[245]

IPOMŒAQuamoclitfoliis pinnatifidis linearibus, floribus subsolitariis.Linn, Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14.Murr. p. 204.Ait. Kew. v. 1. p. 215.QUAMOCLITsJasminum Americanum.Clus. Posth. 9.CONVOLVULUS tenuifolius Americanus. The red Bellflower of America.Park. Parad. p. 358. 3.

IPOMŒAQuamoclitfoliis pinnatifidis linearibus, floribus subsolitariis.Linn, Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14.Murr. p. 204.Ait. Kew. v. 1. p. 215.

QUAMOCLITsJasminum Americanum.Clus. Posth. 9.

CONVOLVULUS tenuifolius Americanus. The red Bellflower of America.Park. Parad. p. 358. 3.

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In a former number of this work, we gave a figure of the Scarlet Ipomœa, which every one possessing a garden, at least in the more southern parts of this kingdom, might gratify themselves with a sight of, it being hardy enough to flower and ripen its seeds in the open border; but the present species, an annual also, and equally beautiful, with greater singularity of foliage, can be brought to perfection only in the stove of hot-house.

Its seeds should be sown early in the spring, two or three in a small pot; when the plants are so far advanced as to shew a disposition to climb, they should be removed with a ball of earth into a middle-sized pot, in which one, two, or three sticks, four or five feet high should be stuck, for the plants to climb up; in the months of June and July they will flower, and ripe seed will be produced in September.

This elegant species, a native of both the Indies, was cultivated here byParkinson, who minutely describes it in hisParad terr.when speaking of the seed, he observes, "with us it will seldom come to flower, because our cold nights and frosts come so soone, before it cannot have comfort enough of the sun to ripen it."

Class and Order.

Didynamia Gymnospermia.

Generic Character.

Cor.labium superius (nullum) ultra basin 2-partitum, divaricatum ubi stamina.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

TEUCRIUMlatifoliumfoliis integerrimis rhombeis acutis villosis subtus tomentosis.Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14.Murr. p. 526.Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 276.TEUCRIUM fruticans bæticum ampliore folio.Dill. Elth. 379. t. 284. f. 367.

TEUCRIUMlatifoliumfoliis integerrimis rhombeis acutis villosis subtus tomentosis.Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14.Murr. p. 526.Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 276.

TEUCRIUM fruticans bæticum ampliore folio.Dill. Elth. 379. t. 284. f. 367.

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TheTeucrium latifoliumas well as thefruticans, which is nearly related to it, is a native of Spain, and was cultivated in this country in 1714, by the Duchess ofBeaufort,vid. Ait. Kew.

It is a shrubby plant, growing to the height of seven or eight feet (it may be trained to a much greater height) now common in our greenhouses, and sometimes planted in the open border in warm situations, where it will bear about the same degree of cold as the myrtle; it flowers during most of the summer months, and is readily increased by cuttings.

Class and Order.

Polyandria Pentagynia.

Generic Character.

Cal.0.Petala5.Nectaria5 corniculata, inter petala.Caps.5 distinctæ.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

AQUILEGIAcanadensisnectariis rectis, staminibus corolla longioribus.Linn. Syst. Veg. ed. 14.Murr. p. 535.Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 248.AQUILEGIApumilapraæox canadensis.Corn. Canad. 60.AQUILEGIA præcox canadensis; flore externe rubicundo, medio luteo.Moris. Hist. 111. p. 457. t. 2. f. 4.AQUILEGIA Virginiania flore rubescente præcox.The early red Columbine of Virginia.Park. Th. p. 1367.

AQUILEGIAcanadensisnectariis rectis, staminibus corolla longioribus.Linn. Syst. Veg. ed. 14.Murr. p. 535.Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 248.

AQUILEGIApumilapraæox canadensis.Corn. Canad. 60.

AQUILEGIA præcox canadensis; flore externe rubicundo, medio luteo.Moris. Hist. 111. p. 457. t. 2. f. 4.

AQUILEGIA Virginiania flore rubescente præcox.

The early red Columbine of Virginia.Park. Th. p. 1367.

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Parkinsonwas not acquainted with this plant when he wrote hisParad. terr.but in his larger and more general work, theTheat. Pl.published in 1640, he describes and figures it as a plant newly introduced from Virginia, by Mr.John Tradescant: Cornutus, in his account of the plants of Canada, gives us a representation and a description of this plant also; according to him, its usual height in that country is about nine inches; in the gardens here it nearly equals the common Columbine, which it considerably resembles in the appearance of its foliage, but differs in the form and colour of its flowers, the horn of the nectary is straighter, and the blossom in some of its parts inclines more to orange, which renders it highly ornamental.

It is a hardy perennial, and may be easily propagated by parting its roots in autumn or spring; it may also be raised from seeds, which ripen readily here; these are found to be a long time in vegetating, as are others of this genus.

We have observed in some gardens, a Columbine of more humble growth than the one here figured, called by the name ofcanadensis, and which most probably is a variety of our plant, its blossoms spread wider, are of a pale red colour without any orange, and hence being less beautiful, is, of course, less worthy of culture.

Class and Order.

Tetrandria Monogynia.

Generic Character.

Cal.communis polyphyllus; proprius duplex, superus.Recept.paleaceum nudum.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

SCABIOSAatropurpureacorollulis quinquefidis radiantibus, foliis dissectis, receptaculis florum subulatis.Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14.Murr. p. 145.Ait. Kew. v. i. p. 137.SCABIOSA peregrina rubra capite oblongo.Bauh. Pin. 270.SCABIOSA vi. indica.Clus. Hist. 2. p. 3.Red flowered Indian Scabious.Park. Parad. 324.

SCABIOSAatropurpureacorollulis quinquefidis radiantibus, foliis dissectis, receptaculis florum subulatis.Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14.Murr. p. 145.Ait. Kew. v. i. p. 137.

SCABIOSA peregrina rubra capite oblongo.Bauh. Pin. 270.

SCABIOSA vi. indica.Clus. Hist. 2. p. 3.

Red flowered Indian Scabious.Park. Parad. 324.

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It is not a little singular that we should have no certain account of what country this species of Scabious is a native;Clusiuswho describes and figures it accurately, relates that he received seeds of it from Italy, under the name ofIndian Scabious; he informs us also that he received seeds of a Scabious from Spain, which the same year produced flowers of a similar colour, but paler;Parkinsonsays this plant is verily thought to grow naturally in Spain and Italy; does he borrow this idea from whatClusiushas advanced? he certainly gives no authority for his supposition:Linnæusmentions it as a native of India with a note of doubt;Millerdoes the same, omitting any doubts about it; Mr.Aitonleaves its place of growth unsettled.

The Sweet Scabious has long and deservedly held a place as an ornamental plant in our gardens, the flowers are well adapted for nosegays, have a sweet musky smell, and are produced in great profusion from June to October.

It is a hardy biennial, requiring yearly to be raised from seeds, these should be sown about the latter end of May, or beginning of June, on a shady border of fresh earth, thinning the plants as they advance to the distance of three or four inches; in autumn they should be removed into the border, where they are intended to flower, thus treated they will become good strong plants against winter, flower early the ensuing summer, and produce abundance of perfect seeds.

The blossoms vary in colour, towards autumn the edge of the florets become paler.

Parkinson, deviating from his usual accuracy, describes the flowers without scent.vid. Parad.

Class and Order.

Pentandria Monogynia.

Generic Character.

Contorta.Folliculi2 erecti.Seminanuda.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

VINCAroseacaule fructescente erecto, foliis ovato oblongis, petiolis basi bidentatis, floribus geminis sessilibus.Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14.Murr. p. 252.Ait. Kew. v. 1. p. 296.VINCA foliis oblongo-ovatis integerrimis, tubo floris longissimo, caule ramoso fruticoso.Mill. Icon. 86.

VINCAroseacaule fructescente erecto, foliis ovato oblongis, petiolis basi bidentatis, floribus geminis sessilibus.Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14.Murr. p. 252.Ait. Kew. v. 1. p. 296.

VINCA foliis oblongo-ovatis integerrimis, tubo floris longissimo, caule ramoso fruticoso.Mill. Icon. 86.

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TheVinca roseawas first Cultivated in this country by Mr.Philip Millerin 1757, he observes that it deserves a place in the stove as much as any of the exotic plants we have in England, because the flowers are very beautiful, and there is a constant succession of them all the summer.

The following account is extracted from his Dictionary.

"This plant grows naturally in the Island of Madagascar, from whence the seeds were brought to the Royal Garden at Paris, where the plants were first raised, and produced their flowers the following summer; from these plants good seeds were obtained, which were sent me by Mr.Richard, gardener to the King at Versailles and Trianon. It rises to the height of three or four feet; the branches which when young are succulent become ligneous by age: these flowers which appear early in the summer produce ripe seeds in the autumn.

"This sort is propagated by seeds or cuttings in the usual way; unless the summer proves warm these plants should not be placed abroad, for they will not thrive if they are exposed to cold or wet, therefore during the summer they should be placed in an airy glass-case, and in winter they must be removed into the stove, where the air is kept to a temperate heat, without which they will not live through the winter in England.Mill. Dict.

There is a variety of this plant having white blossoms with a purple eye.

The flowers do not always grow in pairs.

Class and Order.

Syngenesia Polygamia Superfloa.

Generic Character.

Recept.nullum.Pappussimplex.Cal.simplex polyphyllus æqualis.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

CINERARIAAmelloidespedunculis unifloris, foliis oppositis ovatis nudis, caule suffruticoso.Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14.Murr. p. 765.Ait Kew. v. 3. p. 219.ASTER africanus frutescens ramosus, floribus cæruleis, foliis oppositis minimis, caulibus et ramulis in pedunculos nudos exeuntibus.Raii Suppl. 158.ASTER caule ramoso scabro perenni, foliis ovatis sessilibus, pedunculis nudis unifloris.Mill. Icon. 76. f. 2.

CINERARIAAmelloidespedunculis unifloris, foliis oppositis ovatis nudis, caule suffruticoso.Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14.Murr. p. 765.Ait Kew. v. 3. p. 219.

ASTER africanus frutescens ramosus, floribus cæruleis, foliis oppositis minimis, caulibus et ramulis in pedunculos nudos exeuntibus.Raii Suppl. 158.

ASTER caule ramoso scabro perenni, foliis ovatis sessilibus, pedunculis nudis unifloris.Mill. Icon. 76. f. 2.

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TheCineraria Amelloidesa plant common in every green-house, was introduced by Mr.Philip Milleras long since as the year 1753, being raised by him from Cape seeds; it forms a bushy shrub, of the height of two, or three feet, produces numerous blossoms, which stand singly on long footstalks, are of a pale blue colour; they make some amends for their want of brilliancy by flowering during most of the year.

The plant is easily propagated either by seeds or cuttings.

Class and Order.

Icosandria Monogynia.

Generic Character.

Cal.5-fidus, superus.Petala5.Bacca2. s. 3 sperma.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

MYRTUStomentosapedunculis unifloris, foliis triplinervii, subtus tomentosis.Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 159.ARBOR sinensis canellæ folio minore, trinervi, prona parte villoso, fructu caryophylli aromatici majoris villis similiter obducto.Pluk. Amalth. 21. t. 372. f. 1.

MYRTUStomentosapedunculis unifloris, foliis triplinervii, subtus tomentosis.Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 159.

ARBOR sinensis canellæ folio minore, trinervi, prona parte villoso, fructu caryophylli aromatici majoris villis similiter obducto.Pluk. Amalth. 21. t. 372. f. 1.

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In the third edition of theSpecies Plant.ofLinnæus, published in 1764, thirteen Myrtles are described; in the 13th edition of theSyst. Natur.published byGmelinin 91, forty-one are enumerated; thus in twenty-seven years this genus has gained an accession of twenty-eight species: most of these are natives of warm climates, and few comparatively have been introduced to this country, six species only being mentioned in theHort. Kew.of Mr.Aiton, in that work thetomentosahere figured, not known toLinnæusorMilleris specifically described, and there Mr.Aitoninforms us that it is a native of China, and was introduced by Mrs.Normanabout the year 1766.

Since that period it has fallen into the hands of various cultivators, and flowered perhaps in greater perfection than it did originally at Kew; the peduncles, in the various specimens we have seen usually supporting more than one flower.

It is a shrub of great beauty, both in respect to its foliage and flowers, bearing but little similitude to the common Myrtle, if suffered to grow, acquiring the height of many feet.

Its blossoms are produced in June and July, the buds are covered with a white down, as is also the underside of the leaves, whence its name oftomentosa.

It has been customary to treat it as a stove plant, such it is considered in theHort. Kew.there is great reason however to believe, that it is by no means tender, and that it may succeed as most of the Chinese plants do in a good greenhouse.

It is usually increased by cuttings which are struck difficulty.

Class and Order.

Hexandria Monogynia.

Generic Character.

Cor.6-partita, patens.Spathamultiflora.Umbellacongesta.Caps.supera.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

ALLIUMdescendenscaule subteretifolio umbellifero, pedunculis exterioribus brevioribus, staminibus tricuspidatis. Linn.Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14.Murr. p. 322.Ait. Kew. v. 1. p. 425.ALLIUM staminibus alterne trifidis, foliis fistulosis, capite sphærico non bulbifero atropurpureo.Hall. All. Tab. 2. f. p. 355. xx. ii.

ALLIUMdescendenscaule subteretifolio umbellifero, pedunculis exterioribus brevioribus, staminibus tricuspidatis. Linn.Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14.Murr. p. 322.Ait. Kew. v. 1. p. 425.

ALLIUM staminibus alterne trifidis, foliis fistulosis, capite sphærico non bulbifero atropurpureo.Hall. All. Tab. 2. f. p. 355. xx. ii.

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Baron Hallerin his most admirableMonographiaon the plants of this genus, published in hisOpuscula Botanica, describes and figures this species, a hardy perennial, being a native of Switzerland, and cultivated according to Mr.Aiton, in the garden at Oxford in 1766.

It usually grows to the height of three feet, thriving in almost any soil or situation, its flowers as in many other species grow in a capitulum or little head, not an umbel, strictly speaking, asLinnæusdescribes it; this head is at first covered with a whitish membrane, wearing some resemblance to a night-cap, on the falling off of which the whole of the capitulum is perceived to be of a green colour, shortly the crown of it becomes of a fine reddish purple, this colour extends itself gradually downwards, presently we see the upper half of the head purple, the lower half green, in this state it has a most pleasing appearance; the purple still extending downwards, the whole head finally becomes uniformly so, and then its flowers begin to open, and emit an odour rather agreeable than otherwise; on dissecting a flower we find three of the stamina in each longer than the others, and bearing two little points, which proceed not from the antheræ, but from the top of the filaments, it is therefore one of those Alliums whichLinnæusdescribes, as havingAntheræ bicornes.

This species increases readily by offsets, which should be separated and planted in Autumn.

We know not whyLinnæusshould give it the name ofdescendens, unless from its being one of those plants whose roots in process of time descend deeply into the earth.

Class and Order.

Pentandria Monogynia.

Generic Character.

Cor.campanulata fundo clauso valvis staminiferis.Stigmatrifidium.Caps.insera poris lateralibus dehiscens.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

CAMPANULAgrandifloracaule subunifloro, foliis sublanceolatis serratis, corolla patente.Jacq. in Litt. Hort. v. 3. t. 2.CAMPANULAgrandiflorafoliis ternis oblongis serratis, caule unifloro, flore patulo.Linn. Suppl. p. 140. Syst. Veget. ed. 14.Murr. p. 207.Ait. Kew. v. 1. p. 218.

CAMPANULAgrandifloracaule subunifloro, foliis sublanceolatis serratis, corolla patente.Jacq. in Litt. Hort. v. 3. t. 2.

CAMPANULAgrandiflorafoliis ternis oblongis serratis, caule unifloro, flore patulo.Linn. Suppl. p. 140. Syst. Veget. ed. 14.Murr. p. 207.Ait. Kew. v. 1. p. 218.

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ProfessorJacquinis, we believe, the first author who has figured this species of Campanula, which he has done in hisHortus Vindebonensis;Linnæusthe Son afterwards inserted it in hisSuppl. Pl.assigning it the characters specified above in the synonyms, and expressing his doubts whether it was not a variety of theCampanula carpatica, already figured in this work,Pl. 117. Prof.Jacquinclearly demonstrates that it cannot be so, as it differs most essentially from that plant in a variety of particulars,vid. Linn. Syst. Veget. ed. 14. Murr.his specific description there given, agrees much better with the plants we have seen flower here, than that ofLinnæusdoes, there being generally more than one flower on a stalk, and the leaves rarely growing three together.

The blossoms of this plant when it grows in perfection, are very large, nearly twice the size of those of theCampanula carpatica, whence its name ofgrandiflora; previous to their opening fully, they somewhat resemble an air balloon, from which circumstance it has been called by some the Balloon plant.

It is a hardy perennial, a native of Siberia and Tartary, and was introduced to this country by Mr.John Bellin the year 1782.

It flowers in July, is as yet a rare plant in this country, and likely to continue so, as it is not easily increased, multiplying but little by its roots, scarcely to be struck from cuttings, and rarely producing perfect seeds.

In which the Latin Names of the Plants contained in theSeventh Volumeare alphabetically arranged.

Pl.251Allium descendens.239Amaryllis Atamasco.226Arabis alpina.243Argemone mexicana.246Aquilegia canadensis.228Bellis perennis var. major fl. pl.217Buchnera viscosa.252Campanula grandiflora.233Chironia baccifera.249Cineraria Amelloides.218Disandra prostrata.220Erica cerinthoides.241Fagonia cretica.231Fumaria solida.232Fumaria cava.227Helianthus multiflorus.221Ipomœa coccinea.244Ipomœa Quamoclit.234Linum arboreum.225Lobelia surinamensis.223Lychnis coronata.219Michauxia campanuloides250Myrtus tomentosa.237Oxalis caprina.240Pelargonium tricolor.224Phylica ericoides.230Plumbago rosea229Primula acaulis fl. pl. carneo.247Scabiosa atropurpurea.238Senecio elegans.222Struthiola erecta.245Teucrium latifolium.235Trollius asiaticus248Vinca rosea.236Verbascum Myconi.242Veronica decussata

In which the English Names of the Plants contained in theSeventh Volumeare alphabetically arranged.

Pl.252Bell flower great-flowered.217Buchnera clammy.233Chironia berry-bearing.249Cineraria blue-flowered.246Columbine canadian.240Cranes-bill three-coloured228Daisy great double.218Disandra trailing.241Fagonia cretian.234Flax tree.231Fumitory solid-rooted.232Fumitory hollow-rooted.251Garlick purple-headed245Germander broad-leaved shrubby.235Globe-flower Asiatic.220Heath honeywort-flowered.221Ipomœa scarlet.244Ipomœa scarlet. winged-leaved.230Leadwort rose-coloured.239Lily Atamasco.225Lobelia shrubby.223Lychnis chinese.219Michauxia rough-leaved.236Mullein borage-leaved.250Myrtle woolly-leaved.248Periwinkle Madagascar.224Phylica heath-leaved.243Poppy prickly.229Primrose lilac double.238Rag wort purple.247Scabious sweet.242Speedwell cross-leaved.222Struthiola smooth.227Sunflower perennial.226Wall-cress alpine.237Wood-sorrel goat's-foot.

[A]We once saw a specimen of a hen and chicken daisy gathered on a hill in Sussex, much inferior in size to the daisy as it usually grows.

[B]ClaytoninGronov. Fl. Virg.says maddidis gaudet locis, it delights to grow in wet places.

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