Chapter VI.

Chapter VI.The poetical annals and traditions of the Haytians or Tainos of the Antilles,collected in 1498 byRoman &c.with additions byDangleriaand others, Notes, Remarks, and Ancient Tribes.Roman was a Jeromitan friar, come with Columbus, who began to convert the Haytians in 1496, and collected their traditions, after learning their language, out of theAreitosor songs and hymns used in festivals. He wrote them in 1498 by order of Columbus, and they are inserted at large in his life by his son; but were almost neglected by Irving. They give us not only an insight into the belief, religion, traditions of the Antillian people; but also a compendium of fragments on their annals. Although very desultory, much less connected than those of Mexico, the Linapis, Ongwis &c., and destitute of chronology; yet they afford an essential addition to American history, and the ancient accounts about the Atlantis and Antilles.In order to bring them into a kind of order, they shall be analyzed, reduced to a succession of events and divided into 3 parts, 1. Cosmogony and Theogony, 2. the flood and primitive history, 3. ancient[pg 163]history previous to Columbus or 1492. A fourth part foreign to these traditions would be their annals since that time, and till the extinction of the nation; which shall be given hereafter, with the account of the language, and civilization—What is peculiar to these traditions among the Americans, are the metamorphoses of men into beasts &c., as in Ovid.The nation who furnished these annals, was the Haytian of Hayti, a branch of the nation dwelling also in Cuba, and filling the Lucayes and smaller Antilles: whose collective proper name wasTainomeaning noble. But they acknowledged as brothers, many tribes of the continent under the collective name ofGuatiaosbrothers, this was ascertained in 1520 by Figueroa.—(See Herrera.) TheseGuatiaoswere the Aruac nations and tribes, that were not cannibals. These tribes as enumerated by Figueroa in 1520 were in the Antilles the 1. Haytians, 2. Cubans, 3. Jamaicans, 4. Boriquans (Porto Rico), 5. Cairis that dwelt in Trinidad, Barbuda, Marmagitas and Gianis Islands. While those of the continent were the 1. Aruacas of Guyana, 2. Paracurias of Cubagua, 3. Urinatos of Oronoc, 4. Pavonas of Cariaco, 5. Cariatis, 6. Cumanas, 7. Chiribichis, 8. Coquibocoa, 9. Unatos. These five last were intermixt with theCanibasorCaribas, the cannibal tribes, foes of theGuatiaos, which are the Galibis and Carib tribes; that had desolated[pg 164]and conquered most of the eastern Antilles.All the Tainos spoke the same language divided into several dialects; but understood reciprocally. D'Angleria tells us in 1512 that two distinct languages were used in Cuba, the eastern was a mere dialect of Hayti; but in the west was a very different language not understood; this was theCamiderived from theOlmecaof Oaxaca or theMayaof Yucatan; they having sent there a colony, and founded a kingdom.—(see the Maya History.) In Hayti there was also in the center of the island a kingdom of Mayas? the people were calledMayo-riexesorMacoryxes, (meaningMaya people). They spoke a language different from the Haytian (Dangleria) divided into 3 dialectsCayabo,Cubaba, andBaichagua. This kingdom of strangers was calledCubabaorCaibaba, andZiguayos. They are called Caribs by some authors; but erroneously.62Many other additional traditions on the Antilles are scattered in early writers, D'Angleria, Gomara, Herrera, Munoz, Acosta, St. Mery, Oviedo, Columbus, Brigstock, Rochefort, Edwards, Garcia, Laet, &c. which shall be partly noticed here as a sequel to Roman, and all connected as a general outline of a history of the Antillian nations.Having succeeded to make out a fine vocabulary of nearly three hundred words[pg 165]of the Taino dialects, collected from Roman, Columbus, Dangleria, Munoz, Las-Casas, Herrera, Gili, Humboldt, Vater &c.—and another of about 150 words of theCairiorEyerilanguage of the Aruac Islanders out of Dudley, Rochefort &c. I will be enabled to translate and elucidate nearly all the Taino historical names and allusions, so as to clear up the annals by original etymologies. The orthography will be Spanish, J must be pronounced as Kh, and X as Sh.The Haytians had besides these songs, other annals; since the priests taught history, and the origin of things to the sons of the nobles. They had also perhaps peculiar symbols to keep their records, since Dangleria mentions that they had paintings of beasts, tygers, eagles &c. on cotton, hung to walls. St. Mery says that in 1787 was found in the mountains of Guanaminto a tomb with a stone of 6 feet covered with hieroglyphs! and in the mountains of Limbé, engravings of human figures on a serpentine rock; besides many sculptures in Caves. Columbus saw in 1492 in Inagua one of Lucayes a gold medalwith letters on it! If we had figures of these hieroglyphs and engraved symbols, we should probably obtain another clue to American history and graphic systems. But they are probably lost by neglect like those of North America! The Antilles being on the way from the east to the continent must have[pg 166]served as a stepping place to many nations on their passage to the continent.631st Part.—Theogony and Cosmogony.1.Fact.The Supreme God, bears five names or titles given by Roman and Dangleria in two dialects, and is male or female.By RomanBy DangleriaMeanings1.AttabeiAttabeiraUnic-Being.2.JemaoMamonaEternal.3.Guacas or ApitoGuaca-rapitaInfinite.4.Apito or SiellaLiellaOmnipotent.5.ZuimacoGuimazoaInvisible.Roman calls it female, Dangleria a male God. The titles of this god are sufficient to indicate the supreme God of nature, and they have astonishing analogies with the primitive God of Asia and Europe, the Basks, Pelasgians, Atlantes, Guanches &c. The most common name was the first, in CubaAtabex. This and other great Gods were not sculptured in idols. The Chillians had similar names for the Supreme God.642.Fact.This God was father or mother of another great God dwelling in the sun with a double name, variable in the dialects.First Name.Second Name.By RomanIocahunaGuamaarocon.By DangleriaIocaunaGuamaonocon.In CubaYocahunaGuamaoxocoti.In JamaicaYocahuna——In BoriquenIacanaGuamanomocon.By OviedoIovanaGuamamona.VariationsIocavaghamaGuamochyna.[pg 167]The explication of these names is not given; but they are identic with the gods of the Cantabrians, and Guanches of Canary islands.—The first appears to be theJehovahandYaoof the Orientals, and is evidently theHunakuor Supreme God of theMayas. The second name meansLord of the World(Guama-ocon) and is a title.653.Event.This last God made the World, the HeavensTurei, and the Earth before the terrestrial sun and moon; also theZemisor angels, who are male and female lesser gods, worshipped in idols, and intercessors with the great gods. In the dialectsZemes,Chemes,Chemis.All the ancestors are since calledZemis: their worship was spread through America, under various names, and forms: as well as in the east. They are theShemayim(Heavenly) of the Hebrews.Shemsiaof the Pehlavis of Persia.Samana & Hamsaof the Hindus.Shamsof the Arabic.Esmun,Samanof the old Irish.Eshman(devil) of the Carthuls of Caucasus.Sumariof Thibet,Chumanof Tartary.Camus, a synonym of Magi of Persia.Shinof the Chinese.Zamzuminancient giants of Arabia.Chamin & Zaonesof Egypt.Chamaof the Phrygians.Chaminaof the Etruscans.[pg 168]Zeones & Zanimof the Ammonians.Zamones(blest) of the Lybians.Lemes,ZanesandAnnasof the Pelasgians.Chemin,Shemsho,NaemasandZamielof Aram or Syria and Phenicia.ChemarimPriests.Zin,KamiandKamonaof Japan and Yedzo.While in America we find theChemimof the Carib women.Tezminof the Mayas.Inamaof the Apalachis.Manitoof the Linapis.Camayosof the Peruvians.—Which are all identic in meaningAngels,Spiritsand their idols. This name changes elsewhere in sound: just likeEnzelin Teutonic, which has the import ofEl,Aones, andZemes, is root of ourAngelnow pronouncedEndjel. This oriental connection of ideas, names and worship, appears to be evident. They are not less inTureiheaven,Uran,Turanof the primitive nation &c.4th Event.Some of theseZemisbecame bad beings, and devilsTuyra, who send diseases, hurricanes (Furacan), earthquakes and thunders to desolate the earth and mankind.The names ofTuyrafor devil and evil has analogies throughout the earth. The most striking are[pg 169]Out of America.Zituraof Basks.Guiratiof Biscayans.Veturain Bali of Pallis.Tororuof Nukahiva island.Yaruaof the Berber Atlantes.Yurenaof the Guanches Atlantes.Daruj,Puyriof Zend.Turugof Celts.Tairiin Turkish.Tahyriof Tahiti.Fara,Waraof Japan.Taradaof the Papuas.UritiramSynonym of Shiva.Teripisof Oscans.Tyranosof Greeks.In America.Yaresof theTayronasthe Cyclops or forgers of Santa Marta.Suraof Poyays.Tziriof Poconchi.Huraqui,Suraof Apalachi.Tiviriof the Yaquis.Kiurasof the Powhatans.Tarahu, of the Tarahumaras.Prororuof Cumana, derived fromPregoneroanother subsequent devil of Hayti.By the change of R to L, we have theTulasand Atlantes of America.—See Taraguvaof 10th Event.5th Event.The good Zemis were appointed to make the earth and men, and to rule over both.Guabanzex, a female[pg 170]Zemis, made the air and water, and became the goddess of the ocean and winds.This will answer to the first period of the earth creation, when the water was above the land, and theRkioof Moses was divided. The name appears to meanthe windy.666th Event.The male ZemisJaia(Khaya, the earth) made the earth and islands; he is theAionof Sanchoniation. Every land and island is animated. The island of Hayti was a great animal like a turtle; the head and mouth was in the east, the west end of it was a long tail, calledGuaca-iarima(country of the Vent). The caves were the holes of the body, venerated and used afterwards as temples and tombs.This notion, and comparison of islands with turtles, recalls to mind the primitive turtle land of the Chinese, Hindus, Linapis &c.JaiaorKayafor land has affinities all over the world and is a primitive word.677th Event.Jaiaafterwards had a son, who was calledJaia-El,Higuera, orHibueraearth-son gourd.This first man like Adam is son of the earth, and an EL or Angel,Elohimof the orientals; it means in Haytian, son, offspring, family and tribe. It will often recur in subsequent history, in the singular for the plural. The plurals wereEli,Ili,guaili.—Guais only the articleThis or Such.68[pg 171]8th Event.The sun and moon calledBoiniaelandMaroioby Roman; butBinthaitelandMarohuby Dangleria and Ovieda, come out of the caveJovovava: they are Zemis and foes of mankind. A cave with the same name was their temple in Hayti. Dangleria calls itIovana-boinaJove Solar.The exact time of this appearance is doubtful, and there appears to be two blended events, one of cosmogony alluding to the sun being long obscured by the primitive misty atmosphere, another historical alluding to the solar and lunar dynasties of Asia or America. The meaning ofJovo-vavaorKovo-vavais cave of fathers, both primitive names. The solar and lunar names have many analogies elsewhere, among which the chief areNames of the Sun.Oin,Oeinof Arabs and Ethiopia.Oboh,Baion, old Egyptian.Baon,Oanof Assyrians.Ianof the Etruscans.Belenof the Gauls.Bunof the Zend.Abolionof the Pelasgians.Abloinof the Thessalians.Ntiéléof the Illyrians.Bianof the Ausonians.Anactesof the Mysians.Names of the Moon.Yarhoof the Syrians.Aohriof the Tibus.[pg 172]Warhaof the Ethiopians.Cararaof the Etruscans.Teoroof the Betoys, S. A.Herihoof Canaan.Humuriof Old Arabic.Matuaréof Carthul, Caucasus.Maracaof Guaramis, S. A.Maramaof Polynesia.Kamarin Maroco.Kamariain Pehlvi.Gumarain Nubian.Most of these synonyms and analogies are found in the most ancient languages: to which may be added that in the ancient Haikan language of Armenia, the sun and moon were calledNoah!andMorante, names also of Noah and his wife.9th Event.The female Zemis,Coatris-quiamakes the springs and streams to flow over the earth, and became their goddess.This is another period of oriental cosmogony, that of the irruption of subterranean waters and rain, which in the bible is posterior to Adam. The name of the Zemis is of doubtful meaning, probablyCoatris-quia, hollow-quite.CoaorCuawas the name of ancient hollow temples all over America.Quiais found inQuisqueiaoldest name of Hayti or thegreat(land)universal.10th Event.Taragava-elandCorocoraorEpileguanita, two male Zemis of the woods and hunters, made the trees and beasts. This includes probably two events anterior to the men, unless they be men.[pg 173]The meanings of these Zemis which might guide us, are quite doubtful.TaraguvaresemblesTuyraand alsoTureiheaven; butEpileguanitawas probably the ancient god of theCaracolor Beastly-men, since it was represented by a beast or quadruped; while all the other Zemis as men and women.Ili-guanitawould mean in Haytianchildren of the people. Therefore I presume that these are personifications of the ancient hunters, or men of the woods with the beastly and savage men of early times. Roman calls the secondCorocore, synonyme ofCaracara.Part II.Antidiluvian History and Flood.11th Event.Jaia-Elrebels against his fatherJaiaand wants to kill him; a warfare, in whichJaia-Elis killed by his father, who puts his bones into a gourd.Higuera, orHibuera, and people the land of that name.This refers to the fall of man and the wars of the Titans. The name for bones is omitted, it would perhaps afford another clue. Many American nations venerate and animate bones. Dangleria says, thatJaiapeopled all the islands of the sea with these bones.12th Event.Jaiabeing childless marriesItiba-Jatuvavafrom whom he has 4 twin sons calledDimivan, who became afterwardsCara-cara-colsor the great Cara-cols, the great beastly beings; but their mother dies at their birth.[pg 174]Itibameans woman ancient and alludes perhaps toThibet, refuge, or land of Noah. (I, is the articlethe).Jatuvavaperhaps Japhet-father, but in AruacKati-uiuameans the moon heavenly. The name ofDimivanis remarkable, being identic with theDemavendsor antidiluvians of Persia, calledDawandin the Zendavesta, theDemoior old people of the Pelasgians, theDemonsof many nations. TheCarasandColsare found all over America and Asia.6913th Event.Ahiacavo(grand father) orBaia-manicoelan ancestor of theDimivan, forms the nation ofCon-El, atBasamanaco, and invents agriculture, with the art of making cakes and bread.The Dimivan acknowledge him as grandfather of mankind.Con-Elis certainly a personification, meaning the sons or Elohim ofCon, who is the primitive Lybian Hercules KON or KHON; and is found in Peruvian history as the first legislator of Peru. The XONS orConeswere the oldest people of Spain and Italy, same asXâonesof Greece. Their god was XON orKonah.Basamanacois inexplicable unless it alludes to the primitive antidiluvianManacoorMancoof Peru.Bais dwelling,Samanaan island near Hayti.14th Event.The four brothersDimivanmeeting a muteConel, making bread, ask him for some; but he only gives them insteadCogiobaorCohibawhich is tobacco: this happened at the door of Basamanaco.[pg 175]This fable indicates an intercourse of the Dimivans and theConelswhich are probably a branch of the Atlantes or Lybians.15th Event.This refusal of bread was the cause of a quarrel and war, in whichConelkills or destroys one of the brothers or tribes ofDimivan Caracol, but a turtleHicoteacame out of his body, or an island thus called, as Hayti was. ThisConelconqueror wasBaia-mani-coel, whose name meansFather of food celestial; butBayais also the ocean.This indicates a great war, and probably alludes to that of the Atlantes.7016th Event.TheDimivans, probably in revenge, broke the gourd ofJaiael(Khayahel); but a flood of waters issue from it and drowns the land.This deluge is calledNiquen: there is no indication in Roman of the men who were destroyed, nor who were saved and how; but in Cuba was found a more ample tradition of the flood as follows.17th Event.Three Behiques or priests who come to Cuba later, taught them that the flood had been general, had broken the land; and that a good man had been saved in a big boat with his family. That many animals were also in the boat, a vulture and dove are mentioned.Herrera and others relate this, but in different words, and without native names. Some have supposed this account made out by the Spanish priests; but it appears[pg 176]to refer to a tradition brought by the Olmecas or Mayas in Cuba, being very similar to the Mexican accounts.18th Event.Another subsequent flood although omitted by Roman, is alluded to by others, Garcia says that Hayti and Cuba were then cut asunder and separated from Yucatan. Dangleria says that the islands Lucayas that then joined to the great islands, were divided by irruptions of the sea. It is the second flood of Peleg, which in the Antilles broke the islands by volcanic explosions. It is impossible to say what events of the next period, may belong to the interval between the two floods; but probably some of them. All these antidiluvian events appear to belong to a different country than the Antilles, which did not even then exist, at least in their actual state, and may properly be referred to the island Atlantis or the eastern hemisphere. It was at this last cataclysm that the Antilles assumed their actual shape and number.Part III.—Ancient History.19th Event.After the floods the men dwelt in caves on the mountainCautain the land ofCaanauorCaunanaorCaona.The mountains ofCautamust have been the refuge of men at one of the floods: they answer probably to theCutaof the Hindus, name given to many rocky lands and capes besides mountains. TheCeutamountain of Africa south of Gibraltar, was one of them, also calledAbylafrom theCabyles[pg 177]or Nomadic Berbers. Dangleria states a tradition that men were created on that mountain.Cautaalthough unexplained is identic withIcotaturtle,Ca-utaland raised.Caonameans golden.The landCaanauof Roman,Caunanaof Dangleria, has been mistaken for the land ofCanaanby some writers: others deem it Florida. Both are wrong. The Haytians did not come from North America; but may have sent colonies there. They came from the east, South America and Africa, or the Atlantis. The name means land of Noah? (Caa-Nau,Cau-Nana).Cauniawas the ancient name of Asia Minor and Caria, the first Carians were Caunians, a Pelagian tribe which expelled by the Leleges, settled the Grecian islands, and Lybia part of which was calledCaani. TheAnakimof Syria giants dwelt inCa-anak. TheKhaoniwere the ancestors of Epirians and Illyrians.Cauniwas a mauritanian tribe.20th Event.The sun and moon are two great Zemis calledBinthaitel(sun divine) and his wifeMarohu(moon), come out of the caveIovana-boina(Jehovah-Solar), and rule the world, establishing the solar and lunar dynasties.This historical event must be distinguished from the 8th. This refers to the solar dynasties of Asia and Africa. It must be noticed that similar places were often shown in Hayti, as the same names[pg 178]had been applied by the subsequent settlers, even when the event had happened elsewhere. In this case, these solar caves were temples in Hayti, where the figures of the sun and moon were worshipped, and prayed to for rain; but Herrera says they had their hands bound, which indicates a conquest. Pilgrims went to those caves, from all parts of Hayti. It was in the land of the kingMauziation-El(Roman) orMachiunech(Dangleria); but whether these were former dynasties and kings or late rulers, is difficult to ascertain.21st Event.Maroco-El(lunar son) calledMachocha-Elby Dangleria, held the sway over men, who were still in Cauta and Caanau, and kept them confined to the caves.This indicates a lunar dominion over mankind somewhere, and a state of confinement: Perhaps in South America; in Peru caves are also the first dwellings of mankind.22d Event.The men were divided into double tribes or two nations, the principal or largest and of best men was calledCazibagiaga—R.Cazibaxagua—D. (Royal Xagua) and the smallerAmaianaba—R.Amayauna—D. (Mayas?), ruled by Cazics for kings.We have here two nations well indicated. The first theGiagaorShaguas, indicate the Lunar tribe, theChiaof the Muyzcas, and other South American tribesAchaguasof Oronoc, theChaguaysorChangasof[pg 179]Peru,AgachesorAgaizor Paraguay; but above all theCachaorXauxaantidiluvian people of Peru. While in the second we trace again the Amazons or Atlantes, one of their main African tribes being theAmantesof Solin, another theBaniabasof Ptolemy, both in Lybia. In America the progeny is found in theMayasof Yucatan, theMaynasof East Peru, theMamayantof Brazil, the Mbayas of Chaco &c.The important name of Cazic for kings begins to appear: it is evidently oriental, and its affinities will be shown in a note.71It is akin also toKachisun, in the Eyeri dialect: theWashilof the Nachez.23d Event.Machocha-Elwas set by the sun to watch the caves, and many inhabitants of the caves were killed by the sun, if they came out in the day time; they could only come out at night to seek for food. (Dangleria)This either alludes to the great heat of the sun in Africa and the tropics, or to a dependance of the Lunar or Cave men upon the Solar men.Machochahas some affinities in the South American tribes;Machicuysof Tucumen,Machacalisof Brazil,Chaehasof Perou,Chanchonesof Quixos &c.24th Event.Some men having dared to come in the day time, were changed into stones by the sun; (Zibais stone): alsoMachokaelfor allowing it.This fable may allude to a war, between[pg 180]theZibasstony or strong men and the solar tribes. TheseZibaswere probably theZipasor princes of the Muyzcas. In Perou there is also a fable of men changed to stones at the primitive city of Tiahuanaco, which merely means a war and change of dominion. The name ofZibafor stone is primitive.—See the Note for affinities.7225th Event.Another set of men, going to the shores to fish, were changed intoJoboses(myrobolan or plumb trees) by the sun.This metamorphose is peculiar to these fables: although the Mexicans called the Olmecas, fruit-people or Zapotecas. The analogies ofJobosorKobosare found inCoybaof Darien, Cuba orCoaiba, theMocobisof Chaco &c. Another war is probably meant by this, and theJobosare a people. Have they any reference with theJubasof Mauritania? who formed a divine and royal dynasty there.Jubawas also the Jove or God of the Lybians. Several nations of Central and Mexican America had trees for emblems.26th Event.The dynasty ofGionaorHi-Aunabegins to rule over the men of Caziba or royal caves in Cauta.This family of rulers or Cazics became famous afterwards as we shall see, as leaders of tribes to America. We can easily perceive here the ancient Pelagian tribes ofIoniaandAones.Hi-Aunameans[pg 181]the-Aones. It was this dynasty or people that sent colonies to America: Oviedo says this happened in the time of Hesper 12th king of Spain, about 750 years after the flood, or 1658 years B. C. He deems the settlers Hesperians or Cantabrians. The root isOnasolar name of Lybians.27th Event.Vagonianaa ruler of theHi-Auna, went fishing from the cave, and became a bird or nightingale; who crossed the sea, and settled the islandMathinino(Martinico) with a people of women.Dangleria. His wife in the sea gives him two sons which became jewelsZibaandGuaninmarble and metal.This is a positive voyage over the Atlantic. Whenever we meet tribes of birds, in ancient history, they always mean travellers and colonies, and often passage over the sea in sailing boats, compared to birds. The first ships of the Scandinavians and Europeans seen in North America, were called birds by the natives. V and B interchange in the Haytian language as in Greek;Va-gon-iana, thus meansFather-Solar-Iana. His people are called women, because unwarlike fishermen, or the Amazon tribe. Martinico was the first island settled by them: it bears the name ofMatininoin Roman, and was thus called yet in 1492, Garcia mentions the 2 sons and jewels.7328th Event.Guagu-gionaking of Caziba, sentJadruvabaout of the caves, to collect[pg 182]the holy herbDigoin order to purify and wash the body; but he was changed by the sun into a singing birdGiahuba-Bogiael(the-singer bird-divine), and never returns.We have here a second voyage by sea in a bird, and a contention with a solar people, caused by a trading voyage to procure some American commodity: Indigo probably which is identic withDigo.Jadru-vabaor the father ofKhadru, must be a new colonist.Khadruhas hardly any analogies in America; butGiahubain which he was changed has some. It appears analagous with theYaoyandShebaoytwoAruactribes of Guyana, and thusKhadrumight be theAruacthemselves; same nation with the Haytians once, as the languages prove; although extending to Tucuman and Patagonia. The name ofAruacorAruagaswas inexplicable: it may refer to this origin, or to theRocouthe red paint used by them. ButAruacmay also meanAluac; akin to theLabuyuof the Caribs their vassals, and theAluezvassals of the Nachez nation. Could they derive from the ALE angels of the east; here reduced to servitude by foes?29th Event.Guagu-Gionairritated that Jadru-vaba does not return, leaves the cave ofCazibain search of him, and went with men and women to the island Matinino, where the women were left, while the men went to the land ofGuanin.This is the third passage of the Atlantic,[pg 183]unless that ofVagonianaonly mentioned by Dangleria and Garcia be the same; but they are likely to be successive tribes of Ionas. That all the women should be left in Martinico is a fable, meaning that the weakest or fishing tribes settled there or in the islands; while the warriors went to the American continent, calledGuanin, which has several meanings, land of Guanas or lizard men, or land of metals. It became afterwards the name of a peculiar metal formed by the natural or artificial amalgam of 18 parts gold, 6 silver, and 8 copper: and a tribe assumed the name.GuanaorGuanoswas the name of a large nation of South America; perhaps come from theGuansof the Canary islands; but slightly related to the Aruacs by the languages: yet perhaps akin: it was spread east of the Andes, between the two tropics.7430th Event.The children were left behind, because afraid to cross, and were crying after their mothers; but became changed intoTonaor opossums. Garcia says intoToaor frogs.There are no opossums in Hayti nor the small islands, nor in Africa. But they are plenty in South America, where the notion must have sprung. This fable and metamorphosis may imply a hidden meaning. The opossums are the only animals bearing their young in a pouch, as ships bear men. Could not this indicate other ships without sails, and thus no longer birds with wings?[pg 184]TON is a remarkable word, since it is the root ofNei-tonthe Lybian neptunes or navigators. The twin TUN are the holy ancestors of the Chilians,Tona-ca(flesh our) is the ancestor or Adam of some Mexican nations. The frogs were the emblem of the Muyzcas!31st Event.Guabonitoa woman followsGuaga-Gionato the bigland ofGuaninby swimming. He is well pleased with it, and calls her his ownBiberozi(wife-loving): but as she was diseased he puts her apart in aGuanara, where she heals, and he makes her queen.

The poetical annals and traditions of the Haytians or Tainos of the Antilles,collected in 1498 byRoman &c.with additions byDangleriaand others, Notes, Remarks, and Ancient Tribes.

Roman was a Jeromitan friar, come with Columbus, who began to convert the Haytians in 1496, and collected their traditions, after learning their language, out of theAreitosor songs and hymns used in festivals. He wrote them in 1498 by order of Columbus, and they are inserted at large in his life by his son; but were almost neglected by Irving. They give us not only an insight into the belief, religion, traditions of the Antillian people; but also a compendium of fragments on their annals. Although very desultory, much less connected than those of Mexico, the Linapis, Ongwis &c., and destitute of chronology; yet they afford an essential addition to American history, and the ancient accounts about the Atlantis and Antilles.

In order to bring them into a kind of order, they shall be analyzed, reduced to a succession of events and divided into 3 parts, 1. Cosmogony and Theogony, 2. the flood and primitive history, 3. ancient[pg 163]history previous to Columbus or 1492. A fourth part foreign to these traditions would be their annals since that time, and till the extinction of the nation; which shall be given hereafter, with the account of the language, and civilization—What is peculiar to these traditions among the Americans, are the metamorphoses of men into beasts &c., as in Ovid.

The nation who furnished these annals, was the Haytian of Hayti, a branch of the nation dwelling also in Cuba, and filling the Lucayes and smaller Antilles: whose collective proper name wasTainomeaning noble. But they acknowledged as brothers, many tribes of the continent under the collective name ofGuatiaosbrothers, this was ascertained in 1520 by Figueroa.—(See Herrera.) TheseGuatiaoswere the Aruac nations and tribes, that were not cannibals. These tribes as enumerated by Figueroa in 1520 were in the Antilles the 1. Haytians, 2. Cubans, 3. Jamaicans, 4. Boriquans (Porto Rico), 5. Cairis that dwelt in Trinidad, Barbuda, Marmagitas and Gianis Islands. While those of the continent were the 1. Aruacas of Guyana, 2. Paracurias of Cubagua, 3. Urinatos of Oronoc, 4. Pavonas of Cariaco, 5. Cariatis, 6. Cumanas, 7. Chiribichis, 8. Coquibocoa, 9. Unatos. These five last were intermixt with theCanibasorCaribas, the cannibal tribes, foes of theGuatiaos, which are the Galibis and Carib tribes; that had desolated[pg 164]and conquered most of the eastern Antilles.

All the Tainos spoke the same language divided into several dialects; but understood reciprocally. D'Angleria tells us in 1512 that two distinct languages were used in Cuba, the eastern was a mere dialect of Hayti; but in the west was a very different language not understood; this was theCamiderived from theOlmecaof Oaxaca or theMayaof Yucatan; they having sent there a colony, and founded a kingdom.—(see the Maya History.) In Hayti there was also in the center of the island a kingdom of Mayas? the people were calledMayo-riexesorMacoryxes, (meaningMaya people). They spoke a language different from the Haytian (Dangleria) divided into 3 dialectsCayabo,Cubaba, andBaichagua. This kingdom of strangers was calledCubabaorCaibaba, andZiguayos. They are called Caribs by some authors; but erroneously.62

Many other additional traditions on the Antilles are scattered in early writers, D'Angleria, Gomara, Herrera, Munoz, Acosta, St. Mery, Oviedo, Columbus, Brigstock, Rochefort, Edwards, Garcia, Laet, &c. which shall be partly noticed here as a sequel to Roman, and all connected as a general outline of a history of the Antillian nations.

Having succeeded to make out a fine vocabulary of nearly three hundred words[pg 165]of the Taino dialects, collected from Roman, Columbus, Dangleria, Munoz, Las-Casas, Herrera, Gili, Humboldt, Vater &c.—and another of about 150 words of theCairiorEyerilanguage of the Aruac Islanders out of Dudley, Rochefort &c. I will be enabled to translate and elucidate nearly all the Taino historical names and allusions, so as to clear up the annals by original etymologies. The orthography will be Spanish, J must be pronounced as Kh, and X as Sh.

The Haytians had besides these songs, other annals; since the priests taught history, and the origin of things to the sons of the nobles. They had also perhaps peculiar symbols to keep their records, since Dangleria mentions that they had paintings of beasts, tygers, eagles &c. on cotton, hung to walls. St. Mery says that in 1787 was found in the mountains of Guanaminto a tomb with a stone of 6 feet covered with hieroglyphs! and in the mountains of Limbé, engravings of human figures on a serpentine rock; besides many sculptures in Caves. Columbus saw in 1492 in Inagua one of Lucayes a gold medalwith letters on it! If we had figures of these hieroglyphs and engraved symbols, we should probably obtain another clue to American history and graphic systems. But they are probably lost by neglect like those of North America! The Antilles being on the way from the east to the continent must have[pg 166]served as a stepping place to many nations on their passage to the continent.63

1st Part.—Theogony and Cosmogony.

1.Fact.The Supreme God, bears five names or titles given by Roman and Dangleria in two dialects, and is male or female.

Roman calls it female, Dangleria a male God. The titles of this god are sufficient to indicate the supreme God of nature, and they have astonishing analogies with the primitive God of Asia and Europe, the Basks, Pelasgians, Atlantes, Guanches &c. The most common name was the first, in CubaAtabex. This and other great Gods were not sculptured in idols. The Chillians had similar names for the Supreme God.64

2.Fact.This God was father or mother of another great God dwelling in the sun with a double name, variable in the dialects.

The explication of these names is not given; but they are identic with the gods of the Cantabrians, and Guanches of Canary islands.—The first appears to be theJehovahandYaoof the Orientals, and is evidently theHunakuor Supreme God of theMayas. The second name meansLord of the World(Guama-ocon) and is a title.65

3.Event.This last God made the World, the HeavensTurei, and the Earth before the terrestrial sun and moon; also theZemisor angels, who are male and female lesser gods, worshipped in idols, and intercessors with the great gods. In the dialectsZemes,Chemes,Chemis.

All the ancestors are since calledZemis: their worship was spread through America, under various names, and forms: as well as in the east. They are the

Shemayim(Heavenly) of the Hebrews.Shemsiaof the Pehlavis of Persia.Samana & Hamsaof the Hindus.Shamsof the Arabic.Esmun,Samanof the old Irish.Eshman(devil) of the Carthuls of Caucasus.Sumariof Thibet,Chumanof Tartary.Camus, a synonym of Magi of Persia.Shinof the Chinese.Zamzuminancient giants of Arabia.Chamin & Zaonesof Egypt.Chamaof the Phrygians.Chaminaof the Etruscans.[pg 168]Zeones & Zanimof the Ammonians.Zamones(blest) of the Lybians.Lemes,ZanesandAnnasof the Pelasgians.Chemin,Shemsho,NaemasandZamielof Aram or Syria and Phenicia.ChemarimPriests.Zin,KamiandKamonaof Japan and Yedzo.

Shemayim(Heavenly) of the Hebrews.

Shemsiaof the Pehlavis of Persia.

Samana & Hamsaof the Hindus.

Shamsof the Arabic.

Esmun,Samanof the old Irish.

Eshman(devil) of the Carthuls of Caucasus.

Sumariof Thibet,Chumanof Tartary.

Camus, a synonym of Magi of Persia.

Shinof the Chinese.

Zamzuminancient giants of Arabia.

Chamin & Zaonesof Egypt.

Chamaof the Phrygians.

Chaminaof the Etruscans.

Zeones & Zanimof the Ammonians.

Zamones(blest) of the Lybians.

Lemes,ZanesandAnnasof the Pelasgians.

Chemin,Shemsho,NaemasandZamielof Aram or Syria and Phenicia.ChemarimPriests.

Zin,KamiandKamonaof Japan and Yedzo.

While in America we find theChemimof the Carib women.

Tezminof the Mayas.Inamaof the Apalachis.Manitoof the Linapis.

Tezminof the Mayas.

Inamaof the Apalachis.

Manitoof the Linapis.

Camayosof the Peruvians.—Which are all identic in meaningAngels,Spiritsand their idols. This name changes elsewhere in sound: just likeEnzelin Teutonic, which has the import ofEl,Aones, andZemes, is root of ourAngelnow pronouncedEndjel. This oriental connection of ideas, names and worship, appears to be evident. They are not less inTureiheaven,Uran,Turanof the primitive nation &c.

4th Event.Some of theseZemisbecame bad beings, and devilsTuyra, who send diseases, hurricanes (Furacan), earthquakes and thunders to desolate the earth and mankind.

The names ofTuyrafor devil and evil has analogies throughout the earth. The most striking are

Out of America.

Zituraof Basks.Guiratiof Biscayans.Veturain Bali of Pallis.Tororuof Nukahiva island.Yaruaof the Berber Atlantes.Yurenaof the Guanches Atlantes.Daruj,Puyriof Zend.Turugof Celts.Tairiin Turkish.Tahyriof Tahiti.Fara,Waraof Japan.Taradaof the Papuas.UritiramSynonym of Shiva.Teripisof Oscans.Tyranosof Greeks.

Zituraof Basks.

Guiratiof Biscayans.

Veturain Bali of Pallis.

Tororuof Nukahiva island.

Yaruaof the Berber Atlantes.

Yurenaof the Guanches Atlantes.

Daruj,Puyriof Zend.

Turugof Celts.

Tairiin Turkish.

Tahyriof Tahiti.

Fara,Waraof Japan.

Taradaof the Papuas.

UritiramSynonym of Shiva.

Teripisof Oscans.

Tyranosof Greeks.

In America.

Yaresof theTayronasthe Cyclops or forgers of Santa Marta.Suraof Poyays.Tziriof Poconchi.Huraqui,Suraof Apalachi.Tiviriof the Yaquis.Kiurasof the Powhatans.Tarahu, of the Tarahumaras.Prororuof Cumana, derived fromPregoneroanother subsequent devil of Hayti.

Yaresof theTayronasthe Cyclops or forgers of Santa Marta.

Suraof Poyays.

Tziriof Poconchi.

Huraqui,Suraof Apalachi.

Tiviriof the Yaquis.

Kiurasof the Powhatans.

Tarahu, of the Tarahumaras.

Prororuof Cumana, derived fromPregoneroanother subsequent devil of Hayti.

By the change of R to L, we have theTulasand Atlantes of America.—See Taraguvaof 10th Event.

5th Event.The good Zemis were appointed to make the earth and men, and to rule over both.Guabanzex, a female[pg 170]Zemis, made the air and water, and became the goddess of the ocean and winds.

This will answer to the first period of the earth creation, when the water was above the land, and theRkioof Moses was divided. The name appears to meanthe windy.66

6th Event.The male ZemisJaia(Khaya, the earth) made the earth and islands; he is theAionof Sanchoniation. Every land and island is animated. The island of Hayti was a great animal like a turtle; the head and mouth was in the east, the west end of it was a long tail, calledGuaca-iarima(country of the Vent). The caves were the holes of the body, venerated and used afterwards as temples and tombs.

This notion, and comparison of islands with turtles, recalls to mind the primitive turtle land of the Chinese, Hindus, Linapis &c.JaiaorKayafor land has affinities all over the world and is a primitive word.67

7th Event.Jaiaafterwards had a son, who was calledJaia-El,Higuera, orHibueraearth-son gourd.

This first man like Adam is son of the earth, and an EL or Angel,Elohimof the orientals; it means in Haytian, son, offspring, family and tribe. It will often recur in subsequent history, in the singular for the plural. The plurals wereEli,Ili,guaili.—Guais only the articleThis or Such.68

8th Event.The sun and moon calledBoiniaelandMaroioby Roman; butBinthaitelandMarohuby Dangleria and Ovieda, come out of the caveJovovava: they are Zemis and foes of mankind. A cave with the same name was their temple in Hayti. Dangleria calls itIovana-boinaJove Solar.

The exact time of this appearance is doubtful, and there appears to be two blended events, one of cosmogony alluding to the sun being long obscured by the primitive misty atmosphere, another historical alluding to the solar and lunar dynasties of Asia or America. The meaning ofJovo-vavaorKovo-vavais cave of fathers, both primitive names. The solar and lunar names have many analogies elsewhere, among which the chief are

Names of the Sun.

Oin,Oeinof Arabs and Ethiopia.Oboh,Baion, old Egyptian.Baon,Oanof Assyrians.Ianof the Etruscans.Belenof the Gauls.Bunof the Zend.Abolionof the Pelasgians.Abloinof the Thessalians.Ntiéléof the Illyrians.Bianof the Ausonians.Anactesof the Mysians.

Oin,Oeinof Arabs and Ethiopia.

Oboh,Baion, old Egyptian.

Baon,Oanof Assyrians.

Ianof the Etruscans.

Belenof the Gauls.

Bunof the Zend.

Abolionof the Pelasgians.

Abloinof the Thessalians.

Ntiéléof the Illyrians.

Bianof the Ausonians.

Anactesof the Mysians.

Names of the Moon.

Yarhoof the Syrians.Aohriof the Tibus.

Yarhoof the Syrians.

Aohriof the Tibus.

Warhaof the Ethiopians.Cararaof the Etruscans.Teoroof the Betoys, S. A.Herihoof Canaan.Humuriof Old Arabic.Matuaréof Carthul, Caucasus.Maracaof Guaramis, S. A.Maramaof Polynesia.Kamarin Maroco.Kamariain Pehlvi.Gumarain Nubian.

Warhaof the Ethiopians.

Cararaof the Etruscans.

Teoroof the Betoys, S. A.

Herihoof Canaan.

Humuriof Old Arabic.

Matuaréof Carthul, Caucasus.

Maracaof Guaramis, S. A.

Maramaof Polynesia.

Kamarin Maroco.

Kamariain Pehlvi.

Gumarain Nubian.

Most of these synonyms and analogies are found in the most ancient languages: to which may be added that in the ancient Haikan language of Armenia, the sun and moon were calledNoah!andMorante, names also of Noah and his wife.

9th Event.The female Zemis,Coatris-quiamakes the springs and streams to flow over the earth, and became their goddess.

This is another period of oriental cosmogony, that of the irruption of subterranean waters and rain, which in the bible is posterior to Adam. The name of the Zemis is of doubtful meaning, probablyCoatris-quia, hollow-quite.CoaorCuawas the name of ancient hollow temples all over America.Quiais found inQuisqueiaoldest name of Hayti or thegreat(land)universal.

10th Event.Taragava-elandCorocoraorEpileguanita, two male Zemis of the woods and hunters, made the trees and beasts. This includes probably two events anterior to the men, unless they be men.

The meanings of these Zemis which might guide us, are quite doubtful.TaraguvaresemblesTuyraand alsoTureiheaven; butEpileguanitawas probably the ancient god of theCaracolor Beastly-men, since it was represented by a beast or quadruped; while all the other Zemis as men and women.Ili-guanitawould mean in Haytianchildren of the people. Therefore I presume that these are personifications of the ancient hunters, or men of the woods with the beastly and savage men of early times. Roman calls the secondCorocore, synonyme ofCaracara.

Part II.Antidiluvian History and Flood.

11th Event.Jaia-Elrebels against his fatherJaiaand wants to kill him; a warfare, in whichJaia-Elis killed by his father, who puts his bones into a gourd.Higuera, orHibuera, and people the land of that name.

This refers to the fall of man and the wars of the Titans. The name for bones is omitted, it would perhaps afford another clue. Many American nations venerate and animate bones. Dangleria says, thatJaiapeopled all the islands of the sea with these bones.

12th Event.Jaiabeing childless marriesItiba-Jatuvavafrom whom he has 4 twin sons calledDimivan, who became afterwardsCara-cara-colsor the great Cara-cols, the great beastly beings; but their mother dies at their birth.

Itibameans woman ancient and alludes perhaps toThibet, refuge, or land of Noah. (I, is the articlethe).Jatuvavaperhaps Japhet-father, but in AruacKati-uiuameans the moon heavenly. The name ofDimivanis remarkable, being identic with theDemavendsor antidiluvians of Persia, calledDawandin the Zendavesta, theDemoior old people of the Pelasgians, theDemonsof many nations. TheCarasandColsare found all over America and Asia.69

13th Event.Ahiacavo(grand father) orBaia-manicoelan ancestor of theDimivan, forms the nation ofCon-El, atBasamanaco, and invents agriculture, with the art of making cakes and bread.

The Dimivan acknowledge him as grandfather of mankind.Con-Elis certainly a personification, meaning the sons or Elohim ofCon, who is the primitive Lybian Hercules KON or KHON; and is found in Peruvian history as the first legislator of Peru. The XONS orConeswere the oldest people of Spain and Italy, same asXâonesof Greece. Their god was XON orKonah.Basamanacois inexplicable unless it alludes to the primitive antidiluvianManacoorMancoof Peru.Bais dwelling,Samanaan island near Hayti.

14th Event.The four brothersDimivanmeeting a muteConel, making bread, ask him for some; but he only gives them insteadCogiobaorCohibawhich is tobacco: this happened at the door of Basamanaco.[pg 175]This fable indicates an intercourse of the Dimivans and theConelswhich are probably a branch of the Atlantes or Lybians.

15th Event.This refusal of bread was the cause of a quarrel and war, in whichConelkills or destroys one of the brothers or tribes ofDimivan Caracol, but a turtleHicoteacame out of his body, or an island thus called, as Hayti was. ThisConelconqueror wasBaia-mani-coel, whose name meansFather of food celestial; butBayais also the ocean.

This indicates a great war, and probably alludes to that of the Atlantes.70

16th Event.TheDimivans, probably in revenge, broke the gourd ofJaiael(Khayahel); but a flood of waters issue from it and drowns the land.

This deluge is calledNiquen: there is no indication in Roman of the men who were destroyed, nor who were saved and how; but in Cuba was found a more ample tradition of the flood as follows.

17th Event.Three Behiques or priests who come to Cuba later, taught them that the flood had been general, had broken the land; and that a good man had been saved in a big boat with his family. That many animals were also in the boat, a vulture and dove are mentioned.

Herrera and others relate this, but in different words, and without native names. Some have supposed this account made out by the Spanish priests; but it appears[pg 176]to refer to a tradition brought by the Olmecas or Mayas in Cuba, being very similar to the Mexican accounts.

18th Event.Another subsequent flood although omitted by Roman, is alluded to by others, Garcia says that Hayti and Cuba were then cut asunder and separated from Yucatan. Dangleria says that the islands Lucayas that then joined to the great islands, were divided by irruptions of the sea. It is the second flood of Peleg, which in the Antilles broke the islands by volcanic explosions. It is impossible to say what events of the next period, may belong to the interval between the two floods; but probably some of them. All these antidiluvian events appear to belong to a different country than the Antilles, which did not even then exist, at least in their actual state, and may properly be referred to the island Atlantis or the eastern hemisphere. It was at this last cataclysm that the Antilles assumed their actual shape and number.

Part III.—Ancient History.

19th Event.After the floods the men dwelt in caves on the mountainCautain the land ofCaanauorCaunanaorCaona.

The mountains ofCautamust have been the refuge of men at one of the floods: they answer probably to theCutaof the Hindus, name given to many rocky lands and capes besides mountains. TheCeutamountain of Africa south of Gibraltar, was one of them, also calledAbylafrom theCabyles[pg 177]or Nomadic Berbers. Dangleria states a tradition that men were created on that mountain.Cautaalthough unexplained is identic withIcotaturtle,Ca-utaland raised.Caonameans golden.

The landCaanauof Roman,Caunanaof Dangleria, has been mistaken for the land ofCanaanby some writers: others deem it Florida. Both are wrong. The Haytians did not come from North America; but may have sent colonies there. They came from the east, South America and Africa, or the Atlantis. The name means land of Noah? (Caa-Nau,Cau-Nana).Cauniawas the ancient name of Asia Minor and Caria, the first Carians were Caunians, a Pelagian tribe which expelled by the Leleges, settled the Grecian islands, and Lybia part of which was calledCaani. TheAnakimof Syria giants dwelt inCa-anak. TheKhaoniwere the ancestors of Epirians and Illyrians.Cauniwas a mauritanian tribe.

20th Event.The sun and moon are two great Zemis calledBinthaitel(sun divine) and his wifeMarohu(moon), come out of the caveIovana-boina(Jehovah-Solar), and rule the world, establishing the solar and lunar dynasties.

This historical event must be distinguished from the 8th. This refers to the solar dynasties of Asia and Africa. It must be noticed that similar places were often shown in Hayti, as the same names[pg 178]had been applied by the subsequent settlers, even when the event had happened elsewhere. In this case, these solar caves were temples in Hayti, where the figures of the sun and moon were worshipped, and prayed to for rain; but Herrera says they had their hands bound, which indicates a conquest. Pilgrims went to those caves, from all parts of Hayti. It was in the land of the kingMauziation-El(Roman) orMachiunech(Dangleria); but whether these were former dynasties and kings or late rulers, is difficult to ascertain.

21st Event.Maroco-El(lunar son) calledMachocha-Elby Dangleria, held the sway over men, who were still in Cauta and Caanau, and kept them confined to the caves.

This indicates a lunar dominion over mankind somewhere, and a state of confinement: Perhaps in South America; in Peru caves are also the first dwellings of mankind.

22d Event.The men were divided into double tribes or two nations, the principal or largest and of best men was calledCazibagiaga—R.Cazibaxagua—D. (Royal Xagua) and the smallerAmaianaba—R.Amayauna—D. (Mayas?), ruled by Cazics for kings.

We have here two nations well indicated. The first theGiagaorShaguas, indicate the Lunar tribe, theChiaof the Muyzcas, and other South American tribesAchaguasof Oronoc, theChaguaysorChangasof[pg 179]Peru,AgachesorAgaizor Paraguay; but above all theCachaorXauxaantidiluvian people of Peru. While in the second we trace again the Amazons or Atlantes, one of their main African tribes being theAmantesof Solin, another theBaniabasof Ptolemy, both in Lybia. In America the progeny is found in theMayasof Yucatan, theMaynasof East Peru, theMamayantof Brazil, the Mbayas of Chaco &c.

The important name of Cazic for kings begins to appear: it is evidently oriental, and its affinities will be shown in a note.71It is akin also toKachisun, in the Eyeri dialect: theWashilof the Nachez.

23d Event.Machocha-Elwas set by the sun to watch the caves, and many inhabitants of the caves were killed by the sun, if they came out in the day time; they could only come out at night to seek for food. (Dangleria)

This either alludes to the great heat of the sun in Africa and the tropics, or to a dependance of the Lunar or Cave men upon the Solar men.Machochahas some affinities in the South American tribes;Machicuysof Tucumen,Machacalisof Brazil,Chaehasof Perou,Chanchonesof Quixos &c.

24th Event.Some men having dared to come in the day time, were changed into stones by the sun; (Zibais stone): alsoMachokaelfor allowing it.

This fable may allude to a war, between[pg 180]theZibasstony or strong men and the solar tribes. TheseZibaswere probably theZipasor princes of the Muyzcas. In Perou there is also a fable of men changed to stones at the primitive city of Tiahuanaco, which merely means a war and change of dominion. The name ofZibafor stone is primitive.—See the Note for affinities.72

25th Event.Another set of men, going to the shores to fish, were changed intoJoboses(myrobolan or plumb trees) by the sun.

This metamorphose is peculiar to these fables: although the Mexicans called the Olmecas, fruit-people or Zapotecas. The analogies ofJobosorKobosare found inCoybaof Darien, Cuba orCoaiba, theMocobisof Chaco &c. Another war is probably meant by this, and theJobosare a people. Have they any reference with theJubasof Mauritania? who formed a divine and royal dynasty there.Jubawas also the Jove or God of the Lybians. Several nations of Central and Mexican America had trees for emblems.

26th Event.The dynasty ofGionaorHi-Aunabegins to rule over the men of Caziba or royal caves in Cauta.

This family of rulers or Cazics became famous afterwards as we shall see, as leaders of tribes to America. We can easily perceive here the ancient Pelagian tribes ofIoniaandAones.Hi-Aunameans[pg 181]the-Aones. It was this dynasty or people that sent colonies to America: Oviedo says this happened in the time of Hesper 12th king of Spain, about 750 years after the flood, or 1658 years B. C. He deems the settlers Hesperians or Cantabrians. The root isOnasolar name of Lybians.

27th Event.Vagonianaa ruler of theHi-Auna, went fishing from the cave, and became a bird or nightingale; who crossed the sea, and settled the islandMathinino(Martinico) with a people of women.Dangleria. His wife in the sea gives him two sons which became jewelsZibaandGuaninmarble and metal.

This is a positive voyage over the Atlantic. Whenever we meet tribes of birds, in ancient history, they always mean travellers and colonies, and often passage over the sea in sailing boats, compared to birds. The first ships of the Scandinavians and Europeans seen in North America, were called birds by the natives. V and B interchange in the Haytian language as in Greek;Va-gon-iana, thus meansFather-Solar-Iana. His people are called women, because unwarlike fishermen, or the Amazon tribe. Martinico was the first island settled by them: it bears the name ofMatininoin Roman, and was thus called yet in 1492, Garcia mentions the 2 sons and jewels.73

28th Event.Guagu-gionaking of Caziba, sentJadruvabaout of the caves, to collect[pg 182]the holy herbDigoin order to purify and wash the body; but he was changed by the sun into a singing birdGiahuba-Bogiael(the-singer bird-divine), and never returns.

We have here a second voyage by sea in a bird, and a contention with a solar people, caused by a trading voyage to procure some American commodity: Indigo probably which is identic withDigo.Jadru-vabaor the father ofKhadru, must be a new colonist.Khadruhas hardly any analogies in America; butGiahubain which he was changed has some. It appears analagous with theYaoyandShebaoytwoAruactribes of Guyana, and thusKhadrumight be theAruacthemselves; same nation with the Haytians once, as the languages prove; although extending to Tucuman and Patagonia. The name ofAruacorAruagaswas inexplicable: it may refer to this origin, or to theRocouthe red paint used by them. ButAruacmay also meanAluac; akin to theLabuyuof the Caribs their vassals, and theAluezvassals of the Nachez nation. Could they derive from the ALE angels of the east; here reduced to servitude by foes?

29th Event.Guagu-Gionairritated that Jadru-vaba does not return, leaves the cave ofCazibain search of him, and went with men and women to the island Matinino, where the women were left, while the men went to the land ofGuanin.

This is the third passage of the Atlantic,[pg 183]unless that ofVagonianaonly mentioned by Dangleria and Garcia be the same; but they are likely to be successive tribes of Ionas. That all the women should be left in Martinico is a fable, meaning that the weakest or fishing tribes settled there or in the islands; while the warriors went to the American continent, calledGuanin, which has several meanings, land of Guanas or lizard men, or land of metals. It became afterwards the name of a peculiar metal formed by the natural or artificial amalgam of 18 parts gold, 6 silver, and 8 copper: and a tribe assumed the name.GuanaorGuanoswas the name of a large nation of South America; perhaps come from theGuansof the Canary islands; but slightly related to the Aruacs by the languages: yet perhaps akin: it was spread east of the Andes, between the two tropics.74

30th Event.The children were left behind, because afraid to cross, and were crying after their mothers; but became changed intoTonaor opossums. Garcia says intoToaor frogs.

There are no opossums in Hayti nor the small islands, nor in Africa. But they are plenty in South America, where the notion must have sprung. This fable and metamorphosis may imply a hidden meaning. The opossums are the only animals bearing their young in a pouch, as ships bear men. Could not this indicate other ships without sails, and thus no longer birds with wings?

TON is a remarkable word, since it is the root ofNei-tonthe Lybian neptunes or navigators. The twin TUN are the holy ancestors of the Chilians,Tona-ca(flesh our) is the ancestor or Adam of some Mexican nations. The frogs were the emblem of the Muyzcas!

31st Event.Guabonitoa woman followsGuaga-Gionato the bigland ofGuaninby swimming. He is well pleased with it, and calls her his ownBiberozi(wife-loving): but as she was diseased he puts her apart in aGuanara, where she heals, and he makes her queen.

Back to Index Next