Fig 9.—Histograms representing breeding schedules of cardueline and emberizine finchesFig.9.—Histograms representing breeding schedules of cardueline and emberizine finches in Kansas. See legend to Figure 1 for explanation of histograms.Lark Bunting:Calamospiza melanocorysStejneger.—This species is ordinarily a common summer resident in western Kansas, in grassland and openscrub. Specimens taken in the breeding season and all breeding records except one for western Franklin County come from west of stations in Decatur, Ellis, and Comanche counties. Irregular fluctuations in breeding density have been recorded from Decatur County (Wolfe, 1961). Temporal occurrence is indicated inTable 20.Breeding schedule.—Fourteen records of breeding span the period May 21 to June 20; the modal date of egg-laying cannot be determined from the present sample.Number of eggs.—Clutch-size is 4 eggs (4.1, 3-5; 7).Nests are placed on the ground, at bases of clumps of grasses.Grasshopper Sparrow:Ammodramus savannarum perpallidus(Coues).—This species is a local and at times common summer resident throughout Kansas, in grassland. Temporal occurrence is indicated inTable 20.Breeding schedule.—Seven records of breeding fall in the period May 1 to June 30; the modal date of laying seems to be about May 21.Number of eggs.—Clutch-size is 5 eggs (4.8, 4-5; 5).Nests are placed on the ground or in low vegetation, with cover of grasses or forbs.Henslow Sparrow:Passerherbulus henslowii henslowii(Audubon).—This is an uncommon and local summer resident in eastern Kansas, in grassland. Breeding records are from Cloud, Shawnee, Douglas, Morris, and Anderson counties. Temporal occurrence is indicated inTable 20.Breeding schedule.—Eggs are laid in May and June.Number of eggs.—Clutch-size is about 5 eggs.Nests are placed on the ground, usually in bluestem pasture, but in any case grasses.Lark Sparrow:Chondestes grammacus(Say).—This is a common summer resident in grassland edge habitats.C. g. grammacus(Say) breeds east of the Flint Hills, east of stations in Pottawatomie, Anderson, and Montgomery counties, andC. g. strigatusSwainson breeds west of stations in Clay, Dickinson, Harvey, and Sedgwick counties; specimens from the intervening area are of intermediate subspecific character. Temporal occurrence is indicated inTable 20.Breeding schedule.—Thirty-nine records of breeding span the period May 1 to July 20 (Fig. 9); the modal date for egg-laying is probably May 25, but the sample may not be reliable in this respect.Number of eggs.—Clutch-size is 4 eggs (4.1, 3-5; 28).Nests are usually placed on the ground, in cover of pasture grasses, clover, thistle, milo maize, and soybean; there is one record of a nest one and one-half feet high in a small pine.Cassin Sparrow:Aimophila cassinii(Woodhouse).—This is a common summer resident in open scrub and grassland edge, to the south and west of Wallace and Comanche counties. Specimens taken in the breeding season and actual nesting records are from Wallace, Hamilton, Kearny, Finney, Morton, and Comanche counties; the A. O. U. Check-list (1957) cites Hays, Ellis County, as a breeding locality, but it is doubtful that the species now occurs there.Breeding schedule.—Eggs are laid in May and June.Number of eggs.—Clutch-size is about 4 eggs.Nests are placed on the ground, at bases of small bushes.Table 20.—Occurrence in Time of Summer Resident American Buntings in KansasSpeciesArrivalDepartureRangeMedianRangeMedianRufous-sided TowheeApr. 2-Apr. 19Apr. 9Sept. 20-Oct. 8Sept. 29Lark BuntingMay 5-May 14May 10................Grasshopper SparrowApr. 12-May 11Apr. 29Aug. 20-Oct. 6Aug. 31Henslow SparrowApr. 14-Apr. 30Apr. 22Oct. 15........Lark SparrowMar. 29-Apr. 21Apr. 18Sept. 13-Oct. 16Oct. 12Chipping SparrowMar. 6-Apr. 29Apr. 23Oct. 3-Nov. 15Oct. 20Field SparrowMar. 4-Apr. 28Apr. 7Oct. 5-Nov. 12Oct. 30Chipping Sparrow:Spizella passerina passerina(Bechstein).—This is an uncommon summer resident in open woodland, second-growth, and edge.S. p. passerinais found east of stations in Barber and Shawnee counties; Chipping Sparrows are not known to breed farther to the west, but records for north-central Kansas are likely to be found. The subspecific affinities of our Chipping Sparrows are entirely with the nominate subspecies, and there is no basis for earlier reports (Long, 1940; Tordoff, 1956; Johnston, 1960) thatS. p. arizonaeCoues (=S. p. boreophilaOberholser) occurs in Kansas.Breeding schedule.—Nine records of breeding fall in the period May 1 to May 10, in no way indicating the whole span of the breeding season; the species probably lays eggs in May and July, as well as in June.Number of eggs.—Clutch-size is 4 eggs.Nests are placed four to 40 feet high in evergreens of a variety of kinds.Field Sparrow:Spizella pusilla(Wilson).—This species is a common summer resident in grassland and edge habitats.S. p. pusilla(Wilson) breeds in eastern Kansas chiefly east of the Flint Hills;S. p. arenaceaChadbourne breeds in central and western Kansas, intergrading easterly withS. p. pusilla.Breeding schedule.—Twenty-nine records of breeding span the period April 21 to September 10 (Fig. 9); the modal date for first clutches is May 5.Number of eggs.—Clutch-size is 4 eggs (4.1, 3-5; 21).Nests are placed about 10 inches high (ranging from ground level to three feet) in or among coralberry, osage orange, elm, oak, rose, and, once, peony.Chestnut-collared Longspur:Calcarius ornatus(Townsend).—This was formerly a summer resident in western Kansas, in short-grass habitat. The only known nesting area was in the vicinity of Ft. Hays, Ellis County. The species is to be looked for in prairie with short grass type of vegetation.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSMany persons have contributed field observations such as dates of arrival and departure for migrants, and the various activities of the breeding cycle for most of the species here discussed. An alphabetic listing of their names follows.Galen Abbot, Ruth Abbot, Ted Anderson, Ted F. Andrews, Jon Barlow, Amelia Betts, Grace Thompson Bigelow, L. C. Binford, Bessie Boso, William J. Brecheisen, J. Walker Butin, L. B. Carson, Mrs. Eunice Dingus, Charles S. Edwards, A. S. Gaunt, Sue Griffith, Mrs. Mary F. Hall, J. W. Hardy, Stanley Hunter, Katherine Kelley, E. E. Klaas, W. C. Kerfoot, John A. Knouse, Eugene Lewis, Eulalia Lewis, John Lenz, Nathan H. McDonald, Marno McKaughan, Merrill McHenry, Robert M. Mengel, Robert Merz, Jim Myers, Mary Louise Myers, Mrs. Kathryn Nelson, T. W. Nelson, Steven Norris, Dan Michener, P. W. Ogilvie, Gary C. Packard, Mrs. Marion J. Mengel, Dwight Platt, William Reynolds, Frank Robl, S. D. Roth, Jr., Nancy Saunders, Richard H. Schmidt, Marvin D. Schwilling, T. M. Sperry, Steve Stephens, Max Thompson, Fr. Matthew Turk, Emil Urban, J. W. Wallace, H. E. Warfel, A. W. Wiens, Mrs. Joyce Wildenthal, George Young, and Richard Zenger.LITERATURE CITEDAldous, S. E.1942. The white-necked raven in relation to agriculture. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., Research Rep. 5:1-56.American Ornithologists' Union, Check-list Committee1957. Check-list of North American Birds (Lord Baltimore Press, Baltimore), xiii + 691 pp.Baker, J. R.1938. The relation between latitude and breeding season in birds. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 108 (A):557-582.Brown, F. A., Jr.1960. Response to pervasive geophysical factors and the biological clock problem. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol., 25:57-71.Cockrum, E. L., Jr.1952. Mammals of Kansas. Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:1-303.Davie, O.1898. Nests and eggs of North American birds (David McKay, Philadelphia). (vi) + 509 pp.Davis, T. A. W.1953. An outline of the ecology and breeding seasons of birds of the lowland forest region of British Guiana. Ibis, 95:450-467.Fitch, H. S.1958. Home ranges, territories, and seasonal movements of vertebrates of the Natural History Reservation. Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 11:63-326.Goodrich, A. L., Jr.1946. Birds in Kansas. Rept. Kansas State Brd. Agric, 44(267): 1-340.Goss, N. S.1891. History of the birds of Kansas (G. W. Crane Co., Topeka). 692 pp.Graber, R., andGraber, J.1951. Notes on the birds of southwestern Kansas. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 54:145-174.Hardy, J. W.1961. Purple martins nesting in city buildings. Wilson Bull., 73:281.Hopkins, A. D.1938. Bioclimatics, … U. S. Dept. Agric., Misc. Publ. 280:iv + 188 pp.Johnston, R. F.1954. Variation in breeding season and clutch-size in song sparrows of the Pacific coast. Condor, 56:268-273.1956. Population structure in salt marsh song sparrows, I. Condor, 58:24-44.1960. Directory to the bird-life of Kansas. Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., Misc. Publ. 23:1-69.Lack, D.1947. The significance of clutch-size, I, II. Ibis, 89:302-352.Lehrman, D. S.1958. Induction of broodiness by participation in courtship and nestbuilding in the ring dove (Streptopelia risoria). Jour. Comp. Physiol. Psychol., 51:32-36.Lehrman, D. S.,Brody, P. N., andWortis, R. P.1961. The presence of the mate and of nesting material as stimuli for the development of incubation behavior and for gonadotropin in the ring dove (Streptopelia risoria). Endocrinol., 68:507-516.Linsdale, J. M.1926. The magpie nesting in Kansas. Condor, 28:179-180.1928. Birds of a limited area in eastern Kansas. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 18:517-626.1937. The natural history of magpies. Pac. Coast Avif., 25:1-234.Long, W. S.1940. Check-list of Kansas birds. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 43:433-456.Marshall, A. J., andDisney, H. J.de S.1957. Experimental induction of the breeding season in a xerophilous bird. Nature, 177:143-144.Mayr, E.1946. History of the North American bird fauna. Wilson Bull., 38:3-41.McCabe, T. T., andMcCabe, E. B.1933. Notes on the anatomy and breeding habits of crossbills. Condor, 35:136-147.Miller, A. H.1955a. The expression of innate reproductive rhythm under conditions of winter lighting. Auk, 72:260-264.1955b. Breeding cycles in a constant equatorial environment in Columbia, South America. Proc. XI Congr. Internat. Ornithol., Basel, 1954: 495-503.1960. Adaptation of breeding schedule to latitude. Proc. XII Congr. Internat. Ornithol., Helsinki, 1958:513-522.Moreau, R. E.1950. The breeding seasons of African birds, I. Land birds. Ibis, 92:223-267.Nice, M. M.1937. Studies in the life history of the song sparrow, I. Trans. Linnean Soc. New York, 4:1-247.Nossaman, L. O.1952. [Photograph]in"Kansas Fish and Game," 9(3):7.Parmelee, D.1961. A nesting colony of black terns in Kansas. Bull. Kansas Ornith. Soc., 12:25-27.Paynter, R. A., Jr.1954. Interrelations between clutch-size, brood-size, prefledging survival and weight in Kent Island tree swallows, I. Bird-Banding, 25:35-58.Schmidt-Koenig, K.1960. The sun azimuth compass: one factor in the orientation of homing pigeons. Science, 131:826-828.Snow, D. W.1955. The breeding of blackbird, song thrush, and mistle thrush in Great Britain. I. Clutch-size. Bird Study, 2:72-84.Tordoff, H. B.1956. Check-list of the birds of Kansas. Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist, 8:307-359.Udvardy, M. D. F.1958. Ecological and distributional analysis of North American birds. Condor, 60:50-66.Welter, W. A.1935. The natural history of the long-billed marsh wren. Wilson Bull., 97:1-34.Wiener, N.1958. Nonlinear problems in random theory. (Technology Press, Cambridge, England.)Williamson, F. S. L.1956. The molt and testis cycle of the Anna hummingbird. Condor, 58:342-366.Wolfe, L. R.1961. The breeding birds of Decatur County, Kansas: 1908-1915. Bull. Kansas Ornith. Soc., 12:27-30.Zuvanich, J. R.1963. Forster terns breeding in Kansas. Bull. Kansas Ornith. Soc., 14:1-3.Transmitted November 21, 1963.Fig. 10Click on map to view larger size image.Fig. 10.—Map of Kansas showing names of counties.UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONSMUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORYInstitutional libraries interested in publications exchange may obtain this series by addressing the Exchange Librarian, University of Kansas Library, Lawrence, Kansas. Copies for individuals, persons working in a particular field of study, may be obtained by addressing instead the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. There is no provision for sale of this series by the University Library, which meets institutional requests, or by the Museum of Natural History, which meets the requests of individuals. Nevertheless, when individuals request copies from the Museum, 25 cents should be included, for each separate number that is 100 pages or more in length, for the purpose of defraying the costs of wrapping and mailing.* An asterisk designates those numbers of which the Museum's supply (not the Library's supply) is exhausted. Numbers published to date, in this series, are as follows:Vol. 1.Nos. 1-26 and index. Pp. 1-638, 1946-1950.*Vol. 2.(Complete) Mammals of Washington. By Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 1-444, 140 figures in text. April 9, 1948.Vol. 3.Nos. 1-4 and index. Pp. 1-681. 1951.*Vol. 4.(Complete) American weasels. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 1-466, 41 plates, 31 figures in text. December 27, 1951.Vol. 5.Nos. 1-37 and index. Pp. 1-676, 1951-1953.*Vol. 6.(Complete) Mammals of Utah,taxonomy and distribution. By Stephen D. Durrant. Pp. 1-549, 91 figures in text, 30 tables. August 10, 1952.Vol. 7.Nos. 1-15 and index. Pp. 1-651, 1952-1955.Vol. 8.Nos. 1-10 and index. Pp. 1-675, 1954-1956.Vol. 9.*1.Speciation of the wandering shrew. By James S. Findley. Pp. 1-68, 18 figures in text. December 10, 1955.2.Additional records and extension of ranges of mammals from Utah. By Stephen D. Durrant, M. Raymond Lee, and Richard M. Hansen. Pp. 69-80. December 10, 1955.3.A new long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) from northeastern Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker and Howard J. Stains. Pp. 81-84. December 10, 1955.4.Subspeciation in the meadow mouse, Microtus pennsylvanicus, in Wyoming. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 85-104, 2 figures in text. May 10, 1956.5.The condylarth genus Ellipsodon. By Robert W. Wilson. Pp. 105-116, 6 figures in text. May 19, 1956.6.Additional remains of the multituberculate genus Eucosmodon. By Robert W. Wilson. Pp. 117-123, 10 figures in text. May 19, 1956.7.Mammals of Coahuila, Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 125-335, 75 figures in text. June 15, 1956.8.Comments on the taxonomic status of Apodemus peninsulae, with description of a new subspecies from North China. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 337-346, 1 figure in text, 1 table. August 15, 1956.9.Extensions of known ranges of Mexican bats. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 347-351. August 15, 1956.10.A new bat (Genus Leptonycteris) from Coahuila. By Howard J. Stains. Pp. 353-356. January 21, 1957.11.A new species of pocket gopher (Genus Pappogeomys) from Jalisco, Mexico. By Robert J. Russell. Pp. 357-361. January 21, 1957.12.Geographic variation in the pocket gopher, Thomomys bottae, in Colorado. By Phillip M. Youngman. Pp. 363-387, 7 figures in text. February 21, 1958.13.New bog lemming (genus Synaptomys) from Nebraska. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 385-388. May 12, 1958.14.Pleistocene bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León, México. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 389-396. December 19, 1958.15.New subspecies of the rodent Baiomys from Central America. By Robert L. Packard. Pp. 397-404. December 19, 1958.16.Mammals of the Grand Mesa, Colorado. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 405-414, 1 figure in text. May 20, 1959.17.Distribution, variation, and relationships of the montane vole, Microtus montanus. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 415-511, 12 figures in text, 2 tables. August 1, 1959.18.Conspecificity of two pocket mice, Perognathus goldmani and P. artus. By E. Raymond Hall and Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie. Pp. 513-518, 1 map. January 14, 1960.19.Records of harvest mice, Reithrodontomys, from Central America, with description of a new subspecies from Nicaragua. By Sydney Anderson and J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 519-529. January 14, 1960.20.Small carnivores from San Josecito Cave (Pleistocene), Nuevo León, México. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 531-538, 1 figure in text. January 14, 1960.21.Pleistocene pocket gophers from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León, México. By Robert J. Russell. Pp. 539-548, 1 figure in text. January 14, 1960.22.Review of the insectivores of Korea. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., and David H. Johnson. Pp. 549-578. February 23, 1960.23.Speciation and evolution of the pygmy mice, genus Baiomys. By Robert L. Packard. Pp. 579-670, 4 plates, 12 figures in text. June 16, 1960.Index. Pp. 671-690.Vol. 10.1.Studies of birds killed in nocturnal migration. By Harrison B. Tordoff and Robert M. Mengel. Pp. 1-44, 6 figures in text, 2 tables. September 12, 1956.2.Comparative breeding behavior of Ammospiza caudacuta and A. maritima. By Glen E. Woolfenden. Pp. 45-75, 6 plates, 1 figure. December 20, 1956.3.The forest habitat of the University of Kansas Natural History Reservation. By Henry S. Fitch and Ronald R. McGregor. Pp. 77-127, 2 plates, 7 figures in text, 4 tables. December 31, 1956.4.Aspects of reproduction and development in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 129-161, 8 figures in text, 4 tables. December 19, 1957.5.Birds found on the Arctic slope of northern Alaska. By James W. Bee. Pp. 163-211, plates 9-10, 1 figure in text. March 12, 1958.*6.The wood rats of Colorado: distribution and ecology. By Robert B. Finley, Jr. Pp. 213-552, 34 plates, 8 figures in text, 35 tables. November 7, 1958.7.Home ranges and movements of the eastern cottontail in Kansas. By Donald W. Janes. Pp. 553-572, 4 plates, 3 figures in text. May 4, 1959.8.Natural history of the salamander, Aneides hardyi. By Richard F. Johnston and Gerhard A. Schad. Pp. 573-585. October 8, 1959.9.A new subspecies of lizard, Cnemidophorus sacki, from Michoacán, México. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 587-598, 2 figures in text. May 2, 1960.10.A taxonomic study of the middle American snake, Pituophis deppei. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 599-610, 1 plate, 1 figure in text. May 2, 1960.Index. Pp. 611-626.Vol. 11.Nos. 1-10 and index. Pp. 1-703, 1958-1960.Vol. 12.1.Functional morphology of three bats: Eumops, Myotis, Macrotus. By Terry A. Vaughan. Pp. 1-153, 4 plates, 24 figures in text. July 8, 1959.*2.The ancestry of modern Amphibia: a review of the evidence. By Theodore H. Eaton, Jr. Pp. 155-180, 10 figures in text. July 10, 1959.3.The baculum in microtine rodents. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 181-216, 49 figures in text. February 19, 1960.*4.A new order of fishlike Amphibia from the Pennsylvanian of Kansas. By Theodore H. Eaton, Jr., and Peggy Lou Stewart. Pp. 217-240, 12 figures in text. May 2, 1960.5.Natural history of the bell vireo. By Jon C. Barlow. Pp. 241-296, 6 figures in text. March 7, 1962.6.Two new pelycosaurs from the lower Permian of Oklahoma. By Richard C. Fox. Pp. 297-307, 6 figures in text. May 21, 1962.7.Vertebrates from the barrier island of Tamaulipas, México. By Robert K. Selander, Richard F. Johnston, B. J. Wilks, and Gerald G. Raun. Pp. 309-345, pls. 5-8. June 18, 1962.8.Teeth of Edestid sharks. By Theodore H. Eaton, Jr. Pp. 347-362, 10 figures in text. October 1, 1962.9.Variation in the muscles and nerves of the leg in two genera of grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes). By E. Bruce Holmes. Pp. 363-474, 20 figures. October 25, 1962.10.A new genus of Pennsylvanian Fish (Crossopterygii, Coelacanthiformes) from Kansas. By Joan Echols. Pp. 475-501, 7 figures. October 25, 1963.11.Observations on the Mississippi Kite in southwestern Kansas. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 503-519. October 25, 1963.12.Jaw musculature of the Mourning and White-winged doves. By Robert L. Merz. Pp. 521-551, 22 figures. October 25, 1963.13.Thoracic and coracoid arteries in two families of birds, Columbidae and Hirundinidae. By Marion Anne Jenkinson. Pp. 553-573, 7 figures. March 2, 1964.14.The breeding birds of Kansas. By Richard F. Johnston. Pp. 575-655, 10 figures. May 18, 1964.Index to come.Vol. 13.1.Five natural hybrid combinations in minnows (Cyprinidae). By Frank B. Cross and W. L. Minckley. Pp. 1-18. June 1, 1960.2.A distributional study of the amphibians of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, México. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 19-72, pls. 1-8, 3 figures in text. August 16, 1960.3.A new subspecies of the slider turtle (Pseudemys scripta) from Coahuila, México. By John M. Legler. Pp. 73-84, pls. 9-12, 3 figures in text. August 16, 1960.4.Autecology of the copperhead. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 85-288, pls. 13-20, 26 figures in text. November 30, 1960.5.Occurrence of the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, in the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains. By Henry S. Fitch and T. Paul Maslin. Pp. 289-308, 4 figures in text. February 10, 1961.6.Fishes of the Wakarusa river in Kansas. By James E. Deacon and Artie L. Metcalf. Pp. 309-322, 1 figure in text. February 10, 1961.7.Geographic variation in the North American cyprinid fish, Hybopsis gracilis. By Leonard J. Olund and Frank B. Cross. Pp. 323-348, pls. 21-24, 2 figures in text. February 10, 1961.8.Descriptions of two species of frogs, genus Ptychohyla; studies of American hylid frogs, V. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 349-357, pl. 25, 2 figures in text. April 27, 1961.9.Fish populations, following a drought, in the Neosho and Marais des Cygnes rivers of Kansas. By James Everett Deacon. Pp. 359-427, pls. 26-30, 3 figures. August 11, 1961.10.Recent soft-shelled turtles of North America (family Trionychidae). By Robert G. Webb. Pp. 429-611, pls. 31-54, 24 figures in text. February 16, 1962.Index. Pp. 613-624.Vol. 14.1.Neotropical bats from western México. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 1-8. October 24, 1960.2.Geographic variation in the harvest mouse. Reithrodontomys megalotis, on the central Great Plains and in adjacent regions. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., and B. Mursaloglu. Pp. 9-27, 1 figure in text. July 24, 1961.3.Mammals of Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 29-67, pls. 1 and 2, 3 figures in text. July 24, 1961.4.A new subspecies of the black myotis (bat) from eastern Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall and Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 69-72, 1 figure in text. December 29, 1961.5.North American yellow bats, "Dasypterus," and a list of the named kinds of the genus Lasiurus Gray. By E. Raymond Hall and J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 73-98, 4 figures in text. December 29, 1961.6.Natural history of the brush mouse (Peromyscus boylii) in Kansas with description of a new subspecies. By Charles A. Long. Pp. 99-111, 1 figure in text. December 29, 1961.7.Taxonomic status of some mice of the Peromyscus boylii group in eastern Mexico, with description of a new subspecies. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 113-120, 1 figure in text. December 29, 1961.8.A new subspecies of ground squirrel (Spermophilus spilosoma) from Tamaulipas, Mexico. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 121-124. March 7, 1962.9.Taxonomic status of the free-tailed bat, Tadarida yucatanica Miller. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., and Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 125-133, 1 figure in text. March 7, 1962.10.A new doglike carnivore, genus Cynaretus, from the Clarendonian Pliocene, of Texas. By E. Raymond Hall and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 135-138, 2 figures in text. April 30, 1962.11.A new subspecies of wood rat (Neotoma) from northeastern Mexico. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 139-143. April 30, 1962.12.Noteworthy mammals from Sinaloa, Mexico. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., Ticul Alvarez, and M. Raymond Lee. Pp. 145-159, 1 figure in text. May 18, 1962.13.A new bat (Myotis) from Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 161-164, 1 figure in text. May 21, 1962.14.The mammals of Veracruz. By E. Raymond Hall and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 165-362, 2 figures. May 20, 1963.15.The recent mammals of Tamaulipas, México. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 363-473, 5 figures in text. May 20, 1963.16.A new subspecies of the fruit-eating bat, Sturnira ludovici, from western Mexico. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. and Gary L. Phillips. Pp. 475-481, March 2, 1964.17.Records of the fossil mammal Sinclairella, Family Apatemyidae, from the Chadronian and Orellan. By William C. Clemens. Pp. 483-491. March 2, 1964.More numbers will appear in volume 14.Vol. 15.1.The amphibians and reptiles of Michoacán, México. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 1-148, pls. 1-6, 11 figures in text. December 20, 1961.2.Some reptiles and amphibians from Korea. By Robert G. Webb, J. Knox Jones, Jr., and George W. Byers. Pp. 149-173. January 31, 1962.3.A new species of frog (Genus Tomodactylus) from western México. By Robert G. Webb. Pp. 175-181, 1 figure in text. March 7, 1962.4.Type specimens of amphibians and reptiles in the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas. By William E. Duellman and Barbara Berg. Pp. 183-204. October 26, 1962.5.Amphibians and Reptiles of the Rainforests of Southern El Petén, Guatemala. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 205-249, pls. 7-10, 6 figures in text. October 4, 1963.6.A revision of snakes of the genus Conophis (Family Colubridae, from Middle America). By John Wellman. Pp. 251-295, 9 figures in text. October 4, 1963.7.A review of the Middle American tree frogs of the genus Ptychohyla. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 297-349, pls. 11-18, 7 figures in text. October 18, 1963.8.Natural history of the racer Coluber constrictor. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 351-468, pls. 19-22, 20 figures in text. December 30, 1963.9.A review of the frogs of the Hyla bistincta group. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 469-491, 4 figures in text. March 2, 1964.More numbers will appear in volume 15.Transcriber's Notes.With the exception of six typographical errors that were corrected and moving the list of Publications to the end of the document, the original text and illustrations are presented as they appeared in the printed version.Typographical CorrectionsPageCorrection585Myiarchis ⇒ Myiarchus590insectivorus ⇒ insectivorous611Vieillot was incorrectly italicized.619Oberholser was incorrectly italicized.624trailii ⇒ traillii642in ⇒ is
Fig 9.—Histograms representing breeding schedules of cardueline and emberizine finchesFig.9.—Histograms representing breeding schedules of cardueline and emberizine finches in Kansas. See legend to Figure 1 for explanation of histograms.
Lark Bunting:Calamospiza melanocorysStejneger.—This species is ordinarily a common summer resident in western Kansas, in grassland and openscrub. Specimens taken in the breeding season and all breeding records except one for western Franklin County come from west of stations in Decatur, Ellis, and Comanche counties. Irregular fluctuations in breeding density have been recorded from Decatur County (Wolfe, 1961). Temporal occurrence is indicated inTable 20.
Breeding schedule.—Fourteen records of breeding span the period May 21 to June 20; the modal date of egg-laying cannot be determined from the present sample.
Number of eggs.—Clutch-size is 4 eggs (4.1, 3-5; 7).
Nests are placed on the ground, at bases of clumps of grasses.
Grasshopper Sparrow:Ammodramus savannarum perpallidus(Coues).—This species is a local and at times common summer resident throughout Kansas, in grassland. Temporal occurrence is indicated inTable 20.
Breeding schedule.—Seven records of breeding fall in the period May 1 to June 30; the modal date of laying seems to be about May 21.
Number of eggs.—Clutch-size is 5 eggs (4.8, 4-5; 5).
Nests are placed on the ground or in low vegetation, with cover of grasses or forbs.
Henslow Sparrow:Passerherbulus henslowii henslowii(Audubon).—This is an uncommon and local summer resident in eastern Kansas, in grassland. Breeding records are from Cloud, Shawnee, Douglas, Morris, and Anderson counties. Temporal occurrence is indicated inTable 20.
Breeding schedule.—Eggs are laid in May and June.
Number of eggs.—Clutch-size is about 5 eggs.
Nests are placed on the ground, usually in bluestem pasture, but in any case grasses.
Lark Sparrow:Chondestes grammacus(Say).—This is a common summer resident in grassland edge habitats.C. g. grammacus(Say) breeds east of the Flint Hills, east of stations in Pottawatomie, Anderson, and Montgomery counties, andC. g. strigatusSwainson breeds west of stations in Clay, Dickinson, Harvey, and Sedgwick counties; specimens from the intervening area are of intermediate subspecific character. Temporal occurrence is indicated inTable 20.
Breeding schedule.—Thirty-nine records of breeding span the period May 1 to July 20 (Fig. 9); the modal date for egg-laying is probably May 25, but the sample may not be reliable in this respect.
Number of eggs.—Clutch-size is 4 eggs (4.1, 3-5; 28).
Nests are usually placed on the ground, in cover of pasture grasses, clover, thistle, milo maize, and soybean; there is one record of a nest one and one-half feet high in a small pine.
Cassin Sparrow:Aimophila cassinii(Woodhouse).—This is a common summer resident in open scrub and grassland edge, to the south and west of Wallace and Comanche counties. Specimens taken in the breeding season and actual nesting records are from Wallace, Hamilton, Kearny, Finney, Morton, and Comanche counties; the A. O. U. Check-list (1957) cites Hays, Ellis County, as a breeding locality, but it is doubtful that the species now occurs there.Breeding schedule.—Eggs are laid in May and June.
Number of eggs.—Clutch-size is about 4 eggs.
Nests are placed on the ground, at bases of small bushes.
Table 20.—Occurrence in Time of Summer Resident American Buntings in KansasSpeciesArrivalDepartureRangeMedianRangeMedianRufous-sided TowheeApr. 2-Apr. 19Apr. 9Sept. 20-Oct. 8Sept. 29Lark BuntingMay 5-May 14May 10................Grasshopper SparrowApr. 12-May 11Apr. 29Aug. 20-Oct. 6Aug. 31Henslow SparrowApr. 14-Apr. 30Apr. 22Oct. 15........Lark SparrowMar. 29-Apr. 21Apr. 18Sept. 13-Oct. 16Oct. 12Chipping SparrowMar. 6-Apr. 29Apr. 23Oct. 3-Nov. 15Oct. 20Field SparrowMar. 4-Apr. 28Apr. 7Oct. 5-Nov. 12Oct. 30
Table 20.—Occurrence in Time of Summer Resident American Buntings in Kansas
Chipping Sparrow:Spizella passerina passerina(Bechstein).—This is an uncommon summer resident in open woodland, second-growth, and edge.S. p. passerinais found east of stations in Barber and Shawnee counties; Chipping Sparrows are not known to breed farther to the west, but records for north-central Kansas are likely to be found. The subspecific affinities of our Chipping Sparrows are entirely with the nominate subspecies, and there is no basis for earlier reports (Long, 1940; Tordoff, 1956; Johnston, 1960) thatS. p. arizonaeCoues (=S. p. boreophilaOberholser) occurs in Kansas.
Breeding schedule.—Nine records of breeding fall in the period May 1 to May 10, in no way indicating the whole span of the breeding season; the species probably lays eggs in May and July, as well as in June.
Number of eggs.—Clutch-size is 4 eggs.
Nests are placed four to 40 feet high in evergreens of a variety of kinds.
Field Sparrow:Spizella pusilla(Wilson).—This species is a common summer resident in grassland and edge habitats.S. p. pusilla(Wilson) breeds in eastern Kansas chiefly east of the Flint Hills;S. p. arenaceaChadbourne breeds in central and western Kansas, intergrading easterly withS. p. pusilla.
Breeding schedule.—Twenty-nine records of breeding span the period April 21 to September 10 (Fig. 9); the modal date for first clutches is May 5.
Number of eggs.—Clutch-size is 4 eggs (4.1, 3-5; 21).
Nests are placed about 10 inches high (ranging from ground level to three feet) in or among coralberry, osage orange, elm, oak, rose, and, once, peony.
Chestnut-collared Longspur:Calcarius ornatus(Townsend).—This was formerly a summer resident in western Kansas, in short-grass habitat. The only known nesting area was in the vicinity of Ft. Hays, Ellis County. The species is to be looked for in prairie with short grass type of vegetation.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Many persons have contributed field observations such as dates of arrival and departure for migrants, and the various activities of the breeding cycle for most of the species here discussed. An alphabetic listing of their names follows.
Galen Abbot, Ruth Abbot, Ted Anderson, Ted F. Andrews, Jon Barlow, Amelia Betts, Grace Thompson Bigelow, L. C. Binford, Bessie Boso, William J. Brecheisen, J. Walker Butin, L. B. Carson, Mrs. Eunice Dingus, Charles S. Edwards, A. S. Gaunt, Sue Griffith, Mrs. Mary F. Hall, J. W. Hardy, Stanley Hunter, Katherine Kelley, E. E. Klaas, W. C. Kerfoot, John A. Knouse, Eugene Lewis, Eulalia Lewis, John Lenz, Nathan H. McDonald, Marno McKaughan, Merrill McHenry, Robert M. Mengel, Robert Merz, Jim Myers, Mary Louise Myers, Mrs. Kathryn Nelson, T. W. Nelson, Steven Norris, Dan Michener, P. W. Ogilvie, Gary C. Packard, Mrs. Marion J. Mengel, Dwight Platt, William Reynolds, Frank Robl, S. D. Roth, Jr., Nancy Saunders, Richard H. Schmidt, Marvin D. Schwilling, T. M. Sperry, Steve Stephens, Max Thompson, Fr. Matthew Turk, Emil Urban, J. W. Wallace, H. E. Warfel, A. W. Wiens, Mrs. Joyce Wildenthal, George Young, and Richard Zenger.
LITERATURE CITED
Aldous, S. E.
1942. The white-necked raven in relation to agriculture. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., Research Rep. 5:1-56.
American Ornithologists' Union, Check-list Committee
1957. Check-list of North American Birds (Lord Baltimore Press, Baltimore), xiii + 691 pp.
Baker, J. R.
1938. The relation between latitude and breeding season in birds. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 108 (A):557-582.
Brown, F. A., Jr.
1960. Response to pervasive geophysical factors and the biological clock problem. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol., 25:57-71.
Cockrum, E. L., Jr.
1952. Mammals of Kansas. Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:1-303.
Davie, O.
1898. Nests and eggs of North American birds (David McKay, Philadelphia). (vi) + 509 pp.
Davis, T. A. W.
1953. An outline of the ecology and breeding seasons of birds of the lowland forest region of British Guiana. Ibis, 95:450-467.
Fitch, H. S.
1958. Home ranges, territories, and seasonal movements of vertebrates of the Natural History Reservation. Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 11:63-326.
Goodrich, A. L., Jr.
1946. Birds in Kansas. Rept. Kansas State Brd. Agric, 44(267): 1-340.
Goss, N. S.
1891. History of the birds of Kansas (G. W. Crane Co., Topeka). 692 pp.
Graber, R., andGraber, J.
1951. Notes on the birds of southwestern Kansas. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 54:145-174.
Hardy, J. W.
1961. Purple martins nesting in city buildings. Wilson Bull., 73:281.
Hopkins, A. D.
1938. Bioclimatics, … U. S. Dept. Agric., Misc. Publ. 280:iv + 188 pp.
Johnston, R. F.
1954. Variation in breeding season and clutch-size in song sparrows of the Pacific coast. Condor, 56:268-273.
1956. Population structure in salt marsh song sparrows, I. Condor, 58:24-44.
1960. Directory to the bird-life of Kansas. Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., Misc. Publ. 23:1-69.
Lack, D.
1947. The significance of clutch-size, I, II. Ibis, 89:302-352.
Lehrman, D. S.
1958. Induction of broodiness by participation in courtship and nestbuilding in the ring dove (Streptopelia risoria). Jour. Comp. Physiol. Psychol., 51:32-36.
Lehrman, D. S.,Brody, P. N., andWortis, R. P.
1961. The presence of the mate and of nesting material as stimuli for the development of incubation behavior and for gonadotropin in the ring dove (Streptopelia risoria). Endocrinol., 68:507-516.
Linsdale, J. M.
1926. The magpie nesting in Kansas. Condor, 28:179-180.
1928. Birds of a limited area in eastern Kansas. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 18:517-626.
1937. The natural history of magpies. Pac. Coast Avif., 25:1-234.
Long, W. S.
1940. Check-list of Kansas birds. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 43:433-456.
Marshall, A. J., andDisney, H. J.de S.
1957. Experimental induction of the breeding season in a xerophilous bird. Nature, 177:143-144.
Mayr, E.
1946. History of the North American bird fauna. Wilson Bull., 38:3-41.
McCabe, T. T., andMcCabe, E. B.
1933. Notes on the anatomy and breeding habits of crossbills. Condor, 35:136-147.
Miller, A. H.
1955a. The expression of innate reproductive rhythm under conditions of winter lighting. Auk, 72:260-264.
1955b. Breeding cycles in a constant equatorial environment in Columbia, South America. Proc. XI Congr. Internat. Ornithol., Basel, 1954: 495-503.
1960. Adaptation of breeding schedule to latitude. Proc. XII Congr. Internat. Ornithol., Helsinki, 1958:513-522.
Moreau, R. E.
1950. The breeding seasons of African birds, I. Land birds. Ibis, 92:223-267.
Nice, M. M.
1937. Studies in the life history of the song sparrow, I. Trans. Linnean Soc. New York, 4:1-247.
Nossaman, L. O.
1952. [Photograph]in"Kansas Fish and Game," 9(3):7.
Parmelee, D.
1961. A nesting colony of black terns in Kansas. Bull. Kansas Ornith. Soc., 12:25-27.
Paynter, R. A., Jr.
1954. Interrelations between clutch-size, brood-size, prefledging survival and weight in Kent Island tree swallows, I. Bird-Banding, 25:35-58.
Schmidt-Koenig, K.
1960. The sun azimuth compass: one factor in the orientation of homing pigeons. Science, 131:826-828.
Snow, D. W.
1955. The breeding of blackbird, song thrush, and mistle thrush in Great Britain. I. Clutch-size. Bird Study, 2:72-84.
Tordoff, H. B.
1956. Check-list of the birds of Kansas. Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist, 8:307-359.
Udvardy, M. D. F.
1958. Ecological and distributional analysis of North American birds. Condor, 60:50-66.
Welter, W. A.
1935. The natural history of the long-billed marsh wren. Wilson Bull., 97:1-34.
Wiener, N.
1958. Nonlinear problems in random theory. (Technology Press, Cambridge, England.)
Williamson, F. S. L.
1956. The molt and testis cycle of the Anna hummingbird. Condor, 58:342-366.
Wolfe, L. R.
1961. The breeding birds of Decatur County, Kansas: 1908-1915. Bull. Kansas Ornith. Soc., 12:27-30.
Zuvanich, J. R.
1963. Forster terns breeding in Kansas. Bull. Kansas Ornith. Soc., 14:1-3.
Fig. 10Click on map to view larger size image.Fig. 10.—Map of Kansas showing names of counties.
Click on map to view larger size image.
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Transcriber's Notes.With the exception of six typographical errors that were corrected and moving the list of Publications to the end of the document, the original text and illustrations are presented as they appeared in the printed version.Typographical CorrectionsPageCorrection585Myiarchis ⇒ Myiarchus590insectivorus ⇒ insectivorous611Vieillot was incorrectly italicized.619Oberholser was incorrectly italicized.624trailii ⇒ traillii642in ⇒ is
Transcriber's Notes.
With the exception of six typographical errors that were corrected and moving the list of Publications to the end of the document, the original text and illustrations are presented as they appeared in the printed version.
Typographical Corrections
PageCorrection585Myiarchis ⇒ Myiarchus590insectivorus ⇒ insectivorous611Vieillot was incorrectly italicized.619Oberholser was incorrectly italicized.624trailii ⇒ traillii642in ⇒ is