Friends.

Friends.The Friends are found in most of the states in the Union, and some in the British Provinces. They are most numerous in Pennsylvania, a state first settled by them, under their worthy head and father, in this country,William Penn, in 1682.In England and Ireland, they number about fifty thousand; and in America, about two hundred thousand, and are divided into four hundred and fifty congregations. About half are Orthodox, and the other half Hicksites, or followers ofElias Hicks, who died at Jericho, N. Y. in 1830, aged 76.Jews.The number of Jews in the United States is estimated at about four thousand. They have synagogues in Newport, R. I., the cities of New York, Philadelphia, Charleston, S. C., and in other parts of the country. Their mode of worship is exceedingly interesting. With regard to the number of this people in the world, Blackwood's Magazine says:—“The statistics of the Jewish population are among the most singular circumstances of this most singular of all people. Under all their calamities and dispersions, they seem to have remained at nearly the same amount as in the days of David and Solomon—never much more in prosperity, never much less after ages of suffering. Nothing like this has occurred in the history of any other race; Europe in general having doubled its population within the last hundred years, and England nearly tripled hers within the last half century; the proportion of America being still more rapid, and the world crowding in a constantly-increasing ratio. Yet the Jews seem to stand still in this vast and general movement. The population of Judea, in its most palmy days, probably did not exceed, if it reached, four millions. The numbers who entered Palestine from the wilderness, were evidently not much more than three; and their census, according to the German statists, who are generally considered to be exact, is now nearly the same as that of the people under Moses—about three millions.”On the above, Judge Noah, of New York, a learned Jew, remarks:—[pg 320]“We apprehend there is some error in the above statistics, and that the number of Jews throughout the world may be estimated at nearer six millions than three. There are more than a million in Poland and Russia; in all Asia, there are full two millions; half a million in Austria; in the Barbary States and Africa, a million; in all Europe, two millions and a half. We do not think, during the most splendid periods of Jewish history, that they ever exceeded four millions; but then their colonies and countries held tributary in Europe and Asia, amounted to many millions more. For example, at one period all Spain paid tribute to King Solomon; and all Spain and Portugal, at this day, are descendants of the Jews and Moors; and there are many thousands of Jews, in both those countries, now adhering in secret to the ancient faith of their fathers, while outwardly professing the Catholic religion. All the familiar Spanish and Portuguese names—Lopez, Mendez, Carvalho, Fonseca, Rodrigues, Peirara, Azavedo, Montefiores, &c. &c.—are of Jewish origin. Their numbers, therefore, will never be accurately known until the restoration, when thousands who, from convenience and pride, and some from apprehension, conceal their religion, will be most eager to avow it when their nation takes rank among the governments of the earth.”Lutherans.The government of the Lutherans is somewhat singular. Where it is established by law, the supreme head of the state is also supreme head of the church. They have bishops, but no diocesan episcopacy, except in Denmark and Sweden. These are calledsuperintendentsin Germany, andpresidentsin the United States. There is butonearchbishop, and he is the primate of Sweden.They have in the United States about one thousand churches, four hundred ministers, seventy thousand communing members, and about one hundred and forty thousand which do not commune.Education, &c.—They have a college, located at Gettysburg, Pa., and several academies in different parts of the country; also four theological seminaries, located at Gettysburg, Pa.; Columbus, Ohio; Lexington, S. C.; Hartwich, N. Y., a fifth is contemplated in Indiana. Their different education societies support about eighty beneficiaries, preparing for the ministry, at an expense of one hundred dollars each, annually. TheLutheran Observeris published weekly, at Baltimore.The Lutherans are one of the most numerous sects of Christians in the world. The whole number in Europe is estimated at twenty-seven millions, embracing seventeen reigning sovereigns. This estimate, of course, includes the Moravians.[pg 321]Protestant Methodists.This infant church is rapidly increasing, especially in the middle States. Its population in the United States exceeds one hundred and fifty thousand.This class of Christians have twenty-one annual conferences in as many states; nearly four hundred travelling, and a large number of unstationed ministers. They have a general conference, which meets once in four years, consisting of two delegates from every thousand communicants, one a minister, the other a layman: this is their legislative body. The number of communicants is about sixty-five thousand.Publications.The Protestant Methodists support four religious papers:—theOlive Branch, Boston, Mass.; theNew York Luminary, New York, theMethodist Protestant, Baltimore, Md., and theWestern Recorder, Zanesville, Ohio.Methodists.The population of all denominations of Methodists in the United States exceeds three millions.Publications.—TheChristian Advocate and Journal, New York city;Zion's Herald and Wesleyan Journal, Boston, Mass.;Northern Advocate, Auburn, N. Y.;Christian Repository, Philadelphia, Pa.;Richmond Christian Advocate, Richmond, Va.;Southern Christian Advocate, Charleston, S. C.;South-Western Christian Advocate, Nashville, Tenn.;Pittsburg Christian Advocate, Pittsburg, Pa.;Western Christian Advocate, and theChristian Apologist, a German paper, Cincinnati, Ohio.There is also published by this denomination, theMethodist Quarterly Review, New York city;Ladies' Repository, (monthly,) Cincinnati, Ohio;Guide to Christian Perfection, (monthly,) Boston, Mass.,Sunday School Advocate, (semi-monthly,) New York city;Sabbath School Messenger, (semi-monthly,) Boston, Mass. The Methodists have ten colleges, and thirty academies.In the Methodist church in Canada, are two weekly newspapers viz.,Christian Guardian, Toronto, U. C.;The Wesleyan, Montreal, L. C.From the“Minutes of the Annual Conferences of the Methodist Episcopal Church, for the Year 1840,”we copy the following table:—[pg 322]Conferences, Ministers, &c.Conferences.Whites.Colored.Indians.Total Com.Trav. Prs.Troy24,4887824,566144New England22,31923522,554157New Hampshire20,08420,084151Pittsburg35,27647435,750136Maine22,35922,359145Black River15,9082715,93596Erie17,8605017,910107Oneida22,9096522,974142Michigan11,308128711,40774Rock River6,51921456,58575Genesee27,9315027,981162North Ohio23,5949121323,89895Ohio53,62166254,283168Illinois24,6078024,687103Missouri12,3861,22438213,99266Kentucky30,6796,32137,000114Tennessee21,6754,40526,08095Indiana52,20840752,615156Memphis12,4971,99514,49269Arkansas4,2287251,5246,47941Holston25,9022,42028,32268Mississippi8,4334,1786712,67881North Carolina15,9834,48020,46361Texas1,6232301,85319Alabama19,4915,82125,31287South Carolina26,94530,48157,426102Virginia21,8413,08624,92794Georgia28,8689,98938,857127Baltimore42,78913,90456,693182Philadelphia35,0948,77843,872128New Jersey22,73354223,275108New York36,28440536,689215Liberia Mission92292219Total, 1840748,442102,1582,318852,9183,587Total, 1842796,495107,2512,617906,3633,846Presbyterians.The Protestant faith was introduced into Scotland about 1527; and about 1592 Andrew Melville effected the introduction of the Presbyterian form of church polity. This form, through much persecution, and even bloodshed, has been maintained ever since. Its creed is Calvinistic. This church has nearly a thousand ministers, and about[pg 323]one million five hundred thousand church members. It is the established religion of Scotland, sustained by law. There are also several bodies of dissenting Presbyterians in Scotland.Presbyterianism was first introduced into England by those Christians who returned from Frankfort, after the death of Queen Mary. For a time, it flourished, but at length lapsed into Socinianism. There are, however, a few churches in England still pure, which are in fellowship with the Scotch Presbyterians.This denomination began its organized existence in America about the year 1700, and is the offspring of the church of Scotland. Its first ministers were Rev. Francis McKemie, and the Rev. John Hampton, who labored in Virginia.The first church of this order was organized in Philadelphia, 1703, the first presbytery, 1704, and the first synod in 1716. Since that time, they have steadily increased, and their number in 1840 was ninety-six presbyteries, twelve hundred and thirty-two ministers, eighteen hundred and twenty-three churches, and one hundred and fifty-two thousand four hundred and fifty-one communicants.The Presbyterians are found chiefly in the Middle, Western, and Southern States. The number of people attached to this form of church government in the United States, is supposed to exceed two millions.Education.—Within the bounds of the church there are thirteen theological seminaries, three of which are under the care of the General Assembly. They have a board of education, which has about four hundred young men in training for the ministry.The Calvinistic publications announce their sentiments.In 1837, a division arose in the Presbyterian church, into Old and New Schools, in consequence of variant views of doctrine and discipline. The friends of the New School were exscinded, or cut off, from the old church, but still claim to be the General Assembly of the Presbyterian church. Unfortunately, the difficulty is not settled; we cannot, therefore, give the strength of the parties.Other Presbyterian Communities.The Associate Presbyterians have about one hundred ministers, one hundred and ninety congregations, and twenty thousand communicants. They are principally found south and west of the Hudson River.The Reformed Presbyterians, or Covenanters, are located principally in Ohio. They have about thirty ministers, fifty congregations, and four thousand communicants.[pg 324]The Associate Reformed have about one hundred and twenty-five ministers, more than two hundred congregations, and about fifteen thousand communicants. They are located principally in Pennsylvania.Reformed Dutch Church.This church comprises one general synod, and two particular synods; one at New York, and another at Albany. The two synods comprise eighteen classes, about two hundred ministers, two hundred churches, twenty-seven thousand communicants, and a population of about one hundred and thirty thousand. This denomination of Christians is found almost entirely in the first settlements in the states of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.TheChristian Intelligencer, published at New York, advocates the principles of this church.Roman Catholics.This denomination is spread over every section of the United States and the British Provinces. They form, it is stated, more than three fourths of the population of the Canadas. They are also found in large numbers in the Provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. In this Union, they are most numerous in the Middle States; but in consequence of the great influx of this people into North America, and their frequent change of location, it is utterly impossible to state their numbers, in each state, with any degree of accuracy. Their number in the United States is variously stated from five hundred thousand to one million five hundred thousand. Their number, probably, is not less than eight hundred thousand, nor more than one million two hundred thousand. The population of Canada, in 1840, was at least one million.The first Roman Catholics that came to this country were from England, under Lord Baltimore, a Catholic nobleman, in 1634. They settled the state of Maryland; and, much to their honor, while some of the Protestant provinces were persecuting all those who differed from them on religious subjects, the Catholic Marylanders protected all sects that were moral and civil in their deportment.We copy from the“Metropolitan Catholic Almanac and Laity's Directory for 1841”the following statistical table:—[pg 325]Statistics of the Catholic Church in the United StatesDiocese.Churches and Chapels.Clergymen in the Ministry.Clergymen otherwise employed.Eccl. Inst.Clerical Students.Baltimore683831452Richmond76100Philadelphia91572122New York64651114Boston3031000Detroit2517100Cincinnati383421Vincennes2725519Du Buque58000St Louis565023230Bardstown4026251Nashville16012New Orleans38391119Natchez12Mobile7127Charleston1420046Total51243610917144Diocese.Literary Inst. for young Men.Young Men in College.Female Religious Inst.Female Academ.Pupils in Female Academ.Baltimore563359530Richmond0003100Philadelphia2600130New York102120Boston16011Detroit111Cincinnati12270Vincennes1501150Du Buque101St Louis33201010640Bardstown3300310528Nashville1000New Orleans110044526Natchez00Mobile2702260Charleston122128Total24159331492782The sacred college of cardinals has fifty-seven members. The total number is seventy.There are twelve patriarchs in the Christian world. The archbishops and bishops amount to six hundred and seventy-one. The vicars apostolic in different countries are fifty-seven in number, besides whom there are thirty-eight coadjutor-bishops, making the grand total of the Catholic episcopacy amount to seven hundred and sixty-six bishops.Catholic Periodicals.—TheUnited States Catholic Miscellany, published weekly in Charleston, S. C.; theCatholic Telegraph, published weekly in Cincinnati, Ohio; theCatholic Herald, published weekly in Philadelphia; theCatholic Advocate, published weekly in Bardstown, Ky.;Der Wahrheit's Freund, (German paper,) published weekly in Cincinnati, Ohio; theNew York Catholic Register, published weekly in the city of New York;Ordo divini Officii recitandi,Missæque celebrandæ, juxta Rubricas Breviarii ac Missalis Romani, published annually in Baltimore; theYoung Catholic's Magazine, enlarged series, published on the first of each month, in New York.At the time of the reformation, 1517, papal power, or the power of the pope of Rome, had acquired so great a spiritual dominion over the minds and consciences of men, that all Europe submitted to it with implicit obedience. At the present day, the Roman Catholic religion[pg 326]prevails, more or less, in every country in Christendom. Its population is stated to exceed eighty millions. It is the established religion of Austria, France, Portugal, and Spain, and of thirteen other states in Europe.Popes of Rome.16A. D.33. St. Peter, martyred.66. St. Linus, martyred.67. St. Clement, abdicated.77. St. Cletus, martyred.83. St. Anaclitus.96. St. Evaristus, coadjutor to the former, martyred.108. St. Alexander I., martyred.117. St. Sixtus I., martyred.127. Telesphorus, martyred.138. Hygenus, martyred. The first calledpope.142. Pius I., martyred.150. Anicetus, martyred.162. Soter.171. Eleutherius, martyred.185. Victor I., martyred.197. Zephyrinus, martyred.217. Calixtus I., martyred.222. Urban I., martyred.230. Pontianus, martyred.235. Anterus, martyred.236. Fabian, martyred.236. Novatianus, antipope.250. Cornelius, beheaded.252. Lucius I., martyred.254. Stephen I., martyred.257. Sixtus II., coadjutor to the former, martyred.259. Dionysius.269. Felix I.274. Eutychianus.283. Caius.295. Marcellinus, martyred.304. Marcellus I., martyred.310. Eusebius, martyred.310. Melchiades, coadjutor to the former.314. Sylvester.336. Marcus.337. Julius I.352. Liberius, banished.356. Felix II., antipope.358. Liberius, again, abdicated.358. Felix became legal pope but was killed by Liberius.359. Liberius, again.366. Damasius.385. Siricius.399. Anastasius.401. Innocent I.417. Zosimus.418. Boniface I.422. Celestinus I.432. Sixtus III.440. Leo I., the Great.461. Hilary.468. Simplicius.483. Felix III.492. Gelasius.496. Anastasius II.498. Symmachus.514. Hormisdas.523. John I., died in prison at Ravenna.526. Felix IV.530. Boniface II.533. John II.535. Agapetus.536. Sylvester; he was made prisoner by the antipope Vigilius, who enjoyed the papacy.538. Vigilius, banished, and restored.555. Pelagius I.560. John III.574. Benedict I.578. Pelagius II.590. Gregory the Great.604. Sabiamus.606. Boniface III.608. Boniface IV.615. Deusdedit.618. Boniface V.624. Honorius I.640. Severinus.640. John IV.642. Theodorus.649. Martin I., starved to death.654, Eugenius I.657. Vitalianus.672. Adeodatus.676. Donus.679. Agatho.682. Leo II.684. Benedict II.685. John V.686. Conon.686. Theodore and Pascan, antipopes.687. Sergius.701. John VI.705. John VII.708. Sisinnius.708. Constantine.715. Gregory II.731. Gregory III.741. Zacharias.752. Stephen II., governed only four days.752. Stephen III.757. Paul I.768. Stephen IV.792. Adrian I.795. Leo III.816. Stephen V.817. Paschal I.824. Eugenius II.827. Valentinus.828. Gregory IV.844. Sergius II.847. Leo IV.855. Benedict III.858. Nicholas I.867. Adrian II.872. John VIII.882. Martin II.883. Adrian III.885. Stephen VI.891. Formosus.896. Boniface VI.897. Romanus, antipope.897. Stephen VII.898. Theodorus II., governed twenty-two days.898. John IX.900. Benedict IV.904. Leo V., killed by Christiphilus.905. Sergius III.913. Anastasius III.914. Laudo.915. John X., was stifled.928. Leo VI.929. Stephen VIII.931. John XI.936. Leo VII.939. Stephen IX.943. Martin III.946. Agapetus II.956. John XII.963. Leo VIII., turned out.964. Benedict V., banished.964. Leo VIII.965. Benedict V., again.965. John XIII.972. Benedict VI.974. Domus.975. Benedict VII.975. Boniface VII.984. John XIV.985. John XV., died before consecration.986. John XVI.996. Gregory V.999. Silvester II.1003. John XVI.1004. John XVII.1009. Sergius VI.1012. Benedict VIII.1024. John XVIII.1033. Benedict IX., deposed.1045. Gregory VI.1046. Clement II.1047. Benedict IX., again, abdicated.1048. Damasius II.1049. Leo IX.1055. Victor II.1057. Stephen X.1058. Nicholas II.1061. Alexander II.1073. Gregory VII.1086. Victor III., poisoned1088. Urban II.1099. Paschal II.1118. Gelasius II.1119. Calixtus II.1124. Honorius II.1130. Innocent II.1143. Cælestine II.1144. Lucius II.1145. Eugenius III.1153. Anastasius IV., a short time.1154. Adrian IV., choked by a fly as he was drinking.1159. Alexander III.1181. Lucius III.1185. Urban III.1187. Gregory VIII.1187. Clement III.1191. Cælestine III.1198. Innocent III.1216. Honorius III.1227. Gregory IX.1241. Cælestine IV.1243. Innocent IV.1254. Alexander IV.1261. Urban IV.1265. Clement IV.1271. Gregory X.1276. Innocent V.1276. Adrian V.1276. Vicedominus, died the next day.1276. John XIX., killed by the fall of his chamber at Viterbium.1277. Nicholas III.1281. Martin IV.1285. Honorius IV.1288. Nicholas IV.1294. Cælestine V.1294. Boniface VIII.1303. Benedict XI.1305. Clement V.1316. John XX.1334. Benedict XII.1342. Clement VI.1352. Innocent VI.1362. Urban V.1370. Gregory XI.1378. Urban VI.1389. Boniface IX.1404. Innocent VII.1406. Gregory XII., deposed.1409. Alexander V.1410. John XXI.1417. Martin V.1431. Eugenius IV.1455. Calixtus III.1458. Pius II.1464. Paul II.1476. Sixtus IV.1484. Innocent VIII.1492. Alexander VI.1503. Pius III.1503. Julius II.1513. Leo X.1522. Adrian VI.1523. Clement VII.1534. Paul III.1550. Julius III.1555. Marcellus II.1555. Paul IV.1559. Pius IV.1566. Pius V.1572. Gregory XIII.1585. Sixtus V.1590. Urban VII.1590. Gregory XIV.1591. Innocent IX.1592. Clement VIII.1605. Leo XI.1605. Paul V.1621. Gregory XV.1623. Urban VIII.1644. Innocent X.1655. Alexander VII.1667. Clement IX.1670. Clement X.1676. Innocent XI.1689. Alexander VIII.1691. Innocent XII.1700. Clement XI.1721. Innocent XIII.1724. Benedict XIII.1730. Clement XII.1740. Benedict XIV.1758. Clement XIII.1769. Clement XIV., poisoned.1775. Pius VI., February 14.1800. Cardinal Chiaramonte. elected at Venice, as Pius VII., March 13.1823. Annibal della Genga, Leo XII., Sept. 28.1831. Cardinal Mauro Capellari, as Gregory XVI., Feb. 2.The title ofpopewas originally given to all bishops. It was first adopted by Hygenus, A. D. 138; and Pope Boniface III. procured Phocas, emperor of the East, to confine it to the prelates of Rome, 606. By the connivance of Phocas, also, the pope's supremacy over the Christian church was established. The custom of kissing the pope's toe was introduced in 708. The first sovereign act of the popes of Rome was by Adrian I., who caused money to be coined with his name, 780. Servius II. was the first pope who changed his name, on his election, in 844. The first pope who kept an army was Leo IX., 1054. Gregory VII. obliged Henry IV., emperor of Germany, to stand three days, in the depth of winter, barefooted, at his castle gate, to implore his pardon 1077. The pope's authority was firmly fixed in England[pg 330]1079. Appeals from English tribunals to the pope were introduced 1154. Henry II. of England held the stirrup for Pope Alexander III. to mount his horse, 1161, and also for Becket, 1170.“When Louis, king of France, and Henry II. of England, met Pope Alexander III. at the castle of Torci, on the Loire, they both dismounted to receive him, and, holding each of them one of the reins of his bridle, walked on foot by his side, and conducted him in that submissive manner into the castle.”Pope Adrian IV. was the only Englishman that ever obtained the tiara. His arrogance was such, that he obliged Frederick I. to prostrate himself before him, kiss his foot, hold his stirrup, and lead the white palfrey on which he rode. Celestine III. kicked the emperor Henry VI.'s crown off his head while kneeling, to show his prerogative of making and unmaking kings, 1191. The pope collected the tenths of the whole kingdom of England, 1226. Appeals to Rome from England were abolished 1533. The words“Lord Pope”were struck out of all English books 1541. The papal authority declined about 1600. Kissing the pope's toe, and other ceremonies, were abolished by Clement XIV., 1773. The pope became destitute of all political influence in Europe, 1787. Pius VI. was burnt in effigy at Paris, 1791. He made submission to the French republic, 1796, was expelled from Rome, and deposed, February 22, 1798, and died at Valence, August 19, 1799. Pius VII. was elected in exile, March 13, 1800; he crowned Napoleon, December 2, 1804; was dethroned May 13, 1809; remained a prisoner at Fontainebleau till Napoleon's overthrow; and was restored May 24, 1814.

The Friends are found in most of the states in the Union, and some in the British Provinces. They are most numerous in Pennsylvania, a state first settled by them, under their worthy head and father, in this country,William Penn, in 1682.

In England and Ireland, they number about fifty thousand; and in America, about two hundred thousand, and are divided into four hundred and fifty congregations. About half are Orthodox, and the other half Hicksites, or followers ofElias Hicks, who died at Jericho, N. Y. in 1830, aged 76.

Jews.The number of Jews in the United States is estimated at about four thousand. They have synagogues in Newport, R. I., the cities of New York, Philadelphia, Charleston, S. C., and in other parts of the country. Their mode of worship is exceedingly interesting. With regard to the number of this people in the world, Blackwood's Magazine says:—“The statistics of the Jewish population are among the most singular circumstances of this most singular of all people. Under all their calamities and dispersions, they seem to have remained at nearly the same amount as in the days of David and Solomon—never much more in prosperity, never much less after ages of suffering. Nothing like this has occurred in the history of any other race; Europe in general having doubled its population within the last hundred years, and England nearly tripled hers within the last half century; the proportion of America being still more rapid, and the world crowding in a constantly-increasing ratio. Yet the Jews seem to stand still in this vast and general movement. The population of Judea, in its most palmy days, probably did not exceed, if it reached, four millions. The numbers who entered Palestine from the wilderness, were evidently not much more than three; and their census, according to the German statists, who are generally considered to be exact, is now nearly the same as that of the people under Moses—about three millions.”On the above, Judge Noah, of New York, a learned Jew, remarks:—[pg 320]“We apprehend there is some error in the above statistics, and that the number of Jews throughout the world may be estimated at nearer six millions than three. There are more than a million in Poland and Russia; in all Asia, there are full two millions; half a million in Austria; in the Barbary States and Africa, a million; in all Europe, two millions and a half. We do not think, during the most splendid periods of Jewish history, that they ever exceeded four millions; but then their colonies and countries held tributary in Europe and Asia, amounted to many millions more. For example, at one period all Spain paid tribute to King Solomon; and all Spain and Portugal, at this day, are descendants of the Jews and Moors; and there are many thousands of Jews, in both those countries, now adhering in secret to the ancient faith of their fathers, while outwardly professing the Catholic religion. All the familiar Spanish and Portuguese names—Lopez, Mendez, Carvalho, Fonseca, Rodrigues, Peirara, Azavedo, Montefiores, &c. &c.—are of Jewish origin. Their numbers, therefore, will never be accurately known until the restoration, when thousands who, from convenience and pride, and some from apprehension, conceal their religion, will be most eager to avow it when their nation takes rank among the governments of the earth.”

The number of Jews in the United States is estimated at about four thousand. They have synagogues in Newport, R. I., the cities of New York, Philadelphia, Charleston, S. C., and in other parts of the country. Their mode of worship is exceedingly interesting. With regard to the number of this people in the world, Blackwood's Magazine says:—

“The statistics of the Jewish population are among the most singular circumstances of this most singular of all people. Under all their calamities and dispersions, they seem to have remained at nearly the same amount as in the days of David and Solomon—never much more in prosperity, never much less after ages of suffering. Nothing like this has occurred in the history of any other race; Europe in general having doubled its population within the last hundred years, and England nearly tripled hers within the last half century; the proportion of America being still more rapid, and the world crowding in a constantly-increasing ratio. Yet the Jews seem to stand still in this vast and general movement. The population of Judea, in its most palmy days, probably did not exceed, if it reached, four millions. The numbers who entered Palestine from the wilderness, were evidently not much more than three; and their census, according to the German statists, who are generally considered to be exact, is now nearly the same as that of the people under Moses—about three millions.”

On the above, Judge Noah, of New York, a learned Jew, remarks:—

“We apprehend there is some error in the above statistics, and that the number of Jews throughout the world may be estimated at nearer six millions than three. There are more than a million in Poland and Russia; in all Asia, there are full two millions; half a million in Austria; in the Barbary States and Africa, a million; in all Europe, two millions and a half. We do not think, during the most splendid periods of Jewish history, that they ever exceeded four millions; but then their colonies and countries held tributary in Europe and Asia, amounted to many millions more. For example, at one period all Spain paid tribute to King Solomon; and all Spain and Portugal, at this day, are descendants of the Jews and Moors; and there are many thousands of Jews, in both those countries, now adhering in secret to the ancient faith of their fathers, while outwardly professing the Catholic religion. All the familiar Spanish and Portuguese names—Lopez, Mendez, Carvalho, Fonseca, Rodrigues, Peirara, Azavedo, Montefiores, &c. &c.—are of Jewish origin. Their numbers, therefore, will never be accurately known until the restoration, when thousands who, from convenience and pride, and some from apprehension, conceal their religion, will be most eager to avow it when their nation takes rank among the governments of the earth.”

Lutherans.The government of the Lutherans is somewhat singular. Where it is established by law, the supreme head of the state is also supreme head of the church. They have bishops, but no diocesan episcopacy, except in Denmark and Sweden. These are calledsuperintendentsin Germany, andpresidentsin the United States. There is butonearchbishop, and he is the primate of Sweden.They have in the United States about one thousand churches, four hundred ministers, seventy thousand communing members, and about one hundred and forty thousand which do not commune.Education, &c.—They have a college, located at Gettysburg, Pa., and several academies in different parts of the country; also four theological seminaries, located at Gettysburg, Pa.; Columbus, Ohio; Lexington, S. C.; Hartwich, N. Y., a fifth is contemplated in Indiana. Their different education societies support about eighty beneficiaries, preparing for the ministry, at an expense of one hundred dollars each, annually. TheLutheran Observeris published weekly, at Baltimore.The Lutherans are one of the most numerous sects of Christians in the world. The whole number in Europe is estimated at twenty-seven millions, embracing seventeen reigning sovereigns. This estimate, of course, includes the Moravians.

The government of the Lutherans is somewhat singular. Where it is established by law, the supreme head of the state is also supreme head of the church. They have bishops, but no diocesan episcopacy, except in Denmark and Sweden. These are calledsuperintendentsin Germany, andpresidentsin the United States. There is butonearchbishop, and he is the primate of Sweden.

They have in the United States about one thousand churches, four hundred ministers, seventy thousand communing members, and about one hundred and forty thousand which do not commune.

Education, &c.—They have a college, located at Gettysburg, Pa., and several academies in different parts of the country; also four theological seminaries, located at Gettysburg, Pa.; Columbus, Ohio; Lexington, S. C.; Hartwich, N. Y., a fifth is contemplated in Indiana. Their different education societies support about eighty beneficiaries, preparing for the ministry, at an expense of one hundred dollars each, annually. TheLutheran Observeris published weekly, at Baltimore.

The Lutherans are one of the most numerous sects of Christians in the world. The whole number in Europe is estimated at twenty-seven millions, embracing seventeen reigning sovereigns. This estimate, of course, includes the Moravians.

Protestant Methodists.This infant church is rapidly increasing, especially in the middle States. Its population in the United States exceeds one hundred and fifty thousand.This class of Christians have twenty-one annual conferences in as many states; nearly four hundred travelling, and a large number of unstationed ministers. They have a general conference, which meets once in four years, consisting of two delegates from every thousand communicants, one a minister, the other a layman: this is their legislative body. The number of communicants is about sixty-five thousand.Publications.The Protestant Methodists support four religious papers:—theOlive Branch, Boston, Mass.; theNew York Luminary, New York, theMethodist Protestant, Baltimore, Md., and theWestern Recorder, Zanesville, Ohio.

This infant church is rapidly increasing, especially in the middle States. Its population in the United States exceeds one hundred and fifty thousand.

This class of Christians have twenty-one annual conferences in as many states; nearly four hundred travelling, and a large number of unstationed ministers. They have a general conference, which meets once in four years, consisting of two delegates from every thousand communicants, one a minister, the other a layman: this is their legislative body. The number of communicants is about sixty-five thousand.

Publications.The Protestant Methodists support four religious papers:—theOlive Branch, Boston, Mass.; theNew York Luminary, New York, theMethodist Protestant, Baltimore, Md., and theWestern Recorder, Zanesville, Ohio.

Methodists.The population of all denominations of Methodists in the United States exceeds three millions.Publications.—TheChristian Advocate and Journal, New York city;Zion's Herald and Wesleyan Journal, Boston, Mass.;Northern Advocate, Auburn, N. Y.;Christian Repository, Philadelphia, Pa.;Richmond Christian Advocate, Richmond, Va.;Southern Christian Advocate, Charleston, S. C.;South-Western Christian Advocate, Nashville, Tenn.;Pittsburg Christian Advocate, Pittsburg, Pa.;Western Christian Advocate, and theChristian Apologist, a German paper, Cincinnati, Ohio.There is also published by this denomination, theMethodist Quarterly Review, New York city;Ladies' Repository, (monthly,) Cincinnati, Ohio;Guide to Christian Perfection, (monthly,) Boston, Mass.,Sunday School Advocate, (semi-monthly,) New York city;Sabbath School Messenger, (semi-monthly,) Boston, Mass. The Methodists have ten colleges, and thirty academies.In the Methodist church in Canada, are two weekly newspapers viz.,Christian Guardian, Toronto, U. C.;The Wesleyan, Montreal, L. C.From the“Minutes of the Annual Conferences of the Methodist Episcopal Church, for the Year 1840,”we copy the following table:—[pg 322]Conferences, Ministers, &c.Conferences.Whites.Colored.Indians.Total Com.Trav. Prs.Troy24,4887824,566144New England22,31923522,554157New Hampshire20,08420,084151Pittsburg35,27647435,750136Maine22,35922,359145Black River15,9082715,93596Erie17,8605017,910107Oneida22,9096522,974142Michigan11,308128711,40774Rock River6,51921456,58575Genesee27,9315027,981162North Ohio23,5949121323,89895Ohio53,62166254,283168Illinois24,6078024,687103Missouri12,3861,22438213,99266Kentucky30,6796,32137,000114Tennessee21,6754,40526,08095Indiana52,20840752,615156Memphis12,4971,99514,49269Arkansas4,2287251,5246,47941Holston25,9022,42028,32268Mississippi8,4334,1786712,67881North Carolina15,9834,48020,46361Texas1,6232301,85319Alabama19,4915,82125,31287South Carolina26,94530,48157,426102Virginia21,8413,08624,92794Georgia28,8689,98938,857127Baltimore42,78913,90456,693182Philadelphia35,0948,77843,872128New Jersey22,73354223,275108New York36,28440536,689215Liberia Mission92292219Total, 1840748,442102,1582,318852,9183,587Total, 1842796,495107,2512,617906,3633,846

The population of all denominations of Methodists in the United States exceeds three millions.

Publications.—TheChristian Advocate and Journal, New York city;Zion's Herald and Wesleyan Journal, Boston, Mass.;Northern Advocate, Auburn, N. Y.;Christian Repository, Philadelphia, Pa.;Richmond Christian Advocate, Richmond, Va.;Southern Christian Advocate, Charleston, S. C.;South-Western Christian Advocate, Nashville, Tenn.;Pittsburg Christian Advocate, Pittsburg, Pa.;Western Christian Advocate, and theChristian Apologist, a German paper, Cincinnati, Ohio.

There is also published by this denomination, theMethodist Quarterly Review, New York city;Ladies' Repository, (monthly,) Cincinnati, Ohio;Guide to Christian Perfection, (monthly,) Boston, Mass.,Sunday School Advocate, (semi-monthly,) New York city;Sabbath School Messenger, (semi-monthly,) Boston, Mass. The Methodists have ten colleges, and thirty academies.

In the Methodist church in Canada, are two weekly newspapers viz.,Christian Guardian, Toronto, U. C.;The Wesleyan, Montreal, L. C.

From the“Minutes of the Annual Conferences of the Methodist Episcopal Church, for the Year 1840,”we copy the following table:—

Conferences, Ministers, &c.

Presbyterians.The Protestant faith was introduced into Scotland about 1527; and about 1592 Andrew Melville effected the introduction of the Presbyterian form of church polity. This form, through much persecution, and even bloodshed, has been maintained ever since. Its creed is Calvinistic. This church has nearly a thousand ministers, and about[pg 323]one million five hundred thousand church members. It is the established religion of Scotland, sustained by law. There are also several bodies of dissenting Presbyterians in Scotland.Presbyterianism was first introduced into England by those Christians who returned from Frankfort, after the death of Queen Mary. For a time, it flourished, but at length lapsed into Socinianism. There are, however, a few churches in England still pure, which are in fellowship with the Scotch Presbyterians.This denomination began its organized existence in America about the year 1700, and is the offspring of the church of Scotland. Its first ministers were Rev. Francis McKemie, and the Rev. John Hampton, who labored in Virginia.The first church of this order was organized in Philadelphia, 1703, the first presbytery, 1704, and the first synod in 1716. Since that time, they have steadily increased, and their number in 1840 was ninety-six presbyteries, twelve hundred and thirty-two ministers, eighteen hundred and twenty-three churches, and one hundred and fifty-two thousand four hundred and fifty-one communicants.The Presbyterians are found chiefly in the Middle, Western, and Southern States. The number of people attached to this form of church government in the United States, is supposed to exceed two millions.Education.—Within the bounds of the church there are thirteen theological seminaries, three of which are under the care of the General Assembly. They have a board of education, which has about four hundred young men in training for the ministry.The Calvinistic publications announce their sentiments.In 1837, a division arose in the Presbyterian church, into Old and New Schools, in consequence of variant views of doctrine and discipline. The friends of the New School were exscinded, or cut off, from the old church, but still claim to be the General Assembly of the Presbyterian church. Unfortunately, the difficulty is not settled; we cannot, therefore, give the strength of the parties.

The Protestant faith was introduced into Scotland about 1527; and about 1592 Andrew Melville effected the introduction of the Presbyterian form of church polity. This form, through much persecution, and even bloodshed, has been maintained ever since. Its creed is Calvinistic. This church has nearly a thousand ministers, and about[pg 323]one million five hundred thousand church members. It is the established religion of Scotland, sustained by law. There are also several bodies of dissenting Presbyterians in Scotland.

Presbyterianism was first introduced into England by those Christians who returned from Frankfort, after the death of Queen Mary. For a time, it flourished, but at length lapsed into Socinianism. There are, however, a few churches in England still pure, which are in fellowship with the Scotch Presbyterians.

This denomination began its organized existence in America about the year 1700, and is the offspring of the church of Scotland. Its first ministers were Rev. Francis McKemie, and the Rev. John Hampton, who labored in Virginia.

The first church of this order was organized in Philadelphia, 1703, the first presbytery, 1704, and the first synod in 1716. Since that time, they have steadily increased, and their number in 1840 was ninety-six presbyteries, twelve hundred and thirty-two ministers, eighteen hundred and twenty-three churches, and one hundred and fifty-two thousand four hundred and fifty-one communicants.

The Presbyterians are found chiefly in the Middle, Western, and Southern States. The number of people attached to this form of church government in the United States, is supposed to exceed two millions.

Education.—Within the bounds of the church there are thirteen theological seminaries, three of which are under the care of the General Assembly. They have a board of education, which has about four hundred young men in training for the ministry.

The Calvinistic publications announce their sentiments.

In 1837, a division arose in the Presbyterian church, into Old and New Schools, in consequence of variant views of doctrine and discipline. The friends of the New School were exscinded, or cut off, from the old church, but still claim to be the General Assembly of the Presbyterian church. Unfortunately, the difficulty is not settled; we cannot, therefore, give the strength of the parties.

Other Presbyterian Communities.The Associate Presbyterians have about one hundred ministers, one hundred and ninety congregations, and twenty thousand communicants. They are principally found south and west of the Hudson River.The Reformed Presbyterians, or Covenanters, are located principally in Ohio. They have about thirty ministers, fifty congregations, and four thousand communicants.[pg 324]The Associate Reformed have about one hundred and twenty-five ministers, more than two hundred congregations, and about fifteen thousand communicants. They are located principally in Pennsylvania.

The Associate Presbyterians have about one hundred ministers, one hundred and ninety congregations, and twenty thousand communicants. They are principally found south and west of the Hudson River.

The Reformed Presbyterians, or Covenanters, are located principally in Ohio. They have about thirty ministers, fifty congregations, and four thousand communicants.

The Associate Reformed have about one hundred and twenty-five ministers, more than two hundred congregations, and about fifteen thousand communicants. They are located principally in Pennsylvania.

Reformed Dutch Church.This church comprises one general synod, and two particular synods; one at New York, and another at Albany. The two synods comprise eighteen classes, about two hundred ministers, two hundred churches, twenty-seven thousand communicants, and a population of about one hundred and thirty thousand. This denomination of Christians is found almost entirely in the first settlements in the states of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.TheChristian Intelligencer, published at New York, advocates the principles of this church.

This church comprises one general synod, and two particular synods; one at New York, and another at Albany. The two synods comprise eighteen classes, about two hundred ministers, two hundred churches, twenty-seven thousand communicants, and a population of about one hundred and thirty thousand. This denomination of Christians is found almost entirely in the first settlements in the states of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.

TheChristian Intelligencer, published at New York, advocates the principles of this church.

Roman Catholics.This denomination is spread over every section of the United States and the British Provinces. They form, it is stated, more than three fourths of the population of the Canadas. They are also found in large numbers in the Provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. In this Union, they are most numerous in the Middle States; but in consequence of the great influx of this people into North America, and their frequent change of location, it is utterly impossible to state their numbers, in each state, with any degree of accuracy. Their number in the United States is variously stated from five hundred thousand to one million five hundred thousand. Their number, probably, is not less than eight hundred thousand, nor more than one million two hundred thousand. The population of Canada, in 1840, was at least one million.The first Roman Catholics that came to this country were from England, under Lord Baltimore, a Catholic nobleman, in 1634. They settled the state of Maryland; and, much to their honor, while some of the Protestant provinces were persecuting all those who differed from them on religious subjects, the Catholic Marylanders protected all sects that were moral and civil in their deportment.We copy from the“Metropolitan Catholic Almanac and Laity's Directory for 1841”the following statistical table:—[pg 325]Statistics of the Catholic Church in the United StatesDiocese.Churches and Chapels.Clergymen in the Ministry.Clergymen otherwise employed.Eccl. Inst.Clerical Students.Baltimore683831452Richmond76100Philadelphia91572122New York64651114Boston3031000Detroit2517100Cincinnati383421Vincennes2725519Du Buque58000St Louis565023230Bardstown4026251Nashville16012New Orleans38391119Natchez12Mobile7127Charleston1420046Total51243610917144Diocese.Literary Inst. for young Men.Young Men in College.Female Religious Inst.Female Academ.Pupils in Female Academ.Baltimore563359530Richmond0003100Philadelphia2600130New York102120Boston16011Detroit111Cincinnati12270Vincennes1501150Du Buque101St Louis33201010640Bardstown3300310528Nashville1000New Orleans110044526Natchez00Mobile2702260Charleston122128Total24159331492782The sacred college of cardinals has fifty-seven members. The total number is seventy.There are twelve patriarchs in the Christian world. The archbishops and bishops amount to six hundred and seventy-one. The vicars apostolic in different countries are fifty-seven in number, besides whom there are thirty-eight coadjutor-bishops, making the grand total of the Catholic episcopacy amount to seven hundred and sixty-six bishops.Catholic Periodicals.—TheUnited States Catholic Miscellany, published weekly in Charleston, S. C.; theCatholic Telegraph, published weekly in Cincinnati, Ohio; theCatholic Herald, published weekly in Philadelphia; theCatholic Advocate, published weekly in Bardstown, Ky.;Der Wahrheit's Freund, (German paper,) published weekly in Cincinnati, Ohio; theNew York Catholic Register, published weekly in the city of New York;Ordo divini Officii recitandi,Missæque celebrandæ, juxta Rubricas Breviarii ac Missalis Romani, published annually in Baltimore; theYoung Catholic's Magazine, enlarged series, published on the first of each month, in New York.At the time of the reformation, 1517, papal power, or the power of the pope of Rome, had acquired so great a spiritual dominion over the minds and consciences of men, that all Europe submitted to it with implicit obedience. At the present day, the Roman Catholic religion[pg 326]prevails, more or less, in every country in Christendom. Its population is stated to exceed eighty millions. It is the established religion of Austria, France, Portugal, and Spain, and of thirteen other states in Europe.Popes of Rome.16A. D.33. St. Peter, martyred.66. St. Linus, martyred.67. St. Clement, abdicated.77. St. Cletus, martyred.83. St. Anaclitus.96. St. Evaristus, coadjutor to the former, martyred.108. St. Alexander I., martyred.117. St. Sixtus I., martyred.127. Telesphorus, martyred.138. Hygenus, martyred. The first calledpope.142. Pius I., martyred.150. Anicetus, martyred.162. Soter.171. Eleutherius, martyred.185. Victor I., martyred.197. Zephyrinus, martyred.217. Calixtus I., martyred.222. Urban I., martyred.230. Pontianus, martyred.235. Anterus, martyred.236. Fabian, martyred.236. Novatianus, antipope.250. Cornelius, beheaded.252. Lucius I., martyred.254. Stephen I., martyred.257. Sixtus II., coadjutor to the former, martyred.259. Dionysius.269. Felix I.274. Eutychianus.283. Caius.295. Marcellinus, martyred.304. Marcellus I., martyred.310. Eusebius, martyred.310. Melchiades, coadjutor to the former.314. Sylvester.336. Marcus.337. Julius I.352. Liberius, banished.356. Felix II., antipope.358. Liberius, again, abdicated.358. Felix became legal pope but was killed by Liberius.359. Liberius, again.366. Damasius.385. Siricius.399. Anastasius.401. Innocent I.417. Zosimus.418. Boniface I.422. Celestinus I.432. Sixtus III.440. Leo I., the Great.461. Hilary.468. Simplicius.483. Felix III.492. Gelasius.496. Anastasius II.498. Symmachus.514. Hormisdas.523. John I., died in prison at Ravenna.526. Felix IV.530. Boniface II.533. John II.535. Agapetus.536. Sylvester; he was made prisoner by the antipope Vigilius, who enjoyed the papacy.538. Vigilius, banished, and restored.555. Pelagius I.560. John III.574. Benedict I.578. Pelagius II.590. Gregory the Great.604. Sabiamus.606. Boniface III.608. Boniface IV.615. Deusdedit.618. Boniface V.624. Honorius I.640. Severinus.640. John IV.642. Theodorus.649. Martin I., starved to death.654, Eugenius I.657. Vitalianus.672. Adeodatus.676. Donus.679. Agatho.682. Leo II.684. Benedict II.685. John V.686. Conon.686. Theodore and Pascan, antipopes.687. Sergius.701. John VI.705. John VII.708. Sisinnius.708. Constantine.715. Gregory II.731. Gregory III.741. Zacharias.752. Stephen II., governed only four days.752. Stephen III.757. Paul I.768. Stephen IV.792. Adrian I.795. Leo III.816. Stephen V.817. Paschal I.824. Eugenius II.827. Valentinus.828. Gregory IV.844. Sergius II.847. Leo IV.855. Benedict III.858. Nicholas I.867. Adrian II.872. John VIII.882. Martin II.883. Adrian III.885. Stephen VI.891. Formosus.896. Boniface VI.897. Romanus, antipope.897. Stephen VII.898. Theodorus II., governed twenty-two days.898. John IX.900. Benedict IV.904. Leo V., killed by Christiphilus.905. Sergius III.913. Anastasius III.914. Laudo.915. John X., was stifled.928. Leo VI.929. Stephen VIII.931. John XI.936. Leo VII.939. Stephen IX.943. Martin III.946. Agapetus II.956. John XII.963. Leo VIII., turned out.964. Benedict V., banished.964. Leo VIII.965. Benedict V., again.965. John XIII.972. Benedict VI.974. Domus.975. Benedict VII.975. Boniface VII.984. John XIV.985. John XV., died before consecration.986. John XVI.996. Gregory V.999. Silvester II.1003. John XVI.1004. John XVII.1009. Sergius VI.1012. Benedict VIII.1024. John XVIII.1033. Benedict IX., deposed.1045. Gregory VI.1046. Clement II.1047. Benedict IX., again, abdicated.1048. Damasius II.1049. Leo IX.1055. Victor II.1057. Stephen X.1058. Nicholas II.1061. Alexander II.1073. Gregory VII.1086. Victor III., poisoned1088. Urban II.1099. Paschal II.1118. Gelasius II.1119. Calixtus II.1124. Honorius II.1130. Innocent II.1143. Cælestine II.1144. Lucius II.1145. Eugenius III.1153. Anastasius IV., a short time.1154. Adrian IV., choked by a fly as he was drinking.1159. Alexander III.1181. Lucius III.1185. Urban III.1187. Gregory VIII.1187. Clement III.1191. Cælestine III.1198. Innocent III.1216. Honorius III.1227. Gregory IX.1241. Cælestine IV.1243. Innocent IV.1254. Alexander IV.1261. Urban IV.1265. Clement IV.1271. Gregory X.1276. Innocent V.1276. Adrian V.1276. Vicedominus, died the next day.1276. John XIX., killed by the fall of his chamber at Viterbium.1277. Nicholas III.1281. Martin IV.1285. Honorius IV.1288. Nicholas IV.1294. Cælestine V.1294. Boniface VIII.1303. Benedict XI.1305. Clement V.1316. John XX.1334. Benedict XII.1342. Clement VI.1352. Innocent VI.1362. Urban V.1370. Gregory XI.1378. Urban VI.1389. Boniface IX.1404. Innocent VII.1406. Gregory XII., deposed.1409. Alexander V.1410. John XXI.1417. Martin V.1431. Eugenius IV.1455. Calixtus III.1458. Pius II.1464. Paul II.1476. Sixtus IV.1484. Innocent VIII.1492. Alexander VI.1503. Pius III.1503. Julius II.1513. Leo X.1522. Adrian VI.1523. Clement VII.1534. Paul III.1550. Julius III.1555. Marcellus II.1555. Paul IV.1559. Pius IV.1566. Pius V.1572. Gregory XIII.1585. Sixtus V.1590. Urban VII.1590. Gregory XIV.1591. Innocent IX.1592. Clement VIII.1605. Leo XI.1605. Paul V.1621. Gregory XV.1623. Urban VIII.1644. Innocent X.1655. Alexander VII.1667. Clement IX.1670. Clement X.1676. Innocent XI.1689. Alexander VIII.1691. Innocent XII.1700. Clement XI.1721. Innocent XIII.1724. Benedict XIII.1730. Clement XII.1740. Benedict XIV.1758. Clement XIII.1769. Clement XIV., poisoned.1775. Pius VI., February 14.1800. Cardinal Chiaramonte. elected at Venice, as Pius VII., March 13.1823. Annibal della Genga, Leo XII., Sept. 28.1831. Cardinal Mauro Capellari, as Gregory XVI., Feb. 2.The title ofpopewas originally given to all bishops. It was first adopted by Hygenus, A. D. 138; and Pope Boniface III. procured Phocas, emperor of the East, to confine it to the prelates of Rome, 606. By the connivance of Phocas, also, the pope's supremacy over the Christian church was established. The custom of kissing the pope's toe was introduced in 708. The first sovereign act of the popes of Rome was by Adrian I., who caused money to be coined with his name, 780. Servius II. was the first pope who changed his name, on his election, in 844. The first pope who kept an army was Leo IX., 1054. Gregory VII. obliged Henry IV., emperor of Germany, to stand three days, in the depth of winter, barefooted, at his castle gate, to implore his pardon 1077. The pope's authority was firmly fixed in England[pg 330]1079. Appeals from English tribunals to the pope were introduced 1154. Henry II. of England held the stirrup for Pope Alexander III. to mount his horse, 1161, and also for Becket, 1170.“When Louis, king of France, and Henry II. of England, met Pope Alexander III. at the castle of Torci, on the Loire, they both dismounted to receive him, and, holding each of them one of the reins of his bridle, walked on foot by his side, and conducted him in that submissive manner into the castle.”Pope Adrian IV. was the only Englishman that ever obtained the tiara. His arrogance was such, that he obliged Frederick I. to prostrate himself before him, kiss his foot, hold his stirrup, and lead the white palfrey on which he rode. Celestine III. kicked the emperor Henry VI.'s crown off his head while kneeling, to show his prerogative of making and unmaking kings, 1191. The pope collected the tenths of the whole kingdom of England, 1226. Appeals to Rome from England were abolished 1533. The words“Lord Pope”were struck out of all English books 1541. The papal authority declined about 1600. Kissing the pope's toe, and other ceremonies, were abolished by Clement XIV., 1773. The pope became destitute of all political influence in Europe, 1787. Pius VI. was burnt in effigy at Paris, 1791. He made submission to the French republic, 1796, was expelled from Rome, and deposed, February 22, 1798, and died at Valence, August 19, 1799. Pius VII. was elected in exile, March 13, 1800; he crowned Napoleon, December 2, 1804; was dethroned May 13, 1809; remained a prisoner at Fontainebleau till Napoleon's overthrow; and was restored May 24, 1814.

This denomination is spread over every section of the United States and the British Provinces. They form, it is stated, more than three fourths of the population of the Canadas. They are also found in large numbers in the Provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. In this Union, they are most numerous in the Middle States; but in consequence of the great influx of this people into North America, and their frequent change of location, it is utterly impossible to state their numbers, in each state, with any degree of accuracy. Their number in the United States is variously stated from five hundred thousand to one million five hundred thousand. Their number, probably, is not less than eight hundred thousand, nor more than one million two hundred thousand. The population of Canada, in 1840, was at least one million.

The first Roman Catholics that came to this country were from England, under Lord Baltimore, a Catholic nobleman, in 1634. They settled the state of Maryland; and, much to their honor, while some of the Protestant provinces were persecuting all those who differed from them on religious subjects, the Catholic Marylanders protected all sects that were moral and civil in their deportment.

We copy from the“Metropolitan Catholic Almanac and Laity's Directory for 1841”the following statistical table:—

Statistics of the Catholic Church in the United States

The sacred college of cardinals has fifty-seven members. The total number is seventy.

There are twelve patriarchs in the Christian world. The archbishops and bishops amount to six hundred and seventy-one. The vicars apostolic in different countries are fifty-seven in number, besides whom there are thirty-eight coadjutor-bishops, making the grand total of the Catholic episcopacy amount to seven hundred and sixty-six bishops.

Catholic Periodicals.—TheUnited States Catholic Miscellany, published weekly in Charleston, S. C.; theCatholic Telegraph, published weekly in Cincinnati, Ohio; theCatholic Herald, published weekly in Philadelphia; theCatholic Advocate, published weekly in Bardstown, Ky.;Der Wahrheit's Freund, (German paper,) published weekly in Cincinnati, Ohio; theNew York Catholic Register, published weekly in the city of New York;Ordo divini Officii recitandi,Missæque celebrandæ, juxta Rubricas Breviarii ac Missalis Romani, published annually in Baltimore; theYoung Catholic's Magazine, enlarged series, published on the first of each month, in New York.

At the time of the reformation, 1517, papal power, or the power of the pope of Rome, had acquired so great a spiritual dominion over the minds and consciences of men, that all Europe submitted to it with implicit obedience. At the present day, the Roman Catholic religion[pg 326]prevails, more or less, in every country in Christendom. Its population is stated to exceed eighty millions. It is the established religion of Austria, France, Portugal, and Spain, and of thirteen other states in Europe.

Popes of Rome.16A. D.

The title ofpopewas originally given to all bishops. It was first adopted by Hygenus, A. D. 138; and Pope Boniface III. procured Phocas, emperor of the East, to confine it to the prelates of Rome, 606. By the connivance of Phocas, also, the pope's supremacy over the Christian church was established. The custom of kissing the pope's toe was introduced in 708. The first sovereign act of the popes of Rome was by Adrian I., who caused money to be coined with his name, 780. Servius II. was the first pope who changed his name, on his election, in 844. The first pope who kept an army was Leo IX., 1054. Gregory VII. obliged Henry IV., emperor of Germany, to stand three days, in the depth of winter, barefooted, at his castle gate, to implore his pardon 1077. The pope's authority was firmly fixed in England[pg 330]1079. Appeals from English tribunals to the pope were introduced 1154. Henry II. of England held the stirrup for Pope Alexander III. to mount his horse, 1161, and also for Becket, 1170.“When Louis, king of France, and Henry II. of England, met Pope Alexander III. at the castle of Torci, on the Loire, they both dismounted to receive him, and, holding each of them one of the reins of his bridle, walked on foot by his side, and conducted him in that submissive manner into the castle.”Pope Adrian IV. was the only Englishman that ever obtained the tiara. His arrogance was such, that he obliged Frederick I. to prostrate himself before him, kiss his foot, hold his stirrup, and lead the white palfrey on which he rode. Celestine III. kicked the emperor Henry VI.'s crown off his head while kneeling, to show his prerogative of making and unmaking kings, 1191. The pope collected the tenths of the whole kingdom of England, 1226. Appeals to Rome from England were abolished 1533. The words“Lord Pope”were struck out of all English books 1541. The papal authority declined about 1600. Kissing the pope's toe, and other ceremonies, were abolished by Clement XIV., 1773. The pope became destitute of all political influence in Europe, 1787. Pius VI. was burnt in effigy at Paris, 1791. He made submission to the French republic, 1796, was expelled from Rome, and deposed, February 22, 1798, and died at Valence, August 19, 1799. Pius VII. was elected in exile, March 13, 1800; he crowned Napoleon, December 2, 1804; was dethroned May 13, 1809; remained a prisoner at Fontainebleau till Napoleon's overthrow; and was restored May 24, 1814.

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