Acetone,64Acid, boric.SeeBoric acid." carbolic.SeePhenol." colours, mordanting,74" hydrochloric.SeeHydrochloric acid." nitric.SeeNitric acid." sulphuric.SeeSulphuric acid.Acids, distinguishing, from alkalis,23,49" neutralisation of,50" properties of,49" specific gravities of,49Affinity, chemical,71Alizarin,75,76,80,83,91,99" blue,90" paste,91" pure,91" purple,77" red,77Alkali, manufacture of, by ammonia-soda process,55" manufacture of, by electrolytic process,56" manufacture of, by Leblanc process,53Alkalis, distinguishing, from acids,23,49" neutralisation of,50" properties of,49" specific gravities of,49Alum, cake,73Aluminium sulphate,73Ammonia,23,95Ammonia-soda process,55Aniline,91" black,81" constitution of,96" preparation of,96" reaction of97" violet77,81Animal fibres.SeeFibres.Annatto,83,85,87Anthracene,90Archil.SeeOrchil.Aurin,91,98Azo dyestuffs,98Barwood,99Basic colours or dyestuffs, mordanting,76Bast fibres.SeeFibres.Bastose,4Bastose, distinction between, and cellulose,4Beaumé hydrometer degrees,31Benzene,90,96Bixin,88Black-ash process,54Blue colour, absorption spectrum of pure,114Boilers, incrustations in,42Boiling-point, effect of pressure on,32" of water, effect of dissolved salts on,36" of water, effect of increase of pressure on,35Borax,59" tests of purity of,59Boric acid,57Boronitrocalcite,59Brasilin,99Brazil wood,99Camwood,99Carbolic acid.SeePhenol.Carminic acid,76Carré ice-making machine,32Carrotting.SeeSécretage.Carthamic acid,87Carthamin,87Cellulose, action of cupric-ammonium solutions on,5" composition of,3" distinction between, and bastose,4" properties of pure,5Cholesterol,100Chrome mordanting,78Chrome orange,84" yellow,84Chroming, over-,78Clark's soap test,43Coal-tar,90" yield of valuable products from,90Cochineal,75,76,82,83,99Cœrulein,90Colour, absorption spectrum of pure blue,114" absorption spectrum of pure yellow,114" acids,77" bases,77" nature of,107Coloured substances, spectra of,112Colours, acid, mordanting of,74" basic,75" classification of,79" complementary,109" mixed, spectra of,115" pigment,110" primary,110" spectral,110Conditioning establishments,21Congo red,71Copper salts, dissolving, in iron pans,39" wet method of extracting,38Corrosion caused by fatty acids,35Cotton and woollen goods, separation of mixed,5Cotton fibre, action of basic zinc chloride on,5" composition of,3" dimensions of,2" stomata in cuticle of,2" structure of,1Cotton-silk fibre,3" " composition of,3Crookes' heat-indicating paint,107Cudbear,86Cupric ammonium solution, action of, on cellulose,5Curcumin,87Dextrin,4Dyeing felt hats deep black,106" " effect of stiffening and proofing process in,65,103" of wool and felt with coal-tar colours,105" of wool and fur,100" power of coal-tar dyestuffs,93" with mixed coal-tar colours,106Dyestuffs, adjectiv,83,99" azo,98" classification of,79" coal-tar,90" " dyeing power of,93" " yield of,91" mineral,83" monogenetic,81" pigment,83" polygenetic,82" substantive,83" " artificial,89" " natural,85Equivalence, law of,49Fats, decomposition of, by superheated steam,35Felt, dyeing, deep black,106" " with coal-tar colours,105Felting, dilute acid for promoting,22" effect of water in,21" fur,15" interlocking of scales in,13" preparation of fur for,18" unsuitability of dead wool for,18Fibre, cotton.SeeCotton." cotton-silk.SeeCotton-silk." flax.SeeFlax." jute.SeeJute." silk.SeeSilk." wool.SeeWool.Fibres, action of acids on textile,5" " alkaline solution of copper and glycerin on textile,28" " alkalis on textile,5" " caustic soda on textile ,28" " copper-oxide-ammonia on textile,28" " nitric acid on textile,28" " steam on textile,5" " sulphuric acid on textile,27Fibres, animal,6" bast,3" vegetable,1" " and animal, determining, in mixture,27" " and animal, distinguishing,4,5" " and animal, distinguishing and separating,24Fibroïn,7Flax fibre, action of basic zinc chloride on,5" composition of,3" structure of,2Fraunhofer's lines,111,112Fur,8" action of acids on,23" " of alkalis on,24" " on, in sécretage process,17" chrome mordanting of,77" composition of,22" felting,15" finish and strength of felted, effect of boiling water on,22" hygroscopicity of,20" preparation of, for felting,18" sécretage or carrotting of,17" stiffening and proofing of felted,66" sulphur in, reagents for detection of,26Fustic,99Gallein,82,83Gallnuts,99Garancine,99Guy-Lussac tower,52Glover tower,52Glucose,4Greening of black hats,65Hæmatein,76,7883,99Hair,8" cells from,11" distinction between, and wool,12,14" dyeing,26" growth of,8" scales from,11" " of, action of reagents on,12" scaly structure of,11" structure of,8,9" sulphur in, reagents for detection of,26Hargreaves & Robinson's process,53Hats dyed logwood black, deterioration of,104" greening of black,65" stiffening and proofing of,63,64" stiffening and proofing of, by Cheetham's process,66" stiffening and proofing of, by Continental process,66" stiffening and proofing process, effect of, in dyeing,65,103Heat, latent,32,33" " of steam,34" " of water,34Heddebault's process of separating mixed cotton and woollen goods,5Hydrochloric acid, manufacture of, by Hargreaves & Robinson's process,53" " manufacture of, by salt-cake process,53Ice, heat of liquefaction of,34Ice-making machine, Carré,32Indican,85Indicators,50,70Indigo,85" artificial,86" blue,85" recovery of, from indigo-dyed woollen goods,24" vat,86" white,85Insoluble compounds, precipitation of, from solutions,38Iron liquor.SeeMordant, iron.Jute fibre,3" composition of,4Lac, button,63" dye,62,99" seed,62" stick,62See alsoShellac.Lakes, colour,75Latent heat.SeeHeat.Leblanc process,53Light, analysis of white,107" composition of white,107" homogeneous or monochromatic,108,110" rays, refraction of,108Linen fibre.SeeFlax.Litmus,70,86Logwood,75,76,78,83,99Logwood black,78,81,104" " deterioration of hats dyed with,104Madder,80,83,99Magenta,76,80,83,91,97Marsh gas,95Mercuric nitrate, use of, for the sécretage of fur,17Merino wool,15Methane.SeeMarsh gas.Methyl alcohol.SeeWood spirit." green,97" violet,97Mirbane, essence of,96Molisch's test,4Mordant, alumina,64,75" antimony,76" iron,64,76" tannin,76" tin,76Mordanting acid (phenolic) colours,74" basic colours,76" chrome,77" woollen fabrics,75Mordants,69" fatty acid,77Naphthalene,90,98Naphthol yellow,91Naphthols,91,98Naphthylamine,91Nitric acid,95" manufacture of,52Nitrobenzene,96Nitroprusside of soda,26Oils, decomposition of, by superheated steam,35Orcèin,86Orchil,85,86Orcin,86Orellin,88Over-chroming,SeeChroming.Paint, Crookes' heat-indicating,107Persian berries,75,99Phenol,90" constitution of,98Phenolic colours.SeeAcid colours.Phenolphthalein,70Picric acid,81,91" absorption spectrum of,113" constitution of,98Plumbate of soda,26Potassium, decomposition of water by,25,30Proofing mixture,63" process,64" " Cheetham's,66" " Continental,66" " effect of, in dyeing,65,103Purpurin,99Quercitron,99Red liquor. See Mordant, alumina.Refraction of light rays,108Safflower,85,87Salt-cake process,53Salts,49" acid,70,71" basic,71" neutral or normal,71" stable,72" unstable,72Santalin,99Santalwood,99Sealing-wax, coloured,103Sécretage of fur,17" process, injury to fur in,17Sericin,7Shellac,62" colouring of,103" rosin in, detection of,63" solvents for,63See alsoLac.Silk fibre, action of acids on,7" " " of alkaline solution of, copper and glycerin on,7" " " of alkalis on,7" " " of basic zinc chloride on,7" " bleaching of,7" " composition of,7" " structure of,6" " ungumming of,7" glue,7" gum,7Soap,60" alkali in, detection of,61" oleic acid,101" palm oil,101" water in, determination of,60Soda.SeeAlkali.Solution,36" precipitation of insoluble compounds from,38Specific gravity,30Spectra of coloured substances112Spectroscope,111Spectrum,108" absorption,113" continuous,111" discontinuous or line,111Spirits of salt.SeeHydrochloric acid.Starch,4Steam,31" latent heat of,34Stiffening mixture,63" process,64" " Cheetham's,66" " Continental,66" " effect of, in dyeing65,103Suint.SeeWool grease.Sulphur in wool, fur, and hair, reagents for detection of,26Sulphuric acid, manufacture of,50" " " by contact process,52" " " by lead chamber process,51Sumach,99Tannins,99Tincal,59Tiza,59Toluene,90Toluidine,91Turmeric,80,83,85,87Twaddell hydrometer degrees,31Ultramarine blue,81Ultramarine green,81" rose-coloured,81Valency,71Vegetable fibres.SeeFibres.Veneering process,66Vermilline scarlet,91Vitriol.SeeSulphuric acid.Water,29" boiling of31" boiling-point of, effect of dissolved salts on36" boiling-point of, effect of increase of pressure on,35" chlorides in, detection of,47" composition of,29" contamination of, by factories,45" copper in, detection of,46" decomposition of, by potassium,25,30" filtration of,47" hard,41,42" " Clark's soap test for,43" " softening of,41" " waste of soap by,43" hardness, temporary and permanent, of,42" impurities in,42" " effect of, in dyeing,42" " ferruginous,44" iron in, detection of,46" latent heat of,34" lead in, detection of,47" lime in, detection of,46" magnesium in, detection of,46" purification of,45" purity of, tests for,46" soft,40" effect of carbonic acid in hardening,40" sulphates in, detection of,24Wood acid,64" destructive distillation of,64" spirit,64Wool, chrome mordanting of,77" dead: why it will not felt,18" dyeing, with coal-tar colours,105" felted, effect of boiling water on finish and strength of,22" felted, effect of stiffening process on finish of,66,103" felting of, interlocking of scales in,13" fibre,8" " action of acids on,23" " " of alkalis on,24" " composition of,22" " curly structure of,15" " distinction between, and hair,12,14" " growth of,8" " hygroscopicity of,20" " structure of, from diseased sheep,19" " sulphur in, reagents for detection of,26" grease,100" kempy,19" merino,15" mordanting,75" scouring,101" stripping of,23Woollen goods, indigo-dyed, recovery of indigo from,24" " mixed cotton and, separation of,5Xylenes,90Yellow colour, absorption spectrum of pure,114Yolk.SeeWool grease.