A.Accent, or emphasis, wrong placing of, a fault in modern tunes, ii. 345.Accidentsat sea, how to guard against, ii. 172.Adams, Mr. Matthew, offers the use of his library to Franklin, i. 16.Addison, Franklin an assiduous imitator of, in his youth, i. 13.Adviceto youth in reading, ii. 378.to emigrants to America, iii.398.to a crafty statesman,430.to a young tradesman,463.to a young married man,477.to players at chess,490.Æpinus, his hypothesis of magnetism, i. 412.Agriculturetakes place of manufactures till a country is fully settled, iii.107.the great business of America,393.Air, some of the properties of, ii. 226.its properties with respect to electricity, i. 204.properties of its particles, 205. ii. 1.its currents over the globe, i. 207.resists the electric fluid and confines it to bodies, 241.its effects in electrical experiments, 253.its elasticity not affected by electricity, 254.its friction against trees, 270, 323.has its share of electricity, 333.its electricity denser above than below, 335.in rooms, electrified positively and negatively, 353.attracts water, ii. 1.when saturated with water precipitates it, 2.dissolves water, and, when dry, oil, 4.why suffocating, when impregnated with oil or grease,ibid.supports water, 5, 46, 49.why less heated in the higher regions than near the earth's surface, 6.how it creates hurricanes,ibid.winds, 8.whirlwinds, 10.effects of heat upon, 50.its effects on the barometer, 92.condensed, supposed to form the centre of the earth, 119, 127.noxious, corrected by vegetation, 129.observations on the free use of, 213.rare, no bad conductor of sound, 337.fresh, beneficial effects of, in bed-rooms, iii.495.Air-thermometer, electrical, experiments with, i. 336.Albanyplan of union, short account of, i. 127.its singular fate, 129.papers relating to, iii.3.motives on which formed,4.rejects partial unions,6.its president and grand council,9.election of members,12.place of first meeting,13.new election,ibid.proportion of members after three years,15.meetings of the grand council and call,16.allowance to members,17.power of president and his duty,18.treaties of peace and war,ibid.Indian trade and purchases,19.new settlements,21.military establishments,23.laws and taxes,24,26.issuing of money,25.appointment of officers,27.rejected in England,29.Almanack.SeePoor Richard.Alphabet, a new one proposed, ii. 357.examples of writing in it, 360.correspondence on its merits, 361.Amber, electrical experiments on, i. 403.America, North, air of, drier than that of England and France, ii. 140.why marriages are more frequent there than in Europe, 385.why labour will long continue dear there,ibid.argument against the union of the colonies of, under one government, 401.state of toleration there, 457.reflections on the scheme of imposing taxes on, without its consent, iii.30.thoughts on the representation of, in the British parliament,37.interest of Great Britain with regard to,39.forts in the back settlements of, no security against France,99.wars carried on there against the French, not merely in the cause of the colonies,105.preference of the colonies of, to the West Indian colonies,113.great navigable rivers of, favourable to inland trade,118.what commodities the inland parts of, are fitted to produce,119.the productions of, do not interfere with those of Britain,123.union of the colonies of, in a revolt against Britain, impossible but from grievous oppression,132.reasons given for restraining paper-bills of credit there,144.intended scheme of a bank there, described,155.attempts of Franklin for conciliation of Britain with,286.feeling of, as to Britain, in May 1775,346.conciliation of Britain with, hopeless,355.account of the first campaign of the British forces against,357.application of, to foreign courts, for aid in its independence,360.credit of, with that of Britain, in 1777, compared,372.true description of the interest and policy of,391.information to those emigrating thither,398.terms on which land may be obtained for new settlements there,409.Americans, their prejudices for whatever is English, i. 144.Anchor, a swimming one proposed, ii. 181, 185.Ancients, their experimental learning too often slighted, ii. 146.Anecdoteof Franklin's early spirit of enterprise, i. 11.of a Swedish clergyman among the Indians, iii.386.of an Indian who went to church,389.Animalfood, Franklin's abstinence from, i. 20.return to, 47.humorous instance of abstinence from, 49.heat, whence it arises, ii. 79, 125.magnetism, detected and exposed, i. 150.Animalcules, supposed to cause the luminous appearance of sea-water, ii. 89.Animals, how to kill them by electricity, i. 415.Antifederalistsof America, comparison of, to the ancient Jews, iii.410.Apprenticeseasier placed out in America than in Europe, iii.407.indentures of, how made in America,408.Argumentation, bad effects of, as a habit, i. 17.best method of, 22.Armies, best means of supporting them, ii. 400.Armonica, musical instrument so called, described, ii. 330.manner of playing on it, 334.Asbestos, specimen of, sold by Franklin to Sir Hans Sloane, i. 60.letter relating to it, iii.513.Astrology, letter to the Busy-body on, iii.448.Atmospheresometimes denser above than below, ii. 6.electrical, its properties, i. 294.Aurora borealisexplained, i. 212.conjectures respecting, 257, ii. 69.query concerning, i. 293.B.Badoin, Mr. letters from, i. 314, 324.Ballads, two, written by Franklin in his youth, i. 16.Ballsof fire in the air, remark concerning, ii. 337.Barometer, how acted on by air, ii. 92.Barrelsfor gunpowder, new sort proposed, i. 376.Bass, unnecessary in some tunes, ii. 343.Bathingrelieves thirst, ii. 104.observations on, 211.Battery, electrical, its construction, i. 193.Baxter, Mr. observations on his enquiry into the nature of the soul, ii. 110.Beccaria, character of his book on electricity, i. 310.Beer, not conducive to bodily strength, i. 62.Bells, form in consecrating them at Paris, i. 384.Belly-ache, dry, lead a cause of, ii. 220.Bermuda, little thunder there, i. 216.Bermudiansloops, advantages of their construction, ii. 173.Bernoulli, Mr. his plan for moving boats, ii. 179.Bevis, Dr. draws electricity from the clouds, i. 429.Bible, anecdote of its concealment in the reign of Mary, i. 7.travestied by Dr. Brown, 31.Billsof mortality, reasonings, formed on those for capital cities, not applicable to the country, ii. 383.Birth, noble, no qualification in America, iii.400.Bishops, none in America, and why, ii. 456, 458.Black clothesheat more and dry sooner than white, ii. 108.not fit for hot climates, 109.Blacksmith, trade of, hereditary in Franklin's family, i. 4.Blindnessoccasioned both by lightning and electricity, i. 228.Boats, difference of their sailing in shoal and deep water, ii. 160.management of, best understood by savages, 176.how rowed by the Chinese, 177.methods of moving them by machinery,ibid.improvement of Mr. Bernoulli's plan for moving them, 179.proposal for a new mode of moving them,ibid.double, advantage of, 173, 174.one built by Sir W. Petty,ibid.Bodies, electrified negatively, repel each other, ii. 294.effect of blunt, compared with pointed ones, i. 172, 223.Body, human, specifically lighter than water, ii. 208.political and human, compared, iii.115.Boerhaave, his opinion of the propagation of heat, ii. 58.of steam from fermenting liquors, 59.Boilingwater, experiments with, i. 332, 344, 345.pot, bottom of, why cold, 387.Bolton, Mr. experiment by, i. 346.Booksread by Franklin in his youth, i. 15, 18, 20, 21.Boston, the birth-place of Franklin, i. 8.why quitted by him in his youth, 27,its inhabitants decrease, ii. 210.preface to proceedings of the town meeting of, iii.317.Boyle'slectures, effect of, on Franklin, i. 79.Braddock, general, defeat of, i. 131.Bradford, printer at Philadelphia, i. 34, 102.Brass, hot, yields unwholesome steams, ii. 249Brientnal, Joseph, a member of the Junto club, i. 83.Brimstone, when fluid, will conduct electricity, i. 256.Bristol waters, an alledged fact concerning, ii. 95.Britain, incapacity of, to supply the colonies with manufactures, ii. 386.British empire, an union of several states, iii.310.Brown, Dr. acquaintance of Franklin's, i. 30.travestied the bible, 31.Bubbleson the surface of water, hypothesis respecting, ii. 48.Buchan, earl of, letter to, on the price of land for new settlements in America, iii.409.Buildings, what kind safest from lightning, i. 379.Bullion, causes of its variation in price, iii.153.Bunyan'sVoyages, a book early read by Franklin, i. 15, 28.Bur, cause of, round a hole struck through pasteboard, i. 280.Burnet, governor, his attention to Franklin in his youth, i. 44.Busy-body, essays under the title of, i. 86. iii.422.C.Cabinet-work, veneered in England, shrinks and flies in America, ii. 140.Cables, why apt to part when weighing anchor in a swell, ii. 167.this defect of, remedied, 168.Cabot, Sebastian, his commission from Henry VII., iii.348.Calvinism, Franklin educated in the principles of, i. 79.Campaignin America, account of the first, iii.357.Canals, observations on their depth, ii. 159.Canada, importance of, to England, i. 136.visited by Franklin, 147.its extent, iii.20.pamphlet on the importance of,89.easily peopled without draining Britain,139.Cancers, specific for, i. 260, 261.Candleslighted by electricity, i. 176.distance at which the flame of, may be seen, ii. 90.Cann, silver, a singular experiment on, i. 307.Canoesof the American Indians, their advantages, ii. 176.Canton, Mr. John, experiments by, i. 286, 346.draws electricity from the clouds, 428.Capitals, their use in printing, ii. 352.Caribbees, possession of, only a temporary benefit, iii.142.Carolina, South, seeLightning.Cavendish, lord Charles, his electrical experiments, i. 348.Cayennewould be a great acquisition to Britain, iii.140.Centreof the earth, hypothesis concerning, ii. 119, 127.Cessionsfrom an enemy, on what grounds may be demanded, iii.93.Chapel, nickname for a printing house, i. 63.Character, remarks on the delineation of, iii.445.Charcoal-fires, hurtful, ii. 235.Chargingand discharging, in electricity, explained, i. 190.a number of bottles at once, how done,ibid.Chartersof the colonies could not be altered by parliament, iii.332.Chess, morals of, iii.488.not an idle amusement,ibid.teaches various virtues,489.advice to those who play,490.too intense an application to, injurious,500.Chimnies, different kinds of, enumerated, ii. 228.inconvenience of the old-fashioned ones, 229.defect of more modern ones, 230.have not long been in use in England, 277.Staffordshire, described, 285.have a draft of air up and down, 289.may be used for keeping provisions in summer, 290.may be of use to miners, 291.funnels to, what the best, 292, 295.method of contracting them, 317.smoky. SeeSmoky.China, provision made there against famine, ii. 407.Chinesewisely divide the holds of their vessels by partitions, ii. 171.how they row their boats, 177.their method of warming ground floors, 292.improvement in this method suggested, 293.their method of making large paper, 349.Circle, magical, account of, ii. 327, 328.Cities, spring water gradually deteriorates in, i. 163.do not supply themselves with inhabitants, ii. 384.Clark, Dr. of Boston, quoted, on the instigation of the American Indians against the English, iii.95,100,102.Clothes, wet, may preserve from lightning, i. 213.will relieve thirst, ii. 104.do not give colds,ibid.imbibe heat according to their colour, 108.white, most suitable for hot climates,ibid.Clothingdoes not give, but preserves, warmth, ii. 81.Clouds, at land and at sea, difference between, i. 207.formed at sea, how brought to rain on land, 208.driven against mountains, form springs and rivers, 209.passing different ways, accounted for, 211.electrical, attracted by trees, spires, &c. 213.manner in which they become electrised, 257, 305.are electrised sometimes negatively and sometimes positively, 274, 277, 284, 292.electricity drawn from them, at Marly, 420.by Mr. Cauton, 428.by Dr. Bevis, 429,by Mr. Wilson,ibid.how supported in air, ii. 5.how formed, 7.whether winds are generated or can be confined in them, 57.have little more solidity than fogs,ibid.Club, called the Junto, instituted by Franklin, i. 82.rules of, ii. 366, 369.questions discussed in, 369.Coal, sea, letter on the nature of, ii. 128.Cold, why seemingly greater in metals than in wood, ii. 56, 77.sensation of, how produced, 57.only the absence of heat, 81.produced by chemical mixtures,ibid.evaporation. SeeEvaporation.Colden, Mr. his remarks on Abbé Nollet's letters, i. 430.meteorological observations, ii. 51.observations on water-spouts, 53.Colds, causes of, ii. 214, 230.Coleman, William, a member of the Junto club, i. 84, 89.Colica pictorum, caused by lead, ii. 219.Collins, John, an early friend of Franklin's, i. 17, 27, 41, 43, 44.Collinson, Mr. some account of, iii.514.Colonialgovernments in America of three kinds, iii.50.Colonies, the settlement of, does not diminish national numbers, ii. 391.their prosperity beneficial to the mother country, iii.113.are intitled to distinct governments,303.American, preferable to the West Indies,ibid.not dangerous to Britain,132.aids to government, how given by,225,226.originally governed by the crown, independent of Parliament,291.not settled at the expence of Britain,348.Colonistsin America, double their number in 25 years, iii.113.from Britain, their rights,299.Colours.SeeClothes.Comazants, or corposants, are electrical appearances, i. 248.Commerce, influence of, on the manners of a people, ii. 400.is best encouraged by being left free, 415.should not be prohibited in time of war, 417.by inland carriage, how supported, iii.116.Common-sense, by Paine, Franklin supposed to have contributed to, i. 148.Compass, instances of its losing its virtue by lightning, i. 248.how to remedy the want of, at sea, ii. 191.Conductorsof lightning, very common in America, i. 113.first suggestion of the utility of, 227.construction of, 358.particulars relating to, 377.of electricity, difference in the action of, 200, 303.which the most perfect, 253, 256.and non-conductors, other terms substituted for,ibid.of common fire, their properties and differences, ii. 76, 77.experiments on, ii. 77.Congress, Franklin appointed a delegate to, i. 146.proposed overture from, in 1775, iii.347.Consecrationof bells in France, form of, i. 384.Conspirators, electrical, meaning of the term, i. 196.Controversy, benefit of, iii.92.Conversation, advantage of useful topics of, at dinner, i. 12.Cook, captain, circular letter concerning, iii.515.copy of the voyages of, presented to Franklin, by the Admiralty,517.Cookery, at sea, generally bad, ii. 194.Copper, manner of covering houses with, ii. 318, 320, 322.Copperplate printing-press, the first in America, constructed by Franklin, i. 77.Corn, ill policy of laying restraints on the exportation of, ii. 413, 418.Countries, distant and unprovided, a plan for benefiting, ii. 403.Creation, conjectures as to, ii. 118.Credit, that of America and Britain in 1777, compared, iii.372.depends on payment of loans,373.industry and frugality,374.public spirit,375.income and security,376.prospects of future ability,ibid.prudence,377.character for honesty,378.is money to a tradesman,464.Criminallaws, reflections on, ii. 439.Crookeddirection of lightning explained, i. 316.Cutler, circumstance that prevented Franklin's being apprenticed to one, i. 14.Currentsat sea, often not perceivable, ii. 185.Cyder, the best quencher of thirst, ii. 195.D.Dalrymple, Mr. scheme of a voyage under his command to benefit remote regions, ii. 403.Dampair, why more chilling than dry air that is colder, ii. 56, 77.Dampier, account of a water-spout by, ii. 33.references to his voyage, on the subject of water-spouts, 58.Dampnesson walls, cause of, ii. 50.Day-light, proposal to use it instead of candle-light, iii.470.Deacon, Isaac, from an underling to a surveyor, becomes inspector-general of America, i. 78.prognosticates the future eminence in life of Franklin,ib.Deathof Franklin, i. 153.letter from Dr. Price on, iii.541.of relatives, reflections on,507.Deism, effects on Franklin of books written against, i. 79.Deluge, accounted for, ii. 127.Denham, a quaker, a friend of Franklin's, i. 54.extraordinary trait of honesty of, to his creditors,67.Franklin's engagement with, as a clerk,68, 70.Denmark, the people of, not subject to colds, ii. 244.Denny, governor, remarks on his official conduct in Pensylvania, iii.170.Desaquiliers, his experiment on the vapour of hot iron, ii. 249.Dew, how produced, i. 207.Dialogue, between Franklin and the gout, iii.499.Dickenson, Mr. his remarks on the views of England in framing laws over the colonies, iii.234.remarks on his conduct,192.on his protest,202.Discontenteddispositions satirized, iii. 485.Discontentsin America before 1768, causes of, iii.225.Dissentionsbetween England and America, letter on, iii.310.Dissertation, early one of Franklin's, that he repented having written, i. 58.Disputation, modesty in, recommended, i. 21. ii. 317.Disputesbetween Franklin and his brother, to whom he was apprenticed, i. 24.Domien, a traveller, short account of, i. 302.Drawling, a defect in modern tunes, ii. 345.Dreams, art of procuring pleasant ones, iii.493.Dumas, Monsieur, letter to, on the aid wanted by America in her struggle for independence, iii.360.Dunariver, not to be confounded with the Dwina, iii.119, note.Dust, how raised and carried up into the air, ii. 3.Duties, moral, the knowledge of, more important than the knowledge of nature, ii. 95.Dutchiron stove, advantages and defects of, ii. 233.E.Earlyimpressions, lasting effect of, on the mind, iii.478.Earthwill dissolve in air, ii. 2.dry, will not conduct electricity, i. 206.the, sometimes strikes lightning into the clouds, 274.grows no hotter under the summer sun, why, ii. 86.different strata of, 116.theory of, 117.Earthquakes, general good arising from, ii. 116.how occasioned, 120, 128.Eaton, in Northamptonshire, residence of Franklin's family, i. 3.Ebband flood, explanation of the terms, ii. 100.Economicalproject, iii.469.Edinburgh, an ordinance there against the purchase of prize-goods, ii. 447.Educationof women, controversy respecting, i. 17.Eel, electrical, of Surinam, i. 408, 409.Effluviaof drugs, &c. will not pass through glass, i. 243.Electricalair-thermometer described, i. 336,et seq.atmosphere, how produced, 221.how drawn off, 222.atmospheres repel each other, 294.repel electric matter in other bodies,ib.battery, its construction, 193.clouds, experiment regarding, 229.death, the easiest, 307.experiments, Franklin's eager pursuit of, 104.made in France, 109.various, 182, 229, 254, 255, 261, 271, 278, 286, 294, 307, 327, 337, 348, 371, 434.fire, not created by friction, but collected, 173.passes through water, 202.loves water and subsists in it, 203.diffused through all matter, 205visible on the surface of the sea,ibid.its properties and uses, 214,et seq.produces common fire, 214, 238, 356.has the same crooked direction as lightning, 315.fluid, its beneficial uses, 219.is strongly attracted by glass, 236.manner of its acting through glass hermetically sealed, 241.a certain quantity of, in all kinds of matter, 275.nature of its explosion, 280.chooses the best conductor, 281, 378.force, may be unboundedly increased, 251.horse-race, 334.jack for roasting, 197.kiss, its force increased, 177.kite, described, 268.machine; simple and portable one, described, 178.matter, its properties, 217, 294.party of pleasure, 202.phial, or Leyden bottle, its phenomena explained, 179.shock, observations on, 182.effects of a strong one on the human body, 297, 306.spark, perforates a quire of paper, 195.wheel, its construction, 196.self-moving one, 198.Electricity, summary of its progress, i. 104.positive and negative, discovered, 106.distinguished, 175.in a tourmalin, 370.does not affect the elasticity of the air, 254.its similarity to lightning, 288.its effects on paralysis, 401.of fogs in Ireland, 405.supposed affinity between, and magnetism, 410.Electrics per seand non-electrics, difference between, i. 242, 258.Electrifiedbumpers described, i. 203.Electrisation, what constitutes the state of, i. 218.various appearances of, 175.variety of, 176.Electrisingone's self, manner of, i. 174.Elocution, how best taught, ii. 374.Embassadorfrom the United States to France, Franklin appointed to the office of, i. 148.Emblematicaldesign illustrative of the American troubles, iii.371.Emigrantsto America, advice to, iii.398.Empire, rules for reducing a great one, iii.334.England, Franklin's first arrival in, i. 55.second arrival in, as agent for the province of Pensylvania, 134.third arrival in, as agent for the same province, 141.its air moister than that of America, ii. 140.decrease of population in, doubtful, 296.English, effect of the ancient manners of, ii. 399.language, innovations in, 351.Enterprises, public, Franklin's early disposition for, i. 10.Ephemera, an emblem of human life, iii.508.Epitaphon Franklin's parents, i. 13.on himself, 155.Episcopalians, conduct of the American legislature towards, ii. 455.Errorsof Franklin's early life, i. 45, 58, 61, 80, 97.Ether, what, ii. 59.Evaporation, cold produced by, i. 344, ii. 76, 83, 85.of rivers, effects of, 106.Examinationof Franklin before the house of commons, i. 142, iii.245.before the privy council,328.further particulars of,551.Exchange, rate of, between Philadelphia and Britain, iii.252.Exercise, should precede meals, iii.493.Experiments, to show the electrical effect of points, i. 171, 172.to prove the electrical state of the Leyden phial, 182.of firing spirits by a spark sent through a river, 202.to show how thunder-storms produce rain, 209.on the clouds, proposed, 228.on drugs electrified, 243.on the elasticity of the air, 254.on the electric fluid, 255.by Mr. Kennersley, 261.on the electricity of the clouds, 271.for increasing electricity, 278.by Mr. Canton, 286.in pursuance of those of Mr. Canton, 294.on a silver cann, 307.on the velocity of the electric fluid, 327, 329, 330.for producing cold by evaporation, 344.on the different effects of electricity, 357.by lord Charles Cavendish, 348.on the tourmalin, 371.to show the utility of long pointed rods to houses, 389.on amber, 403et seq.on the Leyden phial, 434.on different coloured cloths, ii. 108, 109.on the sailing of boats, 160.Exportationof gold and silver, observations on, ii. 416.Exportsto North America and the West Indies, iii.127,128.