LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Vesicular structure, Lava from Ascension Island, slightly less than natural size
Elongation and branching of steam-vesicles in a lava, Kilninian, Isle of Mull, a little less than natural size
Microlites of the Pitchstone of Arran (magnified 70 diameters)
Perlitic structure in Felsitic Glass, Isle of Mull (magnified)
Spherulitic structure (magnified)
Micropegmatitic or Granophyric structure in Granophyre, Mull (magnified)
Ophitic structure in Dolerite, Gortacloghan, Co. Derry (magnified)
Variolitic or orbicular structure, Napoleonite, Corsica (nat. size)
Flow-structure in Rhyolite, Antrim, slightly reduced
Lumpy, irregular trachytic lava-streams (Carboniferous), East Linton, Haddingtonshire
View at the entrance of the Svinofjord, Faroe Islands, illustrating the terraced forms assumed by basic lavas
Sack-like or pillow-form structure of basic lavas (Lower Silurian), Bennan Head, Ballantrae, Ayrshire
Alternations of coarser and finer Tuff
Alternations of Tuff with non-volcanic sediment
Ejected block of basalt which has fallen among Carboniferous shales and limestones, shore, Pettycur, Fife
Effects of denudation on a Vesuvian cone
Section to illustrate the structure of the Plateau type
Diagram illustrating the structure and denudation of Puys
Section illustrating submarine eruptions; alternations of lavas and tuffs with limestones and shales full of marine organisms
Diagram illustrating volcanic eruptions on a river-plain
Diagram illustrating volcanic eruptions on a land-surface
Ground-plans of some volcanic vents from the Carboniferous districts of Scotland
View of an old volcanic "Neck" (The Knock, Largs, Ayrshire, a vent of Lower Carboniferous age)
Section of neck of agglomerate, rising through sandstones and shales
Neck filled with stratified tuff
Section of neck of agglomerate with plug of lava
Section of agglomerate neck with dykes and veins
Section of neck filled with massive rock
Successive shiftings of vents giving rise to double or triple cones
Section to show the connection of a neck with a cone and surrounding bedded tuffs
Diagram illustrating the gradual emergence of buried volcanic cones through the influence of prolonged denudation
Dyke, Vein, and Sill
Section of Sill or Intrusive Sheet
Ideal section of three Laccolites. (After Mr. Gilbert)
Diagram illustrating the stratigraphical relations of the pre-Cambrian and Cambrian rocks of the North-west Highlands of Scotland
Map of a portion of the Lewisian gneiss of Ross-shire
Section showing the position of sills in the mica-schist series between Loch Tay and Amulree
Sketch of crushed basic igneous rock among the schists, E. side of Porth-tywyn-mawr, E. side of Holyhead Straits
Section across the Uriconian series of Caer Caradoc
Map of the volcanic district of St. David's
Section showing the interstratification of tuff and conglomerate above Lower Mill, St. David's
Basic dyke traversing quartz-porphyry and converted into a kind of slate by cleavage. West side of Llyn Padarn
Section of well-cleaved tuff, grit and breccia passing up into rudely-cleaved conglomerate and well-bedded cleaved fine conglomerate and grit. East side of Llyn Padarn
Section of Clegyr on the north-east side of Llyn Padarn, near the lower end
Section across the Cambrian formations of the Malvern Hills, showing the position of the intercalated igneous rocks. After Phillips
Section across Rhobell Fawr
Section at the Slate Quarry, Penrhyn Gwyn, north slopes of Cader Idris
Sketch-section across Cader Idris
Section across the Moelwyn Range
Section across the anticline of Corndon
Structure in finely-amygdaloidal diabase lava, south of mouth of Stinchar River, Ayrshire
View of Knockdolian Hill from the east
Section across the Lower Silurian volcanic series in the south of Ayrshire (B. N. Peach)
Section of part of the Arenig volcanic group, stream south of Bennane Head, Ayrshire
Flow-structure in the lowest felsite on the track from Llanberis to the top of Snowdon
Section of Snowdon
Section across the Berwyn Hills. (Reduced from Horizontal Section, Geol. Surv. Sheet 35)
Section of the strata on the shore at Porth Wen, west of Amlwch
Section of intercalated black shale in the volcanic series at Porth yr hwch, south of Carmel Point, Anglesey
Green slates overlain with volcanic breccia, Carmel Point
Blue shale or slate passing into volcanic breccia east of Porth Padrig, near Carmel Point
Section of felsites in the Coniston Limestone group, west of Stockdale
Fine tuff with coarser bands near Quayfoot Quarries, Borrowdale
Diagram of the general relations of the different groups of rock in the Lower Silurian volcanic district along the western shore of Lough Mask
Veins and nests of sandstone due to the washing of sand into fissures and cavities of an Old Red Sandstone lava. Turnberry Point, Ayrshire
Ground-plan of reticulated cracks in the upper surface of an Old Red Sandstone lava filled in with sandstone. Red Head, Forfarshire
Section across the volcanic series of Forfarshire
Section across two necks above Tillicoultry, Ochil Hills
Section of the granite core between Merrick and Corscrine
Section across the three Dirrington Laws, Berwickshire
Section of Papa Stour, Shetlands, showing sill of spherulitic felsite traversing Old Red Sandstone and bedded porphyrites (Messrs. Peach and Horne)
Section across Northmavine, from Okrea Head to Skea Ness, Shetland, showing dykes and connected sill of granite and felsite (Messrs. Peach and Horne)
Section at the edge of one of the bays of Lower Old Red Sandstone along the northern margin of Lake Caledonia, near Ochtertyre
Craig Beinn-nan-Eun (2067 feet), east of Uam Var, Braes of Doune. Old Red Conglomerate, with the truncated ends of the strata looking across into the Highlands; moraines of Corry Beach in the foreground
Section showing the top of the volcanic series at the foot of the precipice of the Red Head, Forfarshire
Andesite with sandstone veinings and overlying conglomerate. Todhead, south of Caterline, coast of Kincardineshire
Section across the Boundary-fault of the Highlands at Glen Turrit, Perthshire
Section across the chain of the Sidlaw Hills near Kilspindie
Section across the Eastern Ochil Hills from near Newburgh to near Auchtermuchty
Generalized section across the heart of the Ochil Hills from Dunning on the north to the Fife coal-field near Saline on the south
Diagram of the volcanic series of the Western Ochil Hills
View of Cnoc Garbh, Southend, Campbeltown. A volcanic neck of Lower Old Red Sandstone age, about 400 yards wide in its longer diameter
Section of volcanic series on beach, Southend, Campbeltown
Section of the base of the volcanic series, Reclain, five miles south of Pomeroy
Section of shales and breccias at Crossna Chapel, north-east of Boyle
Section across the north end of the Pentland Hills, from Warklaw Hill to Pentland Mains. Length about five miles
View of the lava-escarpments of Warklaw Hill, Pentland chain, from the north-west
Section across the Pentland Hills through North Black Hill and Scald Law. Length about three miles
Section from the valley of the Gutterford Burn through Green Law and Braid Law to Eight-Mile Burn
Section across the north end of the Pentland Hills, and the southern edge of the Braid Hill vent. Length about two miles
Section across the northern end of the Biggar volcanic group, from Fadden Hill to beyond Mendick Hill
Section across the southern part of the Biggar volcanic group from Covington to Culter
Section from Thankerton Moor across Tinto to Lamington
Section across the Duneaton volcanic district from the head of the Duneaton Water to Kirklea Hill
Cavernous spaces in andesite, filled in with sandstone, John o' Groats Port, Turnberry, Ayrshire
Section of andesites, Turnberry Castle, Ayrshire
Lenticular form of a brecciated andesite (shown inFig. 96), Turnberry, Ayrshire
Section across the volcanic area of St. Abb's Head (after Prof. J. Geikie)
View of terraced andesite hills resting on massive conglomerate, south of Oban
Section of lava-escarpment at Beinn Lora, north side of mouth of Loch Etive, Argyllshire
Section across Strathbogie, below Rhyme, showing the position of the volcanic band
View of Knockfeerina, Limerick, from the north-east—a volcanic neck of Upper Old Red Sandstone age
Section of the volcanic zone in the Upper Old Red Sandstone, Cam of Hoy, Orkney
Section of the volcanic zone in the Upper Old Red Sandstone at Black Ness, Rackwick, Hoy
Section across the volcanic band and its associated necks, Hoy, Orkney
Ground-plan of volcanic neck piercing the Caithness Flagstone series on the beach near John o' Groat's House
View of the escarpment of the Clyde Plateau in the Little Cumbrae, from the south-west
View of the edge of the Volcanic Plateau south of Campbeltown, Argyllshire
View of North Berwick Law from the east, a phonolite neck marking one of the chief vents of the Garleton Plateau. (From a photograph)
The Bass Rock, a trachytic neck belonging to the Garleton plateau, from the shore at Canty Bay
Corston Hill—a fragment of the Midlothian Plateau, seen from the north
View of Arthur Seat from Calton Hill to the north
View of Arkleton Fell, part of the Solway Plateau, from the south-west
Vertical sections of the escarpment of the Clyde plateau from north-east to south-west
Section of Craiglockhart Hill, Edinburgh
Section of the bottom of the Midlothian Plateau, Linnhouse Water above Mid-Calder Oilworks
Section of the top of the Midlothian Plateau in the Murieston Water
Section of Calton Hill, Edinburgh
Cliff of tuff and agglomerate, east side of Oxroad Bay, a little east from Tantallon Castle, East Lothian
Section across part of the Clyde Plateau to the west of Bowling (reduced from Sheet 6 of the Horizontal Sections of the Geological Survey of Scotland)
Diagram illustrating the thinning away southwards of the lavas of the Clyde Plateau between Largs and Ardrossan. Length about 10 miles
Diagram illustrating the thinning away eastwards of the lavas of the Clyde Plateau in the Fintry Hills. Length about 12 miles
View of the two necks Dumgoyn and Dumfoyn, Stirlingshire, taken from the south
Ground-plan of Plateau-vents near Strathblane, Stirlingshire, on the scale of 6 inches to a mile
Ground-plans of double and triple necks in the Plateau series, on the scale of 6 inches to a mile
Ground-plan of tuff-neck, shore east of Dunbar
Section across the vents Dumgoyn and Dumfoyn, and the edge of the Clyde plateau above Strathblane, Stirlingshire
Section through the large vent of the Campsie Hills
Diagrammatic section across the central vent of the Clyde plateau in Renfrewshire
Section across Southern Berwickshire, to show the relation of the volcanic plateau to the vents lying south from it
Section of south end of Dumbuck Hill. East of Dumbarton
Section across the East Lothian plateau, to show the relative position of one of the necks
View of Traprain Law from the south, a phonolite neck of the Garleton Plateau
Veins and dykes traversing the agglomerate and tuff of the great Renfrewshire vent
"The Yellow Man," a dyke in volcanic tuff and conglomerate on the shore a little east of North Berwick
Trachytic sills, Knockvadie, Kilpatrick Hills
Section across the edge of the Clyde plateau, south-east of Beith
Section across the upper part of the Clyde plateau at Kilbirnie, Ayrshire
Section across the upper surface of the Clyde volcanic plateau, Burnhead, north-west of Kilsyth
Section across the upper surface of the Clyde volcanic plateau at Campsie
Section across western edge of the Garlton plateau
Section across the Solway plateau
Section of volcanic vent at East Grange, Perthshire coal-field, constructed by Mr. B. N. Peach from the rocks exposed in a railway-cutting, and from plans of ironstone- and coal-pits
View of the Binn of Burntisland—a volcanic neck of agglomerate
View of part of the cliffs of vertical agglomerate, Binn of Burntisland
Diagram of buried volcanic cone near Dalry, Ayrshire. Constructed from information obtained in mining operations
Diagram to illustrate how Volcanic Necks may be concealed and exposed
Section across the Saline Hills, Fife
Section across the Binn of Burntisland, in an east and west direction
Section in old quarry, west of Wester Ochiltree, Linlithgowshire. Calciferous Sandstone series
Ejected volcanic block in Carboniferous strata, Burntisland
View of volcanic agglomerate becoming finer above east end of Kingswood Craig, two miles east from Burntisland
Alternations of basalt and tuff, with shale, etc., of Kingswood Craig, Burntisland
Section of the upper surface of a diabase ("leckstone") sheet, Skolie Burn, south-east of Bathgate
Section across the volcanic ridge of the Linlithgow and Bathgate Hills, showing the intercalation of limestones that mark important stratigraphical horizons
Section in Wardlaw Quarry, Linlithgowshire
Section from Linlithgow Loch to the Firth of Forth
Section across the Campsie Fells illustrating the contrast between the sills below and above the plateau-lavas
Section showing the position of the basic sills in relation to the volcanic series at Burntisland, Fife
Sills between shales and sandstones, Hound Point, Linlithgowshire
Section of Sill, Cramond Railway, Barnton, near Edinburgh
Intrusive dolerite sheet enclosing and sending threads into portions of shale, Salisbury Crags, Edinburgh
Intrusive sheet invading limestone and shale, Dodhead Quarry, near Burntisland
Spheroidal weathering of dolerite sill, quarry east of North Queensferry, Fife.
Two thin sills of "white trap" injected into black carbonaceous shale overlying the Hurlet Limestone, Hillhouse Quarry, Linlithgow
Dyke cutting the agglomerate of a neck. Binn of Burntisland
Boss of diabase cutting the Burdiehouse Limestone and sending sills and veins into the overlying shales. Railway cutting, West Quarry, East Calder, Midlothian
Side of columnar basalt-dyke in the same agglomerate as inFig. 166
Dyke rising through the Hurlet Limestone and its overlying shales. Silvermine Quarry, Linlithgowshire
Junction of amygdaloidal basalt with shales and limestone, shore, half a mile east from Kinghorn, Fife
Columnar basalt, Pettycur, Kinghorn, Fife
Section across the Fife band of Sills
Section across the upper volcanic band of north Ayrshire. Length about four miles
Section showing the connection of the two volcanic bands in Liddesdale
Diagram to show the position of a mass of Upper Old Red Sandstone which has fallen into the great vent near Tudhope Hill, east of Mosspaul