Abercromby, General, commands British corps in Minorca,22.Alesia, battle of,86.Alexander the Great, compared with Napoleon,232.Alison, Archibald, sets forth Napoleon's organizing ability,228,229.Allies, plans of, seemed reasonable,25;advantages possessed by,229.Alps, description of,18;Swiss, Tyrolese, French, and Maritime,19;passes of,19.Apennines, description of,19.Archduke Charles, ablest soldier in Austria,23,50;relieved of command,23;opposes Napoleon in 1809,38;quotation from,45;his views sound,50;should have been allowed his way,51;had constructed an intrenched camp at Ulm,94;reference to,107;defeats the Republicans,228.Arcole, battle of,17,76;campaign of,33.Army of Italy, struggles heroically,18;strength and position of,21,55,79-80,229;line of communication of,21;necessity for its remaining along the Apennines,46;in a destitute condition,55;is cut in two,63;its active operations terminate,72;nothing done to improve condition of,88;sufferings of,89.Army of Reserve, the third army,18;scattered throughout France,22;destination of, to be kept secret,28;caricatured29;concentrates,29;will cross the Alps,29;could re-enforce either Moreau or Masséna,31,216;not imaginary,74;strong enough at vital point,90;crosses the Alps,142;passes Fort Bard,145;strength and position of,229.Army of the Rhine, re-enforcement sent to,18;size of, and position of,20,229.Aulic Council, description of,23;reference to,42;errors of,51;ignorant of military matters,51;reasons for failure of,52;gives orders to Kray,111;informs Melas that Army of Reserve is a mere fiction,148;sends despatches to Melas,156,162.Austerlitz, battle of,39.Austria, wages war against France,15;successful on the land,16,41;assisted by England,16;aided by Russia,16;had almost reconquered Italy,17;spies of, gather at Dijon,29;directs Melas to take offensive,41;not aware of existence of Army of Reserve,42;should take the offensive in Germany,45;might have avoided error,46.Austrians, must outnumber the French to succeed,43;discipline and morale of,54.Bard, fort of,143;is surrendered to the French,150.Bassano, battle of,76.Berthier, General, is sent forward,142;directs operations along the Po,155;made nominal commander in chief,216;became a marshal,226.Bethencourt, descends the Simplon,146;arrives at Arona,150.Black Forest, description of,92;mountain system of,110.Blucher, opposes Napoleon in 1814,33.Bochetta, pass of,19.Bonaparte, First Consul, returns to France from Egypt,15;collects Russian prisoners,16;detaches Russia from alliance,16;his absence in Egypt,16;his victories in 1796-97,17;became First Consul,17;prepared for war,17;magic of his name,17;his energy,17;his chance of success small,22;had full control of military operations,22;his achievements in Italy and Egypt,22;his plans,25;first plan,25;rivalry between him and Moreau,26;Victory his object,27;wishes to dazzle the French people,27;second plan,27;will emulate Hannibal,30;could re-enforce Masséna or Moreau,31;would have had the advantage of interior lines,32;defeated the Austrians at Arcole and Rivoli,33;as the situation appeared to him,34,52;could use either France or Switzerland as a base,34;could decide the fate of the Austrians in a single battle,36;could compel the Austrian Emperor to make peace,36;his plan difficult,36;his advantages in Italy,39;important for him to deceive Melas,40;could assemble his forces and decide the fate of Italy by a single battle,40;important that he should take the offensive,44;writes to Masséna,57,85,226;must hurry across the Alps,66;sends Moreau instructions,67;advances,67;enters Milan,70;methods of, in the treatment of fortresses,76;might have been obliged to change his plan,83;his plan,84-85;the problem before him,87-88;if necessary, would sacrifice Masséna,90;nature was his re-enforcement,90;marches on to victory,91;submits a plan to Moreau,95;tried to convince Moreau,97;replies to General Dessoles,97;makes an agreement with Moreau,98;urges Moreau to hasten,100;his plan compared to that of Moreau,117,119,et seq.;makes preparations to cross Rhine,123;his chances of success in Germany,134,135;anxiously awaits developments,136;leaves Paris,136;prepares to cross the Alps,137;his plan,137,138;his knowledge of his adversaries' positions,139;is surprised,144;crosses the Alps,145;studies his maps,145;hurries to Fort Bard,145;marches on Milan,149;seizes crossings of the Po,150;delays at Milan,150;receives news of Masséna's surrender,156;arrives at Montebello and prepares for battle,158;advances towards Marengo,159;detaches Desaix,160;loses touch of his adversary,161;arrives on the battle-field of Marengo,166;retreats,167;is defeated,167;forms a new line of battle,170;forces the Austrians back to Marengo,171;receives surrender of Melas,172;his operations worthy of careful study,176;gained northern Italy,177;the plans which he might have adopted,178;deceived Melas,179,180;is not deterred from his undertaking,181;his reasons for taking this course,181,182;commits an error,184,199;the problem before him,184,195;his reasons for not marching through Switzerland,187;criticisms of,190,191;his critical manœuvre,192-194;his strong position,195,196,197;anxious for fear Melas might escape,199;in a state of doubt,199;risks too much,200,220;courses that he might have taken,201-203;his chances of success on another field,203;his brilliant strategy,204;his reasons for advancing to Marengo,206-208;was surprised and deceived,207-209,213;hastens the return of Desaix,210;defeated the Austrians in detail,213;his merit at Marengo,214;fortune favored him,214,215;his operations faulty in execution,215;was the real commander of the Army of Reserve,216;was prepared for any contingency,217;his caution,217-219;his boldness,219;his activity and care,221,222;his judgment in selecting his subordinates,223;his knowledge of his adversaries' doings,226;his brain the birthplace of victory,230;his success due to his genius,230;his characteristics,230-232.Bourrienne, extract from his "Memoirs of Napoleon,"139.Brenner, pass of,26.Cæsar, compared with Napoleon,232.Campaign of 1814, example from,33.Campaign of 1796-97, example from,33;reference to,47,227.Carnot, minister of war, sent to Moreau's headquarters,108.Castiglione, battle of,17,76.Chabran, General, commands a corps under Bonaparte,142;crosses the Alps,142.Champeaux, General, commands cavalry brigade at Marengo,164,170.Clairfait, General, defeats the Republicans,228.Col di Cadibona, pass of,19.Col di Ormea, pass of,19.Col di Tenda, pass of,19.Comments, on the strategical situation,30,et seq.;on the operations of Masséna and Melas,72,et seq.;on Moreau's operations in Germany,109,et seq.;on Bonaparte's operations in Italy,173,et seq.;general,216,et seq.Danube, river, description of,20.Davoust, became one of Napoleon's marshals,226.Dego, battle of,48.Desaix, General, arrives at the French headquarters,159;marches on Novi,160;returns and advises Bonaparte to fight,170;assaults Zach,171;is killed,172;marches to the sound of the cannon,211,214;compared with Grouchy,211;how ranked by Napoleon,225;mentioned by Napoleon on his death-bed,232.Dessoles, General, Moreau's chief of staff,97;gives advice to Bonaparte,97.Duhesme, General, commands a corps under Bonaparte,142;marches on Milan,149.Dumas, quotation from his life of Napoleon,208.Elsnitz, General, proceeds against Suchet,63,147;drove Suchet back,65;is ordered to quit the Var,70;quits the Var,153;is defeated and retreats,154;commands reserve at Marengo,164,165.Engen, battle of,104;loss at,105.England, wages war against France,15;is successful on the sea,16;spies of, gather at Dijon,29;army of,75.France, stands alone against coalition,15;in a deplorable state,17;civil war in,17.Frederick the Great, might have failed,49;reference to,223;compared with Napoleon,232.French, occupy a more favorable position,43.Front to a flank, definition of,193.Genoa, a strongly fortified place,56;provisions scarce in,58;description of, and its fortifications,61;siege of,63,et seq.Grouchy, Marshal, compared with Desaix,211.Haddick, General, occupies valley of Aosta,146,147;attacks at Marengo,163.Hamley, General, his remarks on the operations in Germany,115,118,121;quotation from,129,195,201,219.Hannibal, Bonaparte follows in footsteps of,27,30,131,143.Hart, Colonel, quotation from,197;his remarks on the errors at Marengo,210.Hohenzollern, General, advances on Bochetta Pass,59;is repulsed,59.Italy, might be reconquered at Vienna,26.Jomini, General, quotation from,37,52,179;his remarks on the passage of a river,124.Kaim, General, watches the passes of the Alps,58;holds Susa,146,147;attacks at Marengo,163;follows General Zach,169.Keith, Admiral, commands British fleet in Gulf of Genoa,22.Kellerman, General, commands cavalry brigade at Marengo,164,170;attacks Austrian cavalry,171.Kienmayer, General, guards defiles of Black Forest,93;remains in Kinzig Valley,102;descends the Danube,105.Kléber, General, how ranked by Napoleon,225.Kray, Marshal, commanded Austrian army,20;was to remain on the defensive,23;was deceived,29;his army separated from that of Melas,30;must lose his communications if defeated,35;his army widely dispersed,37;gave Bonaparte an advantage,43;lacked military ability,49;commands main body in Germany,94;hears of Moreau's movements,100;re-enforces Kienmayer,100;moves on Loffingen and Zollhaus,102;appreciates his faulty position,103;attempts to unite his forces at Stokach,103;at Engen,104;unites his forces at Mosskirch,105;crosses the Danube,106;marches on Ulm,107,108;his strength and losses,107;position of his troops,110;commits an error,111,112,114;faulty arrangement of his forces,111-117;outgenerals Moreau,130;position of his army,229.Lamartine, quotation from,231.Lannes, General, commands a corps under Bonaparte,142;crosses the Alps,142;is checked at Fort Bard,144;passes the fort,145;defeats Haddick,146;captures Pavia,150;crosses the Po,155;fights battle of Montebello,157;secured the title of "Duke of Montebello,"158;at Marengo,164,et seq.;was badly shattered,213;became a marshal,226.Lecourbe, General, commands Moreau's right wing,93;marches on Stokach,103;is victorious,104;delays there to await Moreau's operations,104;captures Memmingen,107.Lincoln, Abraham, virtues of,90.Lodi, battle of,17.Lonato, battle of,76.Macdougall, Colonel, criticizes operations in Germany,116.Mack, General, his army captured by Napoleon,38.Mantua, fortress of, location of,72.Marengo, campaign of,88,173;plain of,163;battle of,163,et seq.;opposing forces at,212.Marescot, General, reports on the passes of the Alps,137.Marlborough, Duke of, compared with Napoleon,232.Marmont, General, became a marshal,226.Masséna, General, takes command of Army of Italy,18;to remain on the defensive,25;had the advantage of a strong position,42,43;could not have driven Melas through Italy,48;brings about better discipline,55;holds Genoa,56;his difficulties,57-58;failed to appreciate the advantages of Bonaparte's plan,58;in a precarious situation,60;was surrounded,60;not discouraged,60;his plan,61,64;attacks General Ott,62;advances towards Nice,62;is again repulsed,62;heroic deeds of,63;resolves to hold Genoa at all hazards,63;urges the First Consul to hasten,63;has hope,64;strength of his forces,64;fought fiercely,65;