AAbernethy, Clark & Co., builders of steamers on Columbia,236Abernethy, George, first Provisional Governor,194Adams, Mount, origin of, in Indian myth,22-24;elevation of,358;caves of,359;sport in vicinity,360;structure of,361-362;storm on,364;ascent of,365-366;views from,366-368Aguilar, Martin, Spanish explorer,44-45Ainsworth, J. C., first captain of steamerLot Whitcomb,235;joins new company,237;skill in running rapids,243Albatross, ship connected with Winship enterprise,109-11American Board of Foreign Missions undertakes work for Oregon Indians,145Applegate, Jesse, disasters of family on Columbia River,174;extract from pioneer address,178Armstrong, Capt. F. P., trip on Kootenai River,280-281Arrow Lakes, steamboat journey on,292;scenery of,293et seq.Arteaga, voyage on the Alaskan coast,55Astor, John Jacob, founder of Pacific Fur Co.,89;establishes company at Astoria,113;his plans and mistakes,115-116Astoria, founding of,120;restored to United States,125,182;amplitude of harbour,389;scenery of surroundings,390;industries of,390-391;fishing fleets,392;resorts adjoining,393Astoria and Columbia River Railroad,362BBaker, Dr. D. S., railroad builder,363-364Baker, D. S., the steamer, running the Dalles,243Bailey Gatzert, steamer on Columbia River,248Balch, Frederick, his story,The Bridge of the Gods,22Bancroft, H. H., discussion of loss ofTonquin,203Banff, attraction as a resort,274Bannock Indian War,233Barlow, S. K., building road across Cascade Mountains,176Barrell, Joseph, originator of fur company at Boston,102Bassett, W. F., first gold discovery in Idaho,253Bateaux, description of,134Baughman, Capt., pilot on Columbia and Snake Rivers,241Beaver, vessel of the Pacific Fur Company,123-124Beaver, first steamship on Columbia River,235Beers, Alanson, members of Executive Committee of Provisional Government,194“Beeswax Ship,” story of,41-42Behring, Vitus, explorations on Pacific Coast,50-51Belcher, Sir Edward, expedition to Columbia River,164Belle, steamer on Columbia River,236Benton, Thomas H., expressions in regard to Oregon,187;special advocate for Oregon,197Bishop, B. B., steamboat builder on Columbia River,235Blakeney, Capt., in charge of steamerIsabelon Upper Columbia,278Blalock, Dr. N. G., connection with large enterprises,328Blanchet, Rev. F. N., book on Catholic Missions,154;journey to Oregon,155;locates in Willamette Valley,155Blanchet, Rev. Magloire, Catholic Mission at Walla Walla,157Boas, Dr. Franz, investigator of Indian legends,35Bodega, first voyage,51;later voyage,55Bonneville, Capt. E. L. E., organises trading company,161;makes explorations on Columbia River,162;meets Washington Irving,162Bradford, Daniel, steamboat building on Columbia River,235Bradford & Co., steamboat line on Columbia River,236Broughton, Lieut. W. R., in command of theChatham,62;entrance of Columbia River and exploration,66-67;erroneous statements,67-68Buchanan, James, course in regard to boundary of Oregon,199Bullfinch, account of American fur-trade,101Burnett, Peter, speech to immigrants,169;governor of California,170;opinion in regard to Provisional Government,195CCabinet Rapids,321Cabrillo, navigator on coast of California,43Calhoun, John C., attitude on Oregon question,186;peculiar situation of,198-199Cameahwait, chief of Shoshone Indians, meeting with Lewis and Clark party,77;finding Sacajawea,78Canadian boatmen, their skill and gayety,132-133Canadian Pacific Railroad, route of, over Rocky Mts.,274;over Selkirks,285-286;excellence of management,288;steamboats on lakes,292Canadian Rockies, character of, and steepness of descent,275Canoes,133Cape Horn,349Carolina, steamer crossing Columbia Bar,235Cascades, a dividing line,340;historic and physical interest of,340;locks,341;first notice of tide,341;fish-wheels and spearmen,342Cascade Mountains, general description,12-13;the great peaks,13-14;valleys on east side,14;valleys on west side,15-16;cleft by Columbia River,333Cass, Senator, speech in regard to Oregon,199Castle Rock, unique appearance,343;ascents of,344;cave and arrowheads,346Catlin, George, account of Indians who sought “Book of Life,”138Cayuse War, beginning,210;ending,212Celiast, Indian woman,34Champoeg, meetings for Provisional Government,192-193Chelan Lake, type of Columbian lakes,298;first appearance,299;glacial origin,300;depth of cañon,300;comparison with other scenes,300-301;storms on,301-302;sunset on,303Chemeketa, the Indian council ground,142Chinook wind, legend of,24-27Chittenden, Major H. M., book on American fur-trade,203Choteau, Pierre and Auguste, founding of St. Louis,108Christian Advocate, account of Indians looking for “Book of Life,”137Clark, William, lieutenant of exploring party,73;Indians think him “medicine man,”82;Indians looking for “Book of Life,”136-137Clarke, Gen. N. S., in command of Columbia,224Clatsop Plains, favourite resort of Indians,34Clay, Henry, attitude on Oregon question,186Coe, Capt. Lawrence, building steamerColonel Wright,235;account of first trip on upper Columbia and Snake Rivers,243-244Cœur d’Alene, Lake, as a resort,297;its mines,298Colleges founded as result of missions,157Colonel Wright, the steamer, on upper Columbia,235;makes first trip on upper rivers,243-244Columbia Basin, forces that wrought it,6-7;general description,10-15;climate,17-18Columbia River, many names,3;early attracts attention,4;connection with Kootenai River,11;tomanowas bridge,21;damming at Cascades,21-22;discovery by Heceta,55;discovered and named by Robert Gray,64;results of discovery,65;first navigation by Lewis and Clark party,82;falls passed by party,83;submerged forests,84;descent by Lewis and Clark,84-85;first sight by Hunt’s party,95;Tonquinon bar,117;forts on,129-131;crossing of Bar by the ship,L’Indefatigable,156;descent by immigrants of 1843,172-174;description of Bar by Provost,184;massacres upon, by Indians,221;steamboat business,239et seq.;first steamboats on lower part,235;on upper part,243;railroads along,261-262;navigability of,266;prospective traffic of,267-269;character above Golden,278et seq.;character below Golden,285;lakes of,291et seq.;from Robson to Kettle Falls,296;from Kettle Falls to Wenatchee,298;rapids and shores from Wenatchee to Pasco,321;irrigating enterprises,323-324;between Pasco and The Dalles,328-329;canal,330;section beginning at The Dalles,234-236;peculiar character at Cascades,239;tomanowas bridge,340;compared with other scenes,350;appearance below Rooster Rock,374;between Portland and the ocean,387-389;farewell to,396Columbia River Navigation Co.,237Columbia, the steamer, on River,235Condon, Professor Thomas, geological theories,5Cook, Capt. James, journey on Oregon coast,55;death,56Cortereal, Gaspar, Straits of Anian,43Coxe, account of fur-trade,100Coyote god, fight with Kamiah monster,19-21Coyote Head,337Crooks, Ramsay, partner of Pacific Fur Co.,89;hard experience with Indians,96Culliby Lake,42Cultee, Charley, Indian story teller,35Curry, Governor, calling for volunteers,221DDalles, The, historical interest of,330;varied resources of,330-331;scenery,331Day, John, treatment by Indians and death,96-97Dayton, Congressman, expressions about Oregon,187Dawson, Professor, explanation of sources of Columbia,278De Haro at Nootka,55De May in battle of Pine Creek,227Demers, Rev. Modest, missionary to Indians,155De Smet, Rev. Pierre J., books on Catholic missions,154;in Northern Idaho,155;in Europe for reinforcements,156;crossing Bar,156Disoway, G. P., account of Indians who sought “Book of Life,”137Dixson, figures on profits of fur-trade,102Donation Land Law attracts immigration,177Dorion, Madame, desperate situation in Blue Mountains,126Drake, Francis, explorations,44EEagle, steamer above Cascades,235;rescuing victims of Indian war,236Edwards, Rev. P. L., associate missionary,141Eells, Rev. Cushing, missionary to Oregon Indians,151;locating at Tshimakain,152Elliott, S. G., first railroad surveys,259England, difficulty with Spain over Nootka Sound,62FFarnham, T. J., in command of Peoria party,164;history of Oregon and California,164Ferrelo, explorations on the coast,43Field, mountain resort,276Fiske, Wilbur, leading missionary movements,140Florida Treaty with Spain,184Fonte, extravagant stories,46Fort Clatsop built by Lewis and Clark,85France, assistance to American colonies,50Franchère, Gabriel, history of Pacific Fur Co.,118;founding of Astoria,120;account of destruction ofTonquin,203Fuca, Juan de,44Fur-trade, beginnings,56-57;on Oregon coast,60-61;connection with discoveries,89;historical importance,99;financial profits of,103GGale, Joseph, building ofStar of Oregon,166;sails to California,167;on Executive Committee of Provisional Government,194Gale, William, on shipAlbatross,109;extract from journal,113Galiano, voyage around Vancouver Island,55Garnett, Major, in Yakima War,225Gaston, Lieutenant, in battle of Pine Creek,226Gervais, Joseph, location in Oregon,142Ghent, Treaty of,182Gilliam, Cornelius, in Cayuse War,201Glacier, Canadian resort,286-287Glacier Lake,310Glacier Peak,311Golden on Columbia River,277Grande Ronde Valley, first view by Hunt Party,94Grant, Captain, attempting to keep back American immigration,171Gray, Capt. Robert, in command ofLady Washington,60;as a fur-trader,61;discovers Columbia River,64Gray, W. H., history of Oregon,147;characteristics,149;four sons,149;estimate of population,188;in Provisional Government,190-191;steamboat enterprises,241;adventure on Snake River241Gray, Capt. Wm. P., story of ascent of Snake River,241;trip down Snake River,247Great Britain, claims to Oregon,180-181HHalhaltlossot, or Lawyer,151Hallakallakeen (Joseph), summer camp,297Hard winter of 1861,257Hassalo, the steamer,235-237Hassalo, No. 2,248Hathaway, Felix, building schooner,Star of Oregon,166Heceta, first voyage,51;discovery of Columbia River,52-54Henry, Andrew, trading post on Snake River,108-109Hickey, Capt. F., at restoration of Astoria,125Hill, David, on Executive Committee of Provisional Government,194Hill, J. J., railroad builder,262Holladay, Ben, president of Oregon Central Railroad,259Holmes, Oliver W., quotation,275Hood, Mount, origin of, in Indian myth,22-24;first appearance of,333;elevation,354;approach to,354;Cloud Cap Inn,355;view from,356;historic character of view,357;appearance from La Camas,376Hood River and Valley, appearance and productions of,238Howard, General O. O., in Nez Percé War of 1877,230;description of Joseph,231Hudson’s Bay Company, organisation of,104;joined with North-western Fur Co.,107;forts,128et seq.;boats and boatmen,131-134;policy toward Americans,150-153;attitude toward Provisional Government,192,195;treatment of Dr. McLoughlin,196Hunt, Wilson P., forms land division of Pacific Fur Co.,89;leader in journey,92et seq.IIdaho, name of,32;reached by Lewis and Clark,79-81;first steamboat,235;gold discoveries,252et seq.;university,315;irrigation systems,317Illecillewaet River,287Immigration of 1843, beginnings,168;at Fort Hall,171;constructing flatboats on Columbia,173;disasters on River,174-175;succoured by Dr. McLoughlin,176;settlement in Willamette Valley,176Indians, sad history,18;myths,19et seq.;names,31-32;traders in furs,103Indians’, the three Nez Percé, quest for the “Book of Life,”139Indian War of 1855, beginning,219;battle at Walla Walla,221;unsatisfactory end,224Indian War of 1858,225et seq.Inland Empire, origin,6;general description,14Intelligencer, National, expressions in regard to Oregon,187Irving, Washington, author ofAstoria,113JJason P. Flint, steamer on Columbia,235Jefferson, Thomas, connection with Pacific Coast,69-70;organisation of Lewis and Clark expedition,72-73;instructions to party,74Jenny Clark, steamer on Willamette,236Jetty, at mouth of River, construction,395;prospective results,396Joint Occupation Treaty,134Joseph, Indian chief, in Walla Walla council,217-218Joseph (Hallakallakeen), in great war of 1877,229;captured,231;later life and character,232Joseph War of 1877,229et seq.KKamiah monster, myth of,19-21Kamiakin, Yakima chief,213;at Walla Walla Council,214;conspiracy to kill Governor Stevens,216;description of by Stevens,216;breaking up of treaties,218;new force of warriors,220;apparent success,224Kamm, Jacob, engineer on steamerLot Whitcomb,235Keith, J., at restoration of Astoria,125Kelley, Hall J., home and character,159;expedition to California and Oregon,160;return to New England,161Kelley, Col. J. K., in battle of the Walla Walla,221Kendrick, Capt. John, in command of theColumbia Rediviva,60;in fur-trade,61Kettle Falls, historic interest,296Kennewick,227Kicking Horse River (Wapta), origin of name,277Kilbourne, Ralph, builder ofStar of Oregon,166Kimooenim River, or Snake River, first view by Lewis and Clark party,81Kip, Lieutenant, account of Walla Walla Council,214-215Klickitat Indians, legends,28-30;atrocities of, at Cascades,221