Vachell, Horace Annesley.Face of clay: an interpretation. †$1.50. Dodd.
A spell of mystery is cast over Mr. Vachell’s new story in which a young English-Breton girl and a Cornish artist play the leading rôles. “Falsely they both play because the two troublesome strings of their instruments, love and ambition refuse to get into tune. The resulting discords seem to Tephany to be due to a certain face of clay, the death mask of a beautiful model her lover, Michael, has once painted, and she resolves to destroy it. Her hand, however is mysteriously stayed.... The message of the mask accomplishes itself, the avenging Furic finds his due, the apparition of the aukon is driven away, and ‘by a miracle,’ says the curé, Tephany is saved. Not until after that do she and Michael learn their instruments.” (N. Y. Times.)
“We have read Mr. Vachell’s story with a curious sense of wandering through a lovely and gracious region to the accompaniment of tragic music.”
“Mr. Vachell shows an occasional tendency to stand outside his puppets, as if they were not real, which is disconcerting. Altogether it is a noteworthy novel by one of our most promising writers.”
“But though there are some weak passages, especially, it seems, in any crisis of emotion, the book is interesting not only as a study of curious beliefs and superstitions, but in a wider sense as a study of the life that is not limited to peasants.”
“Is as such things now go, what would be called a very good story. It has dignity as well as interest.”
“An attractive story of artist life in Brittany.”
“As a study of the effect of remorse on a morbid temperament, the book is deeply interesting, and all the characters of the drama are skilfully handled.”
Vachell, Horace Annesley.The hill: a romance of friendship.†$1.50. Dodd.
A public-school story “brave in daring to enter the lists of the school-stories, where ‘Tom Brown at Rugby’ forever wins out, and brave in daring to do without the usual interest of lovemaking.” (N. Y. Times.) The author’s boys “are cleverly conventional types, nicely contrasted and distinguished, his incidents familiar to all readers of social life. But what raises his book above the ordinary level of such stories and connects it with life, is the love of Harrow. The corporate life of the school is here, though the individual boys do not live ... the corporate spirit of a great school.” (Acad.)
“Mr. Vachell writes with such tact and delicacy that we do not think that his book will offend either Harrovians or those who love another school.”
“The story itself is interesting and well told.”
“It is a moving story, in no idle sense of the phrase; with its purity, its sanity, its true boyishness.—its true boys—well fitted to take the Stalky taste out of our mouths.” H. W. Boynton.
“It is no exaggeration to declare that not since ‘Tom Brown’ have we had a school story of such vitality and significance.”
“An admirable book for boys.”
“There are many clever touches in the book, and some scenes are spirited.”
“Of what goes on in school hours we hardly read anything at all; but, with this reserve, ‘The hill’ may be commended as a detailed as well as attractive record of five years at a great English public school.”
Vambery, Arminius.Western culture in eastern lands: a comparison of the methods adopted by England and Russia in the Middle East. *$3.50. Dutton.
The author, who occupies a chair in the University of Budapest, “has long been known as an enthusiastic admirer of England and a severe critic of Russia. This, his last book, is a systematic description and comparison of Russian and British rule in Asia, with an explanation of what he considers the immense superiority of the latter.... The book consists of three parts, entitled respectively the civilizing influence of Russia, the civilizing influence of England, and the future of Islam.” (Lond. Times.)
“The attitude adopted in the present volume is on the whole sound, and, as Britons, we think just. It is not quite uniform throughout. There are some contradictions in passages which would be startling if put side by side.”
“Could easily have been reduced to half its length and been a much better book. The book is disfigured by Professor Vambéry’s usual extraordinary Arabic, and by his quoting as ‘Koran’ all sorts of traditions from Muhammed which never had any connection with the Koran.”
“It may be taken for granted that Prof. Vambéry writes entertainingly and with great circumspection. Prof. Vambéry cannot escape the condemnation of his countrymen as being a partisan of England.”
“We find it more interesting than his ‘History of Bokhara,’ or his ‘Travels in Central Asia,’ or even his ‘Autobiography.’”
“This striking book presents in vivid contrast the methods of the Slav and the Anglo-Saxon in Middle Asia.”
Vance, Louis Joseph.Private war: being the truth about Gordon Traill; his personal statement. †$1.50. Appleton.
“In this somber tale the brave and resourceful American lover, the astute English friend, and the wily German fortune-hunter circle about a lovely American widow of an English baronet. It is but an incident to be expected that Nihilists, Russian torpedo destroyers, and brilliant naval encounters enliven the progress of the love-story. In spite of, or because of, several violent deaths the lovers are united—in the end. The awful tragedy of a young mulatto girl awakens the schoolmaster to action, and moved by powerful moral conviction, he sacrifices his chances as a political leader to his convictions. In this way he incurs the hatred of his political opponents, and suffers for his courage.”—Outlook.
“The melodrama goes with a careless swing; probability is properly ignored, and there is enough blood to satisfy the thirstiest.”
“A rattling good story of sensation and adventure.”
“Is one of those novels that just escape the category of ‘shockers’ by virtue of a certain neatness of plot and a bare touch of stylistic virtue.” Wm. M. Payne.
“Mr. Vance has an interesting story to tell, and he tells it in a most lively and captivating manner. The characters may be of a more or less conventional and stagy nature ... but in this case they are decidedly well drawn.”
“Each season gives us many stories of this character both better and worse—and the best are but ephemeral.”
Vance, Louis Joseph.Terence O’Rourke, gentleman adventurer. †$1.50. Wessels.
“People who like a series of hair’s-breadth escapes, and are not particular as to whether they can believe in them or not, will thoroughly enjoy the story, which is written with some skill, and a good deal of ingenuity.”
Van Dyke, Henry.Americanism of Washington.50c. Harper.
Mr. Van Dyke aims to unsay two things often said about Washington: first, that he was a solitary and inexplicable phenomena of greatness, and second, that he was not an American. He interprets in brief the drama which Washington enacted of the eternal conflict in the soul of war between self-interest in its Protean forms, and loyalty to the right, service to a cause, and allegiance to an ideal.
Van Dyke, Henry.Essays in application. **$1.50. Scribner.
Reviewed by George Hodges.
“The paper among the present series which is on the whole best worth reading, is that upon ‘The creative ideal of education.’” H. W. Boynton.
“A book so admirably combining entertainment and edification is not published every day, or every month.”
“Every essay, however, is valuable, combining suggestions, application and criticism, and the volume will be given no unworthy place among the literature of essays as well as among the works of the author.”
Van Dyke, Henry.Fisherman’s luck, and some other uncertain things. †$1.50. Scribner.
“A leisurely book, and rather prolix, it is written in good English on the model of Lamb.”
Van Dyke, John Charles.Opal sea. **$1.25. Scribner.
“Here are all the facts and fancies about the sea, accumulations of the ages, harmoniously blended, not set down in the cyclopaedic manner; the fear of the sea, and the love of it, its terror and its beauty, the creatures that dwell in it, and the other creatures that float upon it in boats; its mystery, its never failing charm.” (N. Y. Times.)
“It is not technical; it is not scientific; it is not a popular description; and it is not a rhapsody.”
“You cannot read it without feeling cool and clean and invigorated as from a dip into the ocean itself.”
“Many readers of these essays will be encouraged to undertake a more precise study of the physical geography of the sea from formal treatises.”
“His point of view shifts from the scientific to the poetical with no loss of balance. ‘The opal sea’ is, indeed, a fascinating book.”
“Written in an unostentatious yet brilliant manner, the least to be said of this latest work of Professor Van Dyke’s is that it forms an invaluable addition to the treasures of the bookshelf.”
“This is certainly a book to be read.”
Van Dyke, Paul.Renascence portraits. **$2. Scribner.
“These papers belong to a delightful class of historical writing and illustrate the opportunities it affords to those who combine ideas with scholarship. The few slips we have noticed are of no great moment.”
“Interesting volume.” Edward Fuller.
“Of American historians, Professor Van Dyke has given us the most important contribution to the literature of the Renascence. What in his earlier work he did for the general reader, he has done in these ‘Renascence portraits’ for the student.” L. E. Robinson.
“In his general reflections upon the period Mr. Van Dyke is not particularly happy, but he has made a clever use of the letters of Aretino, in whom his book will help to create a living interest.”
“He has read widely and well in the period. His style is pleasant if without distinction. Yet the book as a whole is not convincing. It betrays too clearly its publicistic origin.”
“The book is picturesque and interesting.”
Van Millingen, Alexander.Constantinople: painted by Warwick Goble.*$6. Macmillan.
“Such a subject makes exceptional demands upon both painter and describer, and it says much for Mr. Warwick Goble and Professor van Millingen that they have risen to their great occasion.... We have seldom seen views which were more successful in imparting the subtle secret of the scenery beloved by every one who has enjoyed the unspeakable privilege of feasting his eyes on the Bosporus and the Seven hills.... Prof. van Millingen ... best known as a learned and authoritative archaeologist ... has contrived to present a sketch of the history and life of the city suggestive of the imagination, not too crowded with facts, yet sufficiently full to embody the impression created by the pictures.... His account of the modern inhabitants is ... both sympathetic and life-like, besides being decidedly readable.”—Ath.
“The virtue of the book lies more often in suggestion and stimulation than in finality.”
“In spite of an evidently conscientious desire on the part of the collaborators to do justice to the world-famous capital of the Ottoman Empire ... it can scarcely be claimed that the result is a complete success, either from the artistic or the literary point of view.”
“Such care has been taken to connect the pictures and the text, that one scarcely knows whether the text was made to fit the pictures or the pictures to fit the text, but whichever it be the harmony is remarkable.”
“The print, the pictures, and the text vie with each other for commendation. Dr. van Millingen enriches the real importance of his descriptions by a readable and limpid style of writing, showing sane, individual judgment, competent study, and sympathetic interest.”
“The distinguished feature is the writing, the pictures are merely accessories, and too often not highly serviceable even in that capacity.”
“A volume which it is a pleasure both to read and to look at. The pictures are all good; some are quite excellent.”
Van Norden, Charles.Jesus: an unfinished portrait. *$1. Funk.
Thirty-five years of study and reflection on the career of Jesus are summed up in these pages. It is the aim of the author to present the real Man from the standpoint of scientific accuracy. Following the introduction are the following subdivisions: The author’s point of view, How Jesus discovered his mission, What Jesus taught, The Master’s method and personality and Reflection.
Van Vorst, Marie.Amanda of the mill: a novel. †$1.50. Dodd.
Reviewed by Mary Moss.
Van Vorst, Marie.Miss Desmond: an impression. †$1.50. Macmillan.
It was Balzac who created the heroine of thirty, and Marie Van Vorst has perpetuated the creation in her present fiction study. Miss Desmond is of the Puritan type, and after burying thirty-two years in her shut-away New England garden, finds herself unexpectedly expanding under the influence of the new life at a Swiss resort while chaperoning the daughter of her handsome and much talked-of sister. The threads of the story begin to tangle when the increasingly radiant Miss Desmond becomes her sister’s rival, and yields to the enchantment in spite of the fact that Robert Bedford has not an unblemished reputation.
“Neither the plot nor the characters are strikingly original.”
“The development of the theme is dramatic, though at times a little unsure; and the characterization is uncommonly delicate and significant.”
“Her ‘study’ of Miss Desmond’s transformation is accomplished brilliantly, with a few bold strokes.”
“There are, indeed one or two faults of taste in the book, which will not recommend it to the fastidious reader. But the analysis of character is well if rather pitilessly done, and the descriptions of the Swiss scenery amidst which the action passes are decidedly attractive. The book, however, is by no means on the same level as ‘Amanda of the mill.’”
Van Vorst, Marie.Sin of George Warrener. †$1.50. Macmillan.
“The worthless wife of the virtuous poor man, who is corrupted by a wealthy lover and ruins her meritorious husband” (Spec.) is the central figure in this story which “recognizes the influence of petty, sordid, every-day details upon the great mass of mediocre, plodding, average human lives.” (Bookm.)
“It is a repulsive theme, and we cannot feel that anything in this author’s treatment justifies its revival.”
“Is ... entitled to serious recognition, virile in its frankness, but very feminine in its subtle discernment.” Frederic Taber Cooper.
“The chief fault of the book is that the psychological element has so far dominated all the other elements of the novel that were that part of it to be removed there would practically be nothing else.”
“This unflinching realism, combined with a certain forcefulness of presentation, impels a reluctant sort of admiration for the book, despite a diction that is slovenly to the point of exasperation.” Wm. M. Payne.
“This story is well conceived and ably written, but it is not elevating.”
“The story, though always readable, had been almost a failure, had not the character of Mrs. Warrener, developed from some quality of will from shallow stupidity to an almost triumphant independence, held and mastered the interest throughout.”
“The very evident literary force and skill that have gone into the writing of ‘The sin of George Warrener’ only make one the more regretful that Miss Van Vorst should use her talents in behalf of such a sordid, unpleasant group of beings as are there depicted. Incidentally it may be mentioned that Miss Van Vorst is exceedingly fond of split infinitives and is far from avoiding other inaccuracies and inelegancies of style.”
“The book will neither corrupt the morals nor engage the mind of any reader who knows how these subjects are treated by great writers.”
“There are many faults of construction in the book: there are many faults of style, for at times the writing is painfully slipshod; but for the working out of the conception we have nothing but praise.”
Vaughan, Rev. John.Wild flowers of Selborne, and other papers. **$1.50. Lane.
“A book which deserves a place beside Gilbert White’s “Natural history of Selborne” written over a century ago. There is in Rector Vaughan’s book a happy mingling of plants and people. Following a chapter on “The wild flowers of Selborne” is a chatty sketch of White himself; and then follow in succession the chapters on the use of Simples, Pot-herbs, Wild fruits, Wall-flowers, Poisonous plants, and so on, until we come to the essays on Mary Rich, Countess of Warwick, Izaak Walton at Droxford, and French prisoners at Portchester.” (Nation.)
“The literary charm of the book is marked, and it is altogether a work of distinction and value.” Sara Andrew Shafer.
“Whoever obtains this volume as an accession to his library of Whiteana may possibly be disappointed, but nevertheless will get his money’s worth in cheerful gossip about matters that certainly would have interested Gilbert White.”
“This is in truth a delightful book, set apart and above so much of the rural reporting of the day, by keen observation, a clearness of narrative, and distinct literary quality.” Mabel Osgood Wright.
Vaux, Patrick.Shock of battle, †$1.50. Putnam.
“A war between Great Britain and Germany, supposed to take place after the opening of the Panama canal, serves as an opportunity to develop the horrible scenes of a twentieth century conflict. Political causes are merely touched upon and the author confines himself to the presentation of the actual battles, in which even the trained and scientific fighters of this century fall back to a certain degree upon their primal instincts. This record of a naval battle bounds in pictures so revolting and at the same time so realistic that it brings home once more the terrible discrepancy between the methods of modern warfare and the ideals of our civilization.”—Outlook.
“He writes with animation and vividness. As a piece of imaginative journalism the book may rank about with Mr. Well’s prophetic flights.”
“There is very little plot, however, and what power there is in the book lies in the descriptions of the fights between the battleships.”
“The writer has produced not only a successful narrative, but a number of vigorous descriptions, excellent in themselves and contributing to the tensity of the situations.”
+ |Outlook.84: 92. S. 8, ’06. 150w.
Vay de Vaya and Luskod, Count.Empires and emperors of Russia, China, Korea, and Japan, notes and recollections.**$4. Dutton.
“Count Vay de Vaya ... early in life devoted himself to the work of the Roman Catholic church. A study of its missions and various organizations has taken him into all parts of the world and his unique experiences are told with unusual simplicity and charm.... The main part of the present volume was written on the eve of the Russo-Japanese war, and apart from the descriptions of the ‘traditions, quaint customs, and picturesque features of the land’ (of which he has the artistic perception) Count Vay de Vaya interprets the more fundamental social, political, and religious conditions existing in the Far East, which are of special interest just at this period.”—Outlook.
“Few of the author’s statements go above the level of those of the average hasty traveller who accepts uncritically any story which is interesting. Yet, despite these criticisms, the style of the author is easy and his text entertaining. The average reader will surely be delighted with these experiences of a gentleman of kindly heart who adds to a pleasing style the graces of a cosmopolitan traveller.”
“He hardly provides much that is new, striking or significant. On the other hand he does provide much that is interesting though he is sometimes extraordinarily dull, and the hasty manner in which his notes have been thrown together leads to tedious repetitions.”
“Interesting and valuable studies.”
“The merit of this book lies in the author’s faculties of observation and brilliant description. He is an artist by temperament.”
Vedder, Henry Clay.Balthasar Hubmaier. **$1.35. Putnam.
The latest addition to the “Heroes of the reformation” series gives the history of Hübmaier’s life, his devotion to the Anabaptist cause, his doctrines, and his martyr death. The material has been gathered from Hübmaier’s own writings and a German life by Dr. Johann Loserth.
“Dr. Vedder’s treatment in the book under review is sympathetic, but with conscientious regard for the facts, which are stated with clearness, candor, and accuracy.” Albert J. Ramaker.
“With its numerous illustrations the book gives an interesting picture of certain phases of the great protestant reformation not to be found elsewhere.”
Venable, William Mayo.Garbage crematories in America. $2. Wiley.
While the main portion of Mr. Venable’s treatment has to do with the subject of incineration, he deals briefly with quantities of refuse to be handled and with systems of the collection of city wastes. “As a whole, Mr. Venable’s book presents some of the fundamental principles governing, or which should govern, garbage and refuse furnaces, and outlines in a useful manner the various types of American furnaces.” (Engin. N.)
“On the sanitary phases of refuse disposal Mr. Venable is quite unsatisfactory. As a whole Mr. Venable’s book presents some of the fundamental principles governing, or which should govern, garbage and refuse furnaces, and outlines in a useful manner the various types of American furnaces.”
Ver Beck, Frank (William Francis).Ver Beck’s book of bears; some of the lines were thought out by Hanna Rion, others by Hayden Carruth, the worst ones by Frank Ver Beck, the best ones by the bear himself. †$1.50. Lippincott.
A “bear” book in which the spirited illustrations put a whole bear family, if not through Jiu Jitsu, at least thru acrobatic and pugilistic performances which are marvelous as to expertness.
“Is chiefly pictorial in its appeal, for the comment in verse and prose is not half so telling as the illustrations which it accompanies.”
“The child will be hard to please indeed who cannot find hours of delight in the volume.”
Verrall, Arthur Woolgar.Essays on four plays of Euripides: Andromache, Helen, Heracles, Orestes. *$2.25. Macmillan.
“In ‘Euripides the rationalist’ Dr. Verrall dealt with his author on broad lines; here he takes four of his plays, veritable puzzles, and after showing the absurdity of the common interpretations of them, offers new ones of his own, based on the general view of the poet’s genius which he has formed. He claims to have found for these four plays interpretations reasonable and consistent, in place of the only possible alternative, the assumption that as dramas they are complete failures.”—Ath.
“The notes are of the characteristic Verrallian type, brilliant and scholarly in the highest degree, but fantastic and unconvincing.” R. Y. Tyrrell.
“We must offer our congratulations to Dr. Verrall on the admirable clearness with which he states and analyzes the intricate plots.”
“By a chance, fortunate for Euripides and his readers, we have ... a second instalment ... of Dr. Verrall’s prose studies of the poet. That amounts to saying that the brightest and most ingenious exponent of the ‘true inwardness’ of Euripides as poet and dramatist and the most poetical of living translators have simultaneously helped forward a now winning cause—the rehabilitation of Euripides.”
“The new volume is written with the acuteness and scholarship, the excessive ingenuity, the sensational manner of the old. Dr. Verrall is a thorough scholar, and no one can read him without profit. It is his method, not his knowledge that is at fault.”
“One may not always agree with his conclusions, some of them are very daring, one must give them consideration for the sake of the ability, sincerity and enthusiasm which he displays in arriving at them.”
“[Dr. Verrall] is so ingeniously intricate in his arguments, he weaves into them so many curious facts and acute observations, he so intertwines exact details with fine-spun fancies, that to put even some of his conclusions simply is no easy task, while any close criticism of his reasoning would need not an article but a volume.”
Vesey, Arthur Henry.Castle of lies. †$1.50. Appleton.
A young man branded a coward because he did not risk his life to rescue a friend who had fallen over a precipice is the hero of a stormy tale rife with intrigue and hair-breadth escapes. He is led to believe that he may retrieve his former self respect by saving a life for the life lost. “The story is around the love of an American for an English girl. The title of the book is from the castle owned by the villain of the story, a countess, who, for political reasons, spirits away an ambassador, the brother of the heroine, and kidnaps the hero.” (N. Y. Times.)
“The whole thing is a tissue of glaring improbabilities strung together with no regard for sequence.”
Vetch, Robert Hamilton, ed. Life of Lt.-Gen. the Hon. Sir Andrew Clarke; with a pref. by Sir G. S. Clarke. **$4. Dutton.
Sir Andrew Clarke of “the shrewd eye for capable men” deserves a biography “if only as an example of how the servants of the empire are made.” “To have played a part in the early struggles of two of the Australasian colonies, to have undertaken engineering works on a large scale, to have settled complex native problems in the Straits settlements and to have served on the Viceroy’s Council would have been enough for most men; but Sir Andrew Clarke was a man of such unceasing activity that these achievements were but a part of his career, and the training which he obtained in thus serving his country abroad only fitted him the better for becoming at home Commandantof the School of military engineering and Inspector-General of fortifications.” (Acad.)
“The volume in which this story is told is judiciously edited.”
“The book, which contains some interesting portraits, illustrations, and maps, is full of information as to persons, places, and events; but it is wanting in individual human interest. It is rather a record than a well-digested biography.”
“The life of this civilian in the army is admirably told by Col. Vetch.”
“A very able and judicious biographer he is. Colonel Vetch’s lucidly written, informing, and detailed biography deserves to be, and doubtless will be, considered an authority on the matter in, and the system by, which the British Empire was extended and consolidated in the nineteenth century.”
Villari, Luigi, ed. Balkan question. *$3. Dutton.
Vincent, Leon Henry.American literary masters. **$2. Houghton.
Each of the nineteen chapters in this volume treats of the life and works of some American author of the period 1809–1860. The writers considered are: Irving, Bryant, Cooper, Longfellow, Poe, Bancroft, Prescott, Hawthorne, Whittier, Holmes, Motley, Emerson, Thoreau, Taylor, Mitchell, Curtis, Lowell, Whitman and Parkman.
“Mr. Vincent is clear, concise and definite, without being dry.”
“The work is pleasing in style, and provides much systematically-ordered information.”
“He writes to instruct, but has the happy inspiration of retaining all the graces which he displays for the fastidious.”
“Among recent works of its kind we have seen none likely to be more useful.”
“But he has done his work conservatively and well.”
Vinogradoff, Paul.Growth of the manor. *$2.50. Macmillan.
“To the special student of the period.... The book is indispensable; while, on account of its breadth of treatment and its suggestive quality, it ought also to be welcomed by a far wider circle. The book is by no means conclusive. So little evidence is adduced in support of large generalizations that the author often fails to convince.” Frances G. Davenport.
“In spite of these criticisms we cannot but admire the comprehensive knowledge of the history of the land tenure shown in this book, covering, as it does, a period of over a thousand years, and dealing with systems so different as those of the Romans, the Celts, the Saxons, and the Normans. English historical students must acknowledge their indebtedness to Professor Vinogradoff for the labour he has spent on the elucidation of the ancient institutions of our country.” F. G. M. Beck.
Reviewed by Charles Beard.
“A book which is, without question, the most important treatise now available for students and scholars who seek a knowledge of the subject. The style is simple and clear, and except for the arrangement of paragraphs, which run unbroken sometimes for three pages or more, no criticism can be passed on the construction of the book.” C. D.
Vizetelly, Francis (Frank) Horace.Deskbook of errors in English. *75c. Funk.
The author’s object is to correct careless diction and to point out common errors and vulgarisms that have crept into our language so that his readers may acquire refined speech by learning what to avoid. To this end he has arranged those words which are most often incorrectly used in alphabetical order, including slang and colloquialisms, and has given each a concise note in explaining its use and misuse.
“As an interesting, convenient, and not in the least academic desk manual, the book will go far to show the busy men the value of a ready precise use of good words in neat, unmistakable relations.”
Vizetelly, Francis (Frank) Horace.Preparation of manuscripts for the printer. *75c. Funk.
“This is a work that should be possessed by all persons with literary aspirations. It is also a treatise that will materially aid the practical culture of the general reader.”
Vries, Hugo de.Species and varieties: their origin by mutation: lectures delivered at the University of California; ed. by Daniel Trembly MacDougal. *$5. Open ct.
“Ranks with the most important on its subject which have thus far appeared.”
Vye, J. A.Farm accounts: a manual for farmers and those desiring a simple method of keeping accounts. $1.25. J. A. Vye. St. Anthony Park, St. Paul.
A manual prepared for the classes of the School of agriculture of the Minnesota university, and adapted to the needs of high schools and business colleges.