A, one, a single:A gatis, in one way, uniformly, IV. 702Abaid,s., delay:v., waited = abodeAbais,v., to abash, dismay, discourage;p.p.Abaysit, dismayedAbasing, Abaysyng, etc.,s., dismay, discouragementAbandoune, Abaundoune, give up;make subject, IV. 655, etc.;behave boldly:at abandoune, recklessly;in abandoune, looselyAbovin,prep.andadv., above (A.S.ábúfan);also AbufAcquyt,v., freeAdo, to do =at do(N.E. infin.), X. 348Afald, “one fold,” single, XX. 618Affeir, Affer,s., bearing, pompAfferis, belongs to, becomes (Anglo-Fr.afferir, to belong). See EffeirAffermit, confirmedAffy, trustAgane, Aganis, againstAir, Ayr,s., heirAir, Ayr,adv., ere, formerly (A.S.ǣr). See EirAir,v., are, IV. 704Alabast, alabasterAlkyn,adj., every kindAller,gen. pl.of all:thar aller, of them all, I. 137. SeeGrammarAll-gat, Allgait, always;every way, XVIII. 451All-weldand, “all-wielding,” omnipotentAlsone, Alsoyn(e), as soon, very soonAls-tit, very soonAlsua, alsoAlswith, very quicklyAmeyssyt, appeased, XVI. 134 (O.F.amesir)Amonist,v., to admonish, exhort, VIII. 348Amonestyng, Amonystyng,s., advice, exhortationAmorus,adj., amorousAmouris,s., loveAmovis,v., moves;p.p., AmovytAnamalyt,p.p., enamelled, XX. 305Anciente, antiquity, VI. 252 (A.F.ancienté)Anent,prep., near;towards;opposite to, XIX. 512Anerly, only, merely, aloneAngyr, anger, affliction, suffering, I. 235, II. 519;alsoadj., Angry, difficult, unfavourable, V. 70;pained, III. 530;annoying, XVIII. 515Anis, Anys, once:at anys, at onceA-pane, for all that, nevertheless;really a mere expletive: “at a pinch” (Skeat)Apert,adj., open:in apert, openly, XIX. 217Appurvait, providedAquynt, acquaintedAr, Air, Ayr,adv., before, formerly (A.S.ǣr)Ar, an oar;pl.arisArbytre, judgment, decision, I. 75 (O.F.arbitreorarbitrie)Arest,s.andv., arrest, stopArettit,v.,p.p., accused, XIX., 20 (O.F.aretter, to accuse)Arsoune, saddle-bow, XVI. 131Assay,v., “essay,” try, attempt, attack;alsop.t., underwent, I. 448Assege,s., siege;alsov., Assegit, besiegedAssenyhe, war-cry;also, ensenyheAssentit, “assented,” agreedAssignit,p.p., assignedAssis, assize, court of law, XIX. 55Assolyheit,v.,p.t., absolved, set freeAssonyheit,p.p., excused (O.F.essoigner)Assouerans,s., assuranceAssouerit,v., “assured,” give confidence to, encourage, VI. 225;alsointrans., to have confidence in, rely upon, XI. 309Ath, Ayth, oathAtour,prep., over, aboveAtour,s., gear, equipment (O.F.atour,ator, furniture, gear)Aucht,v., ought;p.p., possessed, I. 45Auchty, eightyAulde, oldAvailyhe, Availl, to be of useAvalyhe, in phrase IX. 147, “avail what may avail,” come what will.Availl,v., lowerAvaward, vanguardAvenand, handsome, graceful (O.F.avenant, well-proportioned)Avent,v., to give air to, cool, XII. 145Aventurous, “adventurous,” dangerous, riskyAverty, shrewd, prudentAvisè, skilful, II. 271, prudentAvisment, Avisement, advice, considerationAvis, advice, opinion;sound judgment, X. 269Awayward, in their going away, XVI. 584Awblasteris, arbalisters, crossbow-men, XVII. 236 (E). See OblesterisAwmener, a purse (O.F.aumosniere, a bag for alms)Awter, altar, II. 33, 34Aynd,s., breath (O.N.andi)Aynding,s., breathingAy-quhar, everywhereAyr, oar;pl.AyrisAyth, oathBacheler, Bachiller, a young knight, not displaying his own banner but following that of anotherBaid. See AbaidBaill, burning mass (A.S.bǣl, great fire)Bailyheys, bailiffsBair,v.,p.t., boreBait, Bate, a boat (A.S.bāt)Baitit,v.,p.t., baited, fed. See BaytBaneour, a banner-bearerBanys, bonesBanyst,v.,p.p., banishedBanrentis, bannerets, XI. 259: knights bringing vassals under their own banner.Cf.BachelerBar,v.,p.t., bore:bar on hand, maintained against, hence condemned, excluded, I. 62. See noteBarblyt, barbedBarell-ferraris, vessels for carrying liquid, XV. 39. See noteBargane,s.andv., fight, encounterBarganyng,s., fighting, combatBarnage, baronage (O.F.barnaige, gathering of barons)Barnè = barnage (word of two syllables)Barras, barriers, outwork (O.F.barres;pl.ofbarre, a stake)Barrit,p.t., barredBasnet, a helmet of conical shape (O.F.bacin, a basin, giving dimin.bacinet)Bat(e), boat. See BaitBath, bothBattaillyt, Battalit, furnished with battlementsBattale, battell, a battalion, division of the armyBattel-sted, a battlefield, XV. 74Bauld,adj., bold;alsoadv., BauldlyBayt, to feedBawlmyt, embalmedBe,prep., byBedene, Bedeyn, straightway, quickly;in XV. 108 as an expletive, or with no particular forceBeforn,prep.andadv., beforeBegouth,v.,p.t.of began. SeeGrammar.Begunnyn, Begonnyn,v.,p.p., begunBehaldand,v.,pr. p., beholdingBehufis,v. impers., it behoves:behufit away, had to go, VI. 210Bekand, warming, XIX. 552Belif(f), speedily, soonBemys, beamsBenk, benchBerdlass, beardlessBerfrois, a tower, modernbelfry. See note X. 708Berne, a barnBerynes,s., burial, variant of “buriness” (A.S.byrignes, a burial)Bet,v., beat, XIII. 158Bet,v.,p.t., improved, mended, XIX. 497 (A.S.betan, to better, repair)Betane, pursued,p.p.(Northern) ofbetake, III. 159Betaucht. See BetecheBetraiss, to betray;p.p.Betrasyt, BetresytBeteche, to commit, hand over;part., betauchtBetyd,v.;pr. sub., happenBiggit, built and so, inhabited, XIV. 383Bikkyr, Bykkir, to skirmish;pr. part., Bikkyrring;p.t., BykkeritBlenknyt,v.;p.t., blinked, glanced;variant of next formBlenkyt, looked to the side, glanced, shone (A.S.blīcan, to shine)Bodword, a message, XV. 423 (N.E. only)Bodyn,p.p.(obs.), of Bid, bidden, challenged to fight;armed, VII. 103Bollis, bushelsBoruch, pledge (A.S.borh, a pledge)Bot, butBoune, Bown, Bowne, prepared, ready;adj.andp.p.;v., bown, to make readyBow-draucht, bow-shotBourdand, jesting, humorous, VIII. 383 (O.F.bourder, to jest)Boyis, fetters, X. 763 (O.F.boie,buie)Brad, Braid, broadBra-syd, brae—i.e., hill-sideBrast,v., to break, “burst,” XV. 479;p.t., Brest, Brist.SeeLanguage, “r”Bredis,v., expand, spread out, XVI. 68 (A.S.brædan, to spread)Breid, breadth:on breid, in breadth (A.S.brædu, breadth)Brig, Bryg,s., bridge: asv., Briggit, bridgedBrocht, broucht, broughtBrowdyn,p.p., embroideredBruk(e),v., enjoyBrulyheit, broiled, burnedBrym, shore;originally “the line which separates the land from the sea” (Max Müller)Bryn, to burn. SeeLanguage, “r”Brynstane, brimstoneBundin, Bundyn,p.p., boundBurchis,s. pl., burghs, townsBurd, board: Burdys, Burdis (II. 96, V. 388), the boards of a temporary tableBurgeonys, leaves, fresh shoots, V. 10Buschement, an ambushBusk, to prepare oneself, get ready;past, buskitBut,prep., without:but persaving, without being seen, XVII. 92Bynk. See BenkByrd, it behoved;past of reflexive verb: VI. 316Byrkis, birchesByrnys, “birnies,” shirts of mailCald, Cauld, coldCall, to drive. See note on X. 227;labour, XIX. 174Can, did (auxiliary).Cf.GanCant, active, briskCar, “care” in sense of grief, regretCariage, Caryage,s., baggageCarle, Carll, churl, peasantCarpand,v.,pr. p., talkingCarpi(y)ng,s., speaking, narrativeCataill, Catell, property, III. 735, V. 275. See Fe. Chaucer has it in this senseCause, Cawse (two syllables), causeway, highroad (O.Nor.F.caucie=chaussée)Certis, certainly, I. 21, XVII. 812Chak-wachis,s., “check-watches,” inspectors of the guardChallans,s., challengeChallans,v., accuse, XIX. 60 (O.F.chalonger)Chalmer, Chamur, Chamyr, Chawmer, chamber. See onLanguage, “m”Chapyt,p.p., escapedCharge, business on hand, I. 141Chargeand,pr. p.of charge, load, XVI. 458;p.p., chargit, IV. 401, etc.Charre (two syllables),s., a collection of chariots or waggonsChasty,v., to chasten;check, I. 122;reprove, IX. 742, 743, 751Cheis, Cheys, choose. See ChesChekys, gate-posts, X. 229Chemyr, “Chimer,” a loose gown, specially that of a bishop, to which the lawn sleeves are attached, XVI. 580Ches,v., to choose;p.t., Chesi(y)t;p.p., ChosynChevisance, provision, III. 402 (O.F.chevir, to furnish)Cheyff, in: directly from the Lord ParamountChilder,s. pl., children. SeeGrammarChildyne,s.—i.e., childing, travail with a childChos,s., choice, III. 264Claif, Clafe, Claff,v.,p.t., clove, cleftClap, knock, noise, X. 401Cled,v.,p.t., cladCleket, catch, trigger (F.cliquet, a catch), X. 401;XVII. 674Clengit, cleared, emptiedClergy, learning, IV. 689Clerkis, men of learning, I. 249Clething, clothingCleuch, a gorge, hollowClummyn,p.p.of Clym, climbCole (two syllables), a buffet. See note on VII. 623Com,s., comingCompering,s., comparison, I. 261Compositur, arbiter, I. 883Conabill,adj., proper, fitting, III. 290, V. 266 (O.F.covenable, suitable)Confort, comfortConand. See CunnandConsaf,v., conceive;p.p., consavit, XX. 186Conteyning, Contynyng = containing,s., demeanour, behaviourConteyn,v., demean or carry oneself;past, ContenytContrar,adj., contrary;also Contrar,s., oppression, I. 461Contraryit,v.,p.t., countered, opposedConvyn, Convyne. See CovyneCosynage, relationship, V. 135Cosyne, cousin, near relativeCoupillyt, “coupled,” unitedCouth, (1) could, (2) didauxiliary, III. 460, XX. 250;past ofcan.SeeGrammar(Verb)Covatis, covetousnessCover,v., to recover;p.t., CoveritCoveryng, recovery, IX. 113Covyne,s., counsel, XIII. 122;agreement, mental power, IX. 77;secret design or contrivance;condition, XIII. 219 (O.F.covine,couvine,convine, manner of being, contrivance)Crakkis (“cracks”), explosions;gynis for crakkis, engines for explosions, guns, XVII. 250;so alsocrakkis of wer, XIX. 399Croice,s., cross, III. 461Cruk,s., a “crook,” a large hook, X. 363Crykis, crevices, X. 602, 605 (O.F.crique)Cuke, a cookCulter, a coulter, IV. 113Cummyrsum, “cumbersome,” difficult to crossCun,v., to know, XIX. 182 (A.S.cunnan, to know)Cunnand,s., covenant, agreementCunnannes,s., cunning, III. 712Cuntyrnans = Countynans, Contenance, face, manner, IX. 273Cunyhe, a coign, cornerCustumabilly, customarily, XV. 236Dang. See DyngDantè, Daynte,s., pleasure, eagerness, honour, affectionDaw, of, “of day”—i.e., out of life:doyn out of dawis, killed, VI. 650Dawing, Dawyng,s., dawningDawit,p.t., dawned;p.pt., DawynDe,v., to die;p.t., DeitDebowalit, Debowellit,v.,p.p., disembowelled. XX. 285, 570Ded, Deid,s., death;pl., Dedis, XVII. 115:done to ded, slainDedeynyheit, him,v.,p.t. impers., he deignedDefawtyt, “defaulted,” put in fault, I. 182Defoull, defileDegyse (three syllables), feigned, XIX. 459 (F.déguisé, disguised)Deill,s., part, bit:nocht a deill, not a bitDelitabill, pleasantDeli(y)ver,adj., nimble, quick;alsoadv., Deliverly, DelyverlyDemanyne, to waste, spoil, ill-treat;to rule, manage;to be behaved, to conduct oneself, V. 229:p.t., Demane(y)t (O.F.demener, to treat, exercise, etc.)Dempt, doomedDemyng, judgment, doomDemys, judges, decides (A.S.dēman, to judge)Den,v., to dam, XIV. 354Depart, to part, depart, VI. 552Der,v., dare, risk. III. 382Deray, disorder, injury (O.F.desrai, disorder, harm)Derenyhe,v., prove, vindicate (O.F.desraisnier, to render a reason, defend);s., single combat or duel, XIII. 324, 325Derff, strong, daringDeris,v., harms (A.S.derian, to harm)Det,s., debtDevis,v., narrate;determine, propose, plan (F.deviser, speak, decide, etc.);alsonoun,at all devis, in every way, IV. 264, etc.;at thair devis, to their liking, according to their plan, X. 363Devour, duty (O.F.deveir)Dey,v., to die;p.t., Deyt.See DeDicht,v., dress, prepare (A.S.dihtan, to prepare);p.p., DychtDigne, worthyDik, ditch, entrenchment;asv.,Dik thame, entrench themselves, XVII. 271Disclar,v., declare, I. 75Discrif, Discryre,v., describe;p.p., DiscrivitDiscure,v., discoverDiscurrouris, “discoverers,” scouts, spiesDisese,s., discomfortDisherys, Dysherysys,v., disinheritDispari(y)t,v.,p.p., in despairDispend,v., to spendDispending,s., what they might spend—i.e., money—VIII. 509Dispitous,adj., spiteful, cruel;alsoadv., spitefully, severely, angrilyDisponis,v., disposesDispulyheit,p.p., despoiledDissaf,v., deceiveDissat,s., deceitDistrenyhit, compelledDistrowbilling,s., disturbance, annoyance, V. 216Dittit, closed up (A.S.,dyttan, to close up)Do, thrive, succeed, II. 128Dochtrys, daughters, I. 200Dongen, Dungin. See DyngDosnyt, Doysnyt, stunned, dazedDour, determined, stubborn, severeDowtyne,s., doubting, XIV. 230Doyne,p.p.of do, doneDre, Drey,v., endure (A.S.drëogan, to suffer)Dreid,s., dread, fear:but drede, doubtless, IV. 277;withouten dreid, without doubt, V. 579Dreuch, Drewch, drew, draggedDrif, Dryf, Dryve,v., to drive;continue, X. 699;pull, X. 255;Drafe, DrivinDrouery, Drowry, love. See note on VIII. 492Dule, sadness, grief (O.F.duel,dueil, sorrow, suffering)Dulfull, “doleful,” sadDusche, a heavy blowDuschit, fell heavily, XVII. 693Dyng,v., strike;past, Dang;p.p., Dungin, DoungynDynnyt, made a sound, XVI. 131Dyspitit,v.,p.t., treated spitefully, hated, IV. 596E, Ey,s., eye. See EynEffer, Effeir(e), Effere (also Affeir),s., bearing, demeanour, I. 361, V. 608, VII. 126, etc.;stature, XX. 515;equipment, belongings, XI. 196;business, X. 305 (O.F.afaire, thing, business, etc.)Efferis. See AfferisEffray, fear;also EffrayingEffrait, Effrayit,p.p., terrified;alsoadv., EffrayitlyEft, again, VI. 378Eftir,adv., afterwards;prep., after;also Eftirward, EfterwartisEftsonis, soon afterEgging,s., urging, pressingEild, Elde,s., ageEir, Er(e),adv., “ere,” beforeEisfull, easy, V. 70Ek,v., add toEk,adv., also (A.S.ēac)Eld-fadir, grandfatherEldris, Eldrys, elders, forefathersElys, eels, II. 577Emang, amongEmbandownyt,v.,p.p., subjected. See AbandouneEnchawfyt,v.,p.p., heated, incensedEnchesoun(e), Enchesone, occasion, reason, cause (O.F.enchaison; Lat.occasionem)Enclynit,v.,p.t., inclinedEndentur,s., indentureEndlang,prep.andadv., along;forward, XIX. 356:endlang furth, right along forward, XVI. 548Eneuch, enoughEnew,adj. pl., enoughEnfors,s., force, XVII. 448Enforsaly, Enforcely, forciblyEnforsit, “enforced,” strengthenedEngreif, Engreiff, grieve, annoyEngynour, engineer, XVII. 434, 663Enkrely, Encrely, especially;really, III. 529;earnestly, heartilyEnpres, Enpris, Empris, enterprise;price, value, X. 507Ensample, Ensampill, etc.,s., exampleEnselyt,v.,p.t., sealedEns(s)enyhe, war-cry (O.F.enseigne, banner, war-cry)Entencioune, intention, X. 527Ententif, attentive;alsoadv., EntentilyEntremas, or Entremess, something served between the courses of a banquet (O.F.entremès=entremets)Enveronyt, environed, surroundedErar,adv., sooner, ratherErd, earth:at erd, on the groundErding, Erdyng,s., burialErdit,v.,p.p., buriedErnystfully, earnestly, seriously, VIII. 144Erynes, fear, II. 295Es, Eys, ease, I. 228:male es,mail eis, disease, XX. 73, 74. See Male-essEscheiff, XIX. 778. See EscheveEschele, Eschell, a squadron, company (O.F.eschele)Escheve,v., to achieve;past, Eschevyt;p.p., EschevitEschewe,v., to eschew, avoidEspyne, a long boat, XVII. 719 (O.N.espingr)Et(e),v., to eat;Ete, Eyt, Etyn, VII. 169, 170Etlyng, Etling, aim, endeavour, intentionEverilk, everyExorcisaciones, exorcisings, IV. 750Eym(e), uncle (A.S.ēam);Emy’s, uncle’sEyn(e), eyes;pl.of E, EyEyth, easy, XVII. 454 (A.S.īethe)Fa, Fay, a foe (A.S.fāh);pl., Fais, Fayis;also Famen, foemenFailyhe,v., to fail, give way, faint, loseFair,s., manner, XI. 256;condition, success, XVI. 21;journeyFalding,s., falling, changeFaldyn, fallen, XI. 547. See noteFall-brig, “fall-bridge,” drawbridge, XVII. 419Fallow,s., fellow, companionFallow,v., to followFalset, Falsat, Falsade, falsehoodFand,v.,p.t., foundFanding. See FayndFantiss, Fayntice, faintness of heart;Fantyss, deceit, XVII. 51Far,v., to fare, go;p.p., Farn, Faryne;s., ‘fare,’ circumstance, pomp;effort, XVII. 400;good cheer, XIX. 730;adv., fairly, becominglyFarand, Farrand, handsome, fit, II. 514, XI. 95Fardele, a bundleFarlyit,v.,p.t., wondered. See FerlyFarsis,v., stuffs (F.farcir, to stuff)Fassoun, Fassownys (pl.), fashion, wayFast,adv., earnestly, zealously, I. 42;strongly, vigorously, XIII. 129Faucht, Fawcht, foughtFawt, Faute, faultFay, faith, fealty:at a fay, “at one faith”—i.e., subject to the same lordFaynd,v.(Scots form of Fand, obsolete verb), try, tempt;past, Fayndit;p.p., Fayndit (A.S.fandian, to try, prove);alsos., Faynding, “tempting of Providence” (Skeat), III. 268.Cf.XII. 364Fe, Fee, cattle;property, XIII. 725 (A.S.feoh, cattle, goods);Chaucer has “catel” (cattle) in this sense of wealth;of fee, by fief, in feudal ownership, XI. 456;pl., here Feys, I. 58Feble,v., to become feeble, II. 384Feblis,v., to enfeeble;p.p., FeblistFechand, fetching, III. 428. SeeLanguage, etc.Fecht, to fightFechting, Fechtyne,s., fightingFechting-sted,s., place of fightingFeill, Fele, Feyll,adj., many (A.S.fele)Feir, Fer,adj., unhurt:haill and feir, safe and soundFeir, Fere,s., companion (A.S.gēfera, a travelling companion)Fell,v., pertained, XVII. 176;befell, happenedFelloun(e), Feloune, “terrible,” cruel, wicked;alsoadv., Fellounly, etc.Felly,adv., cruelly, severely, exceedingly;also FellelyFelouny,s., cruelly, fierceness, harmFendis, fiends, IV. 224Fens, defence, XX. 384Fenyhe,v., to feign;alsos., Fenyheyng, feigning, I. 74Fer,adv., far:fer out the mair, very much the more, VI. 666;on fer, afar;Fer-furth, far forward, XIX. 376Ferd, fourthFerd,v.,p.t., fared. See FarFerlifull, wonderfulFerly,s., a wonderFerly,adj., wonderful (A.S.fǣrlīc, “fear-like,” strange);alsoadv.Ferm,adj., firm;adv., FermlyFerrer, Ferrest,adj., farther, farthest, XIX. 537, 530Ferryit, farrowedFersly, fiercelyFesnyng, Festnyng,s., fastening, compact, XX. 57;confinement, XV. 309Fetrys, fettersFewte, fealty, serviceFey, dying, doomed, XV. 45 (Icel.feigr, doomed to die)Feys, fiefs, I. 58Ficht. See Fecht. Fichtyne = FechtingFlaggatis, faggotsFlaikes, hurdles, XIX. 742*. See footnoteFlang,v.,p.t., flungFlatlyngis, flat, XII. 59Flaw, flew;p.t.of FleFlawmand, “flaming,” fluttering brightly, XI. 192Flechand, cajolingFletand, Fleting, floatingFleying,s., “fleeing,” flight, XIX. 459Fleyit,p.p., frightened, scaredFlicht, Flycht, flightFlote, a fleet (cf.A.S.flota, a ship);on flot, afloat, XIV. 359Flure, floor, V. 400Fluss, pool, XIII. 20Flyt, float, III. 420For,prep., against, XIV. 115Forbeft, quite beaten, XVII. 793;Beft (N.E.) means “to strike, to beat”;“For” is intensiveForby, byFordid, “did for,” spoiledForfalt, forfeited, XIII. 499Forfayr, go to ruin;past subj., Forfure, go wrong, fail, X. 529 (A.S.forfaran)Forgane, “fore-gainst,” opposite to, XVI. 555Forlorn, quite lost, X. 246Forly,v., violate, I. 199Formast,adv., foremostForouch, For(r)outh, For(r)ow,prep., “for with,” beforeForout, Forowt, withoutForouten, Foroutyn, Forowtyn,prep., without, besides (A.S.forūtan)Forouth. See ForouchForow, Forrow, beforeForsicht, Forsycht,s., foresightForsuk, avoided, turned from, XIV. 315Forspokyn,v.,p.p., agreed uponForswat,v.,p.p., covered with sweat, VII. 2Forsy(e), strongForthi, therefore (A.S.forthī)Forthirmar,adv., fartherFortravalit,v.,p.p., exhausted by labourForwounderit,v.,p.p., greatly surprised, VI. 10Foundyn,v.,p.p., foundFoysoun(e), Fusioune, abundance, great number (O.F.foison, plenty)Fra, fromFrakly, eagerly, VII. 166 (A.S.frac, bold)Franchis, liberty, XI. 268 (O.F.franchise, freedom)Fra-thine, from that time forwardFray,s., fear, XV. 255Fraying, clanking, clashing, X. 653 (O.F.freiier, to rub)Frely, noble, III. 578. See note (A.S.frēolic, free-handed, noble)Frer, a friar, XVIII. 300Frest, delay (Icel.frest, delay)Freyast, freestFreyndsome, friendlyFroggis, frocks, X. 375Froytis, fruits, X. 191Frusch(e),s., rush, crash, charge;v., to crush in or break violently (O.F.fruissier,froissier, to break)Fudyr, “fodder,” a load, specially a waggon-load, as here, X. 198 (A.S.fōther, a load)Fule-hardyment,s., fool-hardiness, VI. 337, 340Fundyng, benumbment with cold (O.F.emfondre).Fundyn, Fundin,v.,p.p., found, provided forFunyheit, “foined,” fencedFur(e),p.t.of Fare, fared, went on his way;behaved, II. 503Furrit, furredFusioune. See FoysounFut-breid,s., foot’s-breadth, XI. 365Fute, person. III. 578. See noteFut(e)-hate, “foot-hot,” with all speedFyschit,v.,p.p., fixed, resolved, XX. 178Ga, go;p.p., Gane, gaynGabbing,s., lie, deceit (A.S.gabban, to lie, jest);p.p., Gabbit, IV. 290Gaddering, Gaderyng,s., gathering;asv.,p.t., Gad(d)eretGadwand, goad or whip, X. 232. (A.S.gād)Gaf(f), Gaiff, gaveGalay,v., reel, II. 422Gam(m)yn, game, play (A.S.gamen, sport)Gan,v.=p.t.ofginnen, used as an auxiliary, did.Cf.CanGang, go;walk, in phrasegang no ryd, IV. 193;pr.p., GangandGarris. See GerGast, ghost, XIX. 214Gat, way:a gatis, in one way, IV. 702Gayne-cumming, “against-coming,” attack, II. 450Gayne-geving, “again-giving,” restoration, I. 115Geddis, pikes (the fish) (O.N.gedda)Ger,v., to cause;p.t., GertGestis, joists, beams, XVII. 597. See noteGhyle, guile, I. 172Gif(f), Gyff,conj., if:bot gif, unlessGladschip, gladness (A.S.glaedscipe)Gle, Glew, glee;also game or business, affair inyheid the gle, I. 90, etcGlemand, gleamingGliffnyt,v.,p.t., looked quickly upGlowand, glowingGottyn, Gottin,p.p., gotGovernale, government, skill in governingGraith, ready;alsoadv., Graithly, Grathly, directly, speedily (O.N.greithr, ready)Granting, confession, XIX. 45Granys, groansGrathit,v.,p.t.andp.p., made readyGravyn,v.,p.p., buried, IV. 309Gret(e), to weep (A.S.grētan);alsos., Greting, weepingGretumly, greatly, extremelyGrevis,s., groves, V. 13Grewit thame,v.,p.t.,impers., it made them shudder. See GrowGrow, to quake with terror, to shake;p.t., Growit, GrewitGruching, grudging, XVI. 19;Gruchys,v., objects, II. 123Grund, “ground,” land, XX. 325. See noteGrundyn,p.p., groundGude,s., property, XVII. 105;pl., GudisGyit,p.p., guided;stillSc.in “guy-rope,” guiding-rope (O.F.guier, to guide)Gyn,s., device, stratagem;Gyne, engine, XVII. 682, 691;Gynnys,pl., contrivance, some sort of net or trap, II. 576 (O.F.engin, from Lat.ingenium)Gynour,s., engineer. See aboveGyrd,s., a sharp stroke, blow;alsopr. p., Gyrdand, rushing forward, II. 417Gyrnand, growling, speaking angrily, IV. 322;Skeat says “grinning,” of which it is a variant by metathesis ofr, but also with a different shade of meaning; it is an ordinary Scots word in sense givenGyrs,s., grass (A.S.gers)Gyrth, sanctuaryHachit,s., hatchetHaill, Hale, Halle,adj., whole, sound:all haill, wholly;also =adv., Halely, Halyly, HalyHailsyt, Halsit, saluted, II. 153Haldaris,s., holdersHalf-deill, half-part, half, XIV. 188, 497Hals, neckHalsing, salutation, VII. 117Haltand,pr. p., “halting,” lameHaly, holy (A.S.hālig)Hamly,adj.andadv., homely, kindly, in a friendly wayHansell,s., a present at the commencement, V. 120Hardis,s., “hards,” or bundles of flax-fibresHardnyt,v.,p.t., emboldened, urged on, XII. 500Harnas, armour (O.F.harnois, with dialectal formharnas)Harnys, brainsHat,v.,p.t., was named;p.p., Hattyn (A.S.,hātan, to be called);p.p.,haten, N.E.Hat, Hate, Het,adj., hot;alsoadv., Hat, hotlyHawbrekis, hauberksHawbryschownys, habergeonsHawch,s., haugh, low-land, XVI. 336Hawtane, proud, I. 196 (O.F.haltain, high)Haym(e), homeHe, Hee, Hey,adj., high;alsoadv., loud (A.S.hēh)Hecht, to promise;to be named (A.S.heht,pret.ofhātan;used as present, N.E. See Hat)Hede-soyme, the rope attaching the yoke to the waggon, X. 180Heill,v., cover;p.t.andp.p., Helit, Helyt, covered, hid (A.S.helan, to cover)Heirschip, harrying, wasting (A.S.hergian, to ravage with an army,here)Helde,v., to incline;pr. p., Heldand, inclining, V. 153Heling,s., coveringHelmys, helmetsHely,adv., highly, loudlyHendir, behind, past.Cf.Hendirmar, HenmastHer, master (Skeat, reading doubtful), IX. 640Herbery, Herbry,s., lodging (A.S.herebeorga, shelter for an army)Herberyv. reflex, to “harbour” themselves, take lodging;p.t.Herberyd, HerbryitHerbreouris, men sent on to secure lodgingsHerd,adj.andadv., hardHerrodis, heraulds (O.F.heraut)Hertit, heartened, encouraged, XVI. 662Hevede,s., head, V. 11 (A.S.hēafod)Heych,adj., high;s., Heycht, Hicht, a height:into the hicht, openly, V. 487Heyt,p.p., raised “high,” exaltedHicht,s., a promiseHicht,v.See Hecht or HeychHiddillis, Hyddillis, a hiding-place (sing.), VI. 382 (A.S.hydels, a den)Hidwys,adj., hideous;adv., HydwislyHing, Hyng, to hangHint, Hynt, seized, took (A.S.hentan, to seize)Ho,s., delay, XX. *429. See noteHobland, tossing about, IV. 447Hobleris, light horsemen—i.e., riders on unarmoured horses—(Anglo-Fr.hobeleor—our, derivative ofhobin. See next)Hobynis, light horses not strong enough to wear armour (O.F.hobin,hobi, apparently of English origin)Holl,adj., hollow, deep, VIII. 176Holl,adj., whole, VI. 78How-gatis, how. See GatHowis, holes, XI. 153Howis, “hoes,” picks on long poles for warlike purposes, XVII. 344 (F.houe, a hoe)Hoyn,s., delayHude, a hood;pl.Hudis, XIX.332Hufe, remain, lie in wait;pr. p., Hufand, HuvandeHumely, Humylly, humblyHuntand,pr. p., huntingHusband, a small farmerHuvande. See HufeHy,s., haste;v. reflex, to hasten (A.S.higian, to hie)Hyde, skin, III. 584. II. 511Hye,adj., high;adv., loudly;v., to heightenHyne,s., a hind, lad, XII. 460Hyrcheoune, hedgehog (O.F.heriçon, a hedgehog)Ic, IIk,adv., eke;also III. 326. See EkIlk, Ilka, same, each. SeeGrammarfor distinctionIlkan(e), Ilkone, everyone, each oneInew,adj., enough. See EnewInewch, enoughInfair, a house-warming, XVI. 340Inforcely,adv., with great forceInforsit,v.,p.t., “enforced,” strengthened, IV. 65Ingrevand,pr. p., “engrieving,” annoyingIn-myd,prep., amidInnouth,prep., withinIn-sundir,adv., asunderIntermelle, mixed up, confusedly, XIV. 215In-till,prep., in, intoIntwyn, asunder, VIII. 175Isch,v., to issue;p.t., IschytIwiss,adv., certainly, truly, XVI. 154 (A.S.gewis, certain)Jolely, handsomely, wellJoly, handsome, good; gay, high-spirited, VIII. 446 (F.joli)Journee, a day’s work, a battle or feat of arms (Fr.)Jowele, jewel, XVIII. 360Juntly, close up, XVII. 689Justing,s., jousting, XIX. 520Karlis, “churls,” fellows (O.N.karl, a man)Ken,v., to know, recognize, perceive;instruct, direct, show;pres., Kennys, IV. 748;p.t., Kend;p.p., KendKendlyt,v.,p.p., kindledKep, Keip,s., heed:takand na kep, taking no heed, I. 212Kers, Carse, low land bordering a riverKest,v.,p.t., castKinrik, Kynrik, kingdomKnaf, Knave, a boy:knaiff child, a male childKnawyng,s., knowledgeKy,pl.of cow (A.S.cū,cȳ)Kyndly,adj., of nature, IV. 721, etc.Kyne,s., kind:na kyn(e), of no kindKynrik, kingdom, royal powerKyrnaill,s., a battlement (O.F.crenelle)Kyt, a wooden vessel or pailLadis,s., loadsLafe, Laif(f), Layff, Lave, the rest, the remainder (A.S.lāf)Landar (E., Lavender), Layndar, a laundressLand-brist, surfLang, long.Cf.LangarLansit, Lansyt, bounded, dashed forward (O.F.lancier, throw forward;the O.Nor.F. formlancherhas been adopted as “Launch”)Lans,s., rush, leap, X. 414Lap,v.,p.t., leaptLardener, a larder. V. 410Larg(e), liberal (O.F.large)Larges, bounty, liberty:at his larges, to the full, VII. 378Lasair, Lasare, Laser, Laseir, leisureLat,s., let, hindrance, XII. 516Lat,v., letLat, Layt,adj., lateLate,s., manner, behaviour, VII. 127 (O.N.læte, manners)Lauchand, laughingLaute, Lawte, Leawte, loyalty, truth (O.F.leaute)Law, Lawch, low:compar., LawerLawchtane, dull coloured, dark (Gaeliclachdunn= Irishlachtna, N.E.D.), XIX. 672Lawit,v., loweredLayd-men,s., “load-men,” the men in charge of the pack-horses, VIII. 466Lechis, doctorsLechyng,s., healingLeddir, a ladderLege, full, free:in lege poustè, “in health and full possession of one’s faculties” (N.E.D.), V. 165Leif,v.ands., leave:but leif, without leave, XVII. 863Leis,v., lose;p.t.andp.p., Lesit (A.S.lēosan, to lose)Leit, think, consider (A.S.lǣtan)Leit,v., let, XVII. 850. See LatLele, Leile, Leyle,adj., leal, faithful;alsoadv., Lely, Lelely, LelylyLendit. See LeyndLenteryne, Lent, the springLenye, “lean”Lesing.s., lying (A.S.lēasung, falsehood)Lesit, Lessit, Lesyt,v., lostLest, List,imper. v., it pleases, VII. 314 (A.S.lystan, to please)Let, Letting,s., hindrance;adv.Letless, without hindrance XVI. 568Let,v., to hinder, allay, prevent;p.t., Letit, LettytLeve, to leave, to remainLevir, ratherLevit, Levit:war levit of, had taken their leave of, XX. 577Leyme, flame, XI. 191 (A.S.lēoma, a ray of light)Leynd, to remain, waitLeysch, leashLibbard, leopardLicht, Lycht, lightLichtit,v.,p.t., alightedLift,s., sky, XVI. 692 (A.S.lyft, air)Lik,v., to pleaseLisnyt,v.,p.t., listenedLosengeour, a traitor, IV. 108 (O.F.,losengier, a flatterer, a traitor)Lovit,v.,p.t.andp.p., praised;ands., Loving, praiseLow, flameLownyt, sheltered, XV. 276;v., Lown, to become calm, to shelter (N.E. and Scots)Lowp,v., to leapLows,v., to loose;p.p., LowsytLowtit, Lowtyt, bowed before or toLuff,s.andv., loveLufre, “livery,” gift (O.F.livrée; Anglo-Fr.liveré)Lurdane,s., rascal (O.F.lourdin, a heavy [lourd],i.e., stupid fellow)Lusumly, “lovesomely,” pleasantlyLychtyt,v.,p.t.andp.p., lightenedLyknyt,v.,p.p., likened, comparedLyng, a lineLynyng, linen, XIII. 422Lypnyng,s., trustMa,v., to make;pres., Mais, MaysMa, May,adj., more.Comp.Ma(i)r, Ma([i.])stMagre,s., ill-will, XVII. 60 (O.F.mal grè, ill-will);also asprep., in spite of:magre his, in spite of him;magre thairis, in spite of themMaill-eiss, Male-ess, disease (F.mal aise)Maistri,s., “mastery,” strengthMaistris, arts, XIX. 182Man,v., must, VII. 137;also MonManauce, Mannasyng,s., “menace,” threateningManausyt, Mannausit,v.,p.t., menacedMandment, commandmentManhede, Manheid, “manhood,” valourMankynd,s., manliness, IV. 530Manrent, homageManteme, Ma(y)nteym, maintainMarcheand,pr. p., “marching with,” bordering. See nextMarchis, marches, borders (A.S.mearc, a boundary)Marras, morassMartirdome, slaughterMartymes, Martinmas (Nov. 11)Mas,s.,plur.macesMastrice, mastery, superiority;“masterly” skill, VI. 566 (O.F.maistrise)Mastry, “mastery,” skill;force, VII. 354 (O.F.maistrie, skill)Mate, dull, dispirited (O.F.mat, dull)Maturite,s., deliberation XI, 583Maucht, mightMavite, wickedness, guile (O.F.mauvitieformalvaistié)Mawch, kinsman, especially, as here, by marriage, XV. 274 (A.S.maeg)Mayn(e),s., “moan,” lamentationMekill, much, large (A.S.micel)Melland,v.,pr. p., mixing (O.F.meller, to mix);p.p., MellitMelle (two syllables), a mixture, whence, a battle, etc.Mellyng, Mellyne,s., encounter;mixture, V. 406Menand,v., moaning (A.S.mǣnan);p.t.Menit, MenytMengit,v.,p.t., mixed (A.S.mengian)Menyhe, Mengne, host, companyMenounys, “minnows,” small fishMensk, honour, dignity (O.N.mennska, humanity)Menskfully, honourablyMenyng,s., lamentationMenyng,s., remembrance, IV. 326. See MeynMenys, think, XII. 269 (A.S.mǣnan, to think on). See MeynMerdale, camp-followers, IX. 249Merk-schot, XII. 33. See noteMesour, Mesur,s., “measure,” moderation:our mesur, beyond measure;at all mesure, in every proportion, X. 281Mesurabill,adj., moderateMeyn,v., to think of, be mindful of;mention, X. 736Meyne,v., to moan, lament, XV. 237Misteir, Mister, trade, craft (O.F.mestier; F.métier)Mister, Myster, need (as above);alsov., Mysteir, be necessary, XVII. 215;adj., needfulMocht, Moucht,v., mightMody,adj.See Mude, MudyMon,v., mustMone, to remember, bear in mind (O.N.muna, to remember)Mony, manyMonyst, admonished, XII. 379Mot,v., may be, IV. 26Mow, a heap of corn, IV. 117Mowence, mutation, change, I. 134 (O.F.muance)Mubill, “movable” property, V. 275 (F.meuble, furniture)Mude, mood, XX. 203;courage, XIX. 622 (A.S.mōd);adj., MudyMurnyn(g),s., mourningMuryt, blocked up, IV. 164 (F.mur, a wall)Mut, make mention, XIII. 60Mycht,s., might:at thar mychtis, as much as they could, III. 190;that all mychtis may, that is able to do all things, III. 366Mydlike,adv., moderately, III. 71Mydwart,s., midway, III. 682Myrk, Merk, dark;s., Myrknes, darknessMyschieff, misfortune, danger, loss;evil fate, XIX. 71 (O.F.meschief)Mystrowing, suspicion;v., Mystrowit, suspected, X. 327Myt,s., “mite,” a bitNa,adj., no;conj., nor:na thay war, but they were, V. 372;na (ne) war, were it notNakit,adj., naked, bare, XIII. 459;generally, however = without armour onNakyn, of no kind:nakyn wis, in no wiseNamly, especiallyNanys, For the, for the nonce, X. 58Nave, fist;pl., Nevis, NevysNavyn,s., shipping, III. 393Nedlyngis,adj., necessarilyNeid-way,adv., of necessityNeist, Neyst, nearest, nextNeuth,prep., beneathNevo, nephewNewlyngis,adv., newlyNigramansy,s., necromancy, IV. 747Noblay, nobilityNocht, notNocht-for-the,adv., neverthelessNouthir,conj., neither;adv., not, VI. 522Novelreis, novelties, XIX. 394Noy, annoy, hurt (O.F.nuire, to injure)Noyn(e), noonNoyus, disagreeable, XIX. 742Nynt, ninthNysste, “nicety,” follyNychtbur, Nychtbour,s., neighbourNygramansour, necromancer, IV. 242Nyt,v.,p.t., denied, I. 52 (O.F.noier,neier, to deny)Obeiss, to obey;pr. p.asadj., ObeysandOblesteris, “arblasteris,” crossbow-men, XVII. 236Occisioune, slaughter, XIV. 220Ocht, aught, III. 282Off lyve, alive, I. 293Of-new, anewOftsis, often (“oftsithes,” oft-times, A.S.sīth, a time)Oftymis,adv., oft-timesOn-ane, anon, immediatelyOny,adj., anyOost, Ost, host, armyOtow,prep., beyondOucht, Owcht,adv., at all;very, XV. 428Ouirmair, Owyr-mar, farther awayOur,prep., overOur, Owyr,adv., too, very;over, across;also in compounds:e.g.,Our-drawyn, etc.Ourdriff, “drive over,” surviveOur-ga, “go over,” overcomeOur-hy,v., “hie or hasten over,” overtakeOurta(k), overtake;manage, VIII. 190;cover, XI. 125;p.p.Ourtane, “done for,” condemned, XIX. 55Ourthwort,adv., “overthwart,” beyond on each sideOurtummyllit, “over-tumbled,” upsetOutane, Outtak, Outaken, Outakin, besides, exceptOut-our,prep., across, beyond, overOutraying,s., harm, injury, XVIII. 182Owk, week (still an Aberdeenshire word)Owth,prep.andadv., above, outside;beyond, XIV. 352.Oysis,v., uses, are used;p.t.andp.p., Oysit (O.F.user, to be in the habit);Oys,s., usePailyhownys, Palyheonis, etc., pavilions, tentsPanch,s., paunchPar, for (O.F.par):e.g.,par cheryte, for charityParage, rank, lineage, I. 102, 276Paramouris,adv., as a mistressPaske (in comps), Pasche, EasterPautener,adj., low, rascally (O.F.pautonier, vagabond)Peill, a fort with stockade and ditch. O.F.pel; Late Lat.pelum(acc.), a stake, X. 137Peir,v., to equal, matchPennystane, a flat stone used as a quoit, XIII. 581 (E and H, see note)Percas,adv., by chance (O.F.per cas)Perde =par dieu(F.), an expletive, truly, etc. See nextPerfay, “by my faith,” truly (O.F.per fei, by my faith)Perfornyst, performed, XII. 61 (O.F.parformir)Perquer, by heart, thoroughly (O.F.per quer(cuer), by heart)Peth, path, passPetwisly, Pitwysly, piteouslyPik,s., pitch, XVII. 611Planer, full, I. 624Play,s., pleasure, V. 73;tricks, XIX. 364Plenyhe,v., to complainPlewch, ploughPollis, pools, XII. 395, 404Portrait,v.,p.p., painted, X. 743;formed, shaped, X. 281Pouerale, “poor-folk,” camp-followers (O.F.pouraille, poor folk)Poustè, Powstè, power;forlege poustè, see LegePoynt,s., moment, opportunity;feat of arms, inpoynt of weir, XVI. 492, and alone, XVI. 499;at poynt, in good condition, favourable, III. 702;in sic poynt, in such array, XII. 93;into sic point, at such a “point” or crisis, IV. 331Pray,v., to prey;alsos., withplur.PrayisPreif,v., to prove;p.t., PrevitPresand,s., present:inorintillpresand, as a presentPrek, Prik,v., prick, wound, spur; Prikand, ridingPrevate,s., “privity,” privacy, secrecy; secret design, X. 161Pris, Prys,v., to prize, esteem, praiseProplexite,s., perplexityPryme, prime (six o’clock), the first of the “canonical hours”Pundelan, hero, warriorPunsoune, a daggerPunyhe, a skirmishPupill, peoplePurchas,v., to get, procure (O.F.porchacier,pourchacier, to follow, to procure)Purchas,s., effort;contrivance, plot, XIX. 12Purvians, “purveyance,” provisions, IV. 397Pusoune,s., poisonPut againe, push back, repulsePyne, pain, suffering, distress (A.S.pin, pining, suffering)Queyr, choir, XX. 293Quhar, where;also in compounds,Quharfor,Quhar-throuch, etc.Quhedirand, whizzing or roaring. XVII. 684Quheill,s., wheelQuhestling, Quhistlyng,s., “whistling,” baying (of a dog), VI. 94, 87Quhet,s., wheat, V. 398Quheyn(e),adj., “wheen,” few;also Quhoyn;comp.QuhenarQuhilum, “whilom,” onceQuhyne, whence, VII. 240Quod,v., “quoth,” said, XVIII. 57Quyntis,s., “quaint” devices or decorations on the armour or on flags, XI. 194; XIII. 183Quytly, securely, X. 548;freely, completelyQuyrbolle, leather hardened by heating, etc., XII. 22.See noteRad,adj., frightened, afraidRadness, fearRaid,v.,p.t., rodeRair, Rar,v., to roarRais, Rase,s., “race,” strong currentRais,v.,p.t., roseRaith, Rath, soonRakit,v.,p.t., moved with speed (A.S.racian)Randoun,s., onrush, force (O.F.randon, force)Rangale, Rangald, Rangall, rabbleRange:on range“in rank,” in “Indian file,” X. 379Rangit,v.,p.p., ranged, ranked, XI. 431Ranyt,v.,p.t., rainedRath,adv., soonRatret, Retret, retreatRaucht,v.,p.t., reached, dealt.See ReikRaw,s., rowRealtè, Reawtè, royalty, kingdomRebaldaill, Rybbaldaill, rabble;also Rebaldis, roguesRebelland,pr. p., asadj., “rebelling,” rebelliousRebours, at, in great dislikeReboytit, Rebutyt, repulsed;also Reboyting,s., repulse (A.F.reboter: O.F.rebouter)Reconsalit,v.,pp., reconciledRecour, recovery, II. 543Recryand, recreant, cowardlyRed(e), Reid,s., counsel;tane to red, come to the conclusion, taken the advice, XII. 389, XVII. 267 (A.S.rǣd, counsel)Red(e),v., to adviseRed,v., save, IV. 132, XIX. 677Redyit,v.,p.t., got ready, IX. 171Refe, Reve,v., to take away;p.t., Reft;p.p., Revede, reft, V. 12Refrenyhe,v., to refrainRegnyt, reigned, XIII. 698Reif,s., plunder (A.S.rēaf)Reik,v., reach, XVII. 419;p.t., RauchtReik, Reyk,s., smokeReleif,s., payment on taking possession of a property, XII. 320Releyit,p.p., provided with a fresh supply, IV. 456Relit, Relyt,v.,p.t.reeledRely,v., to rally;p.t., Releyt;p.p., ReleitRenconfort,v., to encourageRengye, Renyhe, Reynye, reinRenk, “rink,” space, II. 365. See noteRenyit,v.,p.p., denied (O.F.renier, to deny)Renyhe, Reynye,s., reinRepair,s., dwelling, haunt, place of meeting or retreatRepreif,s., reproofReprief,v., to reproveRerit,v.,p.t., rearedRescours, rescue (O.F.rescos,rescousse, succour)Reset, refuge (O.F.recet, place of refuge);alsov.,p.p., Resettit, receivedRevede. See ReveRewis, streets (F.rue)Riall, Ryoll,adj., royal;s., Rialtè, royalty, royal powerRichtwisness, righteousness,adj., Rychtwis;adv., RychtiouslyRif,v., riveRik, kingdom (A.S.rīce, a kingdom, sovereignty)Rocht, Roucht,v.,p.t.See RauchtRod,s., road, pathRoucht,v.,p.t., I should not reck or care, VII. 24 (A.S.rēcan,rōhte)Routit, snored, V. 632Rownand, Rowning,pr. p., whispering, XII. 360;ass., Rownyng, XII. 368Rowt, Rout,s., a blow;also Rowt,s., a company, troopRoydly, Ruydly, rudely, fiercelyRude-evyn,s., Eve of the Exaltation of the Rood or Cross, XVII. 634Rusche, to rush, drive back, overthrow, repulse;also Rus, XII. 527;p.t., Ruschit, RouschitRybbaldy,s., dissipation, I. 341Ryde,adj., severe, XII. 557Ryg, ridgeRymmyll,s., blowRyng,v., to reign. See onLanguageRyoll,adj., royal, XIII. 30Ryot,v., inryot to, made “riot” in, ravagedRyth,adv., “right,” utterly, I. 194Sa, soSa yhe, say ye, VII. 258Sad, steadfast, XII. 134. See nextSadly, firmly, compactly, steadfastly, XIII. 374, 494, XVII. 576 (Mid. E. sad = firm, etc., as in Chaucer)Sair, Sayr, sorely:by sair, pay for dearly, XVIII. 514Sakless, innocentSalit,v.,p.t., sailed;pr. p., SalandSall, shallSals, sauce, III. 540Salt,s., assault;also SawtSalusit, saluted, IV. 509Sam(m)yn,adv., togetherSam(m)yn,adj., sameSanct,s., saint;v.,p.p., saintedSanyt. See SaynSar, Sayr, sorelySarraly, close together;alsoadj.andadv., Sarray, close, closelySary, sorrySaucht,v.,p.p., reconciled, X. 300 (cf.A.S.saht, peace)Sauf, Sawff,v., to saveSaufly, safelySauftè, Savitè, safetySavourit, scented, XVI. 70Sawin,v.,p.p., sown, IV. 685Sawt,s., assault: also SaltSayn,v.,s., bless;p.t., Sanyt (O.F.seignier, to bless with the sign of the cross; Lat.signare)Saynd, a message, V. 196 (A.S.sand, a sending)Scaffatis, scaffoldsScaill,s., a scattered company, men in loose orderScale, Scaill,v., to scatter, separate;p.t.Scalit;p.p.Scalit;also SkalytScarsly, scarcelyScath,s., harm: alsov., to harmScathfull, Scathless, harmfull, unharmedSchar, Schair, Schare, cut, carved;p.t.of ScherSchavalduris, vagrants, V. 205. See noteSchaw,v., show;p.t.Schew, X. 161, or SchawitSchaw,s., thicket, groveSchawdest,adj.,super., shallowest, IX. 354Sched, clove, dividedSchent,v.,p.p., shamedScher,v., to shear, cut upSchiltrum, a close-packed body of men: so in E;C haschildrome(A.S.scild, a shield,truma, a troop)Schipfar,s., a journey in a shipSchir,s., sirSchire,adj., bright;alsoadv., Schyre (A.S.scīr, bright)Scho,pron., sheSchoir, Schore,adj., sheer, steepSchonand, shunning, V. 201Schop,v., prepare;more usual Schap, XVI. 573Schore,adj., “sheer,” steepSchoyne, “shoon,” shoes, II. 510Schoyr, loud threats (cf.Withoutin outher bray, or bost, orschore.—King Hart)Schup(e), “shaped,” purposed, attempted;p.t.of SchapSchynand,v.,pr. p., shiningScowking,s., “skulking,” cowardiceScowryt,v.,p.p., scouredScrymmyng,s., skirmishing, XIX. 521 (O.F.escrimer, to fence)Se,v., to see, watch overSegis, seats (F.siege, a seat): astrological term as “mansions”Seik,adj., sickSeir, Ser, various, separateSekir, safe, sure, firm, steadfastSekirly, Sekyrly, certainlySekirnis, security, certaintySekkis,s., sacksSembland, “semblance,” showSemble,s., assembly, body of men, II. 380Sen, sinceSend,v.,p.t.of Send;p.p., Send, SentSent,s., scentSentens, meaning, IV. 260Senyhory, Senyhoury, sovereignty, lordship, ruleSermonyng,s., speech, explanation, IV. 278Sesand,v.,pr. p., seizingSesing,s., possession, VI. 496Setis, snares, III. 479Seyle,s., good, I. 303 (A.S.sǣl).Cf.adj.Sely(silly) (A.S.sǣlig)Schawis,v., showsShraf,v.,p.t., shrived, XI. 377Sib, related, kinSib-man, relativeSic, Sik, suchSich,v., to sighSith, Syth, times, unalteredplur;also Sis, Sythis (A.S.sīth, a time).SeeGrammarSkaith, scath, hurt, injury. See ScathSkalyt. See ScalitSkill, reasonSkunnyrrit,v.,p.t., avoided in dislikeSla,v., slay;pr. p., SlayandSlaid,v., slidSlak,s., a hollowSle, sly, crafty, skilled.Cf.Slear, Sleast;adv., SlelySleuch,v.,p.t., slewSleuth, slot, track (O.N.sloth, a track)Slew,v.,p.t., struck inslew fyre(A.S.slean, to strike)Slike, Slyk, mud, slime. For first Skeat gives “slick,” rapidly (?), VI. 78Slop, a gap, opening;pl., Sloppis.Cf.slaps and stilesin “Tam o’ Shanter”Smat,v.,p.t., smoteSnell, biting, sharp, severe (A.S.snell, quick, sharp)Snuk(e), a promontory, I. 188 IV 556Socht, Soucht,v.,p.t., soughtSolacious,adj., pleasant, X. 290Somdeill,adv., somewhat, to some extentSop,s., a sup, a hasty mealSop,s., a close body of men;pl.Soppis, heapsSouthren, southernSowing,s., pricking, piercing, XVI. 628Soym, trace of a cart. See Hede-soymeSoyn(e), Sone, Soune,adv., soonSpar,v., faster, bar;p.t., Sparit, Sperit, Spyryt, etc.Spayn, span, graspSpering, Speryng,s., asking, information;alsov., Sperit, inquired (A.S.spirian)Spoulyheing,s., spoilingSprent,v.,p.t., sprang, XII. 49Spryngaldis, shooting-machines, XVII. 247. See noteSpulyheit,v.,p.p., spoiledSquyary, a body of “squyares” or esquiresStablist,v.,p.t., “established,” settledStad, “bested,” hard pressedStaffing,s., thrusting, pushing, XVII. 785Staff-slyngis, slings on sticks, XVII. 344. See noteStaill, a fixed position, XVII. 97Standand,v.,pr. p., standingStane,s., stone;pl., StanisStay,adj., steepSted(e), Steid, “stead,” place (A.S.stede)Steir,v., stir, IX. 382 (A.S.styrian):on steir, a-stirSteir, Ster(e),s., a rudder (A.S.steōr, steering, rudder)Steir, Steyr,v., to “steer,” direct, governStekis,v., closesStekit,v.,p.t., stuck, stabbedStemmand, steering, straight, V. 25Stent,v., to pitch, set up;p.t., StentitSterand, “stirring,” prancing, XI. 129Stern, a star;pl., Sternis, SterisStert,v., to start;p.t., stertStertling,s., restless motion. (Cf.fische wantounlystertland.—Complaynt of Scotlande)Stew, mist, vapour, XI. 614Stint,v., stop, X. 716;s., Stinting, stoppingStith, Styth, “stiff,” strong, hardy (A.S.stīth, strong);alsoadv., StithlyStoking, thrusting, XVII. 785 (F.estoquer, to thrust)Stole, “stool,” seatStonay,v., to astonish, terrify, defeat;p.t.andp.p., StonayitStot, drive backStound,s., time, whileStour,s., conflict, battle (A.F.estur)Stowpand,v.,pr. p., stooping, VIII. 297Straif,v.,p.t., stroveStraucht, Strawcht,adj., straight;alsoadv.Straucht,v.,p.t., stretched out;alsop.p.Strecour,s., a young hound, VI. 487Strekit,v.,p.t., andp.p., stretched, extended:strekit weill, clearly defined, XX. 317Strenyheit,p.p., constrainedStrikand,pr. p., “striking” leading, VI. 238;p.p.Strikin, foughtStrowit,p.p., strewnStroy,v., destroySture, sturdy, strong (A.S.stōr, great)Sua, Swa(y), soSuagat, Swagat, so, in such a mannerSuccudry, pride, presumption (O.F.sorcuiderie)Sudjorne,s.andv., sojournSuelt, died, IV. 311 (A.S.sweltan, to die)Suet, life-blood, life, XIII. 32Suld, shouldSum, assuffix, altogether, in all: e.g.,fiff-sum, five in all;six-sum, etc.Sumdeill, Sumdele,adv., somewhat, to some extentSumkyn,adv., of some kind.Cf.NakynSummer, the bearing or principal beam;same word as next, XVII. 696Summer, a sumpter-horse, XIX. 746 (O.F.sommier)Suppowale, support, reinforcement, XVI. iii, 139Sur-noune, surname, XVII. 152Suth,adj., true;s., truthSuthfast,adj., true;s., Suthfastnes;adv., SuthleySwa. See Sua.Swak, a blow, V. 643Swappit, drew quickly, threw, castSwar,v.,p.t., swore;also SwoirSwat,s., sweatSwonand, swooning, XVII. 648Swilk, Swylk, suchSwith, Swyth, quickly, soon:als swith, as quickly as possibleSwoir,v.,p.t., swore;also SwarSwome,v., to swim, III. 431Sychand,pr. p., sighingSykis, streams in a muddy bottom, XI. 300. See noteSyn(e),adv., afterwards, then, next, at lastSyndir, Syndri,adj., sundry, various, separate;adv., SyndrelySythyn,adv., afterwardsSyttyn,v.,p.p., satTa,v., take;p.t., Tuk;p.p., Tan(e), Tayne;pr. p., TakandTa;the ta=thet a, the one (seeGrammar);alsothe tane= thet-aneTaill, payment by an heir on succeeding to an estate, XII. 320Tais,v., takesTailyhe, agreement, XX. 134;v., Talit (E. Tailyheit), agreed upon, XIX. 188Taknyng, Takynnyng, sign, token, evidence (A.S.tācnung, a sign)Takyn, a token, sign, signal (A.S.tācn, a token)Tald,v.,p.t., ToldTale, number, XI. 5 (A.S.tal, number)Talent,s., desire: so also in Chaucer, B. 1137Tane the, the one. See TaTasit, drew back, V. 623. See noteTaskar, a thresher (A.S.therscan, to thresh)Tastit,v., tested, triedTaucht,v.,p.t., gaveTauld,v.,p.t., toldTe,v., to tie, XV. 282Tell, count (A.S.tellan)Tend, tenthTene, Teyne, anger, vexation, II. 377:for propyr tenein his personal vexation (A.S.tēona, injury, insult)Tent, care, heedTer, tar, XVII. 611Tha(y), those. SeeGrammarThak, thatchThan,adv., then;even, I. 217Thar,impers. v., it needs, it is necessary, VIII. 257, XII. 300;p.t., ThurtThar,adv., there;and in compounds, Thareftir, Thar-fra, therefrom;Thartill, thereto;Thar-throuch, therebyTharup, “up there”The-quhethir, however, and yet, nevertheless. SeeGrammar(Conj).Thine, thence;fra thine, from thence, V. 190;Thine-furth, thenceforth, XVII. 722Thir, these. SeeGrammar(Pron.)Thocht,conj., thoughThole, Thoill,v., to suffer, endure;p.t., Tholyt;p.p., Tholit (A.S.tholian, to suffer)Thouch(t), thoughThowlesnes, heedlessness, I. 333Thra, eager (O.N.thrār, stubborn)Thrang,s.“throng,” crowd, press;difficulty, distress, X. 117, XV. 353Thraw, a little time (A.S.thrāg, a space of time)Thrawing,s., throwingThrellis, “thralls,” slaves;also Thryll;Threldome,s., thraldomThretty, thirtyThrillag(e), Thryllage, thraldom;also Thrildome, ThryldomeThrillit, pierced (A.S.thirlian, to pierce)Thring, Thryng,v., to throng;pr. p., Thringand (A.S.thringan, to press, crowd)Thristill, a throstle, thrushThristing,s., thrusting, XIII. 156Throppill, the windpipe, the throatThrouch, Throw;prep., throughThrowand,pr. p., writhing, XV. 230Thurt. See TharThyrland, piercing, making holes in, II. 540;pr. p.of ThrillitTid, Tyd, time (A.S.tīd)Till,prep., toTill-hewyn,p.p., scarred, cut in different directions, XX. 367;p.t., Till-hewyt, clove, cut down, II. 381Tit, Tyt,adv., soon, quickly;comp.Titar, TyttarTit, Tyt,v., snatch, pull, V. 603, XVI. 132Tithand, Tithing,s., tidings, newsTo-fruschyt,v.,p.p., crushed, broken in pieces (A.S.to, in two; O.F.froissier, to break)To-ga, fledTo-morn, to-morrowTop-castellis, top-castles or fighting-tops of a war-shipTo-stonay, to astound thoroughly. (“To” is intensive = Ger.Zu)Tothir inthe tothir, second. SeeGrammarTournys,v., turnsTo-waverand, wandering in different directionsTowme, a tombToym, Tume, leisure, V. 642 (Icel.tōm, emptiness, leisure). See noteTrammys, war-engines, structures of wood, XVII. 245Trane, Traine, Trayn, stratagem, plotTranonting, Tranontynes., stratagem, specially, apparently, a forced march, VII. 508, 608;v., Tranontit, XVIII. 360Trappit, furnished with trappings, armoured (of horses)Trast, Traist,adj., trusty;secure, XIV. 466;comp., Trastar;v., Trast, Trastit;adv., Trastly, Traistly, trustfully, securely, confidently;comp.Trastlyar;also Trast,subs., appointment, XVII. 36Travaill,v., to travel, work hard,pr. p.;also Travale, trouble, interfere with, VI. 602Travaill, Travell,s., a difficult journey, IV. 48;labour, hardship;pl., Travalys: also TravailyheTravaland, toiling, travelling;p.t., Travalit, troubled, harassed, etc.Tray,s., vexation, XVIII. 233 (A.S.trega)Trayne,v., draw, entice, XIX. 354Tretis,s., a treaty;proposes to treat, X. 125Treuth,s., troth, trust;gaf treuth, believed, IV. 223Trew,v., trust, believeTrewis, Trowis,s., truce;also asplur., XIX. 200, 203Treyn,adj., woodenTrist, “tryst,” place of meeting;set trist, appointed, VII. 235Tropellis, troops, small bodies (O.F.tropel,dimin.oftrope= troupeau, a troop)Trow,v., believe;Trowit, TrowitTrumpe, to sound the trumpet;pr. p., Trumpand;p.t., Trumpit, XIX. 429.See noteTrumpe,v., to sound on a trumpet;pr. p., TrumpandTrumpit,p.p., deceived, XIX. 712 (?) (F.tromper, to deceive)Trunsioune, a truncheon, staff of officeTrymbill,v., to tremble, II. 295;pr. subj., Trymmyll, XII. 268Tulyheit,v.,p.t., harassed, IV. 152Tume, leisure, XVII. 735. See Toym.Tummyll,v., tumble:p.t., Tumlit, pulled downTurs,v., truss, pack up (O.F.torser); Tursit, TursitTutlyng, tooting on a horn, XIX. 604Twa(y), twoTwist, a twig, a small branch, VII. 188Twyn,adj., twain, IV. 691Tyd,v., to betide, happenTymbrys, crests (F.timbre)Tyne,v., to lose;p.t., Tynt (Icel.tyna, to lose)Tynsale, loss, harmTysday, TuesdayTyt. See TitUmbecast,v., to consider, think overUmbeset,v., besetUmbestount,adv., sometimes, VII. 398(A.S.ymbe, about;stund, a time)Umbethink, Umbethoucht, bethink, bethoughtUmquhill, sometimes (A.S.hwīl, a time)Unabasitly, boldlyUnbondyn,v.,p.p., unboundUnder-ta(k),v., undertake;p.p., UndertaneUnfair, Unfayr, unfortunate, evilUnseill,s., misfortune (A.S.unsǣl)Unwittandly, unwiselyUnwemmyt. See WemUpcom,s., way up;also UpgangUre,s., fate, luck, “especially ‘good luck’” (Skeat) (O.F.eur. Cf.bonheur)Utelauys, outlawsUtouth, outside, II. 299Valayis,s., valleys;pl., of ValèVanys, veinsVaslage, Vassalage, prowess, valour (such as was expected from a vassal)Vath,s., danger (O.N.vāthi)Vaward, vanguardVencus, Vencust,v., vanquish, vanquishedVere, springVerty. See AvertyVeschall, “vessels”;i.e., plate, XI. 117 (F.vaisselle)Viage,s., voyageVittelleris, Vittelouris,s., “victualers,” foragersVolageous, “flighty,” dashing, unsettled, VIII. 445, X. 553Vyre, a bolt for a crossbowVyre, cast, XVII. 704 (O.F.virer)Wa, Way,s., woe;adj., sad, sorryWach, Wauch,v., watch, guardWafand, wavingWageouris,s., “waged soldiers,” mercenaries, XI. 48Waik, weak.Cf.WaykarWald,s., woldWald,v., wouldWalk,v., to wake, watch;p.t., Walknyt.SeeLanguage, “l”Walkyn,v., to awake. SeeLanguage, “l”Wallyt,p.p., walledWalopyt, galloped, II. 440Wan(e),v.,p.t.of wonWane, Wayne, quantity, XVI. 454Wapnys,s., weaponsWappyt,v.,p.t., struck, knocked, XVII. 691War,s., ware, merchandise, XIX. 194War,adj., aware;wary, X. 333War,adv., worse, XIII. 219War,v., wereWarisoune, Warysoun,s., rewardWarn,v., to refuse, IV. 392;p.t., Warnyt, opposed;warned (A.S.wyrnan, to refuse)Warnist,v.,p.t.andp.p., stored, provided with;s., Warnasyng, Warnysyng (O.F.warnir; F.garnier, to provide)Warnisoun, garrisonWarpyt,v., threw (A.S.weorpan, to throw)Warrand, Warand(e),s., refuge, place of safety, protection;v., Warand, to protectWarrar,adj.,comp.more aware, V. 546Warra(y),v., to war against;pr. p., Warrayand, warring upon, making warWarraying,s., “warring,” warfareWaryit, cursed (A.S.wergian, to curse)Wassand, weasand, throat, VII. 584Wat,adj., wetWatyt,v.p.t, “waited,” lay in wait for, I. 202Wat(e),v., wot, knowWauch. See WachWaverand,v.,pr. p., wandering aboutWayn, Weyn, “weening,” thought, purposeWayndist, gave way, swerved, recoiled (O.F.wandir,gandir, to turn aside, escape)We, “wee,” a small space or short timeWecht,s., weightWeddir, “wether,” sheepWeid, dress;armour, XVI. 580;pl.Wedis (A.S.wæd, clothing)Weill, Weile, Wele, Weyle,adv., well veryWeir,s., warWeir,s., doubt;but weir, without doubtWeld,v., “wield”;pr. p., Weldand, ruling, guidingWeltir,v., upset, XI. 25;pr. p., Weltrand, rolling. III. 719;p.t., Weltryt, rolledWem, stain, scar (A.S.wam);v.,p.p., Wemmyt, scarred, XX. 368Wend,v., to go;p.t., WentWend,v., “weened,” thought, expected;p.t., WenitWene, Weyne,s., supposition;but we(y)ne, without doubt (A.S.wen)Wenyng, “weening,” supposing, foretelling, IV. 765Wer,adj., worse; also WarWer(e),v., to defend, XVI. 594Wer, Weyr,s., doubt:but wer, without doubt.See WeirWerd, We(i)rdis, fate, destiny, andpl.Wicht,adj., strong, brave, activeWikkid,adj., poor, cruel;s., Wikkidness, timidity, weakness, XII. 280;Wikidly, severely, XVII. 809Will,adj., wild, astray, VII. 2 (see note):will of red—of wane, at a lossWis,adj., “wise,” way (A.S.wīs)Wissill, mutually destroy, XII. 580With, Wyth,prep., against, I. 520;by, I. 521Withsay,v., gainsay, oppose, I. 210With-thi,conj., on condition thatWittely,adv., wiselyWittering, Witting,s., knowledge, informationWitterly, Wittirly, for certainWitty,adj., wise, prudentWlispyt,v., lisped (Old Low Germ.wlispen)Wod, Woud,s., woodWone,v.,p.p., wont, accustomedWonnand,v.,pr. p., dwelling;p.t., Wounyt (A.S.wunian, to dwell)Wonnyn,v.,p.p., wonWonnyng,s., dwellingWorschip,s., valourWorth (Worthis), Worthit,v., becomes, became;p.p.,Worthyn:hym worthit neid, it became necessary for him, XIX. 209;wo worth, woe be to, I. 515Worthyhede, honourWoude, “wud,” mad, XVII. 106 (A.S.wōd);also Wood, XX. 483Woude,v.,p.t., waded (A.S.wadan,wod)Wouk,v.,p.t., kept watch (A.S.wacan,woc, to watch, watched)Woux, Wox(e),v.,p.t., waxed, grewWrate, Wrat, Wrayt,v., wroteWre(y)th, Wreythyt,v., became enraged, enraged;p.p., Wrethit, XVII. 45Wrichtis, wrights, workmenWrocht, Wroucht,v.,p.t., wroughtWyndland,pr. p., rolling, tumbling over one another, XVII. 721.“Windle-straws” in Scots = dog’s grassWysk,s., whisk, a quick blow.Y, Yh. See also under I.Yare(e), Yha(i)r,adj., ready; alsoadv.Yheld, Yhald, Yholdyn,v., yield, yieldedYharn(e), Yharnit,v., yearn, yearned forYharne,adv., diligentlyYheid, Yhed, Yhude,v., went (A.S.ēode)Yheit, Yheyt, yetYhemar, a keeper, groomYhemsall, Yhemsell, Yheymseill,s., care (Icel.geimsla, guardianship)Yheyme, Yhemyt,v., guard, take care of (A.S.gȳman, to watch over)Yhet, Yhate,s., gate (A.S.geat)Yhoill-evyn, “Yule-even,” Christmas EveYhon(e),adj., yon;adv., Yhongat, in that way, in such a wayYhouthheid,s., youthYneuch,adj.asindef. pron., enough, XIV. 235, 364Ynkirly Ynkurly,adv., specially, particularly. See EnkrelyYsche,v.See IschYsching,s., “issuing,” sallyYsche,s., “issue,” way out;sally;outlet, XIV. 354Yscheill. See EscheleYthand,adj., diligent, constant, tenacious, alsoadv., Ythandly