Footnotes

Footnotes1In pocket at the end of volume.2United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 18.3I am informed by Colonel Bushyhead, principal chief of the Cherokee Nation, that Bartram is mistaken in his latter assumption. The letter "r" was never used except among the Overhill Cherokees, and occurred very infrequently with them.4The full title of this work is "Descriptionis Ptolemaicæ Augmentum; sive Occidentis Notitia, brevi commentario illustrata, studio et opera, Cornely Wytfliet, Louaniensis. Lovanii, Typis Iohannis Bogardi, anno Domini MDXCVII."5Campbell's Virginia, p. 268.6Logan's South Carolina, Vol. I, p. 168.7Martin's North Carolina, Vol. I, p. 194.8Logan's South Carolina, Vol. I, p. 141.9Logan's South Carolina, Vol. I, p. 182.10Adair's American Indians.11Report Commissioner Indian Affairs for 1883, p. 272.12Bartram's Travels in North America from 1773 to 1778, p. 371.13From a distribution roll of Cherokee annuities paid in the year 1799 it appears that there were then 51 Cherokee towns, designated as follows: Oostinawley, Creek Path, Aumoia, Nicojack, Running Water, Ellijay, Cabben, High Tower, Pine Log, High Tower Forks, Tocoah, Coosawaytee, Crowtown, Shoemeck, Aumuchee, Tulloolah, Willstown, Acohee, Cuclon, Duck-town, Ailigulsha, Highwassee, Tennessee, Lookout Mountain, Noyohee, Tusquittee, Coosa, Nantiyallee, Saukee, Keyukee, Red Bank, Nukeza, Cowpens, Telassee, Buffalo Town, Little Tellico, Rabbit Trap, Notley, Turnip Mountain, Sallicoah, Kautika, Tausitu, Watoga, Cowee, Chillhoway, Chestuee, Turkey Town, Toquah, Chota, Big Tellico, and Tusskegee.14Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, p. 46.15Martin's North Carolina, Vol. II, pp. 3, 9, and 11.16Hewat's History of South Carolina and Georgia, Vol. II, pp. 203, 204.17Broad River was formerly known as Eswaw-Huppedaw or Line River. See Mills' Statistics of South Carolina, p. 555.18Williamson's North Carolina, Vol. II, p. 87.19Martin's North Carolina. Vol. II, p. 87.20Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, p. 68.21Martin's North Carolina, Vol. II, p. 106.22Ib., Vol. II, p. 152.23Ib., Vol. II, p. 226.24Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, p. 76.25Ib., p. 102.26Ib., p. 109.27Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, p. 119.28Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, pp. 110, 121.29There seems to be a confused idea in this description as to the identity of Powell's Mountain. This was doubtless occasioned by a lack of definite knowledge concerning the topography of the country. This ridge, as it is commonly known, does not touch the Holston River, but lies between Powell's and Clinch Rivers. The mountains supposed to be alluded to in that portion of the description are a spur of the Clinch Mountains, which close in on the Holston River, near the mouth of Cloud's Creek.30Mann Butler's Appeal, pp. 26, 27.31American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 38.32Martin's North Carolina, Vol. II, p. 339.33Haywood's Tennessee, pp. 16, 17.34Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, p. 204.35Letter of Governor Blount to Secretary of War, January 14, 1793. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 431.36American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 431, and Ramsey's Tenn., p. 172.37Haywood's Tennessee, p. 451.38Scott's Laws of Tennessee and North Carolina, Vol. I, p. 225.39Letter of Governor Blount to Secretary of War, January 14, 1793. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 431, also page 263.40Report of Senate Committee March 1, 1797. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 623. Also Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, p. 276.41Carpenter and Arthur's History of Georgia, p. 253.42Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, p. 299.43Ib., p. 345.44United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 18.45See Nos. 10aand 10bon accompanying map of Cherokee cessions.46By resolution of Congress, March 15, 1785.47Report of Treaty Commissioners, dated Hopewell, December 2, 1785. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 40.48American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 628, and letter of General Winchester to General Robertson, November 9, 1797.49Letter of Hon. John M. Lea, of Nashville, Tenn., to the author.50Letter of Geo. H. Morgan, of Gainesborough, Tennessee.51Report of Treaty Commissioners. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 38.52American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 44.53Journal of Treaty Commissioners. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 43.54Report of Treaty Commissioners in American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 38.55Letter of Return J. Meigs to Secretary of War, May 5, 1803; also, letter of Hon. John M. Lea, Nashville, Tennessee.56Letter of Governor Blount to Secretary of War, December 16, 1792, in American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 631.57Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee.58Old manuscript map on file in Indian Office, Washington, D. C.59United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 39.60See resolution of Georgia legislature, June 16, 1802. It is however stated by Return J. Meigs, in a letter to the Secretary of War dated December 20, 1811, that this line was run by Colonel Hawkins in 1797.61American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 38.62United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 39.63American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 44.64Protest of Col. William Blount to Treaty Commissioners of 1785. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 44, and Ramsey's Annals of Tenn., p. 549. Also Scott's Laws of Tennessee and North Carolina, Vol. I.65American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 38.66Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, p. 345.67American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 53.68Ib., p. 83.69The assembly of North Carolina proceeded in 1789 to mature a plan for the severance of Tennessee, and passed an act for the purpose of ceding to the United States of America certain western lands therein described. In conformity with one of the provisions of the act, Samuel Johnson and Benjamin Hawkins, Senators in Congress from North Carolina, executed a deed to the United States on the 25th of February, 1790. Congress accepted the cession by act of April 2, 1790, and Tennessee ceased to be a part of North Carolina.70These instructions were issued in pursuance of the advice and consent of the Senate, under date of August 11, 1790. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 135.71This act of the Georgia legislature bore date of December 21, 1789. A prior act, bearing date February 7, 1785, had been passed, entitled "An act for laying out a district of land situated on the river Mississippi, within the limits of this State, into a county, to be called Bourbon." See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 114.72January 22, 1791. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 112.73Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, pp. 549—556.74United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 39.75July 15, 1791. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 628.76American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 123.77Ib., p. 135.78Ib., p. 629.79Ib., p. 628—630.80January 31, 1792. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 629.81It may not be uninteresting as a historical incident to note the fact that at the time of General Wayne's treaty at Greeneville, in 1795, a band of Cherokees had settled on the head-waters of the Scioto River in Ohio. Not presenting themselves at the conferences preceding that treaty, General Wayne sent them a special message through Captain Long Hair, one of their chiefs, with the information that if they failed to conclude articles of peace with him they would be left unprotected. They sent a delegation to assure General Wayne of their desire for peace, saying that as soon as they gathered their crop of corn they would return to their tribe, which they did.82American State Papers. Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 630. According to the original manuscript journal of Col. Benj. Hawkins, Major Craig's house was 1/4 mile below the source of Nine-Mile Creek.83September 27, 1792. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 630.84Report of Boundary Commissioners, November 30, 1792. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 630.85Report of Boundary Commissioners, November 30, 1792. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 630.86See preamble to treaty of 1798; American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, pp. 639—641; letters of Indian Bureau, War Department, December 13 and 14, 1828; also, old manuscript maps in Office of Indian Affairs, Nos. 716 and 749. By the former of these maps it appears that the survey of "Hawkins Line" from Clinch River was begun August 13, 1797, and that "the line commences on the Clinch, one-fourth mile above the ferry, in view of South West Point. (The ferry was 600 yards above the point.) From this point the view through the vista or street passing Captain Wade's garden to the right S. 26 W. the same side of the river above N. 47 W. The beginning tree, a Spanish oak, marked U. S. on the north side and C. on the south; on the oak 1797. A wahoo marked U. S. and C. under the U. S. Aug. 13, continues the line 4 cuts 7 strikes to the Cumberland road, here a white oak marked U. S. and C. The mile trees have U. S. and C. marked on them," etc.87Letter of Gen. Andrew Pickens to Hon. Mr. Nott, of South Carolina, January 1, 1800. See American State Papers, Public Lands, Vol. I, p. 104.88November 19, 1791. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 629.89American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 203.90January 18, 1792.91January 20, 1792.92United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 42.93This attack was made about midnight on the 30th of September, 1792. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 294.94American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 468.95Report of Maj. James Ore to Governor Blount, September 24, 1794. He left Nashville September 7, with 550 mounted infantry, crossed the Tennessee on the 12th, about 4 miles below Nickajack, and on the morning of the 13th destroyed Nickajack and Running Water towns, killing upwards of 50 and making a number prisoners. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 632.96United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 43.97United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 43.98American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 629.99Letter of Governor Blount to Secretary of War, March 2, 1792. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 629.100American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 628.101American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 543.102American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 536.103January 3, 1795. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 536.104February 2, 1796. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 581.105United States Statutes at Large, Vol. I, p. 496.106United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 62.107This address and remonstrance will be found in full in American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, page 625.108December 20, 1797.109American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 629.110American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 631.111These instructions were dated March 2, 1798. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 639112Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, pp. 693, 695.113June 20, 1798.114Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, pp. 693, 695.115American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 640.116By act of September 27, 1794, the legislature of the territory southwest of the Ohio authorized the raising of a fund for cutting and clearing a wagon road from Southwest Point to Bledsoe's Lick on the Cumberland. The funds for this purpose were to be raised by a lottery managed by Cols. James White, James Winchester, Stockley Donelson, David Campbell, William Cocke, and Robert Hayes. The Indians not having granted the necessary right of way, its construction was necessarily postponed, but subsequently, by act of the legislature of Tennessee passed November 14, 1801, the Cumberland Road Company was incorporated and required to cut and clear a road from the Indian boundary on the east side of Cumberland Mountain to the fork of the roads leading to Fort Blount and Walton's Ferry.117January 15, 1799.118See letter of General Pickens to Representative Nott, of South Carolina, January 1, 1800. American State Papers, Public Lands, Vol. I, p. 103.119Letter of Secretary of War to Return J. Meigs, in Indian Office records.120Dated October 20, 1802.121Commissioner Meigs mentions that the accompanying plat and field notes of Mr. Freeman, the surveyor, will give more abundant details regarding this survey. After a careful search, however, no trace has been found among the Indian Office records and files of the plat and field notes in question. There is much difficulty in ascertaining the exact point of departure of "Meigs Line" from Great Iron Mountains. In the report of the Tennessee and North Carolina boundary commissioners in 1821 it is stated to be311/2miles by the course of the mountain ridge in a general southwesterly course from the crossing of Cataluche Turnpike;91/2miles in a similar direction from Porter's Gap;211/2miles in a northeasterly direction from the crossing of Equovetley Path, and331/2miles in a like course from the crossing of Tennessee River. All of these courses and distances follow the crest of the Great Iron Mountains. It is stated to the author, by General R. N. Hood, of Knoxville, Tenn., that there is a tradition that "Meigs Post" was found some years since about11/2miles southwest of Indian Gap. A map of the survey of Qualla Boundary, by M. S. Temple, in 1876, shows a portion of the continuation of "Meigs Line" as passing about11/2miles east of Quallatown. Surveyor Temple mentions it as running "S. 50° E. (formerly S.521/2° E.")122See memorial of Matthew Patterson and others, dated "French Broad, 8th January, 1800," printed in American State Papers, Public Lands, Vol. I, p. 104.123This resolution was reported by Mr. Harper, from the committee to whom it was referred, to the House of Representatives, April 7, 1800, and is printed in American State Papers, Public Lands, Vol. I, p. 103.124February 7, 1803. See Indian Office records.125See report of Agent Return J. Meigs to the Secretary of War, May 5, 1803, on file in the Office of Indian Affairs.126United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 228.127United States Statutes at Large, Vol. I, p. 618.128United States Statutes at Large, Vol. II, p. 82.129The President's appointment of these commissioners bore date of June 18, 1801.130This interview occurred, as shown by the Indian Office records, on the 30th of June, 1801, and was adjourned to meet again on the 3d of July.131July 3, 1801. See Indian Office records.132July 16, 1801. See Indian Office records.133July 17, 1801. See Indian Office records.134June 10, 1802. See Indian Office records.135February 19, 1803. See Indian Office records.136May 30, 1803.137"Vann" was a half-breed of considerable ability and shrewdness, and was at this time perhaps the most influential chief among the Cherokees. His home was on the route of the proposed Georgia road, and when the road was constructed he opened a store and house of entertainment for travelers, from which he derived a considerable income.138Letter of Secretary of War to governors of Georgia and Tennessee, dated November 21, 1803.139April 4, 1804.140October 10, 1804. See letter of Daniel Smith to Secretary of War, October 31, 1804.141October 31, 1804.142Commissioner Smith in his letter of October 31, 1804, to the Secretary of War, states that two persons on the part of the United States, to be accompanied by two Cherokee chiefs, had been designated to run the boundaries of this cession. The propriety was then urged on the Cherokees by the commissioners of making a cession of the lands lying between East and West Tennessee. Several days were consumed in urging this proposal, and a majority of the chiefs were probably in favor of it, but Commissioner Smith remarks that a majority, unless it amounts almost to unanimity, is not considered with them sufficient to determine in matters of great interest, particularly in making cessions of lands.143December 20, 1811.144It is stated in a resolution of the Georgia legislature, passed June 16, 1802, that this line was surveyed by Colonel Hawkins in 1798.145The letter of the Cherokee delegation calling attention to this matter is dated January 19, 1824.146February 6, 1824.147April 15, 1824.148April 30,1824.149United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 228.150United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 93.151United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 95.152November 2, 1805. See letter of transmittal of Return J. Meigs and Daniel Smith.153United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, pp. 93 and 95.154January 10, 1806.155See field notes of Colonel Martin on file in office of Indian Affairs.156Letter of R. J. Meigs to Secretary of War, March 4, 1811.157Letter of Meigs and Smith to Secretary of War, January 10, 1806.158See report of Commissioner Indian Affairs to Secretary of War, December 9, 1834.

1In pocket at the end of volume.

2United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 18.

3I am informed by Colonel Bushyhead, principal chief of the Cherokee Nation, that Bartram is mistaken in his latter assumption. The letter "r" was never used except among the Overhill Cherokees, and occurred very infrequently with them.

4The full title of this work is "Descriptionis Ptolemaicæ Augmentum; sive Occidentis Notitia, brevi commentario illustrata, studio et opera, Cornely Wytfliet, Louaniensis. Lovanii, Typis Iohannis Bogardi, anno Domini MDXCVII."

5Campbell's Virginia, p. 268.

6Logan's South Carolina, Vol. I, p. 168.

7Martin's North Carolina, Vol. I, p. 194.

8Logan's South Carolina, Vol. I, p. 141.

9Logan's South Carolina, Vol. I, p. 182.

10Adair's American Indians.

11Report Commissioner Indian Affairs for 1883, p. 272.

12Bartram's Travels in North America from 1773 to 1778, p. 371.

13From a distribution roll of Cherokee annuities paid in the year 1799 it appears that there were then 51 Cherokee towns, designated as follows: Oostinawley, Creek Path, Aumoia, Nicojack, Running Water, Ellijay, Cabben, High Tower, Pine Log, High Tower Forks, Tocoah, Coosawaytee, Crowtown, Shoemeck, Aumuchee, Tulloolah, Willstown, Acohee, Cuclon, Duck-town, Ailigulsha, Highwassee, Tennessee, Lookout Mountain, Noyohee, Tusquittee, Coosa, Nantiyallee, Saukee, Keyukee, Red Bank, Nukeza, Cowpens, Telassee, Buffalo Town, Little Tellico, Rabbit Trap, Notley, Turnip Mountain, Sallicoah, Kautika, Tausitu, Watoga, Cowee, Chillhoway, Chestuee, Turkey Town, Toquah, Chota, Big Tellico, and Tusskegee.

14Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, p. 46.

15Martin's North Carolina, Vol. II, pp. 3, 9, and 11.

16Hewat's History of South Carolina and Georgia, Vol. II, pp. 203, 204.

17Broad River was formerly known as Eswaw-Huppedaw or Line River. See Mills' Statistics of South Carolina, p. 555.

18Williamson's North Carolina, Vol. II, p. 87.

19Martin's North Carolina. Vol. II, p. 87.

20Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, p. 68.

21Martin's North Carolina, Vol. II, p. 106.

22Ib., Vol. II, p. 152.

23Ib., Vol. II, p. 226.

24Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, p. 76.

25Ib., p. 102.

26Ib., p. 109.

27Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, p. 119.

28Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, pp. 110, 121.

29There seems to be a confused idea in this description as to the identity of Powell's Mountain. This was doubtless occasioned by a lack of definite knowledge concerning the topography of the country. This ridge, as it is commonly known, does not touch the Holston River, but lies between Powell's and Clinch Rivers. The mountains supposed to be alluded to in that portion of the description are a spur of the Clinch Mountains, which close in on the Holston River, near the mouth of Cloud's Creek.

30Mann Butler's Appeal, pp. 26, 27.

31American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 38.

32Martin's North Carolina, Vol. II, p. 339.

33Haywood's Tennessee, pp. 16, 17.

34Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, p. 204.

35Letter of Governor Blount to Secretary of War, January 14, 1793. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 431.

36American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 431, and Ramsey's Tenn., p. 172.

37Haywood's Tennessee, p. 451.

38Scott's Laws of Tennessee and North Carolina, Vol. I, p. 225.

39Letter of Governor Blount to Secretary of War, January 14, 1793. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 431, also page 263.

40Report of Senate Committee March 1, 1797. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 623. Also Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, p. 276.

41Carpenter and Arthur's History of Georgia, p. 253.

42Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, p. 299.

43Ib., p. 345.

44United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 18.

45See Nos. 10aand 10bon accompanying map of Cherokee cessions.

46By resolution of Congress, March 15, 1785.

47Report of Treaty Commissioners, dated Hopewell, December 2, 1785. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 40.

48American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 628, and letter of General Winchester to General Robertson, November 9, 1797.

49Letter of Hon. John M. Lea, of Nashville, Tenn., to the author.

50Letter of Geo. H. Morgan, of Gainesborough, Tennessee.

51Report of Treaty Commissioners. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 38.

52American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 44.

53Journal of Treaty Commissioners. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 43.

54Report of Treaty Commissioners in American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 38.

55Letter of Return J. Meigs to Secretary of War, May 5, 1803; also, letter of Hon. John M. Lea, Nashville, Tennessee.

56Letter of Governor Blount to Secretary of War, December 16, 1792, in American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 631.

57Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee.

58Old manuscript map on file in Indian Office, Washington, D. C.

59United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 39.

60See resolution of Georgia legislature, June 16, 1802. It is however stated by Return J. Meigs, in a letter to the Secretary of War dated December 20, 1811, that this line was run by Colonel Hawkins in 1797.

61American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 38.

62United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 39.

63American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 44.

64Protest of Col. William Blount to Treaty Commissioners of 1785. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 44, and Ramsey's Annals of Tenn., p. 549. Also Scott's Laws of Tennessee and North Carolina, Vol. I.

65American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 38.

66Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, p. 345.

67American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 53.

68Ib., p. 83.

69The assembly of North Carolina proceeded in 1789 to mature a plan for the severance of Tennessee, and passed an act for the purpose of ceding to the United States of America certain western lands therein described. In conformity with one of the provisions of the act, Samuel Johnson and Benjamin Hawkins, Senators in Congress from North Carolina, executed a deed to the United States on the 25th of February, 1790. Congress accepted the cession by act of April 2, 1790, and Tennessee ceased to be a part of North Carolina.

70These instructions were issued in pursuance of the advice and consent of the Senate, under date of August 11, 1790. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 135.

71This act of the Georgia legislature bore date of December 21, 1789. A prior act, bearing date February 7, 1785, had been passed, entitled "An act for laying out a district of land situated on the river Mississippi, within the limits of this State, into a county, to be called Bourbon." See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 114.

72January 22, 1791. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 112.

73Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, pp. 549—556.

74United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 39.

75July 15, 1791. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 628.

76American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 123.

77Ib., p. 135.

78Ib., p. 629.

79Ib., p. 628—630.

80January 31, 1792. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 629.

81It may not be uninteresting as a historical incident to note the fact that at the time of General Wayne's treaty at Greeneville, in 1795, a band of Cherokees had settled on the head-waters of the Scioto River in Ohio. Not presenting themselves at the conferences preceding that treaty, General Wayne sent them a special message through Captain Long Hair, one of their chiefs, with the information that if they failed to conclude articles of peace with him they would be left unprotected. They sent a delegation to assure General Wayne of their desire for peace, saying that as soon as they gathered their crop of corn they would return to their tribe, which they did.

82American State Papers. Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 630. According to the original manuscript journal of Col. Benj. Hawkins, Major Craig's house was 1/4 mile below the source of Nine-Mile Creek.

83September 27, 1792. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 630.

84Report of Boundary Commissioners, November 30, 1792. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 630.

85Report of Boundary Commissioners, November 30, 1792. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 630.

86See preamble to treaty of 1798; American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, pp. 639—641; letters of Indian Bureau, War Department, December 13 and 14, 1828; also, old manuscript maps in Office of Indian Affairs, Nos. 716 and 749. By the former of these maps it appears that the survey of "Hawkins Line" from Clinch River was begun August 13, 1797, and that "the line commences on the Clinch, one-fourth mile above the ferry, in view of South West Point. (The ferry was 600 yards above the point.) From this point the view through the vista or street passing Captain Wade's garden to the right S. 26 W. the same side of the river above N. 47 W. The beginning tree, a Spanish oak, marked U. S. on the north side and C. on the south; on the oak 1797. A wahoo marked U. S. and C. under the U. S. Aug. 13, continues the line 4 cuts 7 strikes to the Cumberland road, here a white oak marked U. S. and C. The mile trees have U. S. and C. marked on them," etc.

87Letter of Gen. Andrew Pickens to Hon. Mr. Nott, of South Carolina, January 1, 1800. See American State Papers, Public Lands, Vol. I, p. 104.

88November 19, 1791. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 629.

89American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 203.

90January 18, 1792.

91January 20, 1792.

92United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 42.

93This attack was made about midnight on the 30th of September, 1792. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 294.

94American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 468.

95Report of Maj. James Ore to Governor Blount, September 24, 1794. He left Nashville September 7, with 550 mounted infantry, crossed the Tennessee on the 12th, about 4 miles below Nickajack, and on the morning of the 13th destroyed Nickajack and Running Water towns, killing upwards of 50 and making a number prisoners. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 632.

96United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 43.

97United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 43.

98American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 629.

99Letter of Governor Blount to Secretary of War, March 2, 1792. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 629.

100American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 628.

101American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 543.

102American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 536.

103January 3, 1795. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 536.

104February 2, 1796. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 581.

105United States Statutes at Large, Vol. I, p. 496.

106United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 62.

107This address and remonstrance will be found in full in American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, page 625.

108December 20, 1797.

109American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 629.

110American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 631.

111These instructions were dated March 2, 1798. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 639

112Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, pp. 693, 695.

113June 20, 1798.

114Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, pp. 693, 695.

115American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 640.

116By act of September 27, 1794, the legislature of the territory southwest of the Ohio authorized the raising of a fund for cutting and clearing a wagon road from Southwest Point to Bledsoe's Lick on the Cumberland. The funds for this purpose were to be raised by a lottery managed by Cols. James White, James Winchester, Stockley Donelson, David Campbell, William Cocke, and Robert Hayes. The Indians not having granted the necessary right of way, its construction was necessarily postponed, but subsequently, by act of the legislature of Tennessee passed November 14, 1801, the Cumberland Road Company was incorporated and required to cut and clear a road from the Indian boundary on the east side of Cumberland Mountain to the fork of the roads leading to Fort Blount and Walton's Ferry.

117January 15, 1799.

118See letter of General Pickens to Representative Nott, of South Carolina, January 1, 1800. American State Papers, Public Lands, Vol. I, p. 103.

119Letter of Secretary of War to Return J. Meigs, in Indian Office records.

120Dated October 20, 1802.

121Commissioner Meigs mentions that the accompanying plat and field notes of Mr. Freeman, the surveyor, will give more abundant details regarding this survey. After a careful search, however, no trace has been found among the Indian Office records and files of the plat and field notes in question. There is much difficulty in ascertaining the exact point of departure of "Meigs Line" from Great Iron Mountains. In the report of the Tennessee and North Carolina boundary commissioners in 1821 it is stated to be311/2miles by the course of the mountain ridge in a general southwesterly course from the crossing of Cataluche Turnpike;91/2miles in a similar direction from Porter's Gap;211/2miles in a northeasterly direction from the crossing of Equovetley Path, and331/2miles in a like course from the crossing of Tennessee River. All of these courses and distances follow the crest of the Great Iron Mountains. It is stated to the author, by General R. N. Hood, of Knoxville, Tenn., that there is a tradition that "Meigs Post" was found some years since about11/2miles southwest of Indian Gap. A map of the survey of Qualla Boundary, by M. S. Temple, in 1876, shows a portion of the continuation of "Meigs Line" as passing about11/2miles east of Quallatown. Surveyor Temple mentions it as running "S. 50° E. (formerly S.521/2° E.")

122See memorial of Matthew Patterson and others, dated "French Broad, 8th January, 1800," printed in American State Papers, Public Lands, Vol. I, p. 104.

123This resolution was reported by Mr. Harper, from the committee to whom it was referred, to the House of Representatives, April 7, 1800, and is printed in American State Papers, Public Lands, Vol. I, p. 103.

124February 7, 1803. See Indian Office records.

125See report of Agent Return J. Meigs to the Secretary of War, May 5, 1803, on file in the Office of Indian Affairs.

126United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 228.

127United States Statutes at Large, Vol. I, p. 618.

128United States Statutes at Large, Vol. II, p. 82.

129The President's appointment of these commissioners bore date of June 18, 1801.

130This interview occurred, as shown by the Indian Office records, on the 30th of June, 1801, and was adjourned to meet again on the 3d of July.

131July 3, 1801. See Indian Office records.

132July 16, 1801. See Indian Office records.

133July 17, 1801. See Indian Office records.

134June 10, 1802. See Indian Office records.

135February 19, 1803. See Indian Office records.

136May 30, 1803.

137"Vann" was a half-breed of considerable ability and shrewdness, and was at this time perhaps the most influential chief among the Cherokees. His home was on the route of the proposed Georgia road, and when the road was constructed he opened a store and house of entertainment for travelers, from which he derived a considerable income.

138Letter of Secretary of War to governors of Georgia and Tennessee, dated November 21, 1803.

139April 4, 1804.

140October 10, 1804. See letter of Daniel Smith to Secretary of War, October 31, 1804.

141October 31, 1804.

142Commissioner Smith in his letter of October 31, 1804, to the Secretary of War, states that two persons on the part of the United States, to be accompanied by two Cherokee chiefs, had been designated to run the boundaries of this cession. The propriety was then urged on the Cherokees by the commissioners of making a cession of the lands lying between East and West Tennessee. Several days were consumed in urging this proposal, and a majority of the chiefs were probably in favor of it, but Commissioner Smith remarks that a majority, unless it amounts almost to unanimity, is not considered with them sufficient to determine in matters of great interest, particularly in making cessions of lands.

143December 20, 1811.

144It is stated in a resolution of the Georgia legislature, passed June 16, 1802, that this line was surveyed by Colonel Hawkins in 1798.

145The letter of the Cherokee delegation calling attention to this matter is dated January 19, 1824.

146February 6, 1824.

147April 15, 1824.

148April 30,1824.

149United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 228.

150United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 93.

151United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 95.

152November 2, 1805. See letter of transmittal of Return J. Meigs and Daniel Smith.

153United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, pp. 93 and 95.

154January 10, 1806.

155See field notes of Colonel Martin on file in office of Indian Affairs.

156Letter of R. J. Meigs to Secretary of War, March 4, 1811.

157Letter of Meigs and Smith to Secretary of War, January 10, 1806.

158See report of Commissioner Indian Affairs to Secretary of War, December 9, 1834.

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