Chapter 37

Monostomatidae,73Monostomum,71,73;life-history,72Monostyla,225,226Monotidae,50Monotus,36;British species,50;M. fuscus,45;habits,46Monozoa,91Montgomery, onStichostemma eilhardii,118Monura,225Morren, on Earthworms,347Moseley, on Land Planarians,7,35n.,37;onPelagonemertes,101,114Movements, in Rotifers, etc.,206,235Moxon, on Rotifers,198Mucro,522,525Mucronella,518,522,528,529,530,531Müller, F., on Triclads,37;on Polyzoa,493Müller, O. F., on Turbellaria,6;on Rotifers,197;on Oligochaeta,348,352Müller's larva,16,28,29Muscles, ofLeptoplana,12;of intestine in Polyclads,24;of Nemertinea,102,103;of Nematoda,128;of Gordiidae,165;of Chaetognatha,187;of Rotifers, etc.,206,233,237;ofNereis,247,249f.;of Polyzoa,469,470,472,499,500—see also Body-wallMusculo-glandular organ, in Triclads,39,40Myrianida,280,308;gemmiparity,279,280;markings,293Myrianites,302Mytilia,225,226Myxicola,338;tori uncinigeri,268;eyes,272;otocyst,273;tube,285;supposed mimicry,294Myzostoma, anatomy,342f.;M. cirriferum,343;M. glabrum,342Myzostomaria,241;structure and affinities,342f.Myzostomatidae,342Naidomorpha (= Naididae and Naids),348,352,375f.,377,378,400;chaetae,350,367;reproductive organs,361;asexual reproduction,281,377Nais,348,377;chaetae,350Nannodrilus,382f.Natatory chaetae, of Nereidae,277;of Syllidae,278,307Nathusius, on parasites,63,163Nauphanta,314,315Nebalia, Rotifers parasitic on,225Nectochaeta,291Nectonema agile,164,168,169,173Nemathelminthes,123f.,168Nematobothrium,4,55,71,73Nematoda,123;anatomy,124f.;embryology,135;classification,136;life-history of,159f.Nematogen,94;Secondary Nematogen,94Nematomorpha,123,164f.Nematoxys,139,142,161,163Nematozoa,137Nemertes, British species,110;deposition of ova and spermatozoa in,116Nemertinea, affinities,119;anatomy,102;body-wall,102;breeding,116;cephalic slits and cerebral organs,107,273;circulatory system,106,107;classification,109f.;colour,102;contractility,102;development,113;diagram,104;digestive system,103;excretory system,108,108;external characters,101;food,115;fresh-water forms,101,118;generative organs,109;geographical distribution,117;habitat,100;habits,114;land forms,101,117;locomotion,114,115;nervous system,105,106;parasitic forms,101,119;pelagic forms,101,114;proboscis,100,101f.,103,104,110,115;regeneration,115;sense organs,101,106,107;size,100Nemertodrilus,360Nemertoscolex,444Neodrilus,384Neorhynchidae,184Neorhynchus clavaeceps,178,181,184;N. agilis,184Nephelis,392f.,397,399,401,403,405Nephridium, of Archiannelida,243,244;ofNereis,253;ofArenicola,253,254;of Polychaeta,253;dimorphism of, in Polychaeta,269;thoracic, of Sabelliformia,306;of Terebellidae,327;of Chlorhaemidae,334;ofMyzostoma,344;of Oligochaeta,356f.,381f.,400;of Leeches,399;of Gephyrea—see Brown tubes;ofPhoronis,456Nephthydidae,258,317Nephthys,317;nephridium,254;prostomium,259,260;head,262;tentacles,262;peristomium,263;parapodium,264,265;cirrus,265;gill,268;jaws,270;habitat,286;as bait,297Nereidae,258,315;palps,260;colour,292Nereidiformia,258,303;vascular system,252;anal cirri,259;prostomium,259,260;tentacles,262;peristomial cirri,263;parapodium,264f.;cirri,265;chaetae,266;jaws,269;eyes,272;ciliated organ,273;regeneration in,283;food,296;fossil,301f.Nereilepas,317Nereis,246,299,301,316f.;anatomy,245f.,247f.;transverse section,247;parapodium,246,247,265,317;chaetae,246;head,246,248,316;alimentary canal,249f.,251;jaws,248,250,270,316;nervous system,254,255;eye,255;vascular system,247,251;dorsal ciliated organ,247,254,256;nephridium,253;reproduction,256;sexually mature,276,276f.;sexual dimorphism and Heteroneid phase,276f.;epitokous (= epigamous) and atokous phase,277n.;from fresh water,284;burrow,286;pigment,292;as bait,297;commensalism,298;as host,299;British species,316f.Nereites,302Nerine,299,322;habitat,286;N. vulgaris, head,322Nerve plexus of Nemertinea,103,105Nervous system, ofLeptoplana,13,14;of Polyclads,26,30;ofPlanaria lactea,39;reduced in parasitic Rhabdocoels,45;ofTemnocephala,54;of Polystomatidae,56;of Cestodes,75,86;of Nemertinea,105,106;of Nematoda,127;of Gordiidae,166;of Acanthocephala,177;of Chaetognatha,187;of Rotifera, etc.,215,234,237;of Archiannelida,243,244;of Polychaeta,254;visceral, of Polychaeta,255;of Oligochaeta,353,374;of Gephyrea,416,431,437,440,445;ofPhoronis,456;of Polyzoa,471Neumann, on parasites,164Neuropodium,246,247,264,266,268Newton, on zoo-geographical regions,372Nicolea,328;gill,329Nicomache,332;tail,332;tube,287;N. lumbricalis, colour,292;distribution,299Nitsche, on Polyzoa,475n.,478,500Nitzschia,56,73Norman, on Polyzoa,475Norodonia,492Notamia,518,526Noteus,225Notholca,225,226Notocotyle,73Notomastus,331;chaetae,268Notommata,217,224,226Notommatidae,200,205,207,215,223,224Notophyllum, colour,293Notopodium,246,247,264,265,268Notops,200,224Notopygos,259Nuchal cirri of Eunicidae,318;Nuchal organ—see Ciliated pitsOcnerodrilus,383Octobothrium,56,73Octochaetus,358,384Octocotylinae,73Octotrocha,221Odontosyllis, reproduction of,278;as host,297.Oecistes,205,206,221Oenonites,302Oesophageal glands,271,358Ogmogaster,73Oka, on Hirudinea,399f.;on Polyzoa,500Olfactory pits, in Polyclads,26;in Triclads,36Oligocelis,42Oligochaeta,241,347f.;external characters,348;body-wall,349;chaetae,350,351;branchiae,352;nervous system,353;sense-organs,354;coelom and vascular system,355;excretory organs,356;alimentary canal,358;reproductive organs,360;habitat,365;phosphorescence,368;distribution,369;classification,373;Rotifers parasitic on,227Oligocladus,19,22Oligognathus,297Ollulanus,142;O. tricuspis,144,161Omalostoma,49Onchnesoma,422,423,426,430,447Onchocotyle,73Oncholaimus,157Onchosphaera-larva of Cestodes,87,88Onuphin,290Onuphis,290,318,319;O. conchylega, tube,287Onychochaeta,388;chaeta,351Onyx,131Ootype, inPolystomum,59.Operculum, of Serpulidae,261,276,339;ofSpirorbis, as brood-pouch,261,276;of Cheilostomata,466,477,481,482,522,524Opesia,524Ophelia,299,332;eggs,275;coelomic corpuscles,252Opheliidae,258,331;gill,265;ciliated pits,272Ophiodromus,308;O. flexuosus, parasitic,297Ophryotrocha,310,320;pelagic,291;genital organs,274Opisthotrema,73Opistoma,50Orbigny, D', on Polyzoa,519,520Orifice, of zooecium,466,469,470,524;secondary,522,524Örley, on classification of Nematodes,137Orthonectidae,13,92,94f.Otocyst (and Otolith), of Turbellaria,26;of Nemertinea,106,110;

Monostomatidae,73

Monostomum,71,73;

life-history,72

Monostyla,225,226

Monotidae,50

Monotus,36;

British species,50;

M. fuscus,45;

habits,46

Monozoa,91

Montgomery, onStichostemma eilhardii,118

Monura,225

Morren, on Earthworms,347

Moseley, on Land Planarians,7,35n.,37;

onPelagonemertes,101,114

Movements, in Rotifers, etc.,206,235

Moxon, on Rotifers,198

Mucro,522,525

Mucronella,518,522,528,529,530,531

Müller, F., on Triclads,37;

on Polyzoa,493

Müller, O. F., on Turbellaria,6;

on Rotifers,197;

on Oligochaeta,348,352

Müller's larva,16,28,29

Muscles, ofLeptoplana,12;

of intestine in Polyclads,24;

of Nemertinea,102,103;

of Nematoda,128;

of Gordiidae,165;

of Chaetognatha,187;

of Rotifers, etc.,206,233,237;

ofNereis,247,249f.;

of Polyzoa,469,470,472,499,500—see also Body-wall

Musculo-glandular organ, in Triclads,39,40

Myrianida,280,308;

gemmiparity,279,280;

markings,293

Myrianites,302

Mytilia,225,226

Myxicola,338;

tori uncinigeri,268;

eyes,272;

otocyst,273;

tube,285;

supposed mimicry,294

Myzostoma, anatomy,342f.;

M. cirriferum,343;

M. glabrum,342

Myzostomaria,241;

structure and affinities,342f.

Myzostomatidae,342

Naidomorpha (= Naididae and Naids),348,352,375f.,377,378,400;

chaetae,350,367;

reproductive organs,361;

asexual reproduction,281,377

Nais,348,377;

chaetae,350

Nannodrilus,382f.

Natatory chaetae, of Nereidae,277;

of Syllidae,278,307

Nathusius, on parasites,63,163

Nauphanta,314,315

Nebalia, Rotifers parasitic on,225

Nectochaeta,291

Nectonema agile,164,168,169,173

Nemathelminthes,123f.,168

Nematobothrium,4,55,71,73

Nematoda,123;

anatomy,124f.;

embryology,135;

classification,136;

life-history of,159f.

Nematogen,94;

Secondary Nematogen,94

Nematomorpha,123,164f.

Nematoxys,139,142,161,163

Nematozoa,137

Nemertes, British species,110;

deposition of ova and spermatozoa in,116

Nemertinea, affinities,119;

anatomy,102;

body-wall,102;

breeding,116;

cephalic slits and cerebral organs,107,273;

circulatory system,106,107;

classification,109f.;

colour,102;

contractility,102;

development,113;

diagram,104;

digestive system,103;

excretory system,108,108;

external characters,101;

food,115;

fresh-water forms,101,118;

generative organs,109;

geographical distribution,117;

habitat,100;

habits,114;

land forms,101,117;

locomotion,114,115;

nervous system,105,106;

parasitic forms,101,119;

pelagic forms,101,114;

proboscis,100,101f.,103,104,110,115;

regeneration,115;

sense organs,101,106,107;

size,100

Nemertodrilus,360

Nemertoscolex,444

Neodrilus,384

Neorhynchidae,184

Neorhynchus clavaeceps,178,181,184;

N. agilis,184

Nephelis,392f.,397,399,401,403,405

Nephridium, of Archiannelida,243,244;

ofNereis,253;

ofArenicola,253,254;

of Polychaeta,253;

dimorphism of, in Polychaeta,269;

thoracic, of Sabelliformia,306;

of Terebellidae,327;

of Chlorhaemidae,334;

ofMyzostoma,344;

of Oligochaeta,356f.,381f.,400;

of Leeches,399;

of Gephyrea—see Brown tubes;

ofPhoronis,456

Nephthydidae,258,317

Nephthys,317;

nephridium,254;

prostomium,259,260;

head,262;

tentacles,262;

peristomium,263;

parapodium,264,265;

cirrus,265;

gill,268;

jaws,270;

habitat,286;

as bait,297

Nereidae,258,315;

palps,260;

colour,292

Nereidiformia,258,303;

vascular system,252;

anal cirri,259;

prostomium,259,260;

tentacles,262;

peristomial cirri,263;

parapodium,264f.;

cirri,265;

chaetae,266;

jaws,269;

eyes,272;

ciliated organ,273;

regeneration in,283;

food,296;

fossil,301f.

Nereilepas,317

Nereis,246,299,301,316f.;

anatomy,245f.,247f.;

transverse section,247;

parapodium,246,247,265,317;

chaetae,246;

head,246,248,316;

alimentary canal,249f.,251;

jaws,248,250,270,316;

nervous system,254,255;

eye,255;

vascular system,247,251;

dorsal ciliated organ,247,254,256;

nephridium,253;

reproduction,256;

sexually mature,276,276f.;

sexual dimorphism and Heteroneid phase,276f.;

epitokous (= epigamous) and atokous phase,277n.;

from fresh water,284;

burrow,286;

pigment,292;

as bait,297;

commensalism,298;

as host,299;

British species,316f.

Nereites,302

Nerine,299,322;

habitat,286;

N. vulgaris, head,322

Nerve plexus of Nemertinea,103,105

Nervous system, ofLeptoplana,13,14;

of Polyclads,26,30;

ofPlanaria lactea,39;

reduced in parasitic Rhabdocoels,45;

ofTemnocephala,54;

of Polystomatidae,56;

of Cestodes,75,86;

of Nemertinea,105,106;

of Nematoda,127;

of Gordiidae,166;

of Acanthocephala,177;

of Chaetognatha,187;

of Rotifera, etc.,215,234,237;

of Archiannelida,243,244;

of Polychaeta,254;

visceral, of Polychaeta,255;

of Oligochaeta,353,374;

of Gephyrea,416,431,437,440,445;

ofPhoronis,456;

of Polyzoa,471

Neumann, on parasites,164

Neuropodium,246,247,264,266,268

Newton, on zoo-geographical regions,372

Nicolea,328;

gill,329

Nicomache,332;

tail,332;

tube,287;

N. lumbricalis, colour,292;

distribution,299

Nitsche, on Polyzoa,475n.,478,500

Nitzschia,56,73

Norman, on Polyzoa,475

Norodonia,492

Notamia,518,526

Noteus,225

Notholca,225,226

Notocotyle,73

Notomastus,331;

chaetae,268

Notommata,217,224,226

Notommatidae,200,205,207,215,223,224

Notophyllum, colour,293

Notopodium,246,247,264,265,268

Notops,200,224

Notopygos,259

Nuchal cirri of Eunicidae,318;

Nuchal organ—see Ciliated pits

Ocnerodrilus,383

Octobothrium,56,73

Octochaetus,358,384

Octocotylinae,73

Octotrocha,221

Odontosyllis, reproduction of,278;

as host,297.

Oecistes,205,206,221

Oenonites,302

Oesophageal glands,271,358

Ogmogaster,73

Oka, on Hirudinea,399f.;

on Polyzoa,500

Olfactory pits, in Polyclads,26;

in Triclads,36

Oligocelis,42

Oligochaeta,241,347f.;

external characters,348;

body-wall,349;

chaetae,350,351;

branchiae,352;

nervous system,353;

sense-organs,354;

coelom and vascular system,355;

excretory organs,356;

alimentary canal,358;

reproductive organs,360;

habitat,365;

phosphorescence,368;

distribution,369;

classification,373;

Rotifers parasitic on,227

Oligocladus,19,22

Oligognathus,297

Ollulanus,142;

O. tricuspis,144,161

Omalostoma,49

Onchnesoma,422,423,426,430,447

Onchocotyle,73

Oncholaimus,157

Onchosphaera-larva of Cestodes,87,88

Onuphin,290

Onuphis,290,318,319;

O. conchylega, tube,287

Onychochaeta,388;

chaeta,351

Onyx,131

Ootype, inPolystomum,59.

Operculum, of Serpulidae,261,276,339;

ofSpirorbis, as brood-pouch,261,276;

of Cheilostomata,466,477,481,482,522,524

Opesia,524

Ophelia,299,332;

eggs,275;

coelomic corpuscles,252

Opheliidae,258,331;

gill,265;

ciliated pits,272

Ophiodromus,308;

O. flexuosus, parasitic,297

Ophryotrocha,310,320;

pelagic,291;

genital organs,274

Opisthotrema,73

Opistoma,50

Orbigny, D', on Polyzoa,519,520

Orifice, of zooecium,466,469,470,524;

secondary,522,524

Örley, on classification of Nematodes,137

Orthonectidae,13,92,94f.

Otocyst (and Otolith), of Turbellaria,26;

of Nemertinea,106,110;


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