Chapter 43

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NOTES

[1]Hemprich and Ehrenberg,Symbolae physicae, Berlin, fol. 1831.

Hemprich and Ehrenberg,Symbolae physicae, Berlin, fol. 1831.

[2]Î¤Ïá¿†Î¼Î±, a hole; referring to the orifices of the suckers.

Î¤Ïá¿†Î¼Î±, a hole; referring to the orifices of the suckers.

[3]MÃ©moires pour servir Ã l'histoire d. Polypes d'eau douce, Leyden, 1744.

MÃ©moires pour servir Ã l'histoire d. Polypes d'eau douce, Leyden, 1744.

[4]Die Parasiten des Menschen, 1879â€”â€”. Engl. Transl. by W. E. Hoyle, i. 1886.

Die Parasiten des Menschen, 1879â€”â€”. Engl. Transl. by W. E. Hoyle, i. 1886.

[5]Band 4, by M. Braun. (Mesozoa and Trematoda completed; Cestoda in progress.)

Band 4, by M. Braun. (Mesozoa and Trematoda completed; Cestoda in progress.)

[6]Verm. terr. et fluv. ... succincta historia, 1773;Zool. Danica, 1777.

Verm. terr. et fluv. ... succincta historia, 1773;Zool. Danica, 1777.

[7]Observations on Planariae, Edinburgh, 1813.

Observations on Planariae, Edinburgh, 1813.

[8]M. Faraday, "On the Planariae,"Medical Gazette, Feb. 1832; and inEdinburgh New Philosoph. Journal, vol. xiv. 1833, pp. 183-189.

M. Faraday, "On the Planariae,"Medical Gazette, Feb. 1832; and inEdinburgh New Philosoph. Journal, vol. xiv. 1833, pp. 183-189.

[9]Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol.tom. xiii. 1827.

Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol.tom. xiii. 1827.

[10]Ann. Sci. Nat.(Zool.) I. tom. xv. 1828.;ibid.tom. xxi. 1830.

Ann. Sci. Nat.(Zool.) I. tom. xv. 1828.;ibid.tom. xxi. 1830.

[11]MÃ©m. Acad. St. PÃ©tersbourg, 5th ser. tom. ii. 1832.

MÃ©m. Acad. St. PÃ©tersbourg, 5th ser. tom. ii. 1832.

[12]Die rhabdocoelen Turbellarien des SÃ¼sswassers.Jena 1848.

Die rhabdocoelen Turbellarien des SÃ¼sswassers.Jena 1848.

[13]Monographie d. Turbellarien.I. Rhabdocoelida, 1882. Die Acoela, Leipzig, 1892.

Monographie d. Turbellarien.I. Rhabdocoelida, 1882. Die Acoela, Leipzig, 1892.

[14]"Die Polycladen,"Fauna u. Flora d. Golfes v. Neapel, Monogr. XI. 1884.

"Die Polycladen,"Fauna u. Flora d. Golfes v. Neapel, Monogr. XI. 1884.

[15]Phil. Trans.1874, p. 105.

Phil. Trans.1874, p. 105.

[16]Since no food, but only the pharynx, passes through this "mouth," the term is unfortunate. Moreover the true mouth is the aperture placing the stomach in communication with the pharynx (Fig. 5,gm).

Since no food, but only the pharynx, passes through this "mouth," the term is unfortunate. Moreover the true mouth is the aperture placing the stomach in communication with the pharynx (Fig. 5,gm).

[17]Ann. Sci. Nat.1 sÃ©r. tom. xv. 1828, p. 146. "La Planaire trÃ©mellaire ... peut parcourir ... en faisant battre rapidement ses parties latÃ©rales Ã la maniÃ¨re des larges nageoires des Raies."

Ann. Sci. Nat.1 sÃ©r. tom. xv. 1828, p. 146. "La Planaire trÃ©mellaire ... peut parcourir ... en faisant battre rapidement ses parties latÃ©rales Ã la maniÃ¨re des larges nageoires des Raies."

[18]Observations on Planariae.Edinburgh, 1813, p. 12.

Observations on Planariae.Edinburgh, 1813, p. 12.

[19]"Zur Anat. u. Entwickl. einiger Seeplanarien v. St. Malo,"Abh. K. Gesellschaft d. Wiss.GÃ¶ttingen, 1868.

"Zur Anat. u. Entwickl. einiger Seeplanarien v. St. Malo,"Abh. K. Gesellschaft d. Wiss.GÃ¶ttingen, 1868.

[20]The roof of the peripharyngeal chamber is hence known as the "diaphragm."

The roof of the peripharyngeal chamber is hence known as the "diaphragm."

[21]See Brandt,Fauna u. Flora d. Golfes v. Neapel, Monogr. XIII. 1885, p. 65.

See Brandt,Fauna u. Flora d. Golfes v. Neapel, Monogr. XIII. 1885, p. 65.

[22]See p.94.

See p.94.

[23]Verhandlungen d. med. Gesellschaft zu WÃ¼rzburg, iv. 1854, p. 223.

Verhandlungen d. med. Gesellschaft zu WÃ¼rzburg, iv. 1854, p. 223.

[24]Enantia spiniferaGrff.Mittheil. d. Naturwiss. Verein. f. Steiermark, 1889.

Enantia spiniferaGrff.Mittheil. d. Naturwiss. Verein. f. Steiermark, 1889.

[25]The sucker ofLeptoplana tremellarisprobably does not correspond with that of the Cotylea.

The sucker ofLeptoplana tremellarisprobably does not correspond with that of the Cotylea.

[26]Collingwood,Trans. Linn. Soc.2 ser. vol. i. pt. 3, 1876, p. 83.

Collingwood,Trans. Linn. Soc.2 ser. vol. i. pt. 3, 1876, p. 83.

[27]Von Stummer-Traunfels,Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool.Bd. lx. 1895, p. 689.

Von Stummer-Traunfels,Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool.Bd. lx. 1895, p. 689.

[28]Planocera pellucidaMertens,P. simrothiv.Â Grff.,P. grubeiGrff.,Stylochoplana sargassicolaMertens,S. californicaWoodworth,Planctoplana challengeriGrff., all belonging to the Planoceridae. See v.Â Graff, "Pelagische Polycladen,"Zeitschrift f. wiss. Zoologie, Bd. lv. 1892, p. 190.

Planocera pellucidaMertens,P. simrothiv.Â Grff.,P. grubeiGrff.,Stylochoplana sargassicolaMertens,S. californicaWoodworth,Planctoplana challengeriGrff., all belonging to the Planoceridae. See v.Â Graff, "Pelagische Polycladen,"Zeitschrift f. wiss. Zoologie, Bd. lv. 1892, p. 190.

[29]Cambridge Natural History, vol. iii. p. 74.

Cambridge Natural History, vol. iii. p. 74.

[30]Lang, "Polycladen," p. 629.

Lang, "Polycladen," p. 629.

[31]Wheeler,Journal of Morphology, vol. ix. part 2, 1894, p. 195.

Wheeler,Journal of Morphology, vol. ix. part 2, 1894, p. 195.

[32]Many Nudibranchiate Mollusca undergo this change of habitat. See Garstang,Journal of the Marine Biological Assoc.n.s. i. No. 4, 1890, p. 447.

Many Nudibranchiate Mollusca undergo this change of habitat. See Garstang,Journal of the Marine Biological Assoc.n.s. i. No. 4, 1890, p. 447.

[33]Chun, "Ctenophoren,"Fauna u. Flora G. v. Neapel, Monogr. I. 1880, p. 180.

Chun, "Ctenophoren,"Fauna u. Flora G. v. Neapel, Monogr. I. 1880, p. 180.

[34]See Lang, "Polycladen," p. 607.

See Lang, "Polycladen," p. 607.

[35]Lang, "Polycladen," Pl. 30, Fig. 8.

Lang, "Polycladen," Pl. 30, Fig. 8.

[36]Kongl. Fysiograf. SÃ¤llskapets Handlingar, Bd. iv. Lund, 1892-93.

Kongl. Fysiograf. SÃ¤llskapets Handlingar, Bd. iv. Lund, 1892-93.

[37]Whitman,Journal of Morphology, vol. iv. 1890, p. 361.

Whitman,Journal of Morphology, vol. iv. 1890, p. 361.

[38]A full account of Polyclad development is contained in Lang's "Polycladen," with references to the literature of the subject. Since the date of that work (1884) the embryology of Ctenophora has become better known, but, though the segmentation of the egg and early stages of development are very similar in both cases, the elaborate investigations of E. B. Wilson (Journ. Morphology, vol. vi. p. 361) show that the segmentation of Polychaet worms is again similar. The question of the affinities of the Polycladida is also discussed by Lang ("Polycladen" p. 642et seq.). The work of the last decade has neither proved nor disproved his suggestion that the Ctenophores and Polyclads have been derived from common ancestors. On this subject the remarks made by Hatschek (Lehrbuch d. Zoologie, p. 319) are some of the weightiest that have appeared.

A full account of Polyclad development is contained in Lang's "Polycladen," with references to the literature of the subject. Since the date of that work (1884) the embryology of Ctenophora has become better known, but, though the segmentation of the egg and early stages of development are very similar in both cases, the elaborate investigations of E. B. Wilson (Journ. Morphology, vol. vi. p. 361) show that the segmentation of Polychaet worms is again similar. The question of the affinities of the Polycladida is also discussed by Lang ("Polycladen" p. 642et seq.). The work of the last decade has neither proved nor disproved his suggestion that the Ctenophores and Polyclads have been derived from common ancestors. On this subject the remarks made by Hatschek (Lehrbuch d. Zoologie, p. 319) are some of the weightiest that have appeared.

[39]Hallez,Revue Biologique du Nord de la France, tom. ii. 1889-90.

Hallez,Revue Biologique du Nord de la France, tom. ii. 1889-90.

[40]Voigt,Zool. Anz.xv. p. 238.

Voigt,Zool. Anz.xv. p. 238.

[41]Grube,Archiv f. Naturgeschichte, 38 Jahrg. Bd. i. 1872, p. 273.

Grube,Archiv f. Naturgeschichte, 38 Jahrg. Bd. i. 1872, p. 273.

[42]Vejdovsky,Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zoologie, Bd. lx. 1895, p. 200.

Vejdovsky,Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zoologie, Bd. lx. 1895, p. 200.

[43]Woodworth,Bulletin Mus. Comp. Zoology, Harvard, vol. xxi. No. 1, 1891.

Woodworth,Bulletin Mus. Comp. Zoology, Harvard, vol. xxi. No. 1, 1891.

[44]Mitth. Zool. Stat. Neapel, 1882, p. 187.

Mitth. Zool. Stat. Neapel, 1882, p. 187.

[45]Wheeler,Journal of Morphology, vol. ix. 1894, p. 167.

Wheeler,Journal of Morphology, vol. ix. 1894, p. 167.

[46]Dendy,Trans. Roy. Soc. Victoria1890, p. 65; Id.Austral. Assoc. Brisbane, 1895, "Presid. Add. to Sect. D," p. 15.

Dendy,Trans. Roy. Soc. Victoria1890, p. 65; Id.Austral. Assoc. Brisbane, 1895, "Presid. Add. to Sect. D," p. 15.

[47]Darwin,Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.vol. xiv. 1844, p. 241.

Darwin,Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.vol. xiv. 1844, p. 241.

[48]Shipley,Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc.vol. vii. pt. 4, 1891 (with literature).

Shipley,Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc.vol. vii. pt. 4, 1891 (with literature).

[49]Trans. Roy. Soc. Victoriafrom 1889 onwards.Trans. New Zealand Institute, 1894-95.

Trans. Roy. Soc. Victoriafrom 1889 onwards.Trans. New Zealand Institute, 1894-95.

[50]Moseley,Phil. Trans.1874, p. 105; Id.Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci.vol. xlvii. 1877, p. 273; Loman,Bijdrag tot d. Dierkunde, Aflev. 14, 1887, p. 71; Id.Zool. Ergeb. ein. Reise in Nieder-Ost-Indien, Hft. 1, p. 131; Beddard,Zoogeography, 1895, p. 53.

Moseley,Phil. Trans.1874, p. 105; Id.Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci.vol. xlvii. 1877, p. 273; Loman,Bijdrag tot d. Dierkunde, Aflev. 14, 1887, p. 71; Id.Zool. Ergeb. ein. Reise in Nieder-Ost-Indien, Hft. 1, p. 131; Beddard,Zoogeography, 1895, p. 53.

[51]Beobachtungen Ã¼. Anat. u. Entwickel. an der KÃ¼ste von Normandie, 1863, p. 18.

Beobachtungen Ã¼. Anat. u. Entwickel. an der KÃ¼ste von Normandie, 1863, p. 18.

[52]Archiv f. Naturgeschichte, 57 Jahrg. Bd. i. Hft. 3, 1891, p. 308.

Archiv f. Naturgeschichte, 57 Jahrg. Bd. i. Hft. 3, 1891, p. 308.

[53]Dendy,Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, vol. iv. n.s. i. 1892.

Dendy,Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, vol. iv. n.s. i. 1892.

[54]Schmarda,Neue wirbellose Thiere, Leipzig, 1859, I. i. p. 30.

Schmarda,Neue wirbellose Thiere, Leipzig, 1859, I. i. p. 30.

[55]Abhandl. d. Naturf. Gesell. zu Halle, Bd. iv. 1857, p. 33.

Abhandl. d. Naturf. Gesell. zu Halle, Bd. iv. 1857, p. 33.

[56]Arb. Zool.-Zoot. Instit. WÃ¼rzburg, Bd. v. 1882, p. 120.

Arb. Zool.-Zoot. Instit. WÃ¼rzburg, Bd. v. 1882, p. 120.

[57]Woodworth (loc. cit.p. 38) states that inPhagocatathe yolk-glands arise by proliferation from two parovaria, placed just in front of the ordinary ovaries. Iijima, however (Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool.Bd. xl. 1883, p. 454), regarded them as derivatives of the parenchyma.

Woodworth (loc. cit.p. 38) states that inPhagocatathe yolk-glands arise by proliferation from two parovaria, placed just in front of the ordinary ovaries. Iijima, however (Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool.Bd. xl. 1883, p. 454), regarded them as derivatives of the parenchyma.

[58]The extensive literature on this subject is fairly completely summarised by Voigt inBiol. Centralblatt, vol. xiv. Nos. 20, 21, 1894. Faraday's observations (cf. p.6, note 8) have been generally overlooked.

The extensive literature on this subject is fairly completely summarised by Voigt inBiol. Centralblatt, vol. xiv. Nos. 20, 21, 1894. Faraday's observations (cf. p.6, note 8) have been generally overlooked.

[59]Archives d. Biologie, tom. xii. 1892, p. 437.

Archives d. Biologie, tom. xii. 1892, p. 437.

[60]Mitth. Zool. Stat. Neapel, Bd. iii. 1882, p. 187.

Mitth. Zool. Stat. Neapel, Bd. iii. 1882, p. 187.

[61]BÃ¶hmig,Ergebnisse d. Plankton Expedition, Bd. ii. H. g. 1895.

BÃ¶hmig,Ergebnisse d. Plankton Expedition, Bd. ii. H. g. 1895.

[62]von Graff,Die Acoela, Leipzig, 1892. Appendix.

von Graff,Die Acoela, Leipzig, 1892. Appendix.

[63]The development of theAcoelahas been worked out recently by Mdlle. Pereyaslawzewa (Zapiski Novoross. Obshch. Odessa, 17 Bd. 1892) and Gardiner (Journal of Morphology, xi. No. 1, 1895, p. 155) with conflicting results. The former finds four endoderm cells, which give rise to a larval intestine. TheAcoelaare for her,Pseudacoela. Gardiner, on the other hand, finds no trace of an endoderm at any stage of the development ofPolychoerus caudatus.

The development of theAcoelahas been worked out recently by Mdlle. Pereyaslawzewa (Zapiski Novoross. Obshch. Odessa, 17 Bd. 1892) and Gardiner (Journal of Morphology, xi. No. 1, 1895, p. 155) with conflicting results. The former finds four endoderm cells, which give rise to a larval intestine. TheAcoelaare for her,Pseudacoela. Gardiner, on the other hand, finds no trace of an endoderm at any stage of the development ofPolychoerus caudatus.

[64]Tijdschr. Nederland. Dierk. Ver.Deel ii. 1875.

Tijdschr. Nederland. Dierk. Ver.Deel ii. 1875.

[65]Von Graff,Monographie d. Turbellarien: I. Rhabdocoeliden, 1882. Gamble,Quart. Journ. Microscop. Science, vol. xxxiv. 1893, p. 433.

Von Graff,Monographie d. Turbellarien: I. Rhabdocoeliden, 1882. Gamble,Quart. Journ. Microscop. Science, vol. xxxiv. 1893, p. 433.

[66]Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zoologie, Bd. lx. 1895, p. 163.

Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zoologie, Bd. lx. 1895, p. 163.

[67]See von GraffsMonographie, pl. ix.; and Jensen,Turbellaria ad Litora Norvegiae, Bergen, 1878, pl. iv.

See von GraffsMonographie, pl. ix.; and Jensen,Turbellaria ad Litora Norvegiae, Bergen, 1878, pl. iv.

[68]For the reproductive organs of Rhabdocoelida, consult von Graff,Monographie, "Die Acoela"; and BÃ¶hmig,Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool.Bd. li. 1891, p. 167.

For the reproductive organs of Rhabdocoelida, consult von Graff,Monographie, "Die Acoela"; and BÃ¶hmig,Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool.Bd. li. 1891, p. 167.

[69]Untersuchungen Ã¼. Platyhelminthen, Giessen, 1873, p. 101.

Untersuchungen Ã¼. Platyhelminthen, Giessen, 1873, p. 101.

[70]Compare the remarks on Trematodes, pp.4-5.

Compare the remarks on Trematodes, pp.4-5.

[71]Haswell,Monograph of the Temnocephaleae. Macleay Memorial Volume. Mem. iii. 1893.

Haswell,Monograph of the Temnocephaleae. Macleay Memorial Volume. Mem. iii. 1893.

[72]Braun, in Bronn'sKlassen u. Ordn. d. Thierreichs, vol. iv. p. 407, gives a valuable summary of our knowledge of this group. For figures, see van Beneden and Hesse,MÃ©moires de l'Acad. roy. de Belgique, tom. xxxiv. 1864, pp. 1-169. A valuable paper (with synoptic tables) on Japanese Monogenea, by Goto,Journ. Coll. Sci. Japan, vol. viii. pt. 1, 1894, has recently appeared.

Braun, in Bronn'sKlassen u. Ordn. d. Thierreichs, vol. iv. p. 407, gives a valuable summary of our knowledge of this group. For figures, see van Beneden and Hesse,MÃ©moires de l'Acad. roy. de Belgique, tom. xxxiv. 1864, pp. 1-169. A valuable paper (with synoptic tables) on Japanese Monogenea, by Goto,Journ. Coll. Sci. Japan, vol. viii. pt. 1, 1894, has recently appeared.

[73]See Leuckart, "Parasiten" Bd. ii. p. 238.

See Leuckart, "Parasiten" Bd. ii. p. 238.

[74]Zeller,Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool.xxii. 1872, pp. 1, 168; also Bd. xxvii. 1876, p. 238; xlvi. 1888, p. 233.

Zeller,Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool.xxii. 1872, pp. 1, 168; also Bd. xxvii. 1876, p. 238; xlvi. 1888, p. 233.

[75]An excellent and beautifully illustrated account, by Looss, of the Distomatidae of Frogs and Fishes may be found in Leuckart and Chun'sBibliotheca Zoologica, Heft 16, 1894.

An excellent and beautifully illustrated account, by Looss, of the Distomatidae of Frogs and Fishes may be found in Leuckart and Chun'sBibliotheca Zoologica, Heft 16, 1894.

[76]Leuckart,Parasiten d. Menschen, "Trematoden," 1892-94; R. Blanchard,TraitÃ© d. Zool. mÃ©dicale, i. 1889; H. B. Ward,Report for 1894 of Nebraska State Board of Agric. Lincoln, U.S.A. 1895, p. 225.

Leuckart,Parasiten d. Menschen, "Trematoden," 1892-94; R. Blanchard,TraitÃ© d. Zool. mÃ©dicale, i. 1889; H. B. Ward,Report for 1894 of Nebraska State Board of Agric. Lincoln, U.S.A. 1895, p. 225.

[77]Huxley,Anat. of Invert. Animals, 1877, p. 194.

Huxley,Anat. of Invert. Animals, 1877, p. 194.

[78]Braun, Bronn'sThierreichs, Bd. iv. p. 792; Leuckart,Parasiten d. Menschen, 11 Abth. p. 158; Brandes, inSpengels Zool. Jahrb. Syst. Abtheil.Bd. v. 1890, p. 849; v.Â Nordmann,Mikr. Beitr.i. Berlin, 1832.

Braun, Bronn'sThierreichs, Bd. iv. p. 792; Leuckart,Parasiten d. Menschen, 11 Abth. p. 158; Brandes, inSpengels Zool. Jahrb. Syst. Abtheil.Bd. v. 1890, p. 849; v.Â Nordmann,Mikr. Beitr.i. Berlin, 1832.

[79]Heckert,Bibliotheca Zoologica(Leuckart and Chun), Heft 4, 1889. I am not aware thatLeucochloridiumhas been noticed in England.

Heckert,Bibliotheca Zoologica(Leuckart and Chun), Heft 4, 1889. I am not aware thatLeucochloridiumhas been noticed in England.

[80]"Heterogamy" usually means the alternation of bisexual and unisexual generations (e.g.Rhabdonema nigrovenosum), but is, unfortunately, also used in the sense of Alloiogenesis, as defined above. See Grobben,Arbeit. Zool. zoot. Ints. Wien, Bd. iv. 1881, p. 201.

"Heterogamy" usually means the alternation of bisexual and unisexual generations (e.g.Rhabdonema nigrovenosum), but is, unfortunately, also used in the sense of Alloiogenesis, as defined above. See Grobben,Arbeit. Zool. zoot. Ints. Wien, Bd. iv. 1881, p. 201.

[81]Parasiten, Bd. i. Abth. II. p. 152.

Parasiten, Bd. i. Abth. II. p. 152.

[82]Festschrift f. Leuckart, Leipzig, 1892, p. 167.

Festschrift f. Leuckart, Leipzig, 1892, p. 167.

[83]Quart. Journ. Micros. Sci.vol. xxiii. 1883, p. 90.

Quart. Journ. Micros. Sci.vol. xxiii. 1883, p. 90.

[84]The intermediate host in the Sandwich Islands is said to beLimnaea peregra. See Lutz,Centralbl. f. Bakter.xi. 1892, p. 783.

The intermediate host in the Sandwich Islands is said to beLimnaea peregra. See Lutz,Centralbl. f. Bakter.xi. 1892, p. 783.

[85]The mortality in wet years, however, is said to be largely due to pulmonary inflammation. This and other causes of death are not always discriminated in the returns.

The mortality in wet years, however, is said to be largely due to pulmonary inflammation. This and other causes of death are not always discriminated in the returns.

[86]See Thomas,Quart. Journ. Micros. Science, xxiii. 1883. Neumann,Parasites of Domesticated Animals, translated by Fleming, 1892.

See Thomas,Quart. Journ. Micros. Science, xxiii. 1883. Neumann,Parasites of Domesticated Animals, translated by Fleming, 1892.

[87]Leuckart,loc. cit.; Looss,Archiv f. mikroskop. Anatomie, Bd. xlvi. 1895, p. 1.

Leuckart,loc. cit.; Looss,Archiv f. mikroskop. Anatomie, Bd. xlvi. 1895, p. 1.

[88]In Leuckart,Die Parasiten d. Menschen, pp. 521-528, 1894.

In Leuckart,Die Parasiten d. Menschen, pp. 521-528, 1894.

[89]Cf. p.89.

Cf. p.89.

[90]See Braun. Bronn'sKlassen u. Ordnungen d. Thierreichs, vol. iv. p. 572.

See Braun. Bronn'sKlassen u. Ordnungen d. Thierreichs, vol. iv. p. 572.

[91]Braun,loc. cit.p. 573.

Braun,loc. cit.p. 573.

[92]Taken largely from Braun,Ibid.pp. 864-866, where the literature of the subject is referred to fully.

Taken largely from Braun,Ibid.pp. 864-866, where the literature of the subject is referred to fully.

[93]Festschr. f. Leuckart, 1892, p. 134.

Festschr. f. Leuckart, 1892, p. 134.

[94]Cf. p.5.

Cf. p.5.

[95]Arbeit. Inst. Wien, iii. 1881, p. 163; see alsoibid.ix. 1890, p. 57.

Arbeit. Inst. Wien, iii. 1881, p. 163; see alsoibid.ix. 1890, p. 57.

[96]For figures of various scolices see van Beneden,MÃ©moire sur les vers Intestinaux, 1861; Braun in Bronn'sThierreich, Cestoda(in progress), Bd. iv. Pl. xxxviii.-xlv.

For figures of various scolices see van Beneden,MÃ©moire sur les vers Intestinaux, 1861; Braun in Bronn'sThierreich, Cestoda(in progress), Bd. iv. Pl. xxxviii.-xlv.

[97]The mature proglottis ofCalliobothrium eschrichtiis 8-9 mm. long, whereas the strobila only measures 4-5 mm. in length. Species ofPhylliobothrium,Anthobothrium, andTetrarhynchusshow a similar but not an equal contrast between the size of the parent and proglottis (P. J. van Beneden, "Les Vers Cestoides,"Nouv. MÃ©m. de l'Acad. Roy. d. Belgique, tom. xxv. 1850).

The mature proglottis ofCalliobothrium eschrichtiis 8-9 mm. long, whereas the strobila only measures 4-5 mm. in length. Species ofPhylliobothrium,Anthobothrium, andTetrarhynchusshow a similar but not an equal contrast between the size of the parent and proglottis (P. J. van Beneden, "Les Vers Cestoides,"Nouv. MÃ©m. de l'Acad. Roy. d. Belgique, tom. xxv. 1850).

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