Baltimore, guilds before Revolution in,21; tailors’ strike (1795),22; early unions in,34; Baltimore and Ohio strikes,57,67; Labor Congress (1866),73.Bancroft, H. H., quoted,241-242.Bank, United States, as political issue,27.Beecher, H. W., and eight-hour day,71.Belgium, syndicalism in,189; general strikes,200.Bell, A. G., and the telephone,64.Benson, A. L., presidential candidate (1916),243-244.Bentham, Jeremy, Place and,17.Berger, Victor,244,245.Berne (Switzerland), labor conference at,105-106.Billings (Mont.), treatment of I. W. W. leaders in,216.Bisbee (Ariz.), I. W. W. strikers in,216.Bolshevists, Gompers’s attitude toward,108; and I. W. W.,218.Boston, early trade unions in,34; strike benefits in,39; coöperative movement,46-47; strikes because of cost of living (1853),57; eight-hour societies,70; workingman’s party,227.Boston Labor Reform Association circulates Steward’s pamphlet,71.Boston Trades Union,33.Bowerman, Charles,257.Boycott, Captain,177(note).Boycott,177et seq.; used against convict labor,37; union label as weapon,184-186; court injunction to prevent,252.Braidwood (Ill.), Mitchell at,127-128.Brewer, Justice D. J., on strike violence,174.Brewery workers and control of coopers,118.Brisbane, Albert,47.Brissenden, J. G.,The Launching of the Industrial Workers of the World,cited,196(note).Brook Farm experiment,41.Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, origin,133; and American Federation of Labor,133(note); character,134; supervision of members,135-136; excludes firemen,136; attitude toward nonmembers,136-137; business policy,137-138; activities,138-140; organization,140; and Firemen’s Brotherhood,154.Brotherhood of the Footboard,133.Brotherhood of Trainmen,156.Brush, C. F., and electric lighting,64.Buck’s Stove and Range Company of St. Louis, boycott case,180-182,254.Buffalo, machinists’ strike (1880),67-68; annual convention of Federation of Labor (1917),101; railway strike (1877),174; I. W. W. disclosures,217.Burns, John,123.Butler, General B. F.,232-233.Butte (Mont.), Western Federation of Miners organized at,192.
California, effect of discovery of gold on cost of living,57; “hobo” labor in,190; political labor movement,238-242; Workingman’s party,239; new constitution,241.Cannon, J. G.,248.Carlyle, Thomas,18; and British industrial conditions,9; Emerson writes to,41.Carter, W. S.,154-156.Cedar Rapids (Ia.), headquarters of Order of Railway Conductors,150.Charleston Navy Yard, eight-hour day in (1842),70.Chevalier, Michael, quoted,37.Chicago, stockyards’ strike (1880),67; Haymarket riots,68,83-84; Railway strike (1877),174; “floaters” winter in,190; conferences organize I. W. W.,193-194; revolutionary branch of I. W. W. in,196; I. W. W. offices raided,217; Labor Party conference,235; movement to form American Labor party,255.Child labor,28; in England,9; Greeley and,52-53; Paris peace treaty and,107; State regulation,250.Chinese denounced in California,238,239.Cigar-makers’ International Union, Gompers and,94.Cincinnati, becomes manufacturing town (1820),26; early Unions in,34; coöperative movement in,45,46; Railway strike (1877),174; National Union party organized (1887),233.Civil War, condition of the United States after,63-64.Clark, E. E.,151.Clayton Act,100,184,247.Cleveland, Grover, Message (1886),85; and Pullman strike,174.Cleveland, Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers own building in,140;Firemen’s Magazinepublished in,156; I. W. W. disclosures,217.Clinton, De Witt,23.Collective bargaining, trade unions and,168-171.Colorado, miners’ strikes,174,193; “hobo” labor in,190; labor ticket (1888),237.Columbia, puddlers’ strike (1880),67.Columbus, American Federation of Labor established (1886),89; Order of Conductors organized (1868),150.Combinations in restraint of trade, origin of doctrine,16; in England,17.Coming Nation, A. H. Simons editor of,195.Commerce of Great Britain,6.Commons, J.R.,29-30.Communistic colonies, Owen’s attempts,40-41; Brook Farm,41.Comstock, Russell,223.Confédération Général du Travail,189.Congress, Homestead Act (1862),50; establishes eight-hour day for public work,71; Clayton bill (1914),100,184,247; eight-hour railroad law,133(note),160,164-165,166,247; Wilson and,164; and I. W. W.,216; American Federation of Labor,247.Connecticut, delegates to the national cordwainers’ convention (1836),35; labor politics,227, labor ticket (1872),237.Conspiracy, legal doctrine in England,15-16; strikers tried for,23; trials in New York City,23-24,32; acting in unison considered,28.Convict labor,36; boycott used against,37.Cooper, Peter,231.Coöperative movement,45-48;58.Corn laws,6.Cost of living, bread riots caused by high,39; Mooney on (1850),43-44; in 1853,57; Stone’s attempt to adjust wages to meet,144.Council of National Defense,102-103.Crompton, Samuel, and spinning machine,7.
Daily Advertiser, New York, on strikes (1834),172.Daily People, DeLeon editor of,195.Danbury Hatters’ Boycott,180,182-184.Daniels, Newell,74.Davis, Judge David,230.Debs, E. V.,154,195,243,253.Debt, imprisonment for,36.Declaration of Independence,1.Defoe, Daniel, on domestic system of manufacture,4-5.Delaware, delegates to national cordwainers’ convention (1836),35.DeLeon, Daniel,195.Democratic party and ten-hour day,53.Detroit, headquarters for Socialist factions of I. W. W.,196; I. W. W. offices raided,217.Direct action,200-201.Dover, (N. H.), mill girls’ strike (1829),55.Duncan, James,124.
Edison, T. A.,64.Education, condition before 1840,28; issue with labor,36, public school improvement,42; Paris peace treaty and,107.Edward III, proclamation of 1349,12.Eidlitz, O. M.,146.Eight-Hour League,70;see alsoHours of labor.Elevator Constructors’ Union,118Eliot, C. W., and Gompers,98.Ely, R. T., quoted,21.Emerson, R. W., on communistic experiments,41.Employers’ organizations,249.Erdman Act,146,162.Erie Railroad, firemen organize Brotherhood,152.Erne, Lord, Irish landlord,177(note).Ettor, J. J.,204.Evans, G. H.,48-49.Evans, Samuel,233.Evening Post, account of mass meeting in New York,32; quoted,33.Everett, Edward,53.Everett (Wash.), and I. W. W.,212.
Factory Girls’ Association (Lowell),55.Factory inspection, Paris peace treaty and,107; as political issue,231; provided by law,249-250.Farmers’ Alliance,233; and Knights of Labor at St. Louis,235.Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions of the United States and Canada,89.Female Industry Association,56.Female Labor Reform Association,55.Field, J. G.,236.Finance, demand for capital after Civil War,64-65; reform as a political issue,231; People’s party platform,236;see alsoPanics, Taxation.Firemen’s Magazine,155,156.“Five Stars,”seeKnights of Labor.Flynn, E. G.,208.Force, Peter,24.Foster, F. K.,The Labor Movement, the Problem of Today, quoted,75-76.Fox, Martin,116.France, syndicalism in,188; general strikes,200.Free Enquirer,222.Friendly Societies,168.Furuseth, Andrew,247.
Garretson, A. B.,151,152.General Trades’ Union of New York City,31.George, Henry,234; Evans precursor of,48.Glassblowers’ Union,124.Goldfield (Nev.), I. W. W. at,202.Goldman, Emma, on syndicalism,198; on general strikes,199.Gompers, Samuel, President of American Federation of Labor,94et seq.; early life,94; national lobbyist for Federation,99,247; organizes American Alliance for Labor and Democracy,101; on Council of Defense,102; heads American labor mission to Europe (1917),104-105; and Berne labor conference,105-106; contribution to Paris treaty of peace,106-107; and Socialism,107-108; personal characteristics,108; sentenced to imprisonment,182,254; birthday occasion of gift to Danbury union,184; on American labor party,255; experience at London Conference (1918),256-258.Government control of public utilities, People’s party demands,236.Government operation of railroads, Brotherhoods’ plan for (1919),167.Government ownership, National Labor party on,230(note).Government Printing Office, Roosevelt espouses open shop in,248.Grangers, help organize National Union party,233; join Workingman’s party in California,240.Granite City (Ill.), early morning strikes in steel mills,210-211.Granite Cutters’ National Union,124.Gray’s Harbor (Wash.), I. W. W. in,212.Great Britain, American institutions modeled after those of,1-2; survey of industrial system,2et seq.; ten-hour law in,53; British Trades Union as model for American Federation,88; labor leaders in,123; labor compared with that in America,124.Great War, American Federation of Labor and,100et seq.;and railroads,166-167; I. W. W. and,215; and Socialist party,244-245.Greeley, Horace, and ten-hour bill,52; on child labor law,53; and eight-hour day,71.Green Point (L. I.), potters’ strike (1880),67.Greenback party,68,231,237.Guild system,3-4,13.
Hamond, Edward, on I. W. W.,198.Hardie, Keir,123.Hargreaves, James, invents spinning-jenny,7.Harriman, Job,243.Hayes, Dennis,124-125.Hayes, R. B., proclamation,67.Haywood, W. D.,195,197,202; quoted,199.Henderson, Arthur,257.Henderson, John,123.Herald, New York, quoted,56.Hewitt, A. S.,234.Highland Park (Ill.), Home for Disabled Railroad Men,139.Hines, W. D., Director-General of Railroads,167.Homestead Act (1862),50.Homestead strike (1892),126,174.Homesteaders,233.Hoqiam (Wash.), sabotage in,212.Hours of labor, long hours,28,44; ten-hour day,30-31,32,34,35,44,50-54,160; first ten-hour law (1847),52; as issue,69-70; eight-hour day,70-72,74,129,152; Paris peace treaty and eight-hour day,106; eight-hour railroad law,133(note),160,164-166,247; eight-hour law as political issue,231; State regulation,250.Housing conditions about 1840,27.Hume, Joseph,17-18.