Acadians,205.Adams, Herbert B.,192.Adams, John, arrives in Paris,22;his indignation at the pusillanimous instructions from Congress,36;condemns the Cincinnati,116;tries in vain to negotiate commercial treaty with Great Britain,139–141;negotiates a treaty with Holland,155;obtains a loan there,156,157;his interview with the envoy from Tripoli,161;absent from the United States at the time of the Federal Convention,223;elected vice-president of the United States,348.Adams, Samuel, his devotion to local self-government,57,318;his committees of correspondence,92;opposes Washington's proposal for pensioning officers,106;but at length supports the Commutation Act,114;condemns the Cincinnati,116,118;approves the conduct of the Massachusetts delegates,143;opposes pardoning the ringleaders in the Shays insurrection,184;not a delegate to the Federal Convention,225;"the man of the town meeting,"318;in the Massachusetts convention,324,326–328;why not selected for the vice-presidency,347.Albany, riot in,339.Amendments to Constitution,302,330,338.Ames, Fisher,319,326,348.Amis, North Carolinian trader,210.Amphiktyonic council,249.Annapolis convention,216.Antagonisms between large and small states,244–252;between east and west,255;between north and south,256–267.Antifederalist party,309;in Pennsylvania,310;in Massachusetts,317,324;in South Carolina,334;in Virginia,335–337;in New York,340,341,346.Antipathies between states,62.Aranda, Count, his prophecy,19.Aristides, pseudonym,312.Aristocracy,283.Aristotle,225.Arkwright, Sir Richard,267.Armada, the Invincible,235.Armstrong, John,109,150.Army, dread of,105,321.Arnold, Benedict,28,106,151.Asbury, Francis,85.Ashburton, Lord,5.Ashburton treaty,26.Assemblies,65.Assunpink Creek,349.Augustine,158.Backus, Rev. Isaac,322.Bagehot, Walter,291.Baldwin, Abraham,251.Baltimore and Ohio Railroad,213.Baptists persecuted in Virginia,80.Barbary pirates,157–161.Barré, Isaac,41.Bedford, Gunning,249.Bennington,321.Bernard, Sir Francis,298.Biennial elections,327.Bill of rights demanded,329.Blackstone, Sir William,290,291,297.Bossuet on slavery,72.Boston Gazette, quoted,328.Boundaries of United States as settled by the treaty,25.Bowdoin, James,143,180–184,319,324.Boyd, Lieutenant,122.Braddock, Edward,305.Bradshaw's Railway Guide,171.Brearley, David,229,246.Bribery, charges of,328.British army departs,51.British Constitution compared with American,290–298.Buff and blue colours,2.Burgesses, House of, in Virginia,65.Burke, Ædanus,116.Burke, Edmund, his sympathy with the Americans,2;could not see the need for parliamentary reform,6;his invective against Shelburne,17;on the slave-trade,72.Butler, Pierce,258.Cabinet, the president's,299.Cabinet government, growth of, in England,296.Camden, Lord,5.Canada, Franklin suggests that it should be ceded to the United States,9,14.Carleton, Sir Guy,50,131.Carlisle, Pa., disturbances at,315.Carpet-bag governments,270.Carr, Dabney,92.Carrington, Edward,204,307.Carroll, Daniel,228.Carrying trade,163,263.Cartwright, Edmund,267.Catalonian rebels indemnified,29.Catholics in the United States,87.Cato, pseudonym,312.Cavendish, Lord John,5,16.Censors, council of, in Pennsylvania,150.Centinel, pseudonym,313.Cervantes, Miguel de,159.Charles II.,29.Chase, Samuel,322.Chatham, Lord,188.Cherry Valley,122.Chesapeake and Ohio Canal,213.Chittenden, Thomas,121.Cincinnati, order of the,114–118.Cincinnati, the city, original name of,197.Cincinnatus, pseudonym,312.Clan system,62.Clergymen in the Massachusetts convention,319;their liberal spirit,322.Cleveland, Grover, his tariff message,294.Clinton, George, favours persecution of Tories,123;an enemy to closer union of the states,145;defeats impost amendment,220;opposes the Constitution,340;entertains President Washington at dinner,350.Clinton, Sir Henry,322.Clymer, George,311.Coalition ministry,38–46.Cœur-de-Lion and Saladin,161.Coinage,165.Coke, Thomas,86.Columbia College,125.Commerce, control of, given to Congress,263.Common law in the United States,69.Commons, House of, in England,68,290–298;in North Carolina,65.Compromises of the Federal Constitution,250–267.Confederation, articles of,92–98.Congress, Continental, its instructions to the commissioners at Paris,35;its weakness,56,98,102–113,234;its anomalous character,92;its presidents,96;driven from Philadelphia by drunken soldiers,112;flees to Princeton,113;unable to enforce the provisions of the treaty,119–131,154;unable to regulate commerce,140–144;afraid to interfere openly in the Shays rebellion,185;passes ordinance for government of northwestern territory,203–206;refuses to recommend a convention for reforming the government,218;reconsiders its refusal,221;in some respects a diplomatic rather than a legislative body,237;its migrations,271,306;debates on the Constitution,307;submits it to the states,308;comes to an end,345.Congress, Federal, powers granted to,270;choice of president by,282–284;counting electoral votes in,284,285,289.Connecticut, government of,65;quarrels with New York and Pennsylvania,146–151;keeps almost entirely clear of paper money,172;western claims of,189,194;ratifies the Constitution,316.Connecticut compromise, the,250–255.Conservative character of the American Revolution,64.Constitution, emblematic federal ship,339,344.Convention, the Federal,154,222–305.Conway, Gen. Henry,5.Cooper, Dr. Myles,126.Cornwallis, Lord,22,51,349.Council, privy,299.Cowardice of American politicians,231.Crawford, William,51.Curtis, B.R.,276.Cutler, Manasseh,203.Dane, Nathan,204,217,307.Dayton, Jonathan,225,229.Debt, imprisonment for,173.Debts to British creditors,27,131.Delaware, government of,65;ratifies the Constitution,314.Democratic-Republican party,309.Dickinson, John,93,112,228,242,243,281,283,299,312.Dissolution of Parliament,298.Dollar, the Spanish,165.Dunmore, Lord,298.Election by lot,281;first presidential,346–348.Electoral college in Maryland,66;device adopted for choosing the president,281–287;its practical working,288.Elliot, Sir Gilbert,3.Ellsworth, Oliver,228,249,250,267,269,274,276,280,300.Embargo acts,142.Eminent domain,194.Episcopal church,77–85.Erie Canal,212,228.Executive, federal,241,277;length of term,279;how elected,279–285;corresponds to sovereign, not to prime minister,290,299.Exports not to be taxed,264,270."Federal," the word preferred to "national,"254.Federal city under federal jurisdiction,271,320."Federal Farmer" (letters by R.H. Lee),314.Federal Street in Boston,331."Federalist," the,235,341–343.Federalist party,238,309.Field, S.J.,275.Fisheries, question of,20,26,37,139,163.Fitzherbert, Alleyne,22,45.Florida surrendered by Great Britain to Spain,37;disputes about boundary of,208.Folkland,187,207.Fox, C.J., his sympathy with the Americans,2;quarrels with Shelburne,6,14;resigns,15;waywardness of his early career,16;coalition with North,38–42;mistake in opposing a dissolution,48.France, treaty of 1783 with Great Britain,37.Franklin, Benjamin, negotiates with Oswald,9;overruled by Jay and Adams,23;his arguments against compensating the loyalists,30;ridicules the Cincinnati,116;returns from France,138;in the Federal Convention,225,250,277,299,303,305;lays the Constitution before the Pennsylvania legislature,306;called a dotard by the Antifederalists,313.Franklin, state of,200,209.Frederick the Great, on republics,58.Free trade,4,134–139.French army embarks at Boston,51.Froissart,153.Frontier posts to be surrendered by Great Britain,51;why not surrendered,152.Fugitive slaves,206,267,333.Fur trade,132,164.Gadsden, C.,122,334.Gallatin, A.,125,134.Galloway, Joseph,248.Gardoqui, Diego,209.Gates, Horatio,108–111,180.George III. threatens to abdicate,3;his disgust at the coalition,44;rebuked by House of Commons,46;his personal government overthrown,48;hopes the Americans will repent of their folly,58,141;resists the movement for abolishing slave-trade,72;his personal government,297.Georgia takes the lead in making the judiciary elective,69;abandons that evil practice,69;issues paper money,169;ratifies the Constitution,316.Germaine, Lord George,39.Gerry, Elbridge,118,229,243,251,252,256,269,279,282,298,303,304,328,347.Gibbon, Edward,38,39.Gibraltar,17,36.Gladstone, W.E.,223,292,294.Gorham, Nathaniel,252,253,319.Governors, colonial, unpopularity of,67.Gower, Lord,44.Grafton, Duke of,5.Grantham, Lord,17.Granville, Lord,293.Grasse, Count, defeated by Rodney,12,13.Grayson, William,162,205,337.Green Dragon tavern,327.Greene, Nathanael,94,102,108,116,122,225.Grenville, Thomas,11.Guadaloupe,36.Guilford, Earl of,44.Half-pay controversy,106.Hamilton, Alexander, his early life,124–126;attacks the Trespass Act,128;calls for a federal convention,217;advocates the impost amendment,220;in the Federal Convention,225,226,243,244,246,249,254,279,303,304;on inconvertible paper,274;on the electoral college,287;called a boy by the Antifederalists,313;authorship of the "Federalist,"341–343;supports the Constitution in the New York convention,343,344;his financial measures,349.Hancock, John,104,184,318,319,330.Hannibal,158.Hargreaves, James,267.Harrington, James,64.Harrison, Benjamin,337.Hartington, Lord,293.Hartley, David,45.Hawks, F.L.,82.Heath, Gen. William,319.Henry, Patrick,80,225,331,335,336,347.Hint Club,169.Impost amendment,218–240.India bill,46.Insurrections, suppression of,269.Intercitizenship,94.Iroquois league,190.Irreconcilables in the Federal Convention,225,242,244,246,254.Isolation of states a century ago,62.Jay, John, thwarts Vergennes,21,35;tries to establish free trade between United States and Great Britain,26;condemns persecution of Tories,122;on compensation for slaves,132;consents to the closing of the Mississippi River for twenty-five years,210;why not sent as delegate to Federal Convention,225;supports the Constitution in New York convention,340;contributes articles to the "Federalist,"341;receives nine electoral votes for the vice-presidency,348.