—, graduation of Mohawk and Hudson, xxi, 385.f
—, Baltimore, method of clearing the snow from, xx, 166.f
— curves,T. Gorton, xxvii, 131.f
—, elevation of, required for rails, over roads of a certain curvature,J. Thomson, xxii, 346.f
—, inclined planes in the construction of,J. Thomson, xxiii, 107.
—,turnoutsin, with flexible moveable rails,T. Gorton, xxviii, 248.
— cars, rapidity consistent with safety, xxxv, 197.
—, improved method of constructing, xxxv, 318.
—, cast iron sleepers for, xxxv, 318.
—, resistance of air to trains of, xxxviii, 136.
—, atmospheric, xlix, 228.
— tunnel, in Pennsylvania, xxix, 73.
Railways, vibration of,Denham, xxx, 382.
Railway iron, remarks on,D. Mushet, xxxiv, 15.
Rain,amount of, at different heights in the atmosphere, xxix, 354.
—, —, in S. W. of Ireland,T. Knox, xlvi, 394.
—, —, in the Ghâts of Western India, xxxviii, 103.
—, mean annual amount of, at Perth, Scotland, xl, 342.
—, excessive at Genoa and elsewhere,J. D. Forbes, xl, 326.
— at Paris, in 1823, ix, 194.
—, register of, at Hudson, Ohio,E. Loomis, xli, 328; xlix, 282.
—, —, at Montreal, 1836-1840,J. S. McCord, xli, 331.
— at Westchester, Penn., amount for several years,W. Darlington, vi, 326.
— —, register for ten years, xiv, 29.
—, at New Fane, Vt., 1823, '24,M. Field, viii, 306.
—, tropical, iv, 375.
—, season of, in Columbia, South America,R. Wright, xxxvii, 2.
— from a clear sky, instances of, xxxvi, 178.
—,Rowall'stheory of, xli, 40.
—, remarks on,W. C. Redfield, xxxiii, 54.
—, red, i, 309.
—, —, in Tennessee,G. Troost, xli, 403.
—, —, —, a hoax, xliv, 216.
— of mollusca, xxx, 187.
— of fish, xli, 40.
— of grain, xli, 40.
— water, contents of, xv, 181, 185.
—, see farther underMeteorology.
Rain-gauge, improved,G. Chilton, vii, 326.f
—, conical,S. De Witt, xxii, 321.f
—, used in New York state, xxv, 267.f
—, globular, ofRobinson, xlii, 159.
—,A. D. Bache, on the effect of deflected currents of air on the results with, xxxv, 287.
Rain-marksin sandstone,W. Buckland, xxxv, 308.
—, at Storeton Hill,Cunningham, xxxvii, 371.
— in the new red sandstone of New Jersey,W. C. Redfield, xliii, 172; xliv, 136; xlv, 315.
— in the rocks of the Connecticut valley,C. Lyell, xlv, 394.
— in the Connecticut valley sandstone,J. Deane, xlix, 213.
— in the Potsdam sandstone,E. Emmons, xlv, 316.
Rainbow, different brilliancy of the primary and secondary, xxi, 379.
—, supernumerary,A. C. Twining, xxxii, 227.
—, accompanied with five supplementary bows,D. Brewster, xl, 344.
—, an acoustic, xxi, 381.
Rainey, P., on the dry-rot, xxxiv, 169.
Raining trees, notice of, xv, 170.
Rains, G. W., on the generation of statical electricity by the electrical machine, xlix, 93.f
Raleigh's tyfoon of 1835, xxxv, 210; xxxvi, 59.
Ram, hydraulic, iii, 381.
Rambles of a naturalist, xxv, 425.
Ramond, on the vegetation of the Pyrenees, xiv, 377.
Rana, species of, x, 52; xi, 273.
Raphael tapestries, effect of light and air in restoring the colors of, xxxvii, 214.
Rapids, navigation of, vii, 175.
Rask, notice of, iv, 383.
Rat, pouched, of Canada, iv, 183.
—, mode of destroying, xxiv, 205.
Rational expression for sines, tangents and secants,D. Gould, xxii, 392.
Rats, habits of, xlvi, 242.
Rattlesnakes, ii, 229.
—, curious facts respecting the bones of,J. Green, iii, 85.
—, disarmed by the leaves of the white ash,S. Woodruff, xxiii, 337.
—, — ibid, remarks on, xxx, 208.
—, cure for bite, iv, 61, 189.
—, Turman's snake root in North Carolina considered an antidote for the bite of, xlii, 43.
—, oil cure for the bite of, xliv, 95.
—, Crotalus durissus, xxiv, 176.
—, habits of, xlvi, 44.
Rawson, on fires in London, xxxv, 316.
Ray, solar, seeLight.
Ray, John, some notice of,C. Fox, xxxvi, 223.
Razors, paste for, iv, 199.
—, method of sharpening, xxi, 165.
—, effect of cold on, xxvi, 189.
Record of General Science,R. D. Thomson's, noticed, xxviii, 365; xxxii, 212.
Rectification of the ellipse, xviii, 38.f
Red color in agates, xxxvi, 207.
— — of marshes in the Mediterranean, xli, 193.
— globules of blood related to Protococcus, xxxvi, 206.
— rain, i, 309.
— — in Tennessee, xli, 403.
— — —, a hoax, xliv, 216.
— snow, x, 192.
— —, an animal production,L. Agassiz, xli, 64.
— sulphur spring, Va., xxix, 96.
Redfield, W. C., on the storms of the Atlantic coast of the United States, xx, 17;
–storm of September 3, 1821, 20;
exhibited in the form of a great whirlwind, 21;
tornadoes, generally, revolve on an axis of rotation and move with the main currents, 22;
a consequent retrograde motion on one side of the axis and progressive on the other side, 23.
—, storm of August, 1830, xx, 34;
second storm of August, 1830, 39;
storm of October 1, 1830, 41;
fall in the barometer due to the gyration of storms, 45.
—, on the hurricane of August, 1831, illustrating the position that storms and hurricanes are gyratory in action, and move with the general current of the region in which they occur, xxi, 191.
—, on the hurricanes and storms of the West Indies and the coast of the United States, xxv, 114;
–uniformity of general character of; originate in tropical latitudes; greatest energy towards their interior; drifted by the prevailing atmospheric current; velocity of progression, 114;
length of route; local duration; direction of the winds not the direction of progress, 115;
local directions and change of wind, 115, 116;
rotative motion from right to left in the northern hemisphere; effect on the barometer, 117;
oscillation of the axis of rotation, 118;
Barbadoes hurricane of August, 1831, 119;
practical deductions for navigators, 119, 120;
storms of the China Sea similar to those of the West Indies, 121;
gyration in the southern hemisphere opposite to that in the northern, 121.
—, facts in meteorology, xxv, 122;
–general view of the atmosphere and its currents, 123;
classification of storm-winds, 126;
whirlwinds and water-spouts identical, 127;
transport of volcanic ashes by upper currents, 128, 129;
barometer, 129, 130;
circuit currents of the Atlantic and Pacific, 130, 131;
cold polar currents flowing beneath the tropical, and carrying icebergs into the Gulf Stream, 131.
—, irregularities in the tides at Tahiti and elsewhere suggest a movement of the tide-wave from west to east in the higher latitudes and the reverse in the lower, xxv, 132;
climate, as connected with atmospheric and oceanic currents, 133;
deserts due to the fact that aerial currents of the region are passing from colder to warmer latitudes, 134.
—, synopsis of Meteorological Journal in New York city, for 1833, '34, xxviii, 154;
–observed winds and cloud currents, 155;
cold of southwest winds in winter, 157;
barometric results, 157.
—, reply toJ. P. Espy's"Notes," xxviii, 310;
–tides at Tahiti, 311;
course of tide-wave in N. Atlantic, 313;
southwest wind of the Andes, 314;
correction of a barometrical inaccuracy, 315;
general atmospheric currents due to the earth's rotation and orbital progression, as affecting the gravitation, 316;
greatest influence of heat shown in land and sea breezes, 317.
—, gales and hurricanes of the Western Atlantic, with a chart, xxxi, 115;
–character of, and causes, 115-119f;
hurricane of October, 1780, at Jamaica, showing the northwardly progression of, 120;
hurricane of Barbadoes, October 10, 1780, 121;
Barbadoes, Sept. 3, 1835, 122;
rotatory scudding in hurricanes, 122;
routes of various hurricanes, 125-127;
Pacific systems of storms same as in the Atlantic, 128, 129.
—, relation of Gulf Stream to an opposite current on the N. American coast, xxxii, 349;
–icebergs carried into the Gulf Stream by the deeper polar current, 351, 352;
(boulders of Labradorite at Cocksackie, 351;)
lower temperature on shoals and shores, due to the submarine current, 353.
—, meteorological sketches; on the atmosphere, currents, winds, clouds, fogs, rain, hail, storms, water-spouts, whirlwinds, trade winds, circuit winds, and land and sea breezes, xxxiii, 50;
–deserts, variations of the barometer, 261.
—, meteorological journal at New York, for 1837, with average results for the preceding five years, including surface winds and cloud currents, and barometrical observations, xxxiv, 373.
—, on the courses of hurricanes, xxxv, 201;
–tornado of 1835, 206;
tyfoons of the China Sea, 209;
Raleigh's tyfoon, 210f;
Canton tyfoon of August, 1832, 217;
ibid of September, 1831, 218;
hurricanes of Asiatic Seas, 220;
law of atmospheric circulation, 222.
—, on columnar whirlwinds excited by fires, xxxvi, 50.
—, Raleigh's Tyfoon, xxxvi, 59.
—, meteorological register at New York city, for 1838 and 1839, with the mean results for the last seven years, xxxviii, 323.
—, meteorological observations at St. John's, Newfoundland, and at Canton, China, xxxviii, 265.
—, on the tornado of New Brunswick, and its whirling action, xli, 69.f
—, on the storm of Dec. 15, 1839, and general deductions on the nature of storms, xlii, 112.f
—, on the Providence tornado, with the evidence of its whirling action, xliii, 263.f
—, reply toR. Hare'sobjections to the whirlwind theory of storms, xlii, 299; xliii, 250.
—, reply toR. Hare'sstrictures on H. W.Dové'sessay on storms, xliv, 384.
—, on tides, and the prevailing currents of the ocean and atmosphere, xlv, 293.
—, on ancient polar currents, xliii, 152.
—, on drift deposits about New York, xliii, 152.
—,ScoresbyandBuchan'sobservations on the temperature of the ocean at different depths showing warmer waters below, xlv, 139.
—, healed waters at the bottom of an ocean not immediately diffused by upward currents, xlv, 138.
—, on the effects of polar currents, xlv, 326.
—, on the drift period, the condition of the earth at the time and attendant phenomena, xlvii, 120.
—, on the drift ice, and currents of the North Atlantic, with an illustrative map, xlviii, 373.
—, visit to Essex Co. mountains, N. Y., and barometric measurements, with a sketch of the northern sources of the Hudson, xxxiii, 301f;
–see farther underNew York.
—, on some American fossil fishes of the Connecticut valley and New Jersey, xli, 24, 164; xliii, 172.
—, fossil fishes of New Jersey and Connecticut identical, xxxvi, 186.
—, fossil fish and footprints in the red sandstone of New Jersey, xliv, 134.f
—, on fossil fishes in New Jersey, xlv, 314.
—, fossil fish in Virginia, xxxiv, 201.
—, fossil footprints of Middletown, Ct., xxxiii, 201.
—, — — of Portland, Ct., xliii, 172.
—, — — in New Jersey, xliv, 134; xlv, 315.
—, — rain-marks in New Jersey, xliii, 172; xliv, 136; xlv, 315.
—, fossil shells of the Miocene, xli, 161.
—, notices of American steamboats, xxiii, 311.
—, on steamboat explosions, xxi, 190.
Refining, instructions on, xvii, 177.
Reflecting goniometer, xx, 158.
Refraction in the higher regions of the atmosphere, suggestions on, xii, 299.
—, curious lunar, x, 187.
—, extraordinary, in the diamond, xxxiv, 38.f
—, double, its relation to the crystalline forms of minerals,D. Brewster, vii, 363.
—, —, produced by pressure,D. Brewster, xxi, 296.
—, —, cause of, in crystals,D. Brewster, xxi, 296.
— of heat, xxviii, 366.
Refractive indices, theoretical computation of,B. Powell, xlii, 160.
— —,B. Powellon, xxxviii, 107.
— power of minute bodies, and its application to mineralogy,A. Bryson, xli, 54.
Refrigerating compound, seeCold.
Regents of the University of New York, Report of, xxii, 415; xxv, 258f; xxvii, 177; xxx, 389; xlix, 176.
Regnault, V., analysis of lithia mica, xxxvii, 356.
—, researches on the dilatation of gases, notice of, xliv, 63.
Règne Animal of Cuvier, American translation of, xxi, 388.
Reid, W., on the laws of storms, xxxv, 276.
—, work by, on storms, noticed, xxxv, 182.
Reizet, on determining the nitrogen in organic compounds, xlv, 267.
Reliquiæ Diluvianæ, ofW. Buckland, viii, 150, 317; xi, 196; xviii, 393.
— Baldwinianæ, xlvi, 192.
Rennell, J., notice of, xx, 304.
Rensselaer, J. van, ascent of Mount Blanc, ii, 1.
—, on the natural history of the ocean, v, 128.
—, notice of freshwater formations, vi, 381.
—, notice of an error inJ. Finch'spaper on the Celtic antiquities of America, viii, 200.
—, on lightning rods, ix, 331.
—, geological lectures of, ix, 397; xii, 399.
—, on the fossil mastodon, xi, 246; xii, 380.
—, new Vesuvian minerals, xi, 250.f
—, natural history of Orange Co., N. Y., xiii, 224.
—, fossil tooth of an elephant, xiv, 31.
—, on a larva, supposed to have passed from the bladder, xiii, 229.
—, temperature of the cities of Rome (Italy) and New York, xiii, 120.
Rensselaer, S. van, obituary notice of, xxxvi, 156.
—, notice of his survey in the district adjoining the Erie canal, viii, 195, 358.
Rensselaer school, travelling of, xviii, 200; xix, 151.
— — flotilla, xviii, 200.
— —, incidents of, in 1830, xix, 153.
Rensselaerite, is steatitic pyroxene,L. C. Beck, xl, 77.
Renwick, J., longitude of New York, v, 143.
—, on a new mineral, viii, 192.
—, translation from the Astronomical Journal of Hamburgh, xvi, 225.
—, letter to, byE. Sabine, on the magnetism of the earth, xvii, 145.
—, treatise on the steam engine, review of, xx, 323.
—, Outlines of Geology, noticed, xxxiv, 183.
Repeating Theodolite,F. R. Hassler's, xvi, 252.f
Report on Iron, byJ. H. Alexander, xli, 376.
— on herbaceous plants of Massachusetts, byC. Dewey, xli, 378.
— on the quadrupeds of Massachusetts, byE. Emmons, xli, 378.
— on insects injurious to vegetation, byT. W. Harris, noticed, xliii, 386.
— on the invertebrata of Massachusetts,A. A. Gould, xli, 378.
—, fishes, reptiles and birds of Massachusetts, xxxviii, 379, 393.
— on the fishes of New York, byJ. E. Dekay, reviewed, xlv, 275.
—, Geological, of Connecticut, byC. U. Shepard, noticed, xxxiii, 151.
—, —, —, byJ. G. Percival, noticed, xliv, 187.
—, —, of Indiana, byD. D. Owen, noticed, xxxiv, 193; xl, 133.
—, —, of Maine, byC. T. Jackson, noticed, xxxii, 193; xxxv, 387; xxxvi, 143; xxxvii, 376.
—, —, of Maryland, byJ. T. Ducatel, noticed, xxvii, 1; xxx, 393; xxxii, 191.
—, —, of Massachusetts, byE. Hitchcock, xxii, 1f; xxiii, 389; xxvi, 213; xxxvi, 363; xli, 384.
—, —, of Michigan, byD. Houghton, xxxiv, 190; xl, 136.
—, —, of New Hampshire, byC. T. Jackson, noticed, xli, 383; xlviii, 393; xlix, 27.
—, —, of New York, annual, noticed, xxxii, 186; xxxvi, 1; xxxix, 95; xl, 73; xlii, 227.
—, —, —, final, reviewed, xlvi, 143; xlvii, 354f; xlviii, 296.f
—, —, of Ohio, noticed, xxxii, 190; xxxiv, 196, 347f; xl, 126.
—, —, of Pennsylvania, byH. D. Rogers, noticed, xxxii, 192; xxxiv, 188; xxxvii, 380.
—, —, of Rhode Island, byC. T. Jackson, noticed, xl, 182.
—, —, of Tennessee, byG. Troost, noticed, xxx, 391; xxxiv, 187.
—, —, of Virginia, byW. B. Rogers, noticed, xxxii, 192; xxxvii, 380.
—, —, of Western States,G. W. Featherstonhaugh, xxviii, 379; xxxii, 185.
Reptiles, fossil, notice ofT. Hawkins'swork on, xxvii, 413.
—, —, notice ofR. Owen'sreport on, xlii, 328.
—, on the geological age of,G. A. Mantell, xxi, 359.
—, monograph on,D. H. Barnes, xi, 268.
— of Connecticut, catalogue of,J. H. Linsley, xlvi, 37.
—, see farther underZoology.
Resin, Maynas, xlix, 194.
—, guaiac, xlix, 194.
—,J. F. W. Johnston, xli, 53.
Resistance of the air to railway trains, xxxviii, 136.
— of fluids, general principles of,L. R. Gibbes, xxvii, 135.
— —,A. Bourne, xxviii, 230.
— —,G. W. Keely, xxviii, 318f; xxx, 164; xxxi, 111.
— —,E. W. Blake, xxix, 274; xxx, 359.
— —,J. S. Russell, xxix, 351; xxxv, 317.
Resisting medium, some of the probable effects of,T. H. Perry, xxxviii, 246.
— —, remarks on, xvii, 389.
— —, see farther,Ether.
Respiration, chemical process of, xii, 396.
—,G. Magnus, xxxv, 198.
—, on the office of nitrogen in,L. C. Beck, xviii, 52.
—, effect of deep,G. C. Holland, xxxiv, 28.
— of oxygen, i, 95.
—, products of, at different periods of the day,C. T. Coathupe, xxxvii, 367.
Resuscitation from drowning, by oxygen, remarks on,J. E. Muse, xvi, 250.
Retina, remarks on,W. C. Wallace, xxviii, 278.
Revere, J., on the crude sodas of commerce, xiv, 41.
—, on sheathing for ships, xvi, 180.
Review, seeWorks.
Revue Encyclopédique, notice of, ii, 164; iii, 392; viii, 385; xviii, 184.
— —, notice of one of the monthly suppers commemorating the establishment of, xviii, 184.
Reynolds, W. G., theory of meteors, i, 266.
Rhine, amount of water of, which passes Bâle, v, 392.
Rhinoceros, fossil bones of, ii, 145.
Rhode Island, geological survey of,C. T. Jackson, xl, 182.
—, coal of, x, 342; xi, 78; xii, 76; xl, 187.
Rhodium in gold from Mexico, xi, 298.
Rhomb spar in Massachusetts, vii, 255; x, 18.
Rhubarb,G. W. Carpenter, ix, 91.
—, observations on,G. W. Carpenter, xiv, 33.
—, preparation of, vii, 385.
Ribaucourt, on peat, xv, 250.
Rice, how to boil, xxiii, 202.
— paper, xxiv, 207.
Rich, C., effects of lightning on the packet ship New York, xxxvii, 321.
Rich, E., project for reforming the English alphabet, xlvii, 420.
Richardson, J., on the Zoology of North America, xxxi, 343, 356, 376.
Riddell, J. L., new construction of the barometer, xxvii, 223.f
—, a new mode of preserving plants, xxxv, 338.
—, on the geological features of Ohio, xxx, 394.
—, electro-magnetic engine, xxxv, 343.f
—, Texas, Trinity country, xxxvii, 211.
—, on Hog Wallow Prairies, Texas, xxxix, 211.
Riench'stest for arsenic, medicolegal application of, xliv, 240.
Rigg, R., carbon a compound body, xlvii, 211.
—, Chemical and Agricultural Researches of, noticed, xlvii, 211.
Right angled triangles, expressions for sides of, xxiv, 68.
Rio Janeiro, meteorological register kept at, from 1832-1843, xlvii, 290.
Ripple-marks in transition rocks,T. A. Conrad, xxxv, 248.
— — in the rocks of the Connecticut valley,C. Lyell, xlv, 394.
— — in the new red sandstone of New Jersey, xliv, 136.
— — and mud furrows in rocks,J. Hall, xlv, 148.
— — in New York, xxxvi, 46.
Rise of land, seeElevation.
Ritter, T., on Belmont anthracite, xii, 301.
Rive, A. de la, galvanic instrument by, v, 395.
—, present state (1833) of the principles of electricity, xxvi, 175.
—, on electro-magnetic currents, xxxiv, 6.
River McKenzie, xvii, 4.
— Rhine, amount of water in, which passes Bâle, v, 392.
— Mississippi, velocity of, vii, 174.
— Copper Mine, xvii, 7.
Rivers, action of, xxi, 23.
Rivero, de, sketch of the mines of Pasco, xvii, 43.f
Robert, E., visit to Iceland, xxxi, 167; xxxii, 196.
Robertson, E., on aerostation, xiv, 166, 325.
—, gold medal of the Geographical Society awarded to, xliii, 404.
Robinson, S., catalogue of minerals of, noticed, viii, 200; ix, 396.
—, localities of minerals, viii, 230.
—, notice of minerals, x, 225.
—, cabinet of minerals of, xiii, 199.
Robison, I., on the rising of the coast of Chili, in 1822, xxx, 110.
Robison, J., perfection of the art of photography, xxxvii, 183.
—, substitute for barometer, xxxv, 294.
Robiquet, on a new metallic dye, xxii, 197.
Rochefoucald, Duc de la, notice of, xiii, 167; xiv, 392.
Rochester, town of, ii, 252.
Rock crystal, seeQuartz.
Rock, Paint, i, 67.
Rock, Putnam's, v, 37.
Rocks,Brongniart'sseven classes of, xxxix, 149.
—,K. C. von Leonhard'sarrangement of, xx, 182.
—, European, classification of,H. T. De la Beche, xviii, 26.
—, American, classification and characters of,L. Vanuxem, xvi, 254.
—, nomenclature and classes of,A. Eaton, xiv, 145f, 359.
—, of America, equivalency with European,A. Eaton, xxxix, 149.
—, volcanic, characters and arrangement of the different kinds of,G. P. Scrope, xv, 28.
— of the Connecticut valley, vii, 25.
—, joints in, a result of elevation, xxxi, 366.
—, supposed motion, without apparent cause, v, 34.f
—, moving, of Salisbury, remarks on, v, 34f; ix, 239.
— moved by ice,J. Adams, ix, 136.
— —,J. Wood, ix, 144.
—, removal of, by the Saxicava, xlii, 326.
—, excavated basins in, about a fall in the Green Mountains, Vt., vi, 252.
—, blasting of, seeBlasting.
Rocket, newly invented, v, 189.
Rocking stone, of Durham, N. H.,J. B. Moore, vi, 243.f
— — of Hanover, N. H., xxiv, 185.f
— — of Roxbury, Mass., vii, 59.f
— — in Savoy, Massachusetts, ix, 27.f
— — in Rhode Island, x, 9.f
— — in Warwick, R. Island, vii, 201.f
— — in Putnam Co., N. Y., v, 252.f
— — raised by the Indians of America, vii, 157.
Rocksalt, seeSalt.
Rockwell, C. H., analysis of kyanite, xlvi, 383.
—, analysis of meteoric iron of Otsego Co., N. Y., xlvi, 402.
Rockwell, S., on spontaneous combustion, v, 201.
Rocky Mountains, geological observations on the northern termination of, xvii, 2.
— —, geology and meteorology west of,A. Eaton, xxv, 351.
— —, ibid, remarks on,J. Ball, xxviii, 1.
Rod, divining, iii, 102; xi, 201.f
Rodentia, new species of, xxxi, 385.
—, see fartherZoology.
Rodman, W. W., new localities of minerals, xxxv, 179, 180.
Rodriguez, P. J., on comets, xvi, 94.f
Roger, T., on the preservation of insects, xix, 213.
Rogers, G. A., method of manufacturing pot and pearl ashes, viii, 304.
Rogers, H. D., on the falls of Niagara, xxvii, 326.f
—, Geology of the United States, notice of a memoir read before the British Association, xxviii, 74.
—, opinion on age of graywacke, opposed, xxxv, 243.
—, ibid, explanation concerning,B. Silliman, xxxv, 250.
—, on trap dikes in Pennsylvania, xli, 173.
—, — —, crescent form of, xlv, 334.
—, on diluvial action, xli, 175.
—, Pennsylvania coal formation, xli, 177.
—, dip of new red sandstone, due to oblique deposition, xliii, 170.
—, dispersion of drift due to waves of translution from the north seas, xliii, 153.
—, on hydrated minerals, xlv, 147.
—, on the ancient temperature of the globe, xlv, 147.
—, Address before the American Association of Geologists and Naturalists, including a review of American geology and some branches of general geological dynamics, xlvii, 137, 247.
—, characters of some recent earthquakes, as bearing upon the dynamics of geology, xlv, 341; xlvii, 274.
—, paroxysmal undulations of the earth's crust, a cause of flexures of strata, xlv, 345, 346; xlvii, 276.
—, constitution of the atmosphere during the coal era, xlvii, 105.
—, first Report on the Geology of Pennsylvania, noticed, xxxii, 192.
—, second Report on Geology of Pennsylvania, noticed, xxxiv, 188.
—, third Report, ibid, xxxvii, 380.
—, fifth Report, ibid, xli, 385.
—, origin of the Appalachian coal strata, xliii, 178.
—, structure of the Appalachian chain, xliii, 177; xliv, 359.
—, scratches, diluvial, in Pennsylvania, xliii, 180.
—, a new compound containing platinum, xxxix, 369.
Rogers, J. B., andJ. Green, experiments with the elementary voltaic battery, xxviii, 33.
Rogers, J. B., dolomite, a double salt, xli, 172.
—, analysis of meteoric iron, xliii, 169.
Rogers, Moses, Savannah steamer the first which crossed the Atlantic, commanded by, xxxviii, 155.
—, —, log-book of, preserved at Philadelphia, by the American Philosophical Society, xl, 34.
Rogers, R. E., on limestones, xli, 171.
—, new instruments and processes for the analysis of the carbonates, xlvi, 346.f
Rogers, S., letters on the manufacture of iron, xlii, 380.
Rogers, W. B.andH. D., experimental enquiry into some of the laws of the elementary voltaic battery, xxvii, 39.f
Rogers, W. B., analyses of shells, xxvi, 36.
—, apparatus for analyzing marl and carbonates, xxvii, 299f; xlvi, 346.f
—, on bimalate of lime in sumach, xxvii, 294.
—, self-filling syphon, xxvii, 302.f
—, chlorine in meteoric iron, xliii, 169.
—, fossilfootmarks, xliii, 173.
—, ores of zinc and lead in Virginia, xliii, 169.
—, oxide of tin in Virginia, xliii, 168.
—, on subterranean temperature, xliii, 176.
—, on the dip of strata, xliii, 171.
—, elevation and flexure of strata, theory of, xliv, 360.
—, proofs of diluvial agency, xliii, 181.
—, infusorial stratum, near Richmond, Va., xlv, 313.
—, — —, in Maryland, xlvi, 141.
—, Virginia tertiary formations, xxxviii, 183.
—, coal of eastern Virginia, of the age of the lower oolite, xliii, 175.
—, natural coke, or porous anthracite of eastern Virginia, xliii, 175.
—, connection of thermal springs with anticlinal axes and faults, xliii, 176.
—, structure of the Appalachian chain, xliii, 177; xliv, 359.
—, on chemical equivalents, xlvii, 105.
—, geological Report on Virginia, notice of, xxxii, 192; xxxvii, 380.
Roma, Campagna di, malaria of, xxii, 336.
—, manuscripts at, v, 385.
—, clergy and population of, ix, 186.
Roman aqueducts, xix, 389.
Romanzow's expedition across Behring's Straits, ii, 345.
Roofs of pasteboard, xxiv, 381.
Roofing with zinc,A. Caswell, xxxi, 248.
—, ibid,L. D. Gale, xxxii, 315.
—, slate, of Lebanon, N. Y., v, 11.
—, —, in Vermont, v, 272.
Ropes, on the various vegetable materials for, xxi, 27; xxv, 330.
—, material for, from the Rose of Sharon, xxviii, 371.
—, from Manilla hemp, xli, 200.f
—, strengthened by a solution of glue with oak bark, xxvi, 186.
Rosaic acid in urine, xvii, 385.
Rose of Sharon, fibres of, xxviii, 371.
Roses, preparation of oil of, xxviii, 383.
—, stearoptine of oil of, xxviii, 383.
Rosé, G., on the identity of Edwardsite and Monazite, xxxv, 249.
Rosé, H., on the new metals niobium and pelopium, xlviii, 400.
—, examination of columbite, xlix, 228.
Rosin, gas lights from, xxviii, 147.
—, bubbles blown in, ii, 179.
Rosse's great telescope, xlvi, 208; xlix, 221.
Rossie lead mines, xxxvi, 24; xlii, 174.
Rot, dry,G. Gibbs, ii, 114.
—, —, P. Rainey, xxxiv, 169.
—, —, J. T. Plummer, xlii, 197.
Rotary motion, instrument for illustrating, (rotascope)W. R. Johnson, xxi, 265.f
—, multiplier, see underElectricity.
Rotascope, description of,W. R. Johnson, xxi, 265.f
Rotation of the planet Venus, xxiv, 204.f
—, of fluids, xxvii, 84.f
Rotative piston, Cooper's, xvi, 313.f
Rothe, C. E., remarks on the gold mines of North Carolina, xiii, 201.f
Rotting of timber in certain situations, xxxii, 380.
Rowles, evaporation of water under electrical insulation, xlvii, 190.
Royal George, state of preservation of, xl, 213.
— Society, seeSociety.
Rubellite of Kingsbridge, ii, 366.
Ruby, fusion of, ii, 292.
Rudder, temporary, xiii, 371.f
Rue, W. de la, structure of electro-precipitated metals, xlix, 390.
Ruffin, E., on calcareous manures, review of, xxx, 138.
Ruggles, D., notice of the region about Fort Winnebago, xxx, 1.f
—, on the copper mines of Lake Superior, xlix, 64.f
—, tides in the North American lakes, xlv, 18.
—, on a large trilobite, and Iowa coralline marble, xlix, 216.
Rumford, Count, biographical memoir of, xix, 28.
—, —, sketch of the early history of,J. Johnston, xxxiii, 21.
Ruminants, follicular dentition in, xxxviii, 129.
Rumker, C., on currents in the ocean, xx, 180.
Rupert's drop, breaking of, xxv, 194.
Rural economy, v, 380; xiv, 391.
Ruschenberger, W. S. W., remarks on the barometer, and meteorological observations on board U. S. ship Peacock, xxxiii, 345.
—, translation ofC. Bertero'slist of the plants of Chili, xix, 63, 299; xx, 248; xxiii, 78, 250.
Rush, B., on the sugar of the maple, ii, 261.
Russell, A., on Statistical Enquiries, noticed, xxxix, 395.
Russell, J. L., on the cryptogamia of Chelmsford, xxxix, 183.
Russell, J. S., on waves, xxxiii, 283; xxxiv, 1; xxxv, 290.
—, substitute for mountain barometer, xxxv, 294.
Russell'sPlanetarium, xlii, 400.
Russia,population of, iv, 389.
—, population and religion of, xv, 397.
—, religious toleration in, xvii, 192.
—, establishments in, v, 176.
—, extensive draining in, v, 393.
—, destruction of live-stock by wolves, xx, 177.
—, wood in, vi, 398.
—, steppes of, xvii, 23.
—, —, salt, of Orenburg, xliv, 205.
—, Irkutsk, notice of, xvii, 27.
—, Okotsk, notice of, xvii, 30.
—, St. Petersburgh Botanic Garden, xx, 175.
—, libraries of, v, 177.
—, Yakutsk, notice of, xvii, 28.
—, gypsum in, xvii, 19, 21, 24.
—, salt of, xvii, 19.
—, mines, proceeds of, from 1818 to 1823, xii, 197.
—, mines of Nertchinsk, xvii, 34.
—, diamond mines, xix, 199.
—, copper mines at Ekatherinenburg, xvii, 25.
—, notice of gold mines of, ix, 183; xii, 384; xiv, 204; xvii, 25; xviii, 190; xxviii, 395; xlvi, 211.
—, mines of gold and silver, yield of, xvii, 406; xx, 402; xxi, 372.
—, mass of twenty-five pounds, xii, 384.
—, platina in the Ural, xii, 384; xiv, 204; xviii, 190; xxviii, 395.
—, —, large masses of, xlvi, 212.
—, iron founderies, improvements in, xxx, 181.
—, stone butter, a mineral product eaten in, xvii, 28.
Russian drinks, xi, 392.
—, leather, fabrication of, iv, 193.
—, universities, xx, 176.
Rust, preservation of iron from, xix, 203; xxi, 150; xxii, 382; xxiii, 199, 383.
—, means of preserving from, by caoutchouc, vi, 398.
Ruthenium, a new metal from the Ural, xvi, 384; xlviii, 401.
Rutile, in Connecticut, iv, 55.
—, in Massachusetts, i, 116, 134; v, 405; vii, 58; xii, 259; xx, 170.
—, in New Jersey, ix, 245.
—, in New York, xxi, 325.
—, in Pennsylvania, v, 41; xiv, 5, 14.
—, in Vermont, ix, 55.
Rye, ergot of,Wm. Tally, ii, 45.
S.
Sabal Adansoni, xxvi, 315.
— hystrix, v, 293.
— minima, v, 293.
Sabine, E., on the magnetism of the earth, and especially of the Arctic regions, xvii, 145.f
Saccharic acid,Heintz, xlviii, 193.
Saccharine juices, optical properties of,Biot, xxiv, 379.
Saco river, temperature of, xxxiv, 381; xxxvii, 389.
Saddle Mountain, Mass., viii, 3.
Safe, for provisions, xxx, 169.
Safety lamp,H. Davy's, xvii, 240.
— —, ofE. du Mesnil, xxxviii, 115.
— tubes, substitute for, xvii, 345.f
Sagenaria, generic characters, vii, 180.
Sager, A., on American amphibia, xxxvi, 320.f
Saguerus, a Sago palm, affording material for cordage, xxi, 36.
Sahlite, in Connecticut, vi, 225.
—, in New York, viii, 88.
Sailing, solution of a case in, xlvi, 79.
Sal-ammoniac, produced from the combustion of a coal bed, vi, 395.
Salamander, see underZoology.
Salicine, xix, 204, 370; xx, 384.
—, mode of obtaining, xxi, 155.
—, properties of, xlix, 392.
Saliferous formation of the Ohio valley,S. P. Hildreth, xxiv, 46; xxix, 26.
— — in New York, xxxix, 103.
— — in Virginia, xli, 214.
Salina, salt works and springs of, xv, 6; xvi, 187; xix, 141; xxxvi, 2; xxxix, 103.
—, bromine in the brine of, xviii, 143.
Salines, see underSalt.
Salisbury, E. E., Dr. Lund on theoccurrenceof fossil human bones of thepræ-historicworld, xliv, 277.
—, abstract of J. Klaproth on the invention of the compass, xl, 242.
Salisbury, S., analysis of the Avon waters, xxxv, 188.
Salisbury, Connecticut, iron ores, ii, 212.
—, iron works, xix, 322.
—, geology and mineralogy of, viii, 252.
Salix ambigua, xlv, 35.
— Cutleri, xlv, 36.
— myrtilloides, xlv, 34.
— phylicifolia, xlv, 35.
Salmon, W., biographical notice of, xxxvii, 121.
Salt,J. Van Rensselaeron, vii, 360.
—, a mode of obtaining large crystals of, xvi, 397.
—, a remedy for animal poisons, xxi, 158.
—, gas in the cavities of, producing decrepitation, xix, 198.
— storms, influence of, on vegetation,J. B. Beck, i, 388.
—, ibid, on animals, i, 394.
—, quantity of, in sea-water,C. Daubeny, xxxvi, 188.
—, marine, arsenic detected in, xx, 193.
— infusoria, xli, 193.
— beds, origin of,L. Vanuxem,xii, 88.
— manufactured by evaporation on faggots, x, 180.
— in Asia, Tabriz, Lake Oroomiah, and of the great desert of Arabia, xxxvii, 350.
— in Europe, annual yield of mines, iii, 371.
— —, in Russia, xvii, 19, 20.
— —, —, steppe south of Orenburg,R. I. Murchison, xliv, 205.
— —, mines of Ischil, xxix, 225.
— —, in France, impurities of, xix, 178.
— —, mines in Cheshire, England, xxiii, 219.
— in South America, on the plains of Tarapaca,J. H. Blake, xliv, 2.
— —, New Grenada, works of Zipaquera,J. H. Gibbon, xxxii, 89.
— in North America, U. States, springs and deposits,G. W. Carpenter, xv, 1.
— —, New York, rocks and springs of, xv, 5, 6, 214; xxxvi, 2; xxxix, 103.
— —, —, works of Onondaga lake, xlii, 228.
— —, —, works of Salina and Syracuse, xv, 6; xix, 141.
— —, —, manufacture of, xxxvi, 2.
— —, Pennsylvania, valley of the Kiskiminitas and Conemaugh,S. P. Hildreth, xxix, 71.
— —, Ohio, region of,S. P. Hildreth, xxiv, 46.
— —, —, of the Muskingum valley,S. P. Hildreth, xxiv, 50; xxix, 26.
— —, —, of Sundy Creek, xxix, 48.
— —, —, mode of making the salt in the Ohio valley, xxiv, 54.
— —, —, history of manufacture of,S. P. Hildreth, xxix, 117.
— —, in Virginia, and salt formation, xli, 214.
— —, —, Kenawha valleys,S. P. Hildreth, xxiv, 51; xxix, 84, 113.
— —, —, of the Holston,C. B. Hayden, xliv, 173.
— —, in Michigan, xxxiv, 192.
— —, in Kentucky, xxix, 140.
— —, in Texas, springs of,xxxvii, 213.
—, see fartherSprings, salt.
—, theory of, xxix, 115.
— marshes of the Mediterranean, red color of, due to a crustaceous animal, xli, 193.
— radical theory, criticism on,R. Hare, xlv, 52, 247.
— —, —, criticism on,W. Gibbs, xlvi, 52.
— —, —,R. Kane, xlvi, 57.
Salts,T. Grahamon the constitution of, xxxv, 300.
—, number of, xvii, 184.
—, fusibility of, xix, 379.
— of ammonia, solvent and oxidating powers of, xviii, 255.
—, efflorescence of, prevented by the vapor of turpentine, xvi, 391.
—, haloid, certain existence of, in solution, demonstrated,G. Wilson, xxxviii, 118.
—, Harrodsburg, analysis of,E. D. Smith, i, 403.
—, metallic, on the decomposition of,C. Matteucci, xx, 187.
—, new series of double, formed by the action of sulphurous and nitrous acids upon the alkaline bases,E. Fremy, xlviii, 194.
Saltness of the ocean, v, 131.
— —, remarks on,H. Humphreys, xlix, 208.
— —, at different depths, xxiii, 10.
Saltpetre, method of making by sun's heat, discovered byBaffi, vi, 400.
—, formed from beat leaves, xv, 180.
Sampson, W., notice of a cetaceous animal, xxiii, 301.f
San Lorenzo, Peru, fossils from, xxxviii, 201.
Sand, blown from shore, viii, 392.
—, rate of flowing, and angle of a heap of, xix, 190.
—, pressure of, xix, 190.
—, of Lake George, iv, 46.
—, white siliceous, of Staten Island, xxxvi, 21.
—, lightning tubes in, xx, 396.
Sand hills, iii, 27.
Sand pipes in chalk, cause of,C. Lyell, xxxviii, 122.
Sandstone, recent, on northern coast of Cornwall,J. A. Paris, i, 234.
—, new red, some account of, in United States, xli, 244.
—, — —, of United States, dip due to oblique deposition,H. D. Rogers, xliii, 170.f
—, new red, of Connecticut, cause of inclined position,B. Silliman, xlvii, 107.
—, — —, of the Connecticut river, vi, 39.f
—, — —, fossil remains, including bones, in, ii, 146; vi, 43.
—, — —, junction with greenstone, vi, 47.