Saccharum officinarum,246.Sachot, M. Octave, quoted,527.Sagalien, inhabitants of, described,579.Sago-palms, the, properties of,421.Sahara, the African, its physical aspects,123,124;mountains,127;oases, described,128,154;its peculiarity of aspect,151;area,151,152;climate of,155.Saiga, the, natural history of,66,67.Salsolaceæ, the, properties of,148.Salt Desert, the, character of.—SeeDeserts.Salt-wort, described,148.Samoiedes, the, history and character of,573-575.Sand, Deserts of.—SeeDeserts.Sand-hills of Brittany, the,32;their mode of formation,35;of Gascony,35;density and configuration,36,37;inland encroachments,37,38;their peculiar influence,38;of Africa,133,134.Santalum acuminatum,279.Sapucaya, or Monkey’s Nut, the, described,434.Sarcoramphus Papa, the, account of,354.Sarkha, Desert of,97.Sarmiento, Mount, California,598.Sarracenia, the, characters of,262.Sassafras laurel, the, described,261,262.Savacou, the, described,354.Savage Man, his abasement and mean pleasures,503;his sanguinary instincts,504,505;his love of intoxicating drinks, want of a literature and of science,505;his intellectual deficiencies as compared with Civilized Man,506;his neglect of trade and commerce, imperfect conceptions of the Supreme Being,507;sun-worship,508;his priestcraft and superstition,509;his low moral standard and cannibal tastes,510.—ForSavage Races, see pp.516-542, and569-679.Savannahs of Guinea, their features,245.Savenay, marshes of, described,17,18.Saxifragas, the, properties and uses of,601.Schomburgk, Sir R., quoted,417,439.Scindapsus pertusus,421.Sciurus Alpinus, account of,499;Carolinensis,499,500;getulus,500;maximus,500;vulgaris,499;vulpinus,500.Sea-Bear, the, natural history of,568.Sea-Lion, the, natural history of,568.Sea-shore Wolf, the, natural history of,313.Seal, the, habitats, manners, and physiology of,568.Sechura, pampa of, described,219.Senegal, serpent-worship of,323;serpents of, described,324.Senegambia, physical features of,240,241;flora of,241;cereal growth of,241,242.Sennaar, physical features of,247.Sensitive plant, the, described,268.Serpent-Bird, the, of the Cape, natural history of,321.Serpents of the Steppes, the, described,77;of Asia and Africa,323-328.—SeeOphidia,Viper.Shakspeare, quoted,322.Shekanis, the, account of,518,519.Shelley, the poet, quoted,43,105,379.Shemites, the, characteristics of,175,176.—SeeArabs,Tibboos,Touraregs.Shepherd races of Asia, their history, manners, customs, and character,78,79.Shirwa, Lake, in Africa,201.Shoa, vegetable life in,249.Short-eared Rock Kangaroo, the, natural history of,375.Silk-cotton tree, the, properties of,388.Silphium laciniatum,260.Silphium terebinthinaceum,266.Simoom, the, phenomena and effects of,135-138.Sinai, Mount, physical aspect and associations of,112,113,114,597.Sioux Indians, cemeteries of the,215.Sivas, quicksands of, described,110,111.Skags-tol-tind, Mount, referred to,588.Sloth, natural history, habits, and manners of the,494-496.—SeeThree-toed Sloth,Two-toed Sloth.Smilax rotundifolia,259.Smith, Sydney, quoted,274.Smyth, Admiral, quoted,590.Sneebergen, mountain-range so called,187,597.Snow, perpetual, limit of,581.Socotrine aloes, value of,249.Solidungulæ, the, order of,290,291.Somerville, Mrs., quoted,97,98,211,223,589.Sonnerat, M., quoted,494.Sorgho grass, properties of,242.Southey, quoted,404,405,508.South America, inferiority of, to North,209;its deserts,210.—SeePampas,Virgin Forests.Spain, its conquests in America,206,209.Spenser, quoted,356.Sphagnum, the, properties of,556.Spider Monkey, the, described,489,490.Spitzbergen, description of,550,551.Spotted Monkey, the, described,469.Squirrel, the, natural history, habits, and characteristics of,497-499.—SeeAlpine Squirrel,Barbary Squirrel,Common Squirrel,Flying Squirrel,Gray Squirrel,Malabar Squirrel.Squirrel Monkey, the,490.Stag, the Spotted, described,340;Yellow, described,57.Staghorn, the, described,277.Stanley, Dean, quoted,99,100,101,137.Stapelia hirsuta,234.Steppes, the, in Europe and Asia, their extent,46,47;their plateaux,47;their vegetable life,47-49;phenomena connected with,49,50;animal life of,51;ornithology,71-77;herpetology,78;inhabitants,78.Steppes of South America, the, surface of,220;vegetation, swamps, and conflagrations of,221-224;a night on,225;inundations of,226;solitude of,227;Steppes of Patagonia,227,228;Buenos Ayres and the Andes,228,229;of Desplobado,229;hurricanes of,230;animal life of,230,231.Sterculia acuminata,445.Sterculiaceæ, the, family of,411.St. Hilaire, Augustus, quoted,539.St. John, Spenser, quoted,596.Stipa crinita,279.Stipa tenacissima,150.Stocqueler, quoted,309.Stork, the, description of,320.Strachey, Captain, quoted,593.Strelitza regina, described,256.Struthio camelus,318.—SeeOstrich.Strychnine, nature and properties of,417.Styraceæ, family of, their characteristics,406.Sugar cane, history of,246.Sugar palm, the, described,418.Sumatra, vegetable life in,416,417;cannibalism in,511,513.Sun, worship of, once prevalent,508.Surinam toad, the, described,363.Swamp oak, the, qualities of,277.Swan’s Marsh, the, reference to,259.Swietenia Mahogani, its uses,410.Table Mountains, the, geography of,597.Talfourd, Sir T. N., quoted,504,505.Tallow tree, the, properties and uses of,408.Tamanoir, the, described,346.Tamarind, the, characteristics of,411.Tamias, the, account of,502.Tanganyika, Lake, in Central Africa,201,202.Tanguen, or Tanghin, the, properties of,427.Tapioca, commercial value of,242.Tapir, the,288,289;natural history of the American,328;mode of defence, and peculiarities of,329,330.Tarpan, the, natural history of,51-55;reference to,291.Tartar-Nogaïs, the, their territories, customs, and religion,80,81.Taro, the, account of,245.Tarsi, the, description of,492.Taylor, Henry, quoted,210.Taylor, Tom, Professor, quoted,20.Tchad, Lake, discovery of,203,204;description of,204.Teak, the, properties and commercial value of,406.Tegeter, Mount, referred to,247.Telfaria pedata, the, described,246.Temperature, laws affecting,580.Teneriffe, peak of, described,597.Tennyson, quoted,14,28,44,151,231,596.Tété, flora of,258.Texas, vegetable life of,262-266.Theobroma cacao, properties of,245.Thibet, bear of,609.Thomson, quoted,119.Thrasaëtus,355.Three-toed Sloth, the, natural history of,496.Thylacyni, the, natural history of,371-373.Ti, the, described,277.Tibboos, the, of Africa, their habits and character,181-183.Tierra-del-Fuego, inhabitants of,541.Tiger, the, natural history of,305;described by Buffon,306;by Daubenton,306;characteristics, habits, swiftness of,307,308;mode of hunting,309,310.Tiger-cats, the, description of,429.Tigré, geological features of,248;flora of,248,249.Tillandra usneoides,264,265.Tip, desert of,111.Toads.—SeeAgua,Bull-Frog,Surinam Toad.Tocusra, the,242.Todea Africana,256.Toothache-tree, the, described,264.Topaz, the, account of,540.Touaregs, the, of Africa, their manners, habits, and characteristics,181-183.Trachytic rocks, character of,588.Traveller’s tree, the, described,279,427.Trecul, M., quoted,254,263,264,266.Tree-ferns, their character,436,437.Trees, colossal, of Peru,387-389.Tremaux, M., quoted,120,137,184,185.Tremblet, M., quoted,183.Trichecus,568.Trigonocephalus, the, description of,361.Tristegis gluttinosa,271.Tristram, Rev. H. B., quoted,96,97,128.Trumpet-Bird, the, description of,354.Tumboa, the, physiology of,251,252.Tupinambis, the, described,172.Two-toed Sloth, the, natural history of,496,497.Unau, the, described,496,497.Unghandia speciosa,265.Upas-tree, the properties of,416;fables relating to,417.Upper Guinea.—SeeSenegambia.Ural Mountains, the, geology of,592.Urceola elastica,418.Uvaria Æthiopica,246.Vaquois, the, character of,421,428.Varan of the Nile, the, described,173.Varans of the Desert, the, natural history of,171-173.Variegated Baboon, the, account of,469.Venezuela, pampas of,220-226.Vesuvius, Mount, description of,590.Vibro, the genus,429.Victoria N’yanza, Lake, discovery and account of,202.Victoria regia, the, history and description of,269,270.Vicuña, the, natural history of,335-337.Vine, the, account of,246.Viper, the camel-headed, description of,361-363.Vipera cerastes, the, natural history of,171,172.Vipers, the, of the Desert,166,171,172;of South Africa,325,326.Virgin Forests, their extent and characteristics,385-392;vegetable life in,393,394;a day in,395-397.Vistula, the river,592.Vitis vinifera,246.Viverridæ, the, natural history of,316,317.Vizcacha, the, described,342.Vouabembés, the, cannibalism among,514.Von Martins, the traveller quoted,387.Von Tschudi, quoted,229,333,334,337.Vosges, the, mountain-range of,14,591.Wallace, Mr., quoted,329,330.Walrus, the, natural history of,568.Water-lily, yellow, the, described,263.Water snake, the, habits of,378.Waterton, the naturalist, quoted,495,496.Wells in the Sahara,161.Welwitsch, Dr., quoted,251.Welwitschia, the, described,251,252.Whirlwinds of sand, description of,141,142.White, Walter, quoted,45.White wormwood, the, properties of,150,151.Whydah, serpents at,324.Wilkes, Admiral, quoted,541,542;Arctic discoveries of,553,554.Wills, W. J., quoted,236,238.Wilson, Alexander, quoted,355,356.Wistman’s Wood, description of,40,41.Wolf of Tartary, description of,68;his ravages,68-70.Wombat, the,370.—SeePhascolomys.Wood, Rev. J. G., quoted,343,344.Woods of Europe, their aspect and characteristics,397,398.Wordsworth, quoted,177,209,247.Wourali, the poison, deadly nature of,439.Wou-wou, the, natural history of,478.Wrede, Baronde, quoted,107,110.Xanthorrœa arborea,278,279.Yakoutes, the, their habits and mode of hunting,576,577.Yucca tréculeana,266.Yvan, Dr., quoted,587.Zambesi, the, course of,195,196;delta and cascades of,198,201;vegetation of,258.Zana, Lake, vegetation on the shores of,247,248.Zebra, the, natural history of,292.Zebra Wolf, the, natural history of,372.Zibeth, the, described,316.Zopelotes, the, described,354.Zorga, the, account of,194.