Jordanradio and TV dominated by the government-owned Jordan Radioand Television Corporation (JRTV) that operates a main network, asports network, a film network, and a satellite channel; firstindependent TV broadcaster aired in 2007; international satellite TVand Israeli and Syrian TV broadcasts are available; roughly 30 radiostations operational with JRTV operating the main government-ownedstation; transmissions of multiple international radio broadcastersare available (2007)
Kazakhstanstate owns nearly all radio and TV transmissionfacilities and operates national TV and radio networks; nearly allnationwide TV networks are wholly or partly owned by the government;some former state-owned media outlets have been privatized and arecontrolled by the president's daughter, who heads the Khabar Agencythat runs multiple TV and radio stations; a number ofprivately-owned TV stations; households with satellite dishes haveaccess to foreign media; a small number of commercial radio stationsoperating along with state-run radio stations (2008)
Kenyaabout a half-dozen privately-owned TV stations and astate-owned television broadcaster that operates 2 channels;satellite and cable TV subscription services are available;state-owned radio broadcaster operates 2 national radio channels andprovides regional and local radio services in multiple languages; alarge number of private radio broadcasters, including provincialstations broadcasting in local languages; transmissions of severalinternational broadcasters are available (2007)
Kiribati1 television broadcast station that provides about 1 hourof local programming Monday-Friday; multi-channel TV packagesprovide access to Australian and US stations; 1 government-operatedradio station broadcasting on AM, FM, and shortwave (2009)
Korea, Northno independent media; radios and televisions arepre-tuned to government stations; 4 government-owned televisionstations; the Korean Workers' Party owns and operates the KoreanCentral Broadcasting Station, and the state-run Voice of Koreaoperates an external broadcast service; the government prohibitslistening to and jams foreign broadcasts (2008)
Korea, Southmultiple national television networks with 2 of the 3largest networks publicly operated; the largest privately-ownednetwork, Seoul Broadcasting Service (SBS), has ties with othercommercial TV networks; cable and satellite TV subscription servicesare available; publicly-operated radio broadcast networks and alarge number of privately-owned radio broadcasting networks, eachwith multiple affiliates, and independent local stations (2008)
Kuwaitstate-owned TV broadcaster operates 4 networks and asatellite channel; several private TV broadcasters have emergedsince 2003; satellite TV is available with pan-Arab TV stationsespecially popular; state-owned Radio Kuwait broadcasts on a numberof channels in Arabic and English; first private radio stationemerged in 2005; transmissions of at least 2 international radiobroadcasters are available (2007)
Kyrgyzstanstate-run television broadcaster operates 2 nationwidenetworks and 6 regional stations; roughly 20 private TV stationsoperating with most rebroadcasting other channels; state-run radiobroadcaster operates 2 networks; about 20 private radio stationsoperating (2007)
Laos2 television stations operating out of Vientiane - 1government-operated and the other jointly-owned by the governmentand a Thai company; roughly 15 provincial stations operating withnearly all programming relayed via satellite from thegovernment-operated station in Vientiane; relays from Hanoi provideaccess to a Vietnamese television station; broadcasts available fromstations in Thailand and Vietnam in border areas; multi-channelsatellite and cable TV systems provide access to a wide range offoreign stations; state-controlled radio with state-operated LaoNational Radio (LNR) broadcasting on 5 frequencies - 1 AM, 2 SW, and2 FM; LNR's AM and FM programs are relayed via satelliteconstituting a large part of the programming schedules of theprovincial radio stations; Thai radio broadcasts available in borderareas and transmissions of multiple international broadcasters arealso accessible (2008)
Latviaseveral national and regional commercial TV stations areforeign-owned, 2 national TV stations are publicly-owned; systemsupplemented by privately-owned regional and local TV stations;cable and satellite multi-channel TV services with domestic andforeign broadcasts are available; publicly-owned broadcasteroperates 4 radio networks with dozens of stations throughout thecountry; dozens of private broadcasters also operate radio stations(2007)
Lebanon7 TV stations in operation, 1 of which is state-owned; morethan 30 radio stations, 1 of which is state-owned; satellite andcable TV services are available; transmissions of at least 2international broadcasters are accessible through partner stations(2007)
Lesotho1 state-owned TV station and 2 state-owned radio stations;government controls most private broadcast media; satellite TVsubscription service is available; transmissions of multipleinternational broadcasters are obtainable (2008)
Liberia3 private TV stations; satellite TV service is available; 1state-owned radio station; about 15 independent radio stationsbroadcasting in Monrovia, with another 25 local stations operatingin other areas; transmissions of 2 international broadcasters areavailable (2007)
Libyastate controls broadcast media; state-owned terrestrial TVstation and about a half-dozen state-owned satellite stationsbroadcast; some provinces operate local TV stations; a single,non-state-owned TV station launched in 2007; pan-Arab satellite TVstations are available; state-owned radio broadcasts on a number offrequencies, some of which carry regional programming; Voice ofAfrica, Libya's external radio service, can also be heard; a single,non-state-owned radio station broadcasting (2007)
Liechtensteinrelies on foreign terrestrial and satellitebroadcasters for most broadcast media services; firstLiechtenstein-based television station established August 2008;Radio Liechtenstein operates multiple radio stations; a Swiss-basedbroadcaster operates several radio stations in Liechtenstein (2008)
Lithuaniapublic broadcaster operates 3 channels with the thirdchannel - a satellite channel - introduced in 2007; variousprivately-owned commercial TV broadcasters operate national andmultiple regional channels; large number of privately-owned local TVstations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services areavailable; publicly-owned broadcaster operates 3 radio networks;large number of privately-owned commercial broadcasters, many withrepeater stations in various regions throughout the country (2007)
LuxembourgLuxembourg has a long tradition of operating radio and TVservices to pan-European audiences and is home to Europe's largestprivately-owned broadcast media group, the RTL group, which operates45 television stations and 31 radio stations in Europe; also home toEurope's largest satellite operator, Societe Europeenne desSatellites (SES); domestically, the RTL group operates TV and radionetworks; other domestic private radio and TV operators and Frenchand German stations are available; satellite and cable TV servicesare accessible (2008)
Macaulocal government dominates broadcast media; 2 televisionstations operated by the government with one broadcasting inPortuguese and the other in Cantonese and Mandarin; cable andsatellite TV services are available; 3 radio stations broadcasting,of which 2 are government-operated (2008)
Macedoniapublic television broadcaster operates 3 national channelsand a satellite network; 5 privately-owned TV channels broadcastnationally; roughly 50 local commercial TV stations broadcasting;large number of cable operators offering domestic and internationalprogramming; public radio broadcaster operates over multiplestations; 3 privately-owned radio stations broadcast nationally;roughly 65 local commercial radio stations functioning (2007)
Madagascarstate-owned Radio Nationale Malagasy (RNM) and TelevisionMalagasy (TVM) have an extensive national network reach;privately-owned radio and TV broadcasters in cities and major towns;state-run radio predominates in rural areas; relays of 2international broadcasters are available in Antananarivo (2007)
Malawiradio is the main broadcast medium; state-run radio has thewidest geographic broadcasting reach, but about a dozenprivately-owned radio stations broadcast in major urban areas; thesingle television network is government-owned; relays of multipleinternational broadcasters are available (2007)
Malaysiastate-owned television broadcaster operates 2 TV networkswith relays throughout the country, and the leading privatecommercial media group operates 4 TV stations with numerous relaysthroughout the country; satellite TV subscription service isavailable; state-owned radio broadcaster operates multiple nationalnetworks as well as regional and local stations; large number ofprivate commercial radio broadcasters and some subscriptionsatellite radio services are available; about 400 radio stationsoverall (2008)
Maldivesstate-owned radio and television monopoly until recently;by mid-2008 there were 5 radio broadcast stations operating; firstprivate cable TV channel now operational with an additional 4private TV channels in the regulatory pipeline (2008)
Malinational public TV broadcaster; 2 privately-owned companiesprovide subscription services to foreign multi-channel TV packages;national public radio broadcaster supplemented by a large number ofprivately-owned and community broadcast stations; transmissions ofmultiple international broadcasters are available (2007)
Malta1 publicly-owned television station, Television Malta (TVM);several national television stations, two of which are owned bypolitical parties; Italian and British broadcast programs areavailable; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services areobtainable; publicly-owned radio broadcaster operates 2 stations;roughly 50 commercial radio stations functioning (2008)
Marshall Islandsno television broadcast station; a cable network isavailable on Majuro with programming via videotape replay andsatellite relays; 4 radio broadcast stations; American Armed ForcesRadio and Television Service (AFRTS) provides satellite radio andtelevision service to Kwajalein Atoll (2009)
Mauritaniabroadcast media state-owned; 1 state-run TV and 1state-run radio network; Television de Mauritanie, the state-run TVstation, has an additional 6 regional TV stations that provide localprogramming (2008)
Mauritiusthe government maintains control over TV broadcastingthrough the Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation (MBC), which operates3 analog and 10 digital TV stations; MBC is a shareholder in a localcompany that operates 2 pay TV stations; the state retains thelargest radio broadcast network with multiple stations; severalprivate radio broadcasters have entered the market since 2001;transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available(2007)
Mayottethe publicly-owned French Overseas Network (RFO), whichoperates in France's overseas departments and territories,broadcasts over the RFO Mayotte television and radio station (2008)
Mexicolarge number of television stations and more than 1,400 radiostations, most are privately owned; the Televisa group once had avirtual monopoly in TV broadcasting, but new broadcasting groups andforeign satellite and cable operators are now available (2007)
Micronesia, Federated States ofno television broadcast stations;each state has a multi-channel cable service with televisiontransmissions carrying roughly 95% imported programming and 5% localprogramming; about a half dozen radio stations in operation (2009)
Moldovastate-owned national radio-TV broadcaster operates 2television and 2 radio stations; a total of nearly 40 terrestrial TVchannels and some 50 radio stations are in operation; Russian andRomanian channels also are available (2007)
MonacoTV Monte-Carlo (TMC) operates a TV network; Radio Monte-Carlohas both an Italian-language and a French-language network; a fewprivate radio stations operating (2008)
Mongoliafollowing a law passed in 2005, Mongolia's state-run radioand TV provider converted to a public service provider; alsoavailable are private radio and TV broadcasters, as well asmulti-channel satellite and cable TV providers; more than 100 radiostations, including some 20 via repeaters for the publicbroadcaster; transmissions of multiple international broadcastersare available (2008)
Montenegrostate-owned national radio-TV broadcaster operates 2terrestrial television networks, 1 satellite TV channel, and 2 radionetworks; roughly a dozen privately-owned TV broadcasters operatenetworks nationally, regionally, and locally; in addition to the 2state-owned national radio networks, roughly 50 privately-ownedradio stations and networks broadcast (2007)
MontserratRadio Montserrat, a public radio broadcaster, transmitson 1 station and has a repeater transmission to a second station;repeater transmissions from the GEM Radio Network of Trinidad andTobago provide another 2 radio stations; cable and satellite TV areobtainable (2007)
Morocco2 television broadcast networks with state-runRadio-Television Marocaine (RTM) operating one network and the statepartially owning the other; foreign TV broadcasts are available viasatellite dish; 3 radio broadcast networks with RTM operating one;the government-owned network includes 10 regional radio channels inaddition to its national service (2007)
Mozambique1 state-run TV station supplemented by private TVstation; Portuguese state TV's African service, RTP Africa, andBrazilian-owned TV Miramar are available; state-run radio providesnearly 100% territorial coverage and broadcasts in multiplelanguages; a number of privately-owned and community-operatedstations also broadcast; transmissions of multiple internationalbroadcasters are available (2007)
Namibia1 private and 1 state-run television station; satellite andcable TV service is available; state-run radio service broadcasts inmultiple languages; about a dozen private radio stations operating;transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available(2007)
Nauru1 government-owned television station broadcasting programsfrom New Zealand sent via satellite or on videotape; 1government-owned radio station, broadcasting on AM and FM, utilizesAustralian and British programs (2009)
Navassa Islandno television or radio broadcast stations (2009)
Nepalstate operates 2 television stations as well as national andregional radio stations; more than 60 independent radio stations anda small number of independent television stations (2007)
Netherlandsmore than 90% of households are connected to cable orsatellite TV systems that provide a wide range of domestic andforeign channels; public service broadcast system includes multiplebroadcasters, 3 with a national reach and the remainder operating inregional and local markets; 2 major nationwide commercial televisioncompanies, each with 3 or more stations, and a large number ofcommercial TV stations in regional and local markets; nearly 600radio stations operating with a mix of public and private stationsproviding national or regional coverage (2008)
New Caledoniathe publicly-owned French Overseas Network (RFO),which operates in France's overseas departments and territories,broadcasts over the RFO Nouvelle Caledonie television and radiostations; a small number of privately-owned radio stations alsobroadcast (2008)
New Zealandstate-owned Television New Zealand operates multipletelevision networks while state-owned Radio New Zealand operates 3radio networks and an external shortwave radio service to the SouthPacific region; a small number of national commercial television andradio stations and a large number of regional commercial televisionand radio stations are available; cable and satellite TV systems areaccessible (2008)
Nicaraguamultiple privately-owned terrestrial television networks,supplemented by cable TV in most urban areas; of more than 100 radiobroadcast stations, nearly all are privately owned; Radio Nicaraguais government-owned and Radio Sandino is controlled by theSandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) (2007)
Nigerstate-run TV station; 3 private TV stations provide a mix oflocal and foreign programming; only national radio station withnational reach is state-run; about 30 private radio stations operatelocally; as many as 100 community radio stations broadcast;transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available(2007)
Nigerianearly 70 federal-government-controlled national andregional TV stations; all 36 states operate TV stations; severalprivate TV stations operational; cable and satellite TV subscriptionservices are available; network of federal-government-controllednational, regional, and state radio stations; roughly 40state-government-owned radio stations typically carry their ownprograms except for news broadcasts; about 20 private radio stationsalso operate; transmissions of international broadcasters areavailable (2007)
Niue1 government-owned television station with many of the programssupplied by Television New Zealand; 1 government-owned radio stationbroadcasting in AM and FM (2009)
Norfolk Island1 local radio station; broadcasts of severalAustralian radio and television stations are received via satellite(2009)
Northern Mariana Islands1 TV broadcast station on Saipan;multi-channel cable TV services are available on Saipan; 9 licensedradio broadcast stations (2009)
Norwaystate-owned public radio-TV broadcaster operates 3 nationwidetelevision stations, 3 nationwide radio stations, and 16 regionalradio stations; roughly a dozen privately-owned television stationsbroadcast nationally and roughly another 25 local TV stations areavailable; nearly 75% of households have access to multi-channelcable or satellite TV systems; 2 privately-owned radio stationsbroadcast nationwide and another 240 stations operate locally (2008)
Oman1 state-run TV broadcaster; TV stations transmitting from SaudiArabia, the UAE, and Yemen are accessible via satellite TV;state-run radio operates multiple stations; first private radiostation began operation in 2007 and 2 additional stations nowoperating (2007)
Pakistanmedia is government regulated; 1 dominant state-owned TVbroadcaster, Pakistan Television Corporation (PTV), operates anetwork consisting of 6 channels; private TV broadcasters arepermitted and some foreign satellite channels are carried by cableTV operators; the state-owned radio network operates more than 40stations; privately-owned radio stations mostly limit programming tomusic and talk shows (2007)
Palauno television broadcast stations; a cable television networkcovers the major islands and provides access to rebroadcasts, on adelayed basis, of a number of US stations as well as access to anumber of real-time satellite TV channels; about a half dozen radiostations with 1 government-owned (2009)
Panamamultiple privately-owned television networks and agovernment-owned educational TV station; multi-channel cable andsatellite TV subscription services are available; more than 100commercial radio stations (2007)
Papua New Guinea2 television stations, 1 commercial stationoperating since the late 1980s and 1 state-run station launched in2008; satellite and cable TV services are available; state-runNational Broadcasting Corporation operates 3 radio networks withmultiple repeaters and about 20 provincial stations; severalcommercial radio stations with multiple transmission points as wellas several community stations; transmissions of severalinternational broadcasters are accessible (2009)
Paraguay5 privately-owned TV stations; about 75 commercial andcommunity radio stations broadcasting; 1 state-owned radio network(2007)
Peru6 major television networks of which only one, TelevisionNacional de Peru, is state-owned; multi-channel cable TV servicesare available; more than 500 radio stations including a substantialnumber of indigenous language stations (2007)
Philippinesmultiple national private TV and radio networks and agovernment-operated national TV and radio network; about 300television stations and more than 1,000 radio stations;multi-channel satellite and cable TV systems are available (2008)
Pitcairn Islandsno local broadcast television or radio stations(2009)
Polandstate-run public television operates 2 national channelssupplemented by 16 regional channels and several niche channels;privately-owned entities operate several national TV broadcastnetworks and a number of special interest channels; large number ofprivately-owned channels broadcasting locally; roughly half of allhouseholds are linked to either satellite or cable TV systemsproviding access to foreign television networks; state-run publicradio operates 5 national networks and 17 regional radio stations; 2privately-owned national radio networks, several commercial stationsbroadcasting to multiple cities, and a large number ofprivately-owned local radio stations (2007)
Portugalthe publicly-owned TV broadcaster operates 2 domesticchannels and external service channels to Africa; overall, roughly40 domestic TV stations; viewers have widespread access tointernational broadcasters with more than half of all householdsconnected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems;publicly-owned radio operates 3 national networks and providesregional and external services; several privately-owned nationalradio stations and some 300 regional and local commercial radiostations (2008)
Puerto Ricomore than 30 television stations operating; cable TVsubscription services are available; roughly 125 radio stationsoperating (2007)
Qatartelevision and radio broadcast media are state controlled;home of the satellite TV channel Al-Jazeera, which was originallyowned and financed by the Qatari Government; Al-Jazeera claimseditorial independence in broadcasting; transmissions of severalinternational broadcasters are accessible on FM in Doha (2007)
Romaniaa mixture of public and private TV stations; the publicbroadcaster operates multiple stations; roughly 100 privatenational, regional, and local stations operating; more than 75% ofhouseholds are connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TVsystems that provide access to Romanian, European, and internationalstations; state-owned public radio broadcaster operates 4 nationalnetworks and regional and local stations; more than 100 privateradio stations broadcasting (2008)
Russia6 national TV stations with the federal government owning 1and holding a controlling interest in a second; state-owned Gazprommaintains a controlling interest in a third national channel;government-affiliated Bank Rossiya owns controlling interest in afourth and fifth, while the sixth national channel is owned by theMoscow city administration; roughly 3,300 national, regional, andlocal TV stations operating with over two-thirds completely orpartially controlled by the federal or local governments; satelliteTV services are available; 2 state-run national radio networks witha third majority-owned by Gazprom; roughly 2,400 public andcommercial radio stations (2007)
Rwandagovernment owns and operates the only TV station;government-owned and operated Radio Rwanda has a national reach; 9private radio stations; transmissions of multiple internationalbroadcasters are available (2007)
Saint Barthelemyno local TV broadcasters; 3 FM radio channels (2via repeater)
Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da CunhaSt. Helena has nolocal TV station; 2 local radio stations, one of which is relayed toAscension Island; satellite TV stations rebroadcast terrestrially;Ascension Island has no local TV station, but has 1 local radiostation and receives relays of broadcasts from 1 St. Helena radiostation; broadcasts from the British Forces Broadcasting Service(BFBS) are available, as well as TV services for the US military;Tristan da Cunha has 1 local radio station and receives BFBS TV andradio broadcasts (2007)
Saint Kitts and Nevisthe government operates a national televisionnetwork that broadcasts on 2 channels; cable subscription servicesprovide access to local and international channels; the governmentoperates a national radio network; a mix of government-owned andprivately-owned broadcasters operate roughly 15 radio stations (2007)
Saint Lucia3 privately-owned television stations; 1 publictelevision station operating on a cable network; multi-channel cableTV service is obtainable; a mix of state-owned and privately-ownedbroadcasters operate nearly 25 radio stations including repeatertransmission stations (2007)
Saint Martin1 local TV station; receives television broadcasts fromthe Netherlands Antilles; access to about 20 radio stations,including RFO Guadeloupe radio broadcasts via repeater (2008)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2 television stations with a third repeater station, all part of the French Overseas Network; has radio stations on St. Pierre and on Miquelon that are part of the French Overseas Network (2007)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines St. Vincent and the Grenadines Broadcasting Corporation operates 1 television station and 5 repeater stations that give near total coverage to the multi-island state; multi-channel cable TV service is obtainable; a partially government-funded national radio service broadcasts on 1 station and has 2 repeater stations; about a dozen privately-owned radio stations and repeater stations operate (2007)
Samoastate-owned television station privatized in 2008; 4privately-owned television broadcast stations; about a half dozenprivately-owned radio stations and one state-owned radio station;television and radio broadcasts of several stations from AmericanSamoa are available (2009)
San Marinostate-owned public broadcaster operates 1 TV station and2 radio stations; receives radio and TV broadcasts from Italy (2008)
Sao Tome and Principe1 government-owned TV station; 1government-owned radio station; 3 independent local radio stationsauthorized in 2005 with 2 operating at the end of 2006;transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available(2007)
Saudi Arabiabroadcast media are state-controlled; state-run TVoperates 4 networks; Saudi Arabia is a major market for pan-Arabsatellite TV broadcasters; state-run radio operates severalnetworks; multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)
Senegalstate-run Radiodiffusion Television Senegalaise (RTS)operates 2 TV stations; a few private TV subscription channelsrebroadcast foreign channels without providing any local news orprograms; RTS operates a national radio network and a number ofregional FM stations; a large number of community andprivate-broadcast radio stations are available; transmissions of atleast 2 international broadcasters are accessible on FM in Dakar(2007)
Seychellesthe government operates the only terrestrial TV station,which provides local programming and airs broadcasts frominternational services; multi-channel cable and satellite TV areavailable via subscription; the government operates 1 AM and 1 FMradio station; transmissions of 2 international broadcasters areaccessible in Victoria (2007)
Sierra Leone1 government-owned TV station; 1 private TV stationbegan operating in 2005; a pay-per-view TV service began operationsin late 2007; 1 government-owned national radio broadcast station;about two dozen private radio stations primarily clustered in majorcities; transmissions of several international broadcasters areavailable (2007)
Singaporestate controls broadcast media; 8 domestic TV stationsoperated by MediaCorp, wholly owned by a state investment company;broadcasts from Malaysian and Indonesian stations available;satellite dishes banned; multi-channel cable TV service isaccessible; a total of 18 domestic radio stations broadcasting withMediaCorp operating more than a dozen and another 4 stations areclosely linked to the ruling party or controlled by the SingaporeArmed Forces Reservists Association; large number of Malaysian andIndonesian radio stations are available (2008)
Slovakiastate-owned public broadcaster, Slovak Television (STV),operates 3 national TV stations; roughly 35 privately-ownedtelevision broadcast stations operating nationally, regionally, andlocally; about 40% of households are connected to multi-channelcable or satellite TV systems; channels from the Czech Republic andHungary are widely viewed; state-owned public radio operatesmultiple national and regional networks; more than 20privately-owned radio stations (2008)
Sloveniapublic television broadcaster, Radiotelevizija Slovenija(RTV), operates a system of national and regional TV stations; 35domestic commercial television stations operating nationally,regionally, and locally; about 60% of households are connected tomulti-channel cable TV systems; public radio broadcaster operates 3national and 4 regional stations; more than 75 regional and localcommercial and non-commercial radio stations (2007)
Solomon IslandsSolomon Islands Broadcasting Corporation (SIBC) isthe sole TV broadcaster with 1 station; multi-channel pay-TV isavailable; SIBC, the public service broadcaster, operates 2 nationalradio stations and 2 provincial stations; 2 local commercial radiostations operating; Radio Australia is obtainable via satellite feed(2009)
Somalia2 private TV stations rebroadcast Al-Jazeera and CNN;Somaliland has 1 government-operated TV station and Puntland has 1private TV station; Radio Mogadishu operated by the transitionalgovernment; 1 SW and roughly 10 private FM radio stations broadcastin Mogadishu; several radio stations operate in central and southernregions; Somaliland has 1 government-operated radio station;Puntland has roughly a half dozen private radio stations;transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available(2007)
South Africathe South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC)operates 4 TV stations, 3 are free-to-air and 1 is pay TV; e.tv, aprivate station, is accessible to more than half the population;multiple subscription TV services provide a mix of local andinternational channels; well developed mix of public and privateradio stations at the national, regional, and local levels; the SABCradio network, state-owned and controlled but nominally independent,operates 18 stations, one for each of the 11 official languages, 4community stations, and 3 commercial stations; more than 100community-based stations extend coverage to rural areas (2007)
Spaina mixture of both publicly-operated and privately-owned TV andradio stations broadcasting; overall, hundreds of TV channels areavailable including national, regional, local, public, andinternational channels; satellite and cable TV systems areaccessible; multiple national radio networks, a large number ofregional radio networks, and a larger number of local radio stationsbroadcasting; overall, hundreds of radio stations operating (2008)
Sri Lankagovernment operates 2 television channels and a radionetwork; multi-channel satellite and cable TV subscription servicesare obtainable; 8 private TV stations and about a dozen privateradio stations in operation (2008)
Sudanin the north, the Sudanese Government directly controls TV andradio, requiring that both media reflect government policies; TV hasa permanent military censor; a private radio station is inoperation; in southern Sudan, TV is controlled by the regionalgovernment; several private FM stations are operational in southernSudan; some foreign radio broadcasts are available (2007)
Suriname2 state-owned TV stations; 1 state-owned radio station;multiple private radio and TV stations (2007)
Svalbardthe Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) began directtelevision transmission to Svalbard via satellite in 1984;Longyearbyen households have access to 3 NRK radio and 2 televisionstations (2008)
Swazilandstate-owned TV station; satellite dishes are able toaccess South African providers; state-owned radio network with 3channels; 1 private radio station (2007)
Swedenpublicly-owned television broadcaster operates 2 terrestrialnetworks plus regional stations; multiple privately-owned televisionbroadcasters operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 50local TV stations; widespread access to pan-Nordic and internationalbroadcasters through multi-channel cable and satellite TV systems;publicly-owned radio broadcaster operates 3 national stations and anetwork of 25 regional channels; nearly a hundred privately-ownedlocal radio stations with some consolidating into near nationalnetworks; an estimated 900 community and neighborhood radio stationsbroadcast intermittently (2008)
Switzerlandthe publicly-owned radio and television broadcaster,Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (SRG/SSR), operates 7 nationaltelevision networks, 3 broadcasting in German, 2 in Italian, and 2in French; private commercial television stations broadcastregionally and locally; television broadcasts from stations inGermany, Italy, and France are widely accessed using multi-channelcable and satellite TV services; SRG/SSR operates 18 radio stationsthat, along with private broadcasters, provide national to localcoverage (2008)
Syriastate-run television and radio broadcast networks; stateoperates 2 TV networks and a satellite channel; roughly two-thirdsof Syrian homes have a satellite dish providing access to foreign TVbroadcasts; 3 state-run radio channels; first private radio stationlaunched in 2005; private radio broadcasters prohibited fromtransmitting news or political content (2007)
Taiwan5 free-to-air nationwide television networks operatingroughly 75 TV stations; about 85% of households utilizemulti-channel cable TV; national and regional radio networks withabout 170 radio stations broadcasting (2008)
Tajikistanstate-run television broadcaster transmits nationally on4 stations and regionally on 4 stations; about 10 independent TVstations broadcast locally and regionally; some households are ableto receive Russian and other foreign stations via cable andsatellite; state-run radio broadcaster operates Radio Tajikistan,Voice of Dushanbe, and several regional stations; a small number ofindependent radio stations also broadcast (2008)
Tanzaniaa state-owned TV station and multiple privately-owned TVstations; state-owned national radio station supplemented by morethan 40 privately-owned radio stations; transmissions of severalinternational broadcasters are available (2007)
Thailand6 terrestrial TV stations in Bangkok broadcast nationallyvia relay stations - 2 of the networks are owned by the military,the other 4 are government-owned or controlled, leased to privateenterprise, and are all required to broadcast government-producednews programs twice a day; multi-channel satellite and cable TVsubscription services are available; radio frequencies have beenallotted for more than 500 government and commercial radio stations;many small community radio stations operate with low-powertransmitters (2008)
Timor-Leste1 public TV broadcast station broadcasting nationallyand 1 public radio broadcaster with stations in each of the 13administrative districts; a few commercial radio stations androughly a dozen community radio stations (2009)
Togo2 state-owned TV stations with multiple transmission sites; 5private TV stations broadcast locally; cable TV service isavailable; state-owned radio network with multiple stations; severaldozen private radio stations and a few community radio stations;transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are obtainable(2007)
Tokelauno broadcast television stations; each atoll operates aradio service that provides shipping news and weather reports (2009)
Tonga2 state-owned television stations and 2 privately-ownedstations; satellite and cable TV services are available; 2state-owned and 3 privately-owned radio stations; Radio Australiabroadcasts obtainable via a satellite feed (2009)
Trinidad and Tobago5 TV networks each broadcasting on multiplestations; one of the networks is state-owned; multiple cable TVsubscription service providers; multiple radio networks, onestate-owned, broadcast over about 35 stations (2007)
Tunisiabroadcast media is mainly government-controlled; thestate-run Tunisian Radio and Television Establishment (ERTT)operates 2 national television networks, several national radionetworks, and a number of regional radio stations; 1 TV and 3 radiostations are privately-owned and report domestic news storiesdirectly from the official Tunisian news agency; the state retainscontrol of broadcast facilities and transmitters through L'OfficeNational de la Telediffusion; Tunisians also have access toEgyptian, pan-Arab, and European satellite TV channels (2007)
Turkeynational public broadcaster Turkish Radio and TelevisionCorporation (TRT) operates multiple TV and radio networks andstations; multiple privately-owned national television stations andup to 300 private regional and local television stations;multi-channel cable TV subcriptions are obtainable; more than 1,000private radio broadcast stations (2009)
Turkmenistanbroadcast media is government controlled and censored;4 state-owned TV and 4 state-owned radio networks; satellite dishesand programming provide an alternative to the state-run media;officials sometimes limit access to satellite TV by seizingsatellite dishes (2007)
Turks and Caicos Islandswhile there are no local terrestrial TVstations, broadcasts from the Bahamas can be received; multi-channelcable and satellite TV services are available; government-run radionetwork operates alongside private broadcasters with a total ofabout 15 stations broadcasting (2007)
Tuvaluno television broadcast stations; many households usesatellite dishes to watch foreign TV stations; 1 government-ownedradio station, Radio Tuvalu, includes relays of programming frominternational broadcasters (2009)
Ugandapublic broadcaster, Uganda Broadcasting Corporation (UBC),operates radio and television networks; Uganda first began licensingprivately-owned stations in the 1990s; by 2007 there were nearly 150radio and 35 TV stations, mostly based in and around Kampala;transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are availablein Kampala (2007)
UkraineTV coverage is provided by Ukraine's state-controllednationwide broadcast channel (UT1) and a number of privately-ownedtelevision broadcast networks; Russian television broadcasts have asmall audience nationwide, but larger audiences in the eastern andsouthern regions; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services areavailable; Ukraine's radio broadcast market, a mix of independentand state-owned networks, is comprised of some 300 stations (2007)
United Arab Emiratesexcept for the many organizations now operatingin Dubai's Media Free Zone, most television and radio stationsremain government-owned; widespread use of satellite dishes providesaccess to pan-Arab and other international broadcasts (2007)
United Kingdompublic service broadcaster BBC is the largestbroadcasting corporation in the world; BBC operates multiple TVnetworks with regional and local TV service; a mixed system ofpublic and commercial TV broadcasters along with satellite and cablesystems provide access to hundreds of TV stations throughout theworld; BBC operates multiple national, regional, and local radionetworks with multiple transmission sites; a large number ofcommercial radio stations as well as satellite radio services areavailable (2008)
United States4 major terrestrial television networks with affiliatestations throughout the country, plus cable and satellite networks,independent stations, and a limited public broadcasting sector thatis largely supported by private grants; overall, thousands of TVstations broadcasting; multiple national radio networks with largenumbers of affiliate stations; while most stations are commercial,National Public Radio (NPR) has a network of some 600 memberstations; satellite radio available; overall, nearly 15,000 radiostations operating (2008)
Uruguaymixture of privately-owned and state-run broadcast media;more than 100 commercial radio stations and about 20 televisionchannels broadcasting; cable TV is available; large number ofcommunity radio and TV stations (2007)
Uzbekistangovernment controls media; 8 state-owned broadcasters - 4TV and 4 radio - provide service to virtually the entire country;about 20 privately-owned TV stations, overseen by local officials,broadcast to local markets; privately-owned TV stations are requiredto lease transmitters from the government-owned Republic TV andRadio Industry Corporation and are prohibited from broadcastinglive; about 15 privately-owned radio broadcasters; programmingcontent includes news updates, music, call-in talk shows, and otherentertainment in a half-Russian, half-Uzbek format mandated forprivate radio (2007)
Vanuatu1 state-owned television station; multi-channel pay TV isavailable; state-owned Radio Vanuatu operates 2 radio stations; 2privately-owned radio broadcasters; programming from multipleinternational broadcasters is accessible (2008)
Venezuelagovernment supervises a mixture of state-run and privatebroadcast media; 1 state-run television network, 4 privately-ownedTV networks, and a government-backed pan-American channel; state-runradio network includes 15 stations; large number of privatebroadcast radio stations (2007)
Vietnamgovernment controls all broadcast media exercising oversightthrough the Ministry of Information and Communication (MIC);government-controlled national television provider, VietnamTelevision (VTV), operates a network of 9 channels with severalregional broadcasting centers; programming is relayed nationwide viaa network of provincial and municipal TV stations; law limits accessto satellite TV but many households are able to access foreignprogramming via home satellite equipment; government-controlledVoice of Vietnam, the national radio broadcaster, broadcasts on 6channels and is repeated on AM, FM, and shortwave stationsthroughout Vietnam (2008)
Virgin Islandsabout a dozen television broadcast stations including1 public TV station; multi-channel cable and satellite TV servicesare available; 24 radio stations broadcasting (2009)
Wake IslandAmerican Armed Forces Radio and Television Service(AFRTS) provides satellite radio/television broadcasts (2009)
Wallis and Futunathe publicly-owned French Overseas Network (RFO),which broadcasts to France's overseas departments and territories,is carried on the RFO Wallis and Fortuna television and radiostations (2008)
West Bankthe Palestinian Authority operates 1 television and 1radio station; about 30 independent TV and 25 radio stationsoperating; Jordanian TV is available; satellite TV is accessible(2008)
Western SaharaMorocco's state-owned broadcaster, Radio-TelevisionMarocaine (RTM), operates a radio service from Laayoune and relaysTV service; a Polisario-backed radio station also broadcasts (2008)
Yemenstate-run TV with 2 stations; state-run radio with 2 nationalradio stations and 5 local stations; stations from Oman and SaudiArabia can be accessed (2007)
Zambiastate-owned Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC)operates 1 TV station and is the principal local-content provider;several private TV stations are available; multi-channelsubscription TV services are obtainable; ZNBC operates 3 radionetworks; about 2 dozen private radio stations also broadcasting;relays of at least 2 international broadcasters are accessible inLusaka and Kitwe (2007)
Zimbabwegovernment owns all local radio and television stations;foreign shortwave broadcasts and satellite television are availableto those who can afford antennas and receivers; in rural areas,access to television broadcasts is extremely limited (2007)
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Field Listing :: Stock of narrow money
This entry, also know as "M1," comprises the total quantity of currency in circulation (notes and coins) plus demand deposits denominated in the national currency held by nonbank financial institutions, state and local governments, nonfinancial public enterprises, and the private sector of the economy, measured at a specific point in time. National currency units have been converted to US dollars at the closing exchange rate for the date of the information. Because of exchange rate movements, changes in money stocks measured in national currency units may vary significantly from those shown in US dollars, and caution is urged when making comparisons over time in US dollars. Narrow money consists of more liquid assets than broad money and the assets generally function as a "medium of exchange" for an economy. Country Comparison to the World Country
Stock of narrow money
Afghanistan$3.943 billion (31 December 2009)$2.819 billion (31 December 2008)
Albania$2.708 billion (31 December 2010 est)$2.995 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Algeria$79.07 billion (31 December 2010 est)$68.13 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Angola$8.74 billion (31 December 2010 est)$9.792 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Anguilla$19.03 million (31 December 2009)$19.57 million (31 December 2008)
Antigua and Barbuda$233.5 million (31 December 2009)$266.7 million (31 December 2008)
Argentina$41.66 billion (31 December 2010 est)$35.33 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Armenia$1.131 billion (31 December 2010 est)$1.071 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Aruba$865 million (31 December 2009)$781 million (31 December 2008)
Australia$347.1 billion (31 December 2010 est)$290.8 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Austria$173.4 billion (31 December 2010 est)$175.6 billion (31 December 2009 est)note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for theentire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetarypolicy for the 16 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU);individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of moneycirculating within their own borders
Azerbaijan$7.34 billion (31 December 2010 est)$6.519 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Bahamas, The$1.284 billion (31 December 2009)$1.275 billion (31 December 2008)
Bahrain$6.372 billion (31 December 2010 est)$5.74 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Bangladesh$13.98 billion (31 December 2010 est)$10.92 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Barbados$1.793 billion (31 December 2009)$1.748 billion (31 December 2008)
Belarus$4.747 billion (31 December 2010 est)$4.381 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Belgium$172.9 billion (31 December 2010 est)$178.7 billion (31 December 2009 est)note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euroarea; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy forthe 16 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individualmembers of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulatingwithin their own borders
Belize$389.5 million (31 December 2010 est)$336.5 million (31 December 2009 est)
Benin$1.551 billion (31 December 2010 est)$1.619 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Bhutan$335 million (31 December 2008)$381.1 million (31 December 2007)
Bolivia$4.374 billion (31 December 2010 est)$3.524 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Bosnia and Herzegovina$4.098 billion (31 December 2010 est)$4.182 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Botswana$1.146 billion (31 December 2010 est)$939.1 million (31 December 2009 est)
Brazil$165.8 billion (31 December 2010 est)$125.3 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Brunei$3.374 billion (30 March 2009)$3.046 billion (31 December 2008)
Bulgaria$12.7 billion (31 December 2010 est)$12.91 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Burkina Faso$1.416 billion (31 December 2010 est)$1.303 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Burma$4.907 billion (31 December 2010 est)$4.038 billion (31 December 2009 est)note: this number reflects the vastly overvalued official exchangerate of 5.38 kyat per dollar in 2007; at the unofficial black marketrate of 1,305 kyat per dollar for 2007, the stock of kyats wouldequal only US$2.465 billion and Burma's velocity of money (thenumber of times money turns over in the course of a year) would besix, in line with the velocity of money for other countries in theregion; in 2009, the unofficial black market rate averaged 1,090kyat per dollar.
Burundi$329.3 million (31 December 2010 est)$293.6 million (31 December 2009 est)
Cambodia$850.7 million (31 December 2010 est)$747.2 million (31 December 2009 est)
Cameroon$2.888 billion (31 December 2010 est)$3.074 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Canada$560.8 billion (31 December 2010 est)$470.9 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Cape Verde$585 million (31 December 2010 est)$628.4 million (31 December 2009 est)
Cayman Islands$334.3 million (31 December 2008)
Central African Republic$288.8 million (31 December 2009)$241.3 million (31 December 2008)
Chad$920.9 million (31 December 2010 est)$937.8 million (31 December 2009 est)
Chile$29.81 billion (31 December 2010 est)$23.68 billion (31 December 2009 est)
China$3.838 trillion (31 December 2010 est)$3.242 trillion (31 December 2009 est)
Colombia$31.83 billion (31 December 2010 est)$24.41 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Comoros$104.7 million (31 December 2009)$98.36 million (31 December 2008)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the$613.9 million (31 December 2008)$597 million (31 December 2007)
Congo, Republic of the$2.403 billion (31 December 2010 est)$1.887 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Costa Rica$4.504 billion (31 December 2010 est)$3.992 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Cote d'Ivoire$5.094 billion (31 December 2010 est)$4.959 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Croatia$8.72 billion (31 December 2010 est)$8.964 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Cuba$11.57 billion (31 December 2010 est)$11.74 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Cyprus$4.341 billion (31 December 2010 est)$4.602 billion (31 December 2009 est)note: this figure represents the US dollar value of Cypriot poundsin circulation prior to Cyprus joining the Economic and MonetaryUnion (EMU); see entry for the European Union for money supply inthe euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetarypolicy for the 16 members of the EMU; individual members of the EMUdo not control the quantity of money circulating within their ownborders
Czech Republic$96.82 billion (31 December 2010 est)$92.95 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Denmark$148.1 billion (31 December 2010 est)$153.1 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Djibouti$577.8 million (31 December 2009)$462.7 million (31 December 2008)
Dominica$74.84 million (31 December 2009)$67.94 million (31 December 2008)
Dominican Republic$4.734 billion (31 December 2010 est)$4.079 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Ecuador$6.198 billion (31 December 2010 est)$5.201 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Egypt$37.8 billion (31 December 2010 est)$33.42 billion (31 December 2009 est)
El Salvador$2.534 billion (31 December 2010 est)$2.153 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Equatorial Guinea$1.86 billion (31 December 2010 est)$1.295 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Eritrea$1.382 billion (31 December 2010 est)$1.007 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Estonia$5.345 billion (31 December 2010 est)$5.822 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Ethiopia$4.764 billion (31 December 2010 est)$4.972 billion (31 December 2009 est)
European Union$5.542 trillion (31 December 2008)$5.649 trillion (31 December 2007)note: this is the quantity of money, M1, for the euro area,converted into US dollars at the exchange rate for the dateindicated; it excludes the stock of money carried by non-euro-areamembers of the European Union
Fiji$748 million (31 December 2008)$1.042 billion (31 December 2007)
Finland$108 billion (31 December 2010 est)$110.4 billion (31 December 2009 est)note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euroarea; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy forthe 16 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individualmembers of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulatingwithin their own borders
France$858.6 billion (31 December 2010 est)$862.3 billion (31 December 2009 est)note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euroarea; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy forthe 16 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individualmembers of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulatingwithin their own borders
Gabon$1.835 billion (31 December 2010 est)$1.623 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Gambia, The$222.9 million (31 December 2010 est)$210.2 million (31 December 2009 est)
Georgia$1.175 billion (31 December 2010 est)$1.122 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Germany$1.627 trillion (31 December 2010 est)$1.681 trillion (31 December 2009 est)note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euroarea; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy forthe 16 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individualmembers of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulatingwithin their own borders
Ghana$6.26 billion (31 December 2010 est)$5.203 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Greece$152.8 billion (31 December 2010 est)$172.8 billion (31 December 2009 est)note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euroarea; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy forthe 16 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individualmembers of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulatingwithin their own borders
Grenada$123.1 million (31 December 2009)$131.7 million (31 December 2008)
Guatemala$6.6 billion (31 December 2010 est)$6.13 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Guinea$496.2 million (31 December 2010 est)$459.7 million (31 December 2009 est)
Guinea-Bissau$192.1 million (31 December 2009)$171.2 million (31 December 2008)
Guyana$386.9 million (31 December 2010 est)$252.9 million (31 December 2009 est)
Haiti$787.2 million (31 December 2010 est)$800 million (31 December 2009 est)
Honduras$1.296 billion (31 December 2010 est)$1.564 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Hong Kong$84.88 billion (31 December 2010 est)$75.49 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Hungary$28.67 billion (31 December 2010 est)$30.25 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Iceland$4.413 billion (31 December 2010 est)$4.438 billion (31 December 2009 est)
India$328.4 billion (31 December 2010 est)$268.4 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Indonesia$65.47 billion (31 December 2010 est)$49.63 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Iran$50.37 billion (31 December 2010 est)$48.74 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Iraq$35.69 billion (31 December 2010 est)$30.02 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Ireland$127.7 billion (31 December 2010 est)$141 billion (31 December 2009 est)note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euroarea; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy forthe 16 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individualmembers of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulatingwithin their own borders
Israel$27.58 billion (31 December 2010 est)$25.16 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Italy$1.234 trillion (31 December 2010 est)$1.267 trillion (31 December 2009 est)note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euroarea; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy forthe 16 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individualmembers of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulatingwithin their own borders
Jamaica$1.432 billion (31 December 2010 est)$1.371 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Japan$5.541 trillion (31 December 2010 est)$5.162 trillion (31 December 2009 est)
Jordan$9.386 billion (31 December 2010 est)$8.437 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Kazakhstan$20.91 billion (31 December 2010 est)$16.66 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Kenya$6.333 billion (31 December 2010 est)$5.717 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Korea, South$101.9 billion (31 December 2010 est)$82.54 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Kuwait$18.12 billion (31 December 2010 est)$16.38 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Kyrgyzstan$714.9 million (31 December 2010 est)$826.4 million (31 December 2009 est)
Laos$630 million (31 December 2010 est)$691.1 million (31 December 2009)