF [Paul KAGAME];Social Democratic Party or PSD [Vincent BIRUTA]; Solidarity andProsperity Party or PSP [Pheobe KANYANGE]
Saint BarthelemyAction-Equilibre-Transparence [Maxime DESOUCHES];Ensemble pour Saint-Barthelemy [Benoit CHAUVIN]; Saint-Barthd'Abord! or SBA [Bruno MAGRAS]; Tous Unis pour Saint-Barthelemy[Karine MIOT-RICHARD]
Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunhanone
Saint Kitts and NevisConcerned Citizens Movement or CCM [VanceAMORY]; Nevis Reformation Party or NRP [Joseph PARRY]; People'sAction Movement or PAM [Lindsay GRANT]; Saint Kitts and Nevis LaborParty or SKNLP [Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS]
Saint LuciaNational Alliance or NA [George ODLUM]; Saint LuciaFreedom Party or SFP [Martinus FRANCOIS]; Saint Lucia Labor Party orSLP [Kenneth ANTHONY]; Sou Tout Apwe Fete Fini or STAFF [ChristopherHUNTE]; United Workers Party or UWP [Stephenson KING]
Saint MartinUnion Pour le Progres or UPP [Louis-Constant FLEMING];Rassemblement Responsabilite Reussite or RRR [Alain RICHARDSON];Reussir Saint-Martin [Jean-Luc HAMLET]
Saint Pierre and MiquelonArchipelago Tomorrow or AD (affiliatedwith UDF/RPR list); Cap sur l'Avenir (affiliated with PRG); LeftRadical Party or PRG; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR (nowUMP); Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2000/Avenir Miquelon or SPM 2000/AM;Socialist Party or PS; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF
Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesNew Democratic Party or NDP [ArnhimEUSTACE]; Unity Labor Party or ULP [Ralph GONSALVES] (formed by thecoalition of Saint Vincent Labor Party or SVLP and the Movement forNational Unity or MNU)
SamoaHuman Rights Protection Party or HRPP [Sailele MalielegaoiTUILA'EPA]; Samoa Christian Party or TCP [Tuala Tiresa MALIETOA];Samoa Democratic United Party or SDUP [LE MAMEA Ropati]; Samoa Partyor SP [Su'a Rimoni Ah CHONG]; Samoa Progressive Political Party orSPPP [Toeolesulusulu SIUEVA]
San MarinoChristian Democrats or PDCS [Pasquale VALENTINI];Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Democrats of the Centeror DdC [Giovanni LONGERNINI]; Freedom List (including NPS and WeSammarinesi) or NS [Gabriele GATTEI]; New Socialist Party or NPS[Augusto CASALI]; Party of Socialists and Democrats or PDS [ParideANDREOLI]; Popular Alliance or AP [Carlo FRANCIOSI]; Union ofModerates (including National Alliance or ANS [Glcuco SANSOVINI] andSan Marino Populars or pop [Romeo MORRI and Angela VENTURINI];United Left of SU [Alessandro ROSSI]
Sao Tome and PrincipeForce for Change Democratic Movement or MDFM[Tome Soares da VERA CRUZ]; Independent Democratic Action or ADI[Patrice TROVOADA]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome andPrincipe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Rafael BRANCO]; NewWay Movement or NR; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [DelfimNEVES]; Ue-Kedadji coalition; other small parties
Saudi Arabianone
SenegalAfrican Party of Independence [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance forthe Republic-Yakaar [Macky Sall]; Alliance of Forces of Progress orAFP [Moustapha NIASSE]; And-Jef/African Party for Democracy andSocialism or AJ/PADS [Landing SAVANE]; Democratic League-Labor PartyMovement or LD-MPT [Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front for Socialism andDemocracy/Benno Jubel or FSD/BJ [Cheikh Abdoulaye Bamba DIEYE];Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]; Independence and LaborParty or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; Jef-Jel [Talla SYLLA]; NationalDemocratic Rally or RND [Madior DIOUF]; People's Labor Party or PTP[El Hadji DIOUF]; Reform Party or PR [Abdourahim AGNE]; Rewmi Party[Idrissa Seck]; Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE];Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]; SOPI Coalition[Abdoulaye WADE] (a coalition led by the PDS); Union for DemocraticRenewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]
SerbiaCoalition for Sandzak or KZS [Sulejman UGLJANIN]; DemocraticParty or DS [Boris TADIC]; Democratic Party of Albanians or PDSh[Ragmi MUSTAFA]; Democratic Party of Serbia or DSS [VojislavKOSTUNICA]; Democratic Union of the Valley or BDL [Skender DESTANI];Force of Serbia Movement or PSS [Bogoljub KARIC]; G17 Plus [MladjanDINKIC]; League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina or LSV [NenadCANAK]; League of Vojvodina Hungarians or SVM [Istvan PASTOR];Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Cedomir JOVANOVIC]; Movement forDemocratic Progress or LPD [Jonuz MUSLIU]; New Serbia or NS [VelimirILIC]; Party of Democratic Action or PVD [Riza HALIMI]; Party ofUnited Pensioners of Serbia or PUPS [Jovan KRKOBABIC]; People'sParty or NS [Maja GOJKOVIC]; Roma Party or RP [Srdjan SAJN]; SandzakDemocratic Party or SDP [Resad HODZIC]; Serbian Progressive Party orSNS [Tomislav NIKOLIC]; Serbian Radical Party or SRS [VojislavSESELJ (currently on trial at The Hague), with Dragan TODOROVIC asacting leader]; Serbian Renewal Movement or SPO [Vuk DRASKOVIC];Social Democratic Party of Serbia or SDPS [Rasim LJAJIC]; SocialistParty of Serbia or SPS [Ivica DACIC]; Union of Roma of Serbia or URS[Rajko DJURIC]; United Serbia or JS [Dragan "Palma" MARKOVIC]
SeychellesDemocratic Party or DP [James MANCHAM, Paul CHOW];People's Party (Parti Lepep) or PL [France Albert RENE, JamesMICHEL] (the governing party); Seychelles National Party or SNP[Wavel RAMKALAWAN] (formerly the United Opposition or UO)
Sierra LeoneAll People's Congress or APC [Ernest Bai KOROMA]; Peaceand Liberation Party or PLP [Darlington MORRISON]; People's Movementfor Democratic Change or PMDC [Charles MARGAI]; Sierra LeonePeople's Party or SLPP [Solomon BEREWA]; numerous others
SingaporePeople's Action Party or PAP [LEE Hsien Loong]; ReformParty [NG Teck Siong]; Singapore Democratic Alliance or SDA [CHIAMSee Tong]; Singapore Democratic Party or SDP [CHEE Soon Juan];Workers' Party or WP [Sylvia LIM Swee Lian]note: SDA includes Singapore Justice Party or SJP, SingaporeNational Malay Organization or PKMS, Singapore People's Party or SPP
Sint MaartenDemocratic Party or DP [Sarah WESCOTT-WILLIAMS];National Alliance or NA [William MARLIN]; United People's Party orUPP [Theodore HEYLIGER]; Concordia Political Alliance or CPA[Jeffery RICHARDSON]
Slovakiaparties in the Parliament:: Bridge or Most-Hid [BelaBUGAR]; Christian Democratic Movement or KDH [Jan FIGEL];Direction-Social Democracy or Smer-SD [Robert FICO]; Freedom andSolidarity or SaS [Richard SULIK]; Slovak Democratic and ChristianUnion-Democratic Party or SDKU-DS [Mikulas DZURINDA]; SlovakNational Party or SNS [Jan SLOTA]selected parties outside the Parliament:: Alliance for a Europe ofNations or AZEN [Milan URBANI]; Association of Slovak Workers or ZRS[Jan LUPTAK]; Civic Conservative Party or OKS [Peter ZAJAC]; GreenParty or SZ [Peter PILINSKY]; Party of the Democratic Left or SDL[Marek BLAHA]; Party of the Hungarian Coalition or SMK [JozsefBERENYI]; People's Party - Movement for a Democratic Slovakia orLS-HZDS [Vladimir MECIAR]; People's Party - Our Slovakia or LSNS[Marian KOTLEBA]; Slovak Communist Party or KSS [Jozef HRDLICKA];Union - Party for Slovakia or Unia [Milan CELIK]
SloveniaDemocratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia or DeSUS [KarlERJAVEC]; Liberal Democracy of Slovenia or LDS [Katarina KRESAL];New Slovenia or NSi [Ljudmila NOVAK (acting)]; Slovene NationalParty or SNS [Zmago JELINCIC]; Slovene People's Party or SLS[Radovan ZERJAV]; Slovene Youth Party or SMS [Darko KRANJC];Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS [Janez JANSA]; Social Democrats orSD [Borut PAHOR] (formerly ZLSD); ZARES [Gregor GOLOBIC]
Solomon IslandsAssociation of Independent Members or AIM [ThomasCHAN]; Christian Alliance Solomon Islands or CASI [Edward RONIA];LAFARI Party [John GARO]; National Party [Francis HILLY]; People'sAlliance Party or PAP [Sir Allan KEMAKEZA]; Social Credit Party orSOCRED [Manasseh Damukana SOGAVARE]; Solomon First Party [DavidQUAN]; Solomon Islands Democratic Party [Gabriel SURI]; SolomonIslands Labor Party or SILP [Joses TUHANUKU]; Solomon IslandsLiberal Party [Bartholomew ULUFA'ALU]; Solomon Islands Party forRural Advancement or SIPRA [Job D. TAUSINGA]; United Party [SirPeter KENILOREA]note: in general, Solomon Islands politics is characterized by fluidcoalitions
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South AfricaAfrican Christian Democratic Party or ACDP [KennethMESHOE]; African National Congress or ANC [Jacob ZUMA]; Congress ofthe People or COPE [Mosiuoa LEKOTA]; Democratic Alliance or DA[Helen ZILLE]; Freedom Front Plus or FF+ [Pieter MULDER];Independent Democrats or ID [Patricia DE LILLE]; Inkatha FreedomParty or IFP [Mangosuthu BUTHELEZI]; Pan-Africanist Congress or PAC[Motsoko PHEKO]; United Christian Democratic Party or UCDP [LucasMANGOPE]; United Democratic Movement or UDM [Bantu HOLOMISA]
SpainBasque Nationalist Party or PNV or EAJ [Inigo URKULLURenteria]; Canarian Coalition or CC [Claudina MORALES Rodriquez] (acoalition of five parties); Convergence and Union or CiU [Artur MASi Gavarro] (a coalition of the Democratic Convergence of Cataloniaor CDC [Artur MAS i Gavarro] and the Democratic Union of Cataloniaor UDC [Josep Antoni DURAN i LLEIDA]); Entesa Catalonia de Progress(a Senate coalition grouping four Catalan parties - PSC, ERC, ICV,EUA); Galician Nationalist Bloc or BNG [Guillerme VAZQUEZ Vazquez];Initiative for Catalonia Greens or ICV [Joan SAURA i Laporta];Navarra Yes or NaBai [collective leadership] (a coalition of fourNavarran parties); Popular Party or PP [Mariano RAJOY Brey];Republican Left of Catalonia or ERC [Joan PUIGCERCOS i Boixassa];Spanish Socialist Workers Party or PSOE [Jose Luis RodriguezZAPATERO]; Union of People of Navarra or UPN [Yolanda BARCINAAngulo]; Union, Progress and Democracy or UPyD [Rosa DIEZ Gonzalez];United Left or IU [Cayo LARA Moya] (a coalition of parties includingthe Communist Party of Spain or PCE and other small parties)
Sri LankaCoalitions and leaders: Democratic National Alliance ledby Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna or JVP [Somawansa AMARASINGHE]; TamilNational Alliance led by Illandai Tamil Arasu Kachchi [R.SAMPANTHAN]; United National Front led by United National Party[Ranil WICKREMESINGHE]; United People's Freedom Alliance led by SriLanka Freedom Party [Mahinda RAJAPAKSA]
SudanDemocratic Unionist Party or DUP [Hatim al-SIR]; NationalCongress Party or NCP [Umar Hassan al-BASHIR]; Popular CongressParty or PCP [Hassan al-TURABI]; Sudan People's Liberation Movementor SPLM [Salva KIIR]; elements of the National Democratic Allianceor NDA including factions of the Democratic Union Party [MuhammadUthman al-MIRGHANI] and Umma Party
SurinameA-Combination (a coalition that includes the GeneralLiberation and Development Party ABOP [Ronnie BRUNSWIJK], SEEKA[Paul ABENA], Union of Brotherhood and Unity in Politics BEP[Caprino ALENDY]; Basic Party for Renewal and Democracy or BVD[Dilip SARDJOE]; Basic Party for Renewal and Democracy or PVF[Soedeschand JAIRAM]; Democratic Union Suriname or DUS [JaphetDIEKO]; Mega-Combination-Ruling Coalition (a coalition that joinedwith A-Combination and the PL to form a majority in Parliament in2010 - includes the National Democratic Party or NDP [DesireBOUTERSE] (largest party in the coalition), Progressive Worker andFarmer's Union or PALU [Jim HOK], Party for National Unity andSolidarity of the Highest Order or KTPI [Willy SOEMITA], DNP-2000[Jules WIJDENBOSCH], and New Suriname or NS [Nanan PANDAY]);National Union or NU [P. VAN LEEUWAARDE]; New Front for Democracyand Development or NF (a coalition made up of the National Party ofSuriname or NPS [Runaldo VENETIAAN], United Reform Party or VHP[Ramdien SARDJOE], Democratic Alternative 1991 or DA-91 - anindependent, business-oriented party [Winston JESSURUN], SurinameseLabor Party or SPA [Siegfried GILDS]); Party for Democracy andDevelopment in Unity or DOE [Carl BREEVELD]; Party for the PermanentProsperity Republic Suriname or PVRS [NA]; People's Alliance,Pertjaja Luhur's or PL [Paul SOMOHARDJO](includes D-21 [SoewartaMOESTADJA] and Pendawa Lima [Raymond SAPEON], which merged with PLin 2010)note: BVD and PVF participated in the elections as a coalition(BVD/PVF) in the most recent elections, but separated after theelection
Swazilandthe status of political parties, previously banned, isunclear under the 2006 Constitution and currently being debated; thefollowing are considered political associations; African UnitedDemocratic Party or AUDP [Stanley MAUNDZISA, president]; ImbokodvoNational Movement or INM; Ngwane National Liberatory Congress orNNLC [Obed DLAMINI, president]; People's United Democratic Movementor PUDEMO [Mario MASUKU, president]
SwedenCenter Party [Maud OLOFSSON]; Christian Democratic Party[Goran HAGGLUND]; Environment Party the Greens [no formal leader butparty spokespersons are Maria WETTERSTRAND and Peter ERIKSSON]; LeftParty or V (formerly Communist) [Lars OHLY]; Liberal People's Party[Jan BJORKLUND]; Moderate Party [Fredrik REINFELDT]; SocialDemocratic Party [Mona SAHLIN]; Sweden Democrats [Jimmie AKESSON]
SwitzerlandGreen Party (Gruene Partei der Schweiz or Gruene, PartiEcologiste Suisse or Les Verts, Partito Ecologista Svizzero or IVerdi, Partida Ecologica Svizra or La Verda) [Ueli LEUENBERGER];Christian Democratic People's Party (ChristlichdemokratischeVolkspartei der Schweiz or CVP, Parti Democrate-Chretien Suisse orPDC, Partito Democratico-Cristiano Popolare Svizzero or PDC, PartidaCristiandemocratica dalla Svizra or PCD) [Christophe DARBELLAY];Free Democratic Party or FDP.The Liberals (FDP.Die Liberalen,PLR.Les Liberaux-Radicaux, PLR.I Liberali) [Fulvio PELLI]; SocialDemocratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz or SPS,Parti Socialist Suisse or PSS, Partito Socialista Svizzero or PSS,Partida Socialdemocratica de la Svizra or PSS) [Christian LEVRAT];Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, UnionDemocratique du Centre or UDC, Unione Democratica de Centro or UDC,Uniun Democratica dal Center or UDC) [Toni BRUNNER]; and other minorparties
Syrialegal parties: National Progressive Front or NPF [PresidentBashar al-ASAD, Dr. Suleiman QADDAH] (includes Arab SocialistRenaissance (Ba'th) Party [President Bashar al-ASAD]; SocialistUnionist Democratic Party [Fadlallah Nasr Al-DIN]; Syrian ArabSocialist Union or ASU [Safwan al-QUDSI]; Syrian Communist Party(two branches) [Wissal Farha BAKDASH, Yusuf Rashid FAYSAL]; SyrianSocial Nationalist Party [As'ad HARDAN]; Unionist Socialist Party[Fayez ISMAIL])opposition parties not legally recognized: Communist Action Party[Fateh al-JAMOUS]; National Democratic Rally [Hasan ABDUL-AZIM,spokesman] (includes five parties - Arab Democratic Socialist UnionParty [Hasan ABDUL-AZIM], Arab Socialist Movement, Democratic Ba'thParty [Ibrahim MAKHOS], Democratic People's Party [Riad al TURK],Revolutionary Workers' Party [Abdul Hafez al HAFEZ])Kurdish parties (considered illegal): Azadi Party [Kheirudin MURAD];Future Party [Masha'l TAMMO]; Kurdish Democratic Alliance (includesfour parties); Kurdish Democratic Front (includes three parties);Yekiti Party [Fu'ad ALEYKO]other parties: Syrian Democratic Party [Mustafa QALAAJI]