improvements introduced into Newgate,162;moral deterioration of prisoners,164;chain gangs in the streets,165;“caravans” for conveying prisoners introduced,166;Sydney Smith’s opposition to prison reform,166,167;defective nature of prison architecture,169-171;new gaol legislation,171,172;Prison Discipline Society sees to its enforcement,172-174;borough prisons the worst,173,174,178,179;slow progress of reform,174,175;shocking state of the New Prison, Clerkenwell,175;want of uniformity of treatment,176;small local prisons an impediment to reform,177-180;Newgate remains unaffected by the prison laws,180-182;committees of both Houses of Parliament appointed to inquire into prison reform,182,183;their recommendations on the subject,184-186.Prisons, the First Report of the Inspectors of, ii.187-230;inspectors appointed in 1835, 188;Mr. W. Crawford is one—his antecedents,189;the Rev. Whitworth Russell the other,190;their visits to Newgate, and their report on it,191;the condition of the prison as bad as before,191-193;the governor, Mr. Cope, to blame for this,193;wretched condition of the prisoners,194-196;power and tyranny of the wardsmen,196-198;incompetency of the governor, Mr. Cope,199,200;Newgate a nursery of crime,201; prison literature,202;drinking, feasting, and fighting in,204-206;accidents arising from this,206;riots,207;other violations of the Gaol Acts,207;indiscriminate admission of visitors,208;abuses on the female side,208-212;labours of the Ladies’ Association,211;condition of the condemned,213-215;indiscriminate association of,215;their brutal callousness,215;a child of nine condemned to death,215n.;Newgate tokens, and their importance in the eyes of the criminal classes,215andn.;the inspectors censure the conduct of the ordinary,216;lunatics in,217-219;gentlemen concerned in bribery cases committed to Newgate,219;abuses of the state side revived,220,221;utter lack of discipline in Newgate,221-224;severity of the inspectors’ remarks on the state of Newgate,224,225;the Corporation protest, but attempt to reform,225;nature of the improvements,226,227;in succeeding reports the inspectors still complain,227-230.PrisonsAct of 1865, provisions of the, ii.497-500;and of 1877, 502.Prisons, list of noblemen and bishops who owned, i. 428n.Prize-fightingand its aristocratic patrons, ii.53.Probert, participates in the murder of Mr. Weare, ii.328;turns approver,329;hanged for horse-stealing,328.Protestants, persecutions of, in the 16th century, i. 71-92.Prynne, release of, from prison, i. 130.Prynnein the pillory, i. 236, 237.Punishments, early forms of, i. 232,et seq.Quakersin Newgate, i. 196;Penn and Mead, and their unjust treatment,196,197.Queen, attempts on the life of the.SeeSovereign, attempts on the life of the.Quin, James, the actor, found guilty of manslaughter, i. 388.Rann, John, highwayman, execution of, i. 269;account of his career,403-406.Ratcliffe, Mr., his escape from Newgate,314;recapture and execution,315,316.Ravaillac, the punishment of, i. 249.Rebels, Jacobite, in Newgate, account of the, i. 207-226.Receiverof stolen property, career of a notorious, Ikey Solomons, ii.317-321;Sir James Stephen recommends capital punishment for those repeatedly convicted,317n.;conviction of “Money Moses,” another notorious receiver, and a direct descendant of Ikey,326,327.Recorder’sreport, terrible suspense of the condemned and their friends in waiting for the, ii.252.Religiouspersecutions in the 16th century, i. 71-92.Reresby, Sir John, i. 183.ResolutionClub, a gang of robbers, account of, i. 328.Resurrectionmen and their doings, ii.51,330-333, 460-462.Resuscitationafter hanging, instances of, i. 279-282.Richard II.oppresses the citizens, i. 43.Richardson, W., a Jesuit, trial and execution of, i. 98.Riots, street, i. 393; the footmen’s,394-397.Roarers, account of the, and of their punishment, in old London, i. 29.Robberies, impunity with which they were committed in the 18th century, ii.31;daring nature of,31-35.Robbery, highway, prevalence of, in the 17th century, i. 166-180;in London in the early part of the 18th century,324,et seq.;Fielding on,326;instances of, with violence, ii.312-317;of bullion from the Custom House,321;of diamonds,322-325;burglaries,325;of gold-dust,325-327;of banks and royal palaces,345;of Lord Fitzgerald’s plate-chest,345;of clubs by a member,346;of diamonds by a sea captain,347.Roberts, Captain, pirate, i. 416.Rob Royin Newgate, i. 226.Rogers, John, his persecution and burning, i. 79.Roman Catholics, persecutions of, in the 16th century, i. 71-92.Romilly, Sir Samuel, his efforts to ameliorate the criminal law, ii.5.Roupell, William, his will forgeries, ii.462-465.Rowland, William, prosecuted for libel, ii.57.Royalistprisoners in Newgate, i. 138-140.Russell, Lord John, on prison reform, ii.488.Russell, Lord William, murder of, ii.348-353.Russell, Rev. W., inspector of prisons, i. 19.Ryan, Matthew, last person pressed to death, i. 254.Sackville, Edward, in Newgate, i. 141.St. Giles’s bowl, i. 11, 271.St. Martin’s-le-Grand, sanctuary of, i. 52 andn.Sanctuaryof St. Martin’s-le-Grand, i. 52n.;advantage of, to those who fled to, i. 61 andn.Sattler, Christian, executed for murdering a police inspector, ii.428,453.Savage, Richard, tried and condemned for murder, case of, i. 339.Saward, J. T., forgeries of, and his confederates, ii.395-398.Scott, a highwayman, attempted escape of, i. 309.Selwyn, George, i. 12; his craving for executions,265,266.Seminarypriests, persecution of, in Elizabeth’s time, i. 89-92.Shebbeare, Dr., in the pillory, i. 237.Shebbeare, Dr., prosecutes for libel, ii.57.Sheppard, Jack, scene at his execution, i. 268;his escapes from Newgate,294-299;his celebrity,298,299;and trial,300.Sheppard, James, a Jacobite, scene at the execution of, i. 275.Sheriffsof old London, mode of electing, i. 45;their powers as to Newgate,45,46;and privileges as to prisoners,45andn.;the “Sheriffs’ Fund,” origin and use of,45n.;dispute between the, and the Corporation as to the right to appoint the gaoler or keeper of Newgate,48-50;recapture of an escaped prisoner by the,52.Ship-money, commitments to Newgate for non-payment of, i. 109.Shipwreck, wilful, of heavily-insured ships, ii.338-341.Silk, Captain, a Jacobite, in Newgate, i. 213,et seq.SixArticles of Henry VIII., persecutions for infringement of, i. 73,et seq.SixteenString Jack, execution of, i. 269.Skeffington’sgyves, i. 75.Sligo, the Marquis of, imprisoned in Newgate, ii.64,65.Smethurst, Dr., trial of, for poisoning Miss Bankes, ii.439-441.Smith, Dr., his report on Newgate, i. 445.Smith, Sydney, opposed to wholesale prison reforms, ii.166,167.Smith, Thomas, burned to death in Newgate, i. 459.Societyfor the Promotion of Christian Knowledge, efforts of, on behalf of prisoners in Newgate, ii.116.Solomons, Ikey, a notorious receiver, account of the career of, ii.317-321.Somers, Lord, and the suppression of piracy, i. 417-420.Southwark, the bailiwick of, granted to the City, i. 42;confirmed by Edward IV., 44.Sovereign, attempts on the life of the—Margaret Nicholson on George III., ii.284;Hatfield on George III., 284;John Collins on William IV., 284;Oxford on the Queen,285-289;John Francis on the Queen,289-291;John William Bean on the Queen,291,292;Lieutenant Pate on the Queen,292,293.Spiggot, William, pressed to death, i. 253.Spinola, Benedict, petition against, i. 70 andn.Stateside, Newgate, ii.71;price and privileges of,99.Stephen, Sir James, recommends capital punishment for repeatedly convicted receivers, ii. 317n.Sterne, Henry, robs the Duke of Beaufort of his “George,” ii.33.StockdaleversusHansard, celebrated libel case involving an infringement of the privileges of Parliament, account of, ii.202,203n.Stocks, the punishment of the, i. 240.StoneHall, the, in Newgate, i. 153.StoneHold, Newgate, i. 157.StoneWard, the, in Newgate, i. 151.Stoweon the site of Newgate, i. 23-25;note in Thom’s edition of,61n.Strangulation, the punishment of, i. 256.Strangways, Major, pressed to death, i. 251.Streetriots frequent, i. 393;and robberies, ii.28-32.Surgeons’ Hall, site of, ii.265;bodies of murderers taken thither for dissection,265.Sutherland, John, execution of, ii.233.Swainson, a Dane, executed for the abduction of Miss Rawlins, an heiress, i. 181.Swindlersand sharpers, careers of some of the principal—the German Princess, i. 188;systematic operations of, in 18th century, ii.38;Alexander Day,39;female sharpers,40;Harriet Grieve,40;James Dignum,41;Mrs. Clarke,42;her connection with the Duke of York and Colonel Wardle,42,43;Robert Jacques’s deception,43-45.“Tangier,” a ward so called in Newgate, i. 155.Tarpeys, husband and wife, diamond robbery by, ii.465.Tester, one of the perpetrators of the gold robbery on the South-Eastern Railway, ii.391-395.Thistlewood, the leader of the Cato Street conspiracy, account of, ii. 279,et seq.Thurtell, executed for the murder of Mr. Weare, ii.328,329.Thynne, Thomas, account of the murder of, i. 182-188.Tidd, one of the Cato Street conspirators, ii.283.Tilling, Sam, execution of, ii.233.Tokens, Newgate, importance attached to them by the criminal classes, ii. 215 andn.Told, Silas, his early life and conversion, ii.117;takes to prison visiting,118;his account of the conversion of John Lancaster,118,119;becomes a regular visitor, but meets with opposition from the ordinary,119,120;his story of Mary Edmonson,121-126;visits Mrs. Brownrigg,126.Tolls, power of collecting, granted to the citizens, i. 43 andn.Torture, infliction of, in prisons, i. 76,et seq.Townsend, Mr., Bow Street runner, on the state of crime, ii.3.Towris, Sir Thomas, i. 142.Tronage, privilege of, granted to the City, i. 43.Tun, prison built in 1282 for night-walkers, i. 34n.Turner, Colonel, execution of, i. 260-263.Turpin, Dick, execution of, i. 270.Tyburn, the early place of public execution, i. 10, 258;scenes on execution day on the road to,267,et seq.;abolition of the Tyburn procession,282;Dr. Johnson on,282;reasons for abolishing,282,283.‘Tyburn Calendar,’ the, i. 318.Tyler, Wat, and his followers break open Newgate and set the prisoners free, i. 57.Underhill, Edward, yeoman of the guard, his description of Newgate in Mary’s time, i. 85.Vaughan, Richard, forger of bank-notes, ii.9.Ventilatorfor preventing fever in Newgate, account of, i. 441-443.Vratz, Captain, one of the murderers of Mr. Thynne, i. 183.Wagner, a systematic forger, ii.454-456.Wainwright, executed for the murder of Harriet Lane, ii.426,470,471.Wakefield, Gibbon, on the treatment of the condemned in Newgate, ii.252-254;his account of the Sunday service when the condemned sermon was preached,255-260;account of his abduction (aided by his brother) of Miss Turner, an heiress,306-310;sentenced to three years’ imprisonment,311.Wakefield, William, imprisoned for aiding in the abduction of Miss Turner, ii.306-311.Wall, Governor, executed for flogging a man to death, i. 383-388;scene at the execution, and last moments of, ii.238-241.Wallaces, conviction of the, for wilful shipwreck, ii.338-341.Walpole, Horace, on Maclane, a highwayman, i. 9, 401, 402.Walter, Mr., and the ‘Times,’ prosecution of, for libel, ii.59.Wardsmenin Newgate, power and tyranny of the, ii.196-198.Watchmen, character, duties, and remuneration of, in the 18th century, ii.28.Waterman’sHall, Newgate, i. 158.Webster, Kate, executed for the murder of her mistress, ii.427,469,471.Whetstone, the punishment of the, i. 34 andn.Whipping, the punishment of, i. 245.Whiston, James, on selling the office of keepers of prisons, i. 47, 48.White, Charles, shocking scene at the execution of, ii.270.Whitney, a famous highwayman, exploits and execution of, i. 170-172.‘Whit’spalace,’ i. 6.Whittington, Lord Mayor, repairs Newgate, i. 6;transfers debtors from Newgate to Ludgate,55;his death-bed,57;leaves moneys for rebuilding Newgate,58.Wild, Jonathan, his career, i. 412-415.Wilkes, John, and the ‘North Briton,’ i. 238, 393; ii.57;his letter on the cruelty and illegality of ironing prisoners, i. 430.Williams, Captain, prison inspector, on Newgate, i. 20.Williams, executed for “burking” many victims and selling their bodies, ii.330-333.Williams, John, case of, in Newgate, i. 102.Williams, the murderer of the Marrs, exhibition and procession of his body, ii.267,268.Williams, publisher of the ‘North Briton,’ in the pillory, i. 238.Williams, Renwick, “the monster,” doings of, ii.32.Williamson, John, murderer, i. 366.Wilson, Catherine, executed for wholesale poisoning, ii.427,441-443.Wolsey, Cardinal, his dealings with the citizens in the “Evil May-day” rising, i. 64-67;said to have been placed in the stocks,240.Women’sward, Newgate, i. 156, 158.Wren, supposed to be the architect of the present prison, i. 6.Wright, ex-Lord Chief Justice, in Newgate, i. 198.“YoungEngland,” account of the imaginary association so called formed by the lunatic Oxford, ii.287-289.