of lesser divinities of,181-197.See alsoGæaEast of the Sun and West of the Moon, story of; analogy of incident,C. 101-102E-ꞓhid´na, half serpent, half woman, who by Typhon bore Cerberus, the Nemean lion, and the Lernæan HydraEꞓh´o (according to rule, Ē'ꞓho),188,189;C. 132-133Ed´dȧs̟,373,394;derivation of name, history of poems,458-460;translations and authorities,458-460, notes, andC. 268-282E-don´ĭ-dēs̟, Mount E´don,C. 42.SeeBacchusEëtion (e-e´shĭ-ŏn or e-et´ĭ-ŏn),291E-ġe´rĭ-a,63,260;C. 54Egypt,207,249,447;C. 149-154Egyptians,442;records of myths,462;studies on,C. 302Egyptian divinities, (1) Those of Memphis were Phtha, Ra, Shu and Tefnet, Seb and Nut, Osiris and Isis, Seth and Nephthys, Horus and Hathor.(2) Those of Thebes were Amen (Ammon), Mentu, Atmu, Shu and Tefnet, Seb and Nut, Osiris and Isis, Seth and Nephthys, Horus and Hathor, Sebek, Tennet, and Penit.SeeEncyc. Brit., and authorities referred to inC. 302.The following lists are genealogically arranged:(1) Phtha, Seb, Ra;(2) Amen, etc.(1)PhthaorPtah: chief deity of Memphis; perhaps of foreign origin. His name means the "opener," or the "carver." He is called "the Father of the Beginning," and as the prime architect, or artificer, recalls the Greek Hephæstus. He is the activity of the "Spirit," Neph, Chnuphis. He is represented as a mummy or a pygmy.PakhtandBast: a goddess of two forms, lioness-headed or cat-headed. At Memphis, Pakht was worshiped as wife of Phtha; at Bubastis, Bast was adored as daughter of Isis.Nefer Atum: worshiped at Heliopolis as the son of Phtha. Like Osiris (see below), he is the sun of the underworld.Seb: the father of the Osirian gods. He is the god of earth and its vegetation; represented as a man with the head of a goose; he corresponds with the Greek Cronus; his consort was Nut.Nut: wife of Seb, mother of the Osirian gods; the vault of heaven; she may be likened to the Greek Rhea.Osi´ris, orHesiri: the good principle. Identified with the vivifying power of the sun and of the waters of the Nile. In general, the most human and most beneficent of the Egyptian deities. He is the son of Seb (or, according to some, of Neph, Chnuphis). He may be likened to the Greek Apollo, as a representative of spiritual light; to Dionysus in his vivifying function. He wages war with his brother Seth (Set), the principle of Evil, but is vanquished by him, boxed in a chest, drowned, and finally cut into small pieces. His sister-wife, Isis, recovers all but one piece of the body of O., and buries them. He becomes protector of the shades, judge of the underworld, the sun of the night, the tutelary deity of the Egyptians. He is avenged by his son Horus, who, with the aid of Thoth (reason), temporarily overcomes Seth. The myth may refer to the daily struggle of the sun with darkness, and also to the unending strife of good with evil, the course of human life, and of the life after death. O. is represented as a mummy crowned with the Egyptian miter.I´sis, orHes: the wife and feminine counterpart of Osiris. Represented as a woman crowned with the sun's disk or cow's horns, bearing also upon her head her emblem, the throne.Ho´rus, orHar: son of Osiris and Isis, who, as the strong young sun of the day, avenges his father, the sun of the underworld. He is Horus the child, Horus the elder (as taking the place of his father on earth), or sometimes Horus Harpocrates, the god of silence. As the latter, he holds a finger to his lips. He may be compared with the Greek Apollo.Harpoc´ra-tes: seeHorusHa´thor, orAthor: a goddess often identified with Isis. She had the head of a cow and wears the sun's disk, and plumes. Her name means "Home of Horus." She has characteristics of the Greek Aphrodite.Seth, orSet: the principle of physical, and later of moral, darkness and evil. He is the opponent of his brother, or father, Osiris. Represented as a monster with ass's body, jackal's ears and snout, and the tail of a lion.Nephthys: a goddess of the dead; the sister of Isis, and wife of Seth. She aided Isis to recover the drowned Osiris.A´pis: the sacred bull, into which the life of Osiris was supposed to have passed. The name also indicates the Nile. The bull Apis must have certain distinguishing marks; he was treated like a god; and on his death (he was drowned at twenty-five years of age) the land went into mourning until his successor was found. He was worshiped with pomp in Memphis.SeeSerapisSera´pis(orSer´apis; seeMilton, Paradise Lost, 1, 720): as Apis represents the living Osiris, so S. the Osiris who had passed into the underworld.Ra: originally the deity of the physical attributes of the sun; but ultimately the representative of supreme godhead. Worshiped through all Egypt, and associated with other gods who are then manifestations of his various attributes. He is the victorious principle or light, life, and right, but rules over, rather than sympathizes with, mankind. He is of human form, sometimes hawk-headed, always crowned with the sun's disk. His Greek counterpart is not Apollo, but Helios.Mentu: Ra, as the rising sunAtmu: Ra, as the setting sunShu: the solar light; son of Ra, Mentu, or Atmu(2)Ammon, orAmen: "the hidden," a deity of the Egyptian Thebes; generally associated in attributes with some other god. As Amen-Ra he is the king of Theban gods, the divinity of the sun. He is of human form; rarely with a goat's head, as represented by the Greeks. He corresponds to the Greek Zeus. As Amen-Khem he is the god of productivity, and is represented with a flail in his hand. His consort is Mut, or Maut, and their son is Khuns.Mut, orMaut: the mother; the Theban goddess of womanhood, wife of Amen-Ra. She corresponds to the Greek Demeter.Khuns: son of Ammon and Maut; a divinity of the moon. He is sometimes hawk-headed; generally invested with the disk and crescent of the moon.Neph,Chnuphis,Khnum,Num, orNu: the soul of the universe; the word or will of Ammon-Ra; the creator. Represented with the head of a ram.Khem, Chem(cf.Milton'sCham), called alsoMin: the energizing principle of physical life. Associated with both Ammon and Osiris. His counterpart in classical mythology is Pan, or, as god of gardens, Priapus.Neith: goddess of the upper heaven; self-produced; mother of the sun; goddess, consequently, of wisdom, the arts of peace and of war. Likened by the Greeks to Athena. Worshiped in Lower Egypt as a woman in form, with bow and arrows in her hand.Ma-t: goddess of truth; her emblem is the ostrich feather, which signifies truth. She is the wife of Thoth.Thoth: the chief moon-god; characterized by his wisdom, and his patronage of letters. Husband of Ma-tAnubis: son of Osiris. Guide of ghostsEileithyia (ī-lī-thī'ya) or Ilithyia (ĭl-ĭ-thī'ya), the name of a goddess, or of goddesses, of childbirth; later identified with Diana;C. 32E-lec´tra, daughter of Agamemnon,275,276,315;C. 190-194(2),228-230E-lec´tra, a Pleiad,123,124;C. 97, 148(5),190-194(5)E-lec´try-ŏn,214,215Elegiac (ĕ-le´jĭ-ak or el-e-ji´ak) poets of Rome,457Eleusinia (el-ū-sin´ĭ-a), Eleusinian mysteries;Eleusis (e-lū´sis),44,165,442;C. 114-117Eleusis. SeeEleusiniaEleutho (e-lū'thō). SeeEileithyiaElfheim (elf´hām or elf´hīm),377,394Elgin Marbles,C. 27, 176-181E´lĭs,117,170, andpassim;C. 93Eliudnir (ĕl-ĭ-ŏŏd´nēr),377Elli (ĕl´lē),384,386Elves,394;C. 268-281Elysium (e-lizh´ĭ-ŭm or e-liz´ĭ-ŭm), Elysian (e-lizh´ȧn or e-liz´ĭ-ȧn) Plain,43,274,356,360;description of Elysian Fields,51,52,358,359;Andrew Lang's Fortunate Islands,52;C. 44-46E-ma´thĭ-a: Thessaly, or PharsaliaEm´bla,374En-çel´ȧ-dus, a Giant,7En-[+c]he´lĭ-ans, country of the,89;C. 70Endymion (en-dim´ĭ-ŏn),2,117,237;myth of,124,125,201;C. 98; genealogy,148(3), (5),168Enipeus (e-ni´pūs),170;C. 119-120En´na,120,160,163;C. 93, 114-117En-y-a´lĭ-us: the horrible, the warlike;an epithet of MarsEnyo (e-ni´o), mother, daughter, sister, or wife of Mars; the horror,24;also one of the three GrææE´ŏs,39.See alsoAuroraEp´ȧ-phus,94,207;C. 76E-pe´us, the artificer of the Wooden HorseEph´esus, Diana of,C. 32;Venus of,C. 34Eph-ĭ-al´tēs̟,93;C. 8Ep´ics. SeeHomer,Virgil,Vȯlsunga Saga,Nibelungenlied,Mahâbhârata,RâmâyanaEp-ĭ-dau´rus,251Ep-ig´o-nī,268Ep-ĭ-men´ĭ-dēs̟, a Cretan herdsman, who awoke from a sleep of fifty-seven years to find himself endowed with gifts of prophecy, purification, and priestcraftEpimetheus (ep-ĭ-me´thūs),9;marries Pandora,11;C. 10-15E-pi´rus,349Ĕr´ȧ-tō, the muse of love poetry,37Ĕr´da, in Wagner's Ring,415,418,419,424,425Ĕr´e-bus,4,135,162,259,363;C. 3, 49, 101-102Erechtheus (e-rek´thūs),249;C. 174Ĕr-iꞓh-tho´nĭ-us,207;descendants of,249-260;C. 148(4),174Ĕr-iꞓh-tho´nĭ-us, son of Dardanus and fourth king of Troy,C. 190-194(5)E-rĭd´ȧ-nus,98;C. 76Erinys (e-rin´is or e-ri´nis), E-rin´y-ēs̟. SeeFuriesĔr-ĭ-phy´lē,265,266,268;C. 70E´ris,24,41. SeeDiscordE´rŏs,3,4;C. 3, 38(1).SeeCupidĔr-y-çi´na, Venus, to whom Mount Eryx and the city of that name, with its temple of Venus, were sacred,255;C. 34Ĕr-y-man´thus, Mount,119;boar of,217;C. 93, 156-162Ĕr-y-siꞓh´thŏn, myth of,191,192Ĕr-y-the´a, island of,219Ĕr-y-the´is, one of the HesperidesE´ryx, Mount,32,159;C. 114-117Eskimos,449E-te´o-clēs̟,264,266;C. 182-189, table NEtruscans,63,367Etzel (et´sel), Lament over the Heroes of,461.SeeAttilaEubœa (ū-be´a),56Eu-he´mẽr-us or Eu-hem´ẽr-us (Eue-merus), Eu-he-mẽr-is´tic or Eu-hem-ẽr-is´tic,436Eu-mæ´us,339,340,343Eu-men´ĭ-dēs̟,256;C. 49.SeeFuriesEu-mol´pus, Eu-mol´pĭ-dæ, a Thracian singer and his descendants, priests of Demeter in the Eleusinian mysteriesEu-phra´tēs̟,97Eu-phros´y-nē, one of the Graces,36Eu-rip´ĭ-dēs̟,455;references to,110,215,242,261,265,266,281,313,315,316;translations,C. 298Eu-ro´pa,64,207,246;myth of,68-71;portrayed by Arachne,84;C. 57, table D;59and table EEu-ro´tăs,253Eu´rus,38Eu-ry´ȧ-lē, one of the GorgonsEu-ry´ȧ-lus,368-370Eu-ryb´ĭ-ē, a Titan, wife of Creüs,C. 4Eu-ry-cle´a,341Eu-ryd´ĭ-çē,165-168,202,203;C. 118Eu-ryl´o-ꞓhus,324,325Eu-ryn´o-mē,36,90;C. 4, 71Eu-ry-phȧ-es´sa,C. 4Eurystheus (ū-ris´thūs),216-220Eurytion (ū-rish´ĭ-ŏn or ū-rit´ĭ-ŏn),219,259Eu-tẽr´pē, the muse of lyric poetry,37;C. 38(4)Euxine (ūk´sĭn) Sea,231E-vad´nē,266E-van´der,365-367Eve and the apple,440E-ve´nus,115E´vĭ-us,C. 42.SeeBacchusFable, definition of,1;distinguished from myth,1-2;some writers of,2Fafner (fäv´nẽr), Fafnir,412,415,419,420,422,423,427Fafnir (fäv´nēr), Fafner,400,401.In Wagner's Ring, seeFafnerFair, Brown, and Trembling, story of;analogy of incident,C. 101-102Famine, personified,192Farbauti (fär´bou-te),377Fä´s̟ṓlt,412,415Fas´tī, Ovid's,456Fate (GreekA-nan´ke, LatinFa´tum), the necessity above and behind gods as well as menFates, the (GreekMœ'ræ, LatinPar´cæ), subject to Jupiter;their office,38,106,107,163,167,237,240,269;daughters of Themis, or of Night,38;song of,272;C. 38(6),49Fau´na,61Fau´nī, Fauns,61,153,185,186,190,195;C. 54, 131Fau´nus,61,198,362Fȧ-vo´nĭ-us,38Fen´ris,377,378,387,395,396Fensalir (fen-sä-lēr´),387,389Fe-ro´nĭ-a,63; also worshiped in the mart as a goddess of commerce; a Sabine deityFi´dēs̟,63Flood, the, in Greece,15Flo´ra,61;loved by Zephyrus,39;C. 54Fon-tĭ-na´lĭ-a,62Fon´tus,62For-tū'na,63Fox and Grapes, reference to,1Freia (frē'a), Freya,412-415.SeeFreyaFreki (frā'kē),375Freya (frā'a), Freia,377-380,393SeeFreiaFreyr (frā''r) or Froh (frō),377,386,387,393-395,412;C. 268-281Frick´a or Frig´ga,412,415,418,420Frig´ga or Frick´a,374,387,389,393;C. 268-281Froh (frō) or Freyr (frā''r),412,413,415Frost giant (Ymir),373Frost giants,376,378,380,393,395Furies, Fū'rĭ-æ (E-rin´y-ēs̟, Di´ræ, Eu-men´ĭ-dēs̟, Sem´næ: A-lec´to, Tĭ-siph´-o-nē, Me-ġæ´ra),5,51,354,357;attendants of Proserpine,53,54;mollified by Orpheus,166;avengers of Ibycus,196,197;Orestes pursued by,316;C. 49, 140Gæa (je´a), Ġē, or Tĕr´ra,4,5,6,44,220;the Roman Tellus,59.SeeEarthGal-ȧ-te´a, the Nereid,55,185;myth of Acis, Polyphemus, and G.,198-200;C. 141Gal-ȧ-te´a and Pyg-mā'lĭ-ŏn,147;C. 105Gandharvas (gund-hur´wȧs̟). SeeHindu divinities(2)Gan´ġēs̟,97Gan-y-me´da, a name of HebeGan´y-mēde,36;C. 38(2)Gardens of the Hesperides,C. 149-154Gáthás (gä´täs̟),463Gautama (gou´tȧ-mȧ). SeeBuddhaĠe. SeeGæaandEarthĠel´lĭ-us, reference to,60Ġem´ĭ-nī. SeeTyndaridæĠe´nius, the Roman tutelary spirit,62,181Ḡĕr´da,387Geri (ḡā'rē),374German heroes, myths, and lays,2,405-409;C. 283-288, 301German mythology, narrative of,405-409;records of,448,460,461;translations and authorities,C. 283-288Ḡĕr´nṓt,407Geryon (je´rĭ-ŏn), son of Chrysaor and Callirrhoë,219Giallar (ḡĭäl´lär),395Giants, Greek (Ġī-gan´tēs̟),2,5;war of,7,8,159;interpretation of,440;C. 8Giants, Norse,373,376,412Gibichungs (ḡē'biG-ŏŏngs̟),426-429Ginnungagap (ḡin´nōōn-gä-gäp´),373Giselher (ḡē'zel-hĕr),407Giuki (ḡĭū'kē),403Gladsheim (gläts´hām or gläts´hīm),374Glau´çē (or Cre-ū´sa),235;C. 163-167(Interpret.)Glau´cus, formerly a fisherman of Bœotia, afterward a sea-god,58,204;C. 142.Sometimes confused in mythology with the following:Glau´cus of Corinth, son of Sisyphus and father of Bellerophon,200,201,214Glau´cus, grandson of Bellerophon, in the Trojan War,280,290Gleipnir (glāp´nēr),378Glis´ten-heath,401Glyptothek (glip-to-tāk´) at Munich, of King Louis I of Bavaria; one of the finest collections of ancient statuary in the worldGnossus (nos´us), Cnosus, Cnossus, the ancient capital of Crete; home of Minos,256Gods, the Egyptian. SeeEgyptian divinitiesGods, the great, of Greece, origin of,4,8;home of,18;enumerated,19;number of, discussed by Gladstone,C. 23;attributes of gods of Olympus,19-41;lesser divinities of Olympus,35-41;Greek gods of the earth,42-46;Greek gods of the underworld,47-54;Greek gods of the waters,55-58;gods common to Greece and Italy,59;distinctively Roman,59-63;derived from the Etruscans,63;myths of the great Greek divinities of heaven,64-151;of earth,152-158;of earth and underworld,159-168;of waters,169-171;of lesser divinities of heaven,172-180;of lesser divinities of earth and underworld,181-197;of lesser divinities of waters,198-205;C. 22, 23Gods, the Hindu. SeeHindu divinitiesGods, the Norse,373-397Golden Age, the,10,11,59,366;C. 10-15Golden Ass, the,457Golden Fleece, quest of,206,229-233,455;C. 163-167Gol´ġī, a city of Cyprus, beloved by Venus,253Gor´dĭ-an Knot (Gor´dĭ-us),C. 113Gor´gons (Sthe´no, Eu-ry´ȧ-lē, Me-dū´sa), described,57;C. 149-154.SeeMedusaGoth´land, Goths,398,399Graces, Gratiæ (gra´shĭ-ē), [-C]hăr´ĭ-tēs̟,30,31,40,69,181;attributes of, and names,36;lines by Spenser on the Graces,36,37;C. 38(3)Græ´æ, Gray-women (Di´no, Pe-phre´do, E-ny´o), described,57;and Perseus,209;C. 149-154