A single college graduate of the right sort can do wonders in a little country church or grange or club.The rural churches are suffering for trained laymen to make them effective institutions; but the need is sometimes just as acute for the right sort of womanly leadership, trained, tactful, enthusiastic and effective. The same is true of the social clubs and all local institutions which are open to women. With the rising standards in rural life we shall look more and more to such women of culture to bear the burdens of redirecting and vitalizing the work of rural institutions. It is a worthy work and brings its own true rewards if generously and wisely done.
The Rural Association Secretary
Far more is now being done for the country boy than for the country girl in many communities, and a few college women are discovering in this fact a great call to social and religious service.
In a few colleges, through their outside religious work, the girls have become a little acquainted with the life of the younger girls in the surrounding country. Sympathy leads them to try to help broaden the outlook of these younger sisters, and to bring them the religious ideals and the wholesome fun, both of which their lives often lack.
The Young Women’s Christian Association for a few years past has conducted community work in country towns on lines somewhat similar to the county work of the Young Men’s Christian Association. A few young women are working as county secretaries, and they are women with a vision, and a splendid earnestness. The work, however, is still quite new. It needs development and extension into the smallervillages which need it most. Doubtless this will be done as fast as college women of the right sort, with a real consecration to the needs of the country girl, present themselves as volunteers for this service.
College men are finding a splendid chance for life investment today in the rural secretaryship,—as has been described earlier in this chapter. There is no reason why their success with the country boys cannot be duplicated by successful women secretaries with the country girls and women.
It is idle to claim that the average country homes are doing all that needs doing for the country girls, or that the church life and school life are effectively safeguarding them. Moral conditions in too many villages, tardily perceived but often staggering when discovered, belie this false optimism. We must face the fact that country girls need a more wholesome recreational life than most villages afford, and higher ideals of true womanliness than they often gain at home or church or school.
College young women of the right sort, with a winsome personality and some talent for leadership, with social grace and power, with something of athletic skill and a knowledge of organized play, and above all with a wholesome Christian earnestness interpreting religion in practical modern terms, have a great field of service among these country girls with all their social hungers unsatisfied and their latent capacities unawakened. The urgent need of such work in numerous rural counties can hardly be questioned. Its vast possibilities can be discovered only by actual experiment in any community.
In very many ways today the rural problem, so fascinatingly varied and increasingly urgent, challenges the personal interest of the young women of our colleges. They are only beginning to study it. Their eyes have been all too narrowly set on the city and the town. But their rapidly increasing numbers as well as the broadening every year of their outlook upon life gives us reason for the faith that this challenge will not be unheeded. Self-sacrificing womanhood is the salvation of every civilization, urban or rural. It needs only to demonstrate the need; then consecrated womanhood will heed the call. The coming decade should see them by the hundred investing their lives in rural social service and community betterment, that the kingdom of heaven may sooner come.
Nothing could better voice, to the young men and women of America, the heroic appeal of country life leadership and service than Professor Carver’s manly challenge printed on the next page. Though not written exclusively for the country, it fits rural life most admirably.
The Productive Life Fellowship“It offers to young men days of toil and nights of study. It offers frugal fare and plain clothes. It offers lean bodies, hard muscles, horny hands, or furrowed brows. It offers wholesome recreation to the extent necessary to maintain the highest efficiency. It offers the burdens of bringing up large families and training them in the productive life. It offers the obligation of using all wealth as tools and not as means of self-gratification. It does not offer the insult of a life of ease, or æsthetic enjoyment, or graceful consumption, or emotional ecstasy. It offers, instead, the joy of productive achievement, of participating in the building of the Kingdom of God.To young women also it offers toil, study, frugal fare, and plain clothes, such as befit those who are honored with a great and difficult task. It offers also the pains, the burdens and responsibilities of motherhood. It offers also the obligation and perpetuating in succeeding generations the principles of the productive life made manifest in themselves. It does not offer the insult of a life of pride and vanity. It offers the joys of achievement, of self-expression, not alone in dead marble and canvas, but also in the plastic lives of children to be shaped and moulded into those ideal forms of mind and heart which their dreams have pictured. In these ways it offers to them also the joys of participating in the building of the Kingdom of God.”[45]
The Productive Life Fellowship
“It offers to young men days of toil and nights of study. It offers frugal fare and plain clothes. It offers lean bodies, hard muscles, horny hands, or furrowed brows. It offers wholesome recreation to the extent necessary to maintain the highest efficiency. It offers the burdens of bringing up large families and training them in the productive life. It offers the obligation of using all wealth as tools and not as means of self-gratification. It does not offer the insult of a life of ease, or æsthetic enjoyment, or graceful consumption, or emotional ecstasy. It offers, instead, the joy of productive achievement, of participating in the building of the Kingdom of God.
To young women also it offers toil, study, frugal fare, and plain clothes, such as befit those who are honored with a great and difficult task. It offers also the pains, the burdens and responsibilities of motherhood. It offers also the obligation and perpetuating in succeeding generations the principles of the productive life made manifest in themselves. It does not offer the insult of a life of pride and vanity. It offers the joys of achievement, of self-expression, not alone in dead marble and canvas, but also in the plastic lives of children to be shaped and moulded into those ideal forms of mind and heart which their dreams have pictured. In these ways it offers to them also the joys of participating in the building of the Kingdom of God.”[45]
Test Questions on Chapter VIII.1.—Why are college students discovering a new interest in studying the rural problem?2.—What proportion of your college enrollment came from country communities, and what percentage of your alumni have invested their lives in the country? Compare this with other colleges mentioned in this chapter.3.—Show how the vital interests of the city are deeply involved in the problem of rural leadership.4.—When adequate support is secured, what special opportunities for service do you see in the work of a country teacher?5.—What elements in the call for trained ministers for country churches appeal to you as most urgent?6.—Show how the modern minister, equal to his task, has as big an opportunity to-day as ever in the past.7.—What elements of heroism in the modern ministry make equally high demands on the earnest college man, whether he stays in America or goes to the foreign field?8.—Why are college graduates avoiding the medical profession to-day more than formerly?9.—What do you think of the special opportunity and need of trained country physicians?10.—How do you estimate the chance a trained country lawyer has to-day for Christian influence and service?11.—Among the various professions connected with modern agriculture, which offers the best opportunity for the investment of a life in worth-while service?12.—What do you think of the County Work secretaryship as a chance for real rural leadership and community building?13.—Compare the proportion of women teachers in the United States and in the rest of the world. What does this indicate?14.—Discuss the opportunities in the country for trained nurses and physicians.15.—What is the modern opportunity for women in rural religious leadership, and what sort of a woman could succeed as a country pastor?16.—What do you think of the opening for village librarians and “neighborhood house” workers?17.—In what details do country homes need expert leadership in household economics and domestic science?18.—Compare the demonstration centers of rural culture which you have known with the illustration described in this chapter.19.—What do you think of the work of the County Work secretary of the Young Women’s Christian Association?20.—What other opportunities for service in rural communities come to college women in country homes?
Test Questions on Chapter VIII.
1.—Why are college students discovering a new interest in studying the rural problem?
2.—What proportion of your college enrollment came from country communities, and what percentage of your alumni have invested their lives in the country? Compare this with other colleges mentioned in this chapter.
3.—Show how the vital interests of the city are deeply involved in the problem of rural leadership.
4.—When adequate support is secured, what special opportunities for service do you see in the work of a country teacher?
5.—What elements in the call for trained ministers for country churches appeal to you as most urgent?
6.—Show how the modern minister, equal to his task, has as big an opportunity to-day as ever in the past.
7.—What elements of heroism in the modern ministry make equally high demands on the earnest college man, whether he stays in America or goes to the foreign field?
8.—Why are college graduates avoiding the medical profession to-day more than formerly?
9.—What do you think of the special opportunity and need of trained country physicians?
10.—How do you estimate the chance a trained country lawyer has to-day for Christian influence and service?
11.—Among the various professions connected with modern agriculture, which offers the best opportunity for the investment of a life in worth-while service?
12.—What do you think of the County Work secretaryship as a chance for real rural leadership and community building?
13.—Compare the proportion of women teachers in the United States and in the rest of the world. What does this indicate?
14.—Discuss the opportunities in the country for trained nurses and physicians.
15.—What is the modern opportunity for women in rural religious leadership, and what sort of a woman could succeed as a country pastor?
16.—What do you think of the opening for village librarians and “neighborhood house” workers?
17.—In what details do country homes need expert leadership in household economics and domestic science?
18.—Compare the demonstration centers of rural culture which you have known with the illustration described in this chapter.
19.—What do you think of the work of the County Work secretary of the Young Women’s Christian Association?
20.—What other opportunities for service in rural communities come to college women in country homes?
A Classified BibliographySuggested collateral readings for further study in connection with the topics treated in each chapter of this book.I. The Rural ProblemIts Development and Present UrgencyBailey, L. H., pp. 31-43 in “The Country Life Movement.”Butterfield, K. L., “The Rural Problem,” chapter 1 in “The Country Church and the Rural Problem.”Butterfield, K. L., “Problems of Progress,” chapter 2 in “Chapters in Rural Progress.”Anderson, W. L., “The Rural Partnership with Cities,” chapter 2, in “The Country Town.”Anderson, W. L., “The Extent of Rural Depletion,” chapter 3, in same.Anderson, W. L., “Local Degeneracy,” chapter 5, in same.Roads, Charles, “Rural Christendom,” chapters 3, 4 and 5.Gillette, J. M., “Conditions and Needs of Country Life,” pp. 3-11 in “Country Life.”[46]Hartman, E. T., “Village Problems and Characteristics,” pp. 234-243 in same.[46]Hibbard, B. H., “Farm Tenancy in the United States,” pp. 29-39 in same.[46]Cance, A. E., “Immigrant Rural Communities,” pp. 69-80 in same.[46]Plunkett, Sir Horace, “The Rural Life Problem in the United States.” chapters 3-4.II. Country Life OptimismRural Resources and the Country Life MovementBailey, L. H., “Why Boys Leave the Farm” and “Why Persons Take to Farming,” pp. 89-136 in “The Training of Farmers.”Bailey, L. H., “Country and City,” chapter 2 in “The Outlook to Nature.”Butterfield, K. L., “The Solution of the Rural Problem,” chapter 2 in “The Country Church and the Rural Problem.”Anderson, W. L., chapters 4, 6, 8, 11 and 12, in “The Country Town.”Carver, T. N., “Shall Rural People Set Their Own Standards?” pp. 370-4 in “Principles of Rural Economics.”Roads, Charles, “Present Relations of City and Country” and “A Great Future for Rural Districts,” chapters 2 and 7 in “Rural Christendom.”Ogden, H., “Vital Statistics of Rural Life,” chapter 1 in “Rural Hygiene.”Plunkett, Sir H., chapter 7 in “The Rural Life Problem of the United States.”Roosevelt, T., “Rural Life,” in “The Outlook” for Aug. 27, 1910.True, A. C., “The U. S. Dept. of Agriculture,” pp. 100-109 in “Country Life.”Bailey, L. H., “The College of Agriculture and the State,” pp. 219-263 in “The Training of Farmers.”Powell, E. P., “How to Live in the Country.”Washington, B. T., “How Denmark Has Taught Itself Prosperity and Happiness,” in “The World’s Work” for June, 1911.III. The New Rural CivilizationFactors That are Making a New World in the CountryKern, O. J., “The New Country Life,” chapter 1 in “Among Country Schools.”Roads, Charles, “A Great Future for Country Districts,” chapter 7, in “Rural Christendom.”Anderson, W. L., “New Factors,” chapter 13 in “The Country Town.”Carver, T. N., “The Factors of Agricultural Production,” chapter 3 in “Principles of Rural Economics,” (also important paragraphs in chapter 2).Langford, W., “What the Motor Vehicle is Doing for the Farmer,” in “Scientific American,” for Jan. 15, 1910.Van Norman, H. E., “Rural Conveniences,” pp. 163-7 in Mar. 1912 issue of the “Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.”Dixon, S. G., “The Rural Home,” pp. 168-174 in same.Parker, Harold, “The Good Roads Movement,” pp. 51-7 in same.Hamilton, John, “Influence Exerted by Agricultural Fairs,” pp. 200-10 in same.Bailey, L. H., “Cyclopedia of American Agriculture,” many fine articles in Volume IV on social conditions.IV. Triumphs of Scientific AgricultureThe Oldest of the Arts Becomes a New ProfessionCarver, T. N., “Historical Sketch of Modern Agriculture,” chapter 2 in “Principles of Rural Economics.”Carver, T. N., “The Factors of Agricultural Production,” chapter 3 in the same.Butterfield, K. L., “The New Farmer,” chapter 4 in “Chapters in Rural Progress.”Bailey, L. H., “The Agricultural Shift,” chapter 1 in “The State and the Farmer.”Davenport, Eugene, “Scientific Farming,” pp. 45-50 in “Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,” March, 1912.Hays, W. M., “Farm Development,” especially “Irrigation,” chapter 10.Moorehead, F. G., “Efficiency on the Farm,” in “Technical World,” Aug., 1911.Plunkett, Sir Horace, chapter 6 in “The Rural Life Problem of the United States.”V. Rural Opportunities for Social ReconstructionCountry Life Deficiencies, and the New CooperationBailey, L. H., “Community Life in the Open Country,” pp. 97-133 in “The Country Life Movement.”Bailey, L. H., “Redirecting of Rural Institutions,” pp. 111-135 in “The State and the Farmer.”Carver, T. N., “Principles of Rural Economics,” chapter 6 on “Problems of Rural Social Life,” and part of chapter 4.Wilson, W. H., “Rural Decay and Repair” and “Cooperation and Federation,” also “Rural Morality and Recreation,” chapters 1, 4 and 5 in “The Church in the Open Country.”Butterfield, K. L., “Federation for Rural Progress,” chapter 17 in “Chapters in Rural Progress,” also chapter 10 in same, on “The Grange.”Eyerly, E. R., “Cooperative Movements Among Farmers,” pp. 58-68, in March 1912 issue of “The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.”Scudder, M. T., “Rural Recreation a Socializing Factor,” pp. 175-190 in the same.Johnson, G. E., “Education by Plays and Games,” especially chapters 1 and 2.Stern, R. B., “Neighborhood Entertainments.”Bancroft, “Games for the Playground, Home, School and Gymnasium.”Heatherington, C. W., “Play for the Country Boy,” in “Rural Manhood” for May, 1911.VI. Education for Country LifeHow Efficient Rural Citizenship is DevelopedFoght, H. W., “The American Rural School,” entire; especially chapter 15 on “Consolidation of Schools.”Kern, O. J., “The Rights of the Country Child,” chapter 2 in “Among Country Schools.”Butterfield, K. L., “The Rural School and the Community,” chapter 9 in “Chapters in Rural Progress.”Zellar, J. W., “Education in the Country for the Country,” in the 1910 Report of the National Education Association.Bailey, L. H., “The School of the Future,” chapter 3 in “The Outlook to Nature”; also “The Nature Study Idea.”Bailey, L. H., “The Developing of Applicable Education,” pp. 135-172 in “The State and the Farmer.”Wilson, W. H., “Schools for Country Life,” chapter 3 in “Church in the Open Country.”Foght, H. W., “The Library and Rural Communities,” chapter 13, in “The American Rural School.”Miller, L. K., “Children’s Gardens.”“Rural Manhood,” rural education number, Sept., 1912.Gold, G. D., “The Psychology of the Country Boy,” in “Rural Manhood” for April, 1911, and April, 1912.VII. Rural Christian ForcesThe Community-Serving Church and Its AlliesAnderson, W. L., “The Preservation of the Church” and “The Church as a Social Center,” chapters 16 and 17 in “The Country Town.”Butterfield, K. L., “The Task of the Country Church” and “Difficulties and Suggestions,” chapters 3 and 4 in “The Country Church and the Rural Problem.”Fiske, G. W., “The Function of the Country Church,” chapter 5 in “The Rural Church and Community Betterment.”Wilson, W. H., “Church and Community,” chapter 2 in “The Church in the Open Country.”Wells, G. F., “The Rural Church,” pp. 131-9 in March, 1912, “Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science.”Wells, G. F., “The Country Church and Social Service,” in Nov. 1910 issue of “The Gospel of the Kingdom.”Roads, Charles, “Rural Christendom.”Ashenhurst, J. O., “The Day of the Country Church.”Beard, A. F., “The Story of John Frederick Oberlin.”Tipple, E. S., “Some Famous Country Parishes.”Roberts, A. E. and Israel, Henry, “The Rural Work of the Y. M. C. A.,” pp. 140-8 in March, 1912, “Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science.”VIII. Country Life LeadershipThe Challenge to College Men and WomenButterfield, K. L., “The Call of the Country Parish,” chapter 5 in “The Country Church and the Rural Problem.”Foght, H. W., “The Rural School Teacher,” pp. 69-115 in “The American Rural School.”Educational Review, October issue 1910, on “Ways in Which the Higher Institutions May Serve Rural Communities.”Roberts, A. E., “Leadership,” pp. 133-143 in “The Country Church and Rural Welfare.”Bailey, L. H., “Woman’s Contribution to the Country Life Movement,” pp. 85-96 in “The Country Life Movement.”Butterfield, K. L., “Opportunities for Farm Women,” chapter 11 in “Chapters in Rural Progress.”Woolley, M. E., “The College Woman as a Home Maker,” article in “The Ladies’ Home Journal,” Oct. 1, 1910.Bailey, Butterfield, et al., “Report of the Country Life Commission.”Israel, Henry, “The Basis of Appeal for County Work,” in “Rural Manhood” for January, 1912.Fiske, G. W., “Religious Teaching in the Country,” in “Rural Manhood” for March, 1911.Pontius, J. W., “College Men and Rural Evangelism,” in “Rural Manhood” for February, 1912.
A Classified Bibliography
Suggested collateral readings for further study in connection with the topics treated in each chapter of this book.
I. The Rural Problem
Its Development and Present Urgency
Bailey, L. H., pp. 31-43 in “The Country Life Movement.”
Butterfield, K. L., “The Rural Problem,” chapter 1 in “The Country Church and the Rural Problem.”
Butterfield, K. L., “Problems of Progress,” chapter 2 in “Chapters in Rural Progress.”
Anderson, W. L., “The Rural Partnership with Cities,” chapter 2, in “The Country Town.”
Anderson, W. L., “The Extent of Rural Depletion,” chapter 3, in same.
Anderson, W. L., “Local Degeneracy,” chapter 5, in same.
Roads, Charles, “Rural Christendom,” chapters 3, 4 and 5.
Gillette, J. M., “Conditions and Needs of Country Life,” pp. 3-11 in “Country Life.”[46]
Hartman, E. T., “Village Problems and Characteristics,” pp. 234-243 in same.[46]
Hibbard, B. H., “Farm Tenancy in the United States,” pp. 29-39 in same.[46]
Cance, A. E., “Immigrant Rural Communities,” pp. 69-80 in same.[46]
Plunkett, Sir Horace, “The Rural Life Problem in the United States.” chapters 3-4.
II. Country Life Optimism
Rural Resources and the Country Life Movement
Bailey, L. H., “Why Boys Leave the Farm” and “Why Persons Take to Farming,” pp. 89-136 in “The Training of Farmers.”
Bailey, L. H., “Country and City,” chapter 2 in “The Outlook to Nature.”
Butterfield, K. L., “The Solution of the Rural Problem,” chapter 2 in “The Country Church and the Rural Problem.”
Anderson, W. L., chapters 4, 6, 8, 11 and 12, in “The Country Town.”
Carver, T. N., “Shall Rural People Set Their Own Standards?” pp. 370-4 in “Principles of Rural Economics.”
Roads, Charles, “Present Relations of City and Country” and “A Great Future for Rural Districts,” chapters 2 and 7 in “Rural Christendom.”
Ogden, H., “Vital Statistics of Rural Life,” chapter 1 in “Rural Hygiene.”
Plunkett, Sir H., chapter 7 in “The Rural Life Problem of the United States.”
Roosevelt, T., “Rural Life,” in “The Outlook” for Aug. 27, 1910.
True, A. C., “The U. S. Dept. of Agriculture,” pp. 100-109 in “Country Life.”
Bailey, L. H., “The College of Agriculture and the State,” pp. 219-263 in “The Training of Farmers.”
Powell, E. P., “How to Live in the Country.”
Washington, B. T., “How Denmark Has Taught Itself Prosperity and Happiness,” in “The World’s Work” for June, 1911.
III. The New Rural Civilization
Factors That are Making a New World in the Country
Kern, O. J., “The New Country Life,” chapter 1 in “Among Country Schools.”
Roads, Charles, “A Great Future for Country Districts,” chapter 7, in “Rural Christendom.”
Anderson, W. L., “New Factors,” chapter 13 in “The Country Town.”
Carver, T. N., “The Factors of Agricultural Production,” chapter 3 in “Principles of Rural Economics,” (also important paragraphs in chapter 2).
Langford, W., “What the Motor Vehicle is Doing for the Farmer,” in “Scientific American,” for Jan. 15, 1910.
Van Norman, H. E., “Rural Conveniences,” pp. 163-7 in Mar. 1912 issue of the “Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.”
Dixon, S. G., “The Rural Home,” pp. 168-174 in same.
Parker, Harold, “The Good Roads Movement,” pp. 51-7 in same.
Hamilton, John, “Influence Exerted by Agricultural Fairs,” pp. 200-10 in same.
Bailey, L. H., “Cyclopedia of American Agriculture,” many fine articles in Volume IV on social conditions.
IV. Triumphs of Scientific Agriculture
The Oldest of the Arts Becomes a New Profession
Carver, T. N., “Historical Sketch of Modern Agriculture,” chapter 2 in “Principles of Rural Economics.”
Carver, T. N., “The Factors of Agricultural Production,” chapter 3 in the same.
Butterfield, K. L., “The New Farmer,” chapter 4 in “Chapters in Rural Progress.”
Bailey, L. H., “The Agricultural Shift,” chapter 1 in “The State and the Farmer.”
Davenport, Eugene, “Scientific Farming,” pp. 45-50 in “Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,” March, 1912.
Hays, W. M., “Farm Development,” especially “Irrigation,” chapter 10.
Moorehead, F. G., “Efficiency on the Farm,” in “Technical World,” Aug., 1911.
Plunkett, Sir Horace, chapter 6 in “The Rural Life Problem of the United States.”
V. Rural Opportunities for Social Reconstruction
Country Life Deficiencies, and the New Cooperation
Bailey, L. H., “Community Life in the Open Country,” pp. 97-133 in “The Country Life Movement.”
Bailey, L. H., “Redirecting of Rural Institutions,” pp. 111-135 in “The State and the Farmer.”
Carver, T. N., “Principles of Rural Economics,” chapter 6 on “Problems of Rural Social Life,” and part of chapter 4.
Wilson, W. H., “Rural Decay and Repair” and “Cooperation and Federation,” also “Rural Morality and Recreation,” chapters 1, 4 and 5 in “The Church in the Open Country.”
Butterfield, K. L., “Federation for Rural Progress,” chapter 17 in “Chapters in Rural Progress,” also chapter 10 in same, on “The Grange.”
Eyerly, E. R., “Cooperative Movements Among Farmers,” pp. 58-68, in March 1912 issue of “The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.”
Scudder, M. T., “Rural Recreation a Socializing Factor,” pp. 175-190 in the same.
Johnson, G. E., “Education by Plays and Games,” especially chapters 1 and 2.
Stern, R. B., “Neighborhood Entertainments.”
Bancroft, “Games for the Playground, Home, School and Gymnasium.”
Heatherington, C. W., “Play for the Country Boy,” in “Rural Manhood” for May, 1911.
VI. Education for Country Life
How Efficient Rural Citizenship is Developed
Foght, H. W., “The American Rural School,” entire; especially chapter 15 on “Consolidation of Schools.”
Kern, O. J., “The Rights of the Country Child,” chapter 2 in “Among Country Schools.”
Butterfield, K. L., “The Rural School and the Community,” chapter 9 in “Chapters in Rural Progress.”
Zellar, J. W., “Education in the Country for the Country,” in the 1910 Report of the National Education Association.
Bailey, L. H., “The School of the Future,” chapter 3 in “The Outlook to Nature”; also “The Nature Study Idea.”
Bailey, L. H., “The Developing of Applicable Education,” pp. 135-172 in “The State and the Farmer.”
Wilson, W. H., “Schools for Country Life,” chapter 3 in “Church in the Open Country.”
Foght, H. W., “The Library and Rural Communities,” chapter 13, in “The American Rural School.”
Miller, L. K., “Children’s Gardens.”
“Rural Manhood,” rural education number, Sept., 1912.
Gold, G. D., “The Psychology of the Country Boy,” in “Rural Manhood” for April, 1911, and April, 1912.
VII. Rural Christian Forces
The Community-Serving Church and Its Allies
Anderson, W. L., “The Preservation of the Church” and “The Church as a Social Center,” chapters 16 and 17 in “The Country Town.”
Butterfield, K. L., “The Task of the Country Church” and “Difficulties and Suggestions,” chapters 3 and 4 in “The Country Church and the Rural Problem.”
Fiske, G. W., “The Function of the Country Church,” chapter 5 in “The Rural Church and Community Betterment.”
Wilson, W. H., “Church and Community,” chapter 2 in “The Church in the Open Country.”
Wells, G. F., “The Rural Church,” pp. 131-9 in March, 1912, “Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science.”
Wells, G. F., “The Country Church and Social Service,” in Nov. 1910 issue of “The Gospel of the Kingdom.”
Roads, Charles, “Rural Christendom.”
Ashenhurst, J. O., “The Day of the Country Church.”
Beard, A. F., “The Story of John Frederick Oberlin.”
Tipple, E. S., “Some Famous Country Parishes.”
Roberts, A. E. and Israel, Henry, “The Rural Work of the Y. M. C. A.,” pp. 140-8 in March, 1912, “Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science.”
VIII. Country Life Leadership
The Challenge to College Men and Women
Butterfield, K. L., “The Call of the Country Parish,” chapter 5 in “The Country Church and the Rural Problem.”
Foght, H. W., “The Rural School Teacher,” pp. 69-115 in “The American Rural School.”
Educational Review, October issue 1910, on “Ways in Which the Higher Institutions May Serve Rural Communities.”
Roberts, A. E., “Leadership,” pp. 133-143 in “The Country Church and Rural Welfare.”
Bailey, L. H., “Woman’s Contribution to the Country Life Movement,” pp. 85-96 in “The Country Life Movement.”
Butterfield, K. L., “Opportunities for Farm Women,” chapter 11 in “Chapters in Rural Progress.”
Woolley, M. E., “The College Woman as a Home Maker,” article in “The Ladies’ Home Journal,” Oct. 1, 1910.
Bailey, Butterfield, et al., “Report of the Country Life Commission.”
Israel, Henry, “The Basis of Appeal for County Work,” in “Rural Manhood” for January, 1912.
Fiske, G. W., “Religious Teaching in the Country,” in “Rural Manhood” for March, 1911.
Pontius, J. W., “College Men and Rural Evangelism,” in “Rural Manhood” for February, 1912.
Abandoned farms,6Adelbert College,227Agriculture, scientific,95,98-109government patronage of,246-8triumphs of scientific,91-113teaching of,163,241-8,251U. S. Department of,96-8Agricultural colleges,37,51,167-9,231,246-8,251professions, opportunities in,246-8societies,50Allies of the country church,203-220Anderson, W. L.,11,43,174Animals and plants, breeding of,100-4Automobiles in the country,72-4Bailey, L. H.,22,41,42,56Bible study in the country,206Birth rate and rural depletion,127Boardman, J. R.,134Boston University Law School,242Bowdoin College,226Boys and girls and the farm,22Breeding, achievements in scientific,100-4Burbank, L.,102Businesscooperation,122,139-145Butterfield, K. L.,117,120,218-9,237California Fruit Growers’ Exchange,143Canada,10,101,102,157-8,164,253,256Carver, T. N.,76,98,122,187,263Cazenovia church,214Challenge to college men,227-49to college women,249-63to faith,27of the difficult,45-7Christian forces, rural,173-223Church in the country, necessity for,173-4opportunity and function of,173-183elements of weakness,183-5factors which determine its efficiency,185-203types of success,213-19must serve its community,189-91Church efficiency,178equipment,200finances,198-200ideals, old and new,176unity and federation,193-5City, the,xii,46,152-4,230-1and country,4,18,25,46,63-5and its boys,33,37City life drawbacks,39Cities, growth of,4Clark, F. E.,47College graduates in the country:men,227-249women,249-264Colleges,xiiiagricultural,37,51,167-9,231,246-8relation of to rural problem,227neglect of rural needs,228and rural leadership,227-264Columbia University Law School,242,243Comenius,165Commission on country life, the,51-56Community building,248festivals,136Communities, classification of,2Conservation,109Consolidation of schools,157-61Cooperation in country communities,84,130-148,218-30,248,249in rural Denmark,144-5failures in,121-5,184Cornell University,227agricultural department,36,38,41,245law school,242Country boy, the,xii,20,22-25,42,154,234Country Boy’s Creed,35Country life leadership,223-266movement,18,48-63,86-7,111,233attractiveness,41,86deficiencies,117-130optimism,33-59Country, privilege of living in,39Country church evolution, stages in,175County work of the Y. M. C. A.,132,167,207-11County secretary’s opportunity:men,249-51women,261-3Curriculum for rural high school,162Davenport, C. B.,16Deaconess work,256Decadence, rural,7stages of,13Degeneracy, in city and country,12,14-17Denmark, cooperation in,144Depletion, rural,7,11,17District nurse association,252District school system,155Doctors, need of country,241,251-3Drudgery, emancipation from,74-82Dryden, John,101Dry farming possibilities,107-8Economics, household,234and country church,187Education for country life,151-170rural,20,82-3,151-68,231-4,250Educators, the call for rural,232-4women,250Efficiency, urban and rural,91Electricity on the farm,79-81Evergreen Sporting Association,133Eyerly, E. K.,142Farm development,92-3life,45-7machinery, evolution of,75-80Farmers’ Alliance,50,121Farmers, conservatism of,93-4,118needs of,52difficulty of organizing,120political ineffectiveness of,121Farmers’ Institutes,167Farmers’ National Congress,50Farmer’s wife, neglect of the,257Foght, H. W.,156,160,234Franklin, B.,49Fruit growers, cooperation among,141Gardens, rural school,163-5Giddings,12,18Girls in country,20,23,24,28,261Government cooperation,167Grange, the,50,137-8Grinnell College,237Grover, E. O.,35Gulick, L. H.,128Hartt, R. L.,12Harvard Medical School,239Hatch Act, the,96-7Hays, W. M.,100Hill, J. J.,109Hillsdale College,227Homes, remodeling rural,259Household economics,257Hutchins, H. L.,13Illinois, University of,227agricultural department,37-8Immigrants and cooperation,143Indiana school law,160Individualism, rural,117-120Interdenominational commissions,194-5Irrigation,104-8Irvine, Dean,242Irving, W.,43Isolation, triumph over,65-74Israel, Henry,211Kansas, University of,226Kern, O. J.,161Law faculties quoted,244-5Lawyers, country,244-6Librarian, opportunity of the village,256Libraries, public,134,166,256Leadership, city,xi,1,230country,120-1,227-265,231woman’s, in the country,249-64Literature, rural,166-7,264-75Machinery, agricultural,74-81power,79Maclaren, Ian,243Manikowski, G.,79-81Mann, Horace,155Mann, A. R.,245Marietta College,226Marshall county churches,125Masculine church leadership,201Massachusetts Agricultural College,37,38,168McElfresh, F.,207Means, Dean,242Medical faculties, quoted,241-4rural practice241-4Meyer, Dean,248Michigan University Law School,242Minimum wage for rural ministers,198Ministry, the rural,196-9the call to,235-40the modern type of,237women in the,253Missouri, University of, agri. dept.,37,199Morality and the play spirit,129Mormon irrigation work,106Nam’s Hollow case,15Nature, partnership with,43Neighborhood house,133,257New England,8,9,17New rural civilization, the,117-145Newspapers,72New York State College of Agriculture,36,45,168,245North Carolina Agricultural College,37Nurses, need of, in country,252Oberlin College and Seminary,230,237,254Oberlin, J. F.,68,188,216-18Ohio Medical School,240Ohio State University,227Pacific University,226Pastors, few resident in country,253Patrons of industry,50Pepin County Cooperative Co.,139Physicians, call for country, men,240-4,women,251-3Physicians and Surgeons, College of,240Plainfield church,214-5Play, the gospel of,134,233Playground Association of America,135Plow, evolution of the,77-9Plunkett, Sir H.,26,144,152Political ineffectiveness of farmers,121Power of machinery on the farm,79-81Princeton University,226Quaintance, H. W.,74Railroads, steam and electric,69Reading courses for farmers’ wives,257Recreation and organized play,128,233-4Religious cooperation, lack of,123plans for,193-5Right Relationship League,141Roads, C.,70Roads, country,13,68-70Roberts, A. E.,211Robertson, J. W.,157Roosevelt, T.,40,51-3,135Rural Manhood,135,167Rural problem, the,2,19,1-32,51-4losses,5,7,8,11gains,5,8degeneracy,12,14-17contentment,35-36,65sincerity and neighborliness,44self-respect,63-5individualism,117-120progress,54,63,86-7,134,110-1culture centers,258agencies for betterment,56-8,84-6postal service,71opportunities for social reconstruction,117-145morals and recreation,125Rural progress associations,133Saunders, W.,102School, rural problems of the,156-8inferior equipment and support,154building,156-7,161-2centralization,157-61a social center,137School improvement leagues,165School teachers, men,231-3,250women,250Scientific agriculture,91-117Scudder, M. T.,136,230Secretary, County Work,249-59,263Sectarian divisions,192,193,196Smythe, W. E.,105Social reconstruction,117-145Social consciousness, the new rural,83Social life, lack of,125-7,plans for,134-7Socialization, community,130-2,189initiative in,132plan for,133South, country life in the,64,204Stone, H. F.,243Strong, Josiah,13,17,229Student recruits for the ministry,237Student volunteer bands,237Stanford University,226Sunday-schools, rural,203-7Surveys, community,202Swaney School, the,161-2Teachers in country schools,152-4,232-4,250Telephones, rural,66-8Text-books,152-3Theological study for women,255Trolleys, rural,70United Christian forces,191Unsocial streak, rural,118-9Urbanizing of rural life,20,152-4Washington, George,49Washington State College of Agriculture,244Whitman College,226Williams College,226Wilson, W. H.,14,128,163,198,202,253Woman’s opportunity in rural leadership,249-263responsibility in rural education,250Women, nurses and physicians,251in the service of the church,253-5college graduates,254-64Young Men’s Christian Associations,132,167,207-211,248-251Young Women’s Christian Associations,212,261-3