Chapter 31

Bathymetrical distribution, of Polychaeta,300Bdellodrilus,376Bdelloida,201,203f.,211,213,215,216,222,227Bdellouridae,32,42Beania,518,525Beddard, onTetrastemma aquarium dulcium,118;on Oligochaeta,347f.;on Leeches,392f.Bedwell, on Rotifers,198Beneden, van, on Cestodes,76;on Nematodes,162;onPhoronis,450Benham, on a fresh-waterTetrastemma,118;on Archiannelida,241f.;on Polychaeta,245f.;on Myzostomaria,341f.;on Oligochaeta,357,373,382;onPhoronis,452f.Benhamia,383f.Bicellaria,481,518,526,527Bilfinger, on Rotifers,212Bilharzia,4,73;B. crassa,70;B. haematobia,63,68f.,69Bimastos,389Bipaliidae,35,42Bipalium,33,34,42,408Birds, Trematodes of,62,63,64,72;Cestodes of,77f.,84,85;Nematodes of,144,149,163;Gordiusof,173;Acanthocephala of,184,185Bisexual, Turbellaria,44;Trematodes,70f.Bladder, of Rotifers,214Bladder-worms,5,79f.,89Blanchard, on Cestoda,91;on Hirudinea,392f.,405,408Blastomeres, of egg ofDistomum,65Blood, of Nemertinea,108;ofPolygordius,244;of Chaetopoda,252;of Chlorhaemidae,252,334;ofMagelona,252,325;of Sabelliformia,252,337Blood-corpuscles, in Chaetopoda,252Body-cavity (including Coelom), of Nematoda,130;ofGordius,166;of Acanthocephala,175,178;of Chaetognatha,187;of Archiannelids,243,244;of Polychaeta,249;ofMyzostoma,343;of Oligochaeta,355;of Leeches,397;of Gephyrea,416;ofPhoronis,454,462;of Polyzoa,468,488,495Body-wall, of Nemertinea,102,103;of Nematodes,125;of Gordiidae,165;of Acanthocephala,175;of Chaetognatha,187;of Rotifers,205;ofNereis,249;of Oligochaeta,349;of Gephyrea,414,436;ofPhoronis,454;of Polyzoa,470,495,500Bohadsch, on Gephyrea,411Bohemilla,377;chaeta,350Bonellein,435,292Bonellia,411,434,442;anatomy,434f.,435;male,438;development,439;habits of,442;as host,297Bonnet, on Oligochaeta,348,379Boring Worms,286,287Borlase, onLineus marinus,99Borlasia elizabethae,111,114Bothriocephalidae,91Bothriocephalinae,91Bothriocephalus,91;B. cordatus,81,91;B. cristatus,81,91;B. latus, in man,81,91;life-history,84;reproductive organs,87f.;larva,87;B. mansoni(=B. liguloides),81,91Bothriocerca,226Bothrioneuron,379Bothrioplana,46,50Bothrioplanidae,42,46,50Bothromesostoma personatum,49Bourne, on Oligochaeta,352,373,377n.,380;on Leeches,400Bouvier, on commensal Gephyrea,429Bowerbankia,470,480,481,492,500,518,532,533;larva,511,513;budding,514Brachionidae,225Brachionus,200,201,204,218,225,226,227Brachydrilus,357Brackish water, Rotifers,226;Polychaeta,284;Polyzoa,492Bradynema,150,151,160Braem, on statoblasts,503f.Brain—see Nervous SystemBranchellion,393,395,397,401,406Branchial crown,336;regeneration of,283Branchiobdella,376Branchiomma,337;gills,261;eyes,272;B. vigilansonAphrodite,299Branchiura,352,361,367,378f.;transverse section,353Braun, on Platyhelminthes, etc.,6n.,55n.,62,94Brettia,525,527Bristles = Chaetae,q.v.Bristle-worms,241British, Polycladida,19;Tricladida,42;Rhabdocoelida,49;Nemertinea,100,110f.;Polychaeta,306f.;Earthworms,390;Leeches,393;Gephyrea,449;Polyzoa,488n.,505,523f.Brood-pouch, ofSpirorbis,261,276,341;ofSalmacina,276;of Entoprocta,487,507Brood-sac, ofAutolytus,275;ofMyrianida,280Brown body, in Polyzoa,468,471f.,472,489,496,510,514Brown tubes (nephridia), of Sipunculoidea,415,417,423,425;of Echiuroidea,435,437,439,441;of Epithetosomatoidea,445;used as generative ducts,418,438;absent in Priapuloidea,430Bryozoa,475Buccal region, in Polychaeta,249,250,269;ofNereis diversicolor,248;ofN. cultrifera,316Buchanan, on marine muds,423Buchholzia,359Budding, in Syllidae,279,283(see also Gemmation);in Polyzoa,467,514(see also Polypide-bud)Bugula,467,468,477,481,515,517,518,519,526;avicularia,483,485;larva,511Bunge, on respiration in Nematoda,130Bürger, on Nemertinea,109,112;onNectonema,168;on Hirudinea,397,403Burrows, of Polychaeta,285,304;ofCirratulus,286;ofNereis,286,316,317;ofArenicola,333;fossil,302;of Earthworms,368;ofSipunculus,426Bursa seminalis, in Rhabdocoels,48Busk, on Polyzoa,465n.,475,487,519Buskia,533Bütschli, on Nematoda,137Byrsophlebs, occurrence,44;British species,49Caberea,487,518,526;vibracula,486,517Caecum, in Polyzoa,499Calathus, host ofGordius,172Calceostominae,73Calceostomum,73Caldwell, onPhoronis,454,456,461Calicotyle,73Callidina,201,202,204,218,219,222,225,227,230Calliobothrium,76n.,91;larva,77Calotte, of Dicyemids,93Calyx,488Camerano, on development ofGordius,170Capitella,331;peristomium,263;special chaetae,267,268;habitat,286;colour,291;O. capitata, distribution,299Capitellidae,258,331,373Capitelliformia,258,305;guanin in,253;body,259;buccal region,269;siphon,272;ciliated organs,272,273;genital organs,273Carabus, host ofGordius,172Carinella,112;British species,112Carinellidae, side organs of,107Caruncle, of Amphinomidae,260,273n.,318Caryophyllaeus,91;C. mutabilis,77Castalia,308;distribution of,300Castings, of Polychaeta,285;fossil,302;ofArenicola,333Castrada,44,49Cat, parasites of,80,125,130,140,143,144,145Catenicella,518,519Catenula,49Cathypna,225Cathypnidae,225Cellaria,479,515,518,519,526;zooecia and avicularium,482Cellepora,518,527,528,529;avicularia,483,517Celleporella,529Cellularia,518,527Cellularina,518Cement-glands, of Rotifers,205Cephalic slits, of Nemertinea,101,104,107,111,112Cephalisation, in Polychaeta,263;in Oligochaeta,377Cephalodiscus,461f.Cephalopods, parasites of,78,92;list of, containing Dicyemids,94Cephalosiphon,205,221Cephalothrix,112Cercaria,13,65,67,71f.;C. macrocerca,72;C. cystophora,72Cercyra,42Cerebral organ, of Nemertinea,107;of Gephyrea,417Cerebratulus,101,111,114;British species,111Cerfontaine, on Earthworms,349,350Cestoda, characters of the group,5,74;nature of,76f.;occurrence,77-82;life-histories,83;structure and development,84-89;synoptic table of,89f.;classification,91Cestodariidae (= Monozoa),91Cestoplana,17,18,19Cestoplanidae,19Chaetae,241;of Polychaeta,266,267;provisional,274;ofNereis,246,247;of Heteronereid,276,277;jointed,246;natatory, in sexual Syllid,278,307;iridescent,268,291,312;palmate, ofCoabangia,339n.;colour,291;genital, ofCapitella,331;ofSternaspis,336;special, ofPolydora,261,267;ofChaetopterus,267,324;ofMyzostoma,342;of Oligochaeta,347,350,351,352;penial,362;of Microdrili,375f.;of Megadrili,381f.;of Lumbricidae,389,390;of Leeches,395,396;(= hooks), of Echiuroid Gephyrea,434,435,438,440f.,446Chaetifera,445,446Chaetobranchus,352Chaetogaster,356,377,401Chaetognatha,186f.,534;anatomy,186;development,189;habits,189;classification,191;key to,193;American species,534Chaetonotus,232,235Chaetopoda,241f.;as food for Nemertinea,115Chaetopteridae,258,323

Bathymetrical distribution, of Polychaeta,300

Bdellodrilus,376

Bdelloida,201,203f.,211,213,215,216,222,227

Bdellouridae,32,42

Beania,518,525

Beddard, onTetrastemma aquarium dulcium,118;

on Oligochaeta,347f.;

on Leeches,392f.

Bedwell, on Rotifers,198

Beneden, van, on Cestodes,76;

on Nematodes,162;

onPhoronis,450

Benham, on a fresh-waterTetrastemma,118;

on Archiannelida,241f.;

on Polychaeta,245f.;

on Myzostomaria,341f.;

on Oligochaeta,357,373,382;

onPhoronis,452f.

Benhamia,383f.

Bicellaria,481,518,526,527

Bilfinger, on Rotifers,212

Bilharzia,4,73;

B. crassa,70;

B. haematobia,63,68f.,69

Bimastos,389

Bipaliidae,35,42

Bipalium,33,34,42,408

Birds, Trematodes of,62,63,64,72;

Cestodes of,77f.,84,85;

Nematodes of,144,149,163;

Gordiusof,173;

Acanthocephala of,184,185

Bisexual, Turbellaria,44;

Trematodes,70f.

Bladder, of Rotifers,214

Bladder-worms,5,79f.,89

Blanchard, on Cestoda,91;

on Hirudinea,392f.,405,408

Blastomeres, of egg ofDistomum,65

Blood, of Nemertinea,108;

ofPolygordius,244;

of Chaetopoda,252;

of Chlorhaemidae,252,334;

ofMagelona,252,325;

of Sabelliformia,252,337

Blood-corpuscles, in Chaetopoda,252

Body-cavity (including Coelom), of Nematoda,130;

ofGordius,166;

of Acanthocephala,175,178;

of Chaetognatha,187;

of Archiannelids,243,244;

of Polychaeta,249;

ofMyzostoma,343;

of Oligochaeta,355;

of Leeches,397;

of Gephyrea,416;

ofPhoronis,454,462;

of Polyzoa,468,488,495

Body-wall, of Nemertinea,102,103;

of Nematodes,125;

of Gordiidae,165;

of Acanthocephala,175;

of Chaetognatha,187;

of Rotifers,205;

ofNereis,249;

of Oligochaeta,349;

of Gephyrea,414,436;

ofPhoronis,454;

of Polyzoa,470,495,500

Bohadsch, on Gephyrea,411

Bohemilla,377;

chaeta,350

Bonellein,435,292

Bonellia,411,434,442;

anatomy,434f.,435;

male,438;

development,439;

habits of,442;

as host,297

Bonnet, on Oligochaeta,348,379

Boring Worms,286,287

Borlase, onLineus marinus,99

Borlasia elizabethae,111,114

Bothriocephalidae,91

Bothriocephalinae,91

Bothriocephalus,91;

B. cordatus,81,91;

B. cristatus,81,91;

B. latus, in man,81,91;

life-history,84;

reproductive organs,87f.;

larva,87;

B. mansoni(=B. liguloides),81,91

Bothriocerca,226

Bothrioneuron,379

Bothrioplana,46,50

Bothrioplanidae,42,46,50

Bothromesostoma personatum,49

Bourne, on Oligochaeta,352,373,377n.,380;

on Leeches,400

Bouvier, on commensal Gephyrea,429

Bowerbankia,470,480,481,492,500,518,532,533;

larva,511,513;

budding,514

Brachionidae,225

Brachionus,200,201,204,218,225,226,227

Brachydrilus,357

Brackish water, Rotifers,226;

Polychaeta,284;

Polyzoa,492

Bradynema,150,151,160

Braem, on statoblasts,503f.

Brain—see Nervous System

Branchellion,393,395,397,401,406

Branchial crown,336;

regeneration of,283

Branchiobdella,376

Branchiomma,337;

gills,261;

eyes,272;

B. vigilansonAphrodite,299

Branchiura,352,361,367,378f.;

transverse section,353

Braun, on Platyhelminthes, etc.,6n.,55n.,62,94

Brettia,525,527

Bristles = Chaetae,q.v.

Bristle-worms,241

British, Polycladida,19;

Tricladida,42;

Rhabdocoelida,49;

Nemertinea,100,110f.;

Polychaeta,306f.;

Earthworms,390;

Leeches,393;

Gephyrea,449;

Polyzoa,488n.,505,523f.

Brood-pouch, ofSpirorbis,261,276,341;

ofSalmacina,276;

of Entoprocta,487,507

Brood-sac, ofAutolytus,275;

ofMyrianida,280

Brown body, in Polyzoa,468,471f.,472,489,496,510,514

Brown tubes (nephridia), of Sipunculoidea,415,417,423,425;

of Echiuroidea,435,437,439,441;

of Epithetosomatoidea,445;

used as generative ducts,418,438;

absent in Priapuloidea,430

Bryozoa,475

Buccal region, in Polychaeta,249,250,269;

ofNereis diversicolor,248;

ofN. cultrifera,316

Buchanan, on marine muds,423

Buchholzia,359

Budding, in Syllidae,279,283(see also Gemmation);

in Polyzoa,467,514(see also Polypide-bud)

Bugula,467,468,477,481,515,517,518,519,526;

avicularia,483,485;

larva,511

Bunge, on respiration in Nematoda,130

Bürger, on Nemertinea,109,112;

onNectonema,168;

on Hirudinea,397,403

Burrows, of Polychaeta,285,304;

ofCirratulus,286;

ofNereis,286,316,317;

ofArenicola,333;

fossil,302;

of Earthworms,368;

ofSipunculus,426

Bursa seminalis, in Rhabdocoels,48

Busk, on Polyzoa,465n.,475,487,519

Buskia,533

Bütschli, on Nematoda,137

Byrsophlebs, occurrence,44;

British species,49

Caberea,487,518,526;

vibracula,486,517

Caecum, in Polyzoa,499

Calathus, host ofGordius,172

Calceostominae,73

Calceostomum,73

Caldwell, onPhoronis,454,456,461

Calicotyle,73

Callidina,201,202,204,218,219,222,225,227,230

Calliobothrium,76n.,91;

larva,77

Calotte, of Dicyemids,93

Calyx,488

Camerano, on development ofGordius,170

Capitella,331;

peristomium,263;

special chaetae,267,268;

habitat,286;

colour,291;

O. capitata, distribution,299

Capitellidae,258,331,373

Capitelliformia,258,305;

guanin in,253;

body,259;

buccal region,269;

siphon,272;

ciliated organs,272,273;

genital organs,273

Carabus, host ofGordius,172

Carinella,112;

British species,112

Carinellidae, side organs of,107

Caruncle, of Amphinomidae,260,273n.,318

Caryophyllaeus,91;

C. mutabilis,77

Castalia,308;

distribution of,300

Castings, of Polychaeta,285;

fossil,302;

ofArenicola,333

Castrada,44,49

Cat, parasites of,80,125,130,140,143,144,145

Catenicella,518,519

Catenula,49

Cathypna,225

Cathypnidae,225

Cellaria,479,515,518,519,526;

zooecia and avicularium,482

Cellepora,518,527,528,529;

avicularia,483,517

Celleporella,529

Cellularia,518,527

Cellularina,518

Cement-glands, of Rotifers,205

Cephalic slits, of Nemertinea,101,104,107,111,112

Cephalisation, in Polychaeta,263;

in Oligochaeta,377

Cephalodiscus,461f.

Cephalopods, parasites of,78,92;

list of, containing Dicyemids,94

Cephalosiphon,205,221

Cephalothrix,112

Cercaria,13,65,67,71f.;

C. macrocerca,72;

C. cystophora,72

Cercyra,42

Cerebral organ, of Nemertinea,107;

of Gephyrea,417

Cerebratulus,101,111,114;

British species,111

Cerfontaine, on Earthworms,349,350

Cestoda, characters of the group,5,74;

nature of,76f.;

occurrence,77-82;

life-histories,83;

structure and development,84-89;

synoptic table of,89f.;

classification,91

Cestodariidae (= Monozoa),91

Cestoplana,17,18,19

Cestoplanidae,19

Chaetae,241;

of Polychaeta,266,267;

provisional,274;

ofNereis,246,247;

of Heteronereid,276,277;

jointed,246;

natatory, in sexual Syllid,278,307;

iridescent,268,291,312;

palmate, ofCoabangia,339n.;

colour,291;

genital, ofCapitella,331;

ofSternaspis,336;

special, ofPolydora,261,267;

ofChaetopterus,267,324;

ofMyzostoma,342;

of Oligochaeta,347,350,351,352;

penial,362;

of Microdrili,375f.;

of Megadrili,381f.;

of Lumbricidae,389,390;

of Leeches,395,396;

(= hooks), of Echiuroid Gephyrea,434,435,438,440f.,446

Chaetifera,445,446

Chaetobranchus,352

Chaetogaster,356,377,401

Chaetognatha,186f.,534;

anatomy,186;

development,189;

habits,189;

classification,191;

key to,193;

American species,534

Chaetonotus,232,235

Chaetopoda,241f.;

as food for Nemertinea,115

Chaetopteridae,258,323


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