Abernethy (John), body sold to,173.Advertisements of Lectures on Anatomy,41-42.America, supply of bodies in,122.Anatomical Schools, establishment of,41.history of, by D’Arcy Power, referred to,43.Anatomists, charges against, of receiving murdered bodies,56.fined for teaching,18.form an Anatomical Club,50.Anatomy, Committee on, appointment of,30.evidence before,15.report of,102.referred to,vii.inspectors of, appointed,116.knowledge of, necessary for surgeons,14.lectures on, advertisements of,41-42.teaching of, confined to Company of Barbers and Surgeons,17.Anatomy Act, passing and provisions of,113-117.Anatomy Bill, 1829, introduction of,103.opposition to,105.Arnold (Will.), execution of,23.Arnot (W.) at Hatton Garden, for body-snatching,92.Arsenic, poisoning by,ix.“Artichoke” public-house, mentioned. SeeDiary,passim.Austria, supply of bodies in,120.Austrian Archdukes obtain Butler’s release,132.Barber-Surgeons. SeeCompany of Barbers and Surgeons.Beaman,post mortemof the Italian boy,57.Bell, Sir Charles, body sold to,142.Bellingham, drawing of head of, referred to,26.Bentham, Jeremy, left his body for dissection,33.oration by Mr. Grainger over his body,33.Bermondsey, bodies obtained from. SeeDiary,passim.Bethnal Green, bodies obtained from. SeeDiary,passim.Bibliography of subject,177.Big Gates, bodies obtained from. SeeDiary,passim.Bishop and Williams, arrest and trial of,107.disposal of bodies of,27.drawings of heads of,112.execution of,110.“Black,” a,173.Black Crib,140.“Blue Lion” public-house. SeeDiary,passim.Blundell (William), trial of, at Warrington,95.Bodies, difficulties of obtaining,44.dissection of, in public,100.fatal effect of,39.for dissection supplied by students,15.left for anatomical purposes,33-40.offered for dissection after death,39.possession of stolen, decided to be felony,98.prices of,71.raised by competition of different schools,47.scarcity of,13.stolen by Resurrectionists from houses,50.from dead-house at Guy’s Hospital,53.whilst awaiting coroner’s inquest,53.supply of, in foreign countries,118.from provinces,81.from workhouses,31.suggestions in newspapers,31.See alsoCountry;Edinburgh.temporary shelter for,65.of malefactors given to Company of Barbers and Surgeons,19.difficulty of obtaining from Tyburn,20.of murderers to be given up to Surgeons’ Company,21.dissected at College of Surgeons,22.account of proceedings at dissection, by T. M. Stone,28.conveyed through streets,23.dissection of, an obstacle to passing the Anatomy Act,30.Boys (Mr.) wishes his body to be made into “essential salts,”38.Bridgman’s patent coffin,76.illustration of,78.Brookes (Joshua), advertisement of Lectures,42.badly treated by resurrection-men,45.bodies sold to. SeeDiary,passim.Bunhill Row, bodies obtained from. SeeDiary,passim.Burial-grounds, custodians of, bribed by Resurrectionists,58.precautions for watching,72.protection of,75.Burke and Hare, referred to,v.,viii.Burking, by means of snuff,ix.meaning of,viii.panic from fear of,vii.Butler, biographical notice of,132.See alsoDiary,passim.Cameron (Sir C.) History of Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, referred to,87.Carpue (J. C.), caricature of,98.mentioned in Diary,141.refuses to buy body of Italian boy,109.Chandler (George), provides building for dissecting murderers,24.Chapman (Israel), Jew Resurrectionist,166.Cheselden (William) summoned before Court of Barber-Surgeons for teaching anatomy,18.Chiene (Prof.), referred to,xii.Clarke (—), imprisoned for stealing body of child,51.Clarke (J. F.), on post mortem of the Italian boy,56.Clift (W. and W. H.). Drawings of heads of murderers,26.Cline (H.), mentioned in Diary,139.Coffins, Bridgman’s patent,76.illustrations of,78.mentioned by Southey,78.Coke (Lord), on property in a dead body,90.Committee on Anatomy. SeeAnatomy.Company of Barbers and Surgeons to have bodies of malefactors,19.advertisement of dissection,21.anatomical teaching by,17.Connolly, mentioned in Diary. SeeDiary,passim.Cooper (Sir Astley), evidence before Anatomy Committee,15.payments to Resurrectionists,48,49.purchase of bodies,40,149.life of. SeeCooper (B. B.).Cooper (Bransby B.), life of Sir Astley Cooper, referred to,vi.,vii.,125.notices of Resurrectionists,128.Corporation of Surgeons, required knowledge of anatomy in students,14.to have bodies of murderers,21.end of,22.Country, bodies sent to,148,150,154.Craigie (Dr.), Inspector of Anatomy,117.Crail, house for securing the dead,80.Crouch (Ben), biographical notice of,128.See alsoDiary,passim.Crowe (Mrs.).Light and Darkness, resurrection-man in,17.Cundick (George). SeeRexv.Cundick.Deane (John), fined for teaching anatomy,18.Dermott (G. D.), proposal by, for raising fund to purchase bodies,32.Diary of a Resurrectionist, description and authorship of,124.fac-simileof page of,138.history of,v.reprinted,139.Dickens (Charles). Mr. Cruncher inTale of Two Cities,17.Dissection. SeeBodies.Dublin, burial-grounds of,87.Dundee, protection of grave at,79.Dunn (Francis), execution of,23.Edinburgh, bodies sent to,142,143,145,148,175,176.Greyfriars Churchyard, mortsafes in,76.illustrations of,41,74,76.Edwards (D.).Post mortemof the Italian boy,57.Fairclough (Jane), prosecution of Davies and others for stealing her body,95.Fat, graves rifled for,88.Ferrari (Carlo), murder of,109.post mortemof,56.Ferrers (Earl), execution of,27.Fiction, body-snatchers in,17.Finishing money,48.Flemish, the, bodies obtained from. SeeDiary,passim.Forster (Mr.),post mortemon Messenger Monsey,37.Frampton (Dr.), bodies sold to. SeeDiary,passim.France, supply of bodies in,119.Germany, supply of bodies in,120.Glasnevin Churchyard, riot in,73.Glennon, the police officer, presented with silver staff,46.recovered stolen bodies,50.Goswell Street, bodies obtained from,152.Grainger (R. D.), payments to resurrection-men,48.oration over body of Jeremy Bentham,33.refuses to buy body of Italian boy,109.Graves, protection of,75,79,80.See alsoBurial-grounds.Green Churchyard,140.Guthrie, referred to,14.Guy’s Hospital, bodies stolen from dead-house,53.mentioned in Diary. SeeDiary,passim.Hall (Edward), trial of, at Warrington,95.Harnell (P.), a Resurrectionist,133.Harnett (Bill), biographical notice of,130.See alsoDiary,passim.Harnett (Jack), biographical notice of,131.See alsoDiary,passim.Harnige. SeeHornig.Harpers. SeeDiary,passim.Hawkins (Cæsar), advertisement of Lectures,42.Head. SeeBishop and Williams.Henderson, of Greenock, punished for shipping bodies from Liverpool,87.Hill, porter at King’s College,108.Holland, supply of bodies in,122.Holliss, biographical notice of,134.Holmes (Mrs. Basil).Burial-grounds of London, quoted,138,140.Holmes (John) and Peter Williams, convicted of robbery from grave,59.Hornig, or Harnige, mentioned in Diary,145,147.Hullock (Baron), summing up in trial of Davies and others,97.Hutton (Jack) mentioned. SeeDiary,passim.Inspectors of Anatomy, appointment,116.Ireland, supply of bodies from,87.Iron coffin,76.illustration of,78.Italian boy, the. SeeFerrari (Carlo).Italy, supply of bodies in,121.Lambert, mentioned in Diary,165.Lancet, the, and the Anatomy Bill,105.Large small, meaning of,71.Law relating to body-snatching,90.Lawrence (Sir W.), on anatomical teaching abroad,118.Lee (Edward), execution, &c., of,93.Light (Tom), biographical notice of,132.at Hatton Garden, for body-snatching,92.See alsoDiary,passim.Lincoln’s Inn Fields, bodies of murderers conveyed to,23.Liverpool, bodies shipped as “bitter salts,”82.London Hospital, mentioned in Diary. SeeDiary,passim.Longmore (Sir Thomas), obtained Diary, and presented it to Royal College of Surgeons,vi.,124.Lynn. SeeRexv.Lynn.Lytton (Lord).Lucretia, resurrection-man in,17.Macaulay, Alderman, extract from diary of,23.Macintire (John) buried alive, and rescued by resurrection-men,65.May (James), arrest and trial of,107.respite and death of,110.verse by,110.biographical notice of,112.Mayo (H.),post mortemof the Italian boy,57.Millard (W.), account of,162,163.Mills (Mr.), buys teeth of Italian boy,109.Moir (D. M.).Mansie Wauch, refers to body-snatching,17.Monsey (Messenger),post mortemon,36.Moon, full, interfered with Resurrectionists,124.Mordecai, the Jew,72,140.Mortsafes in Greyfriars Churchyard, Edinburgh,76.illustrations of,41,74,76.Moss (Dr.) of Warrington,96.“Muddle (Jasper), Confessions of” (by Albert Smith),17.Murderers, dissection of, agitation against,99.repealed,115.drawings of heads of,26.Murphy, stealing teeth,71.Murray (Sir James), Inspector of Anatomy,117.Naples (Joseph), biographical notice of,136.method of working,64.writer of Diary,127.Newington, bodies obtained from. SeeDiary,passim.Nicholls (Fr.), advertisement of Lectures,42.Nourse (Edward), advertisement of Lectures,41.Paris, supply of bodies in,119.Partridge (Richard), arrest of Bishop and Williams,108.body of Bishop given to,28.post mortemof the Italian boy,57.Patrick, a Resurrectionist,133.Patterson (G. S.) referred to,15.Pigburn (Fanny), murder of, by Bishop and Williams,109.“Plough” public-house,175.Portugal, supply of bodies in,122.Pott (Percivall), Lectures on Surgery,42.Power (D’Arcy), History of Anatomical Schools, referred to,43.SeeSouth (J. F.).Prosecutions for Body-snatching,90.Provincial schools, supply of,81.Redmond, Luke, murder of,87.Resurrectionists, biographical notices of,128.cost of keeping families of, whilst the men were in gaol,48.damage done to subjects purchased from rivals,45,49.demand finishing money,48.earnings of,71,72.end of,117.first appearance of,13.in fiction,16.modus operandiof,61.as described inMemoirof Thomas Wakley,61.improbability of this method,63.modus operandiof Naples,64.number of bodies obtained by,60,69.origin of,44.popular feeling against,69,113.sources of information respecting,vii.See alsoDiary, Prosecutions.Rexv.Cundick,93.Rexv.Lynn,90.“Rockingham Arms” public-house. SeeDiary,passim.Rolph (Mary), body of, exhumed,142.Ross, Elizabeth, the “Burker,”viii.Rowlandson’s “Dissecting-room.”Frontispiece.Royal College of Surgeons, examinations of,15.foundation of,22.obliged to dissect bodies of murderers,22,26.opposition to Bill of, on account of distance of new building from Newgate,23.proceedings for obtaining premises near Newgate,24.St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, mentioned. SeeDiary,passim.St. George’s, Bloomsbury, robbery from graveyard of,59.See alsoDiary,passim.St. James’, bodies obtained from. SeeDiary,passim.St. John’s, bodies obtained from. SeeDiary,passim.St. Luke’s burial-ground, bodies obtained from. SeeDiary,passim.St. Olave and St. John, Southwark, burial-ground,152.St. Pancras, bodies obtained from. SeeDiary,passim.St. Thomas’, Charterhouse,152.St. Thomas’ Hospital, mentioned. SeeDiary,passim.Sergeant, Miss,Dr. Endicott’s Experiment, refers to body-snatching,17.Sheriffs of London, letter from, as to bodies of Bishop and Williams,28.Shields, porter to Bishop and Williams,113.Smalls, meaning of,71.Smith (Albert), “Confessions of Jasper Muddle, Dissecting-room Porter,”17,130.Society of Apothecaries, did not require attendance at dissection,14.Somerville (James C.), effects on students of want of subjects,48.Inspector of Anatomy,117.South (J. F.) and D’Arcy Power, Memorials of the Craft of Surgery, quoted,19.Southey (R.),The Surgeon’s Warning,78,88.Spelling (—), at Hatton Garden for body-snatching,92.Stanley (E.), bodies sold to. SeeDiary,passim.Stone (T. Madden), account of dissection at College of Surgeons,28.letter on body-snatchers,125.Students, knowledge of anatomy necessary for. SeeAnatomy.Subjects for dissection. SeeBodies.Taunton (Mr.), bodies sold to. SeeDiary,passim.Teeth, trade in, by Resurrectionists,71,167.Tottenham, bodies obtained from. SeeDiary,passim.Trance, man buried during, and rescued by resurrection-men,65.Trials for body-snatching. SeeProsecutions.Tuson, refuses to buy body of Italian boy,109.Twyford (Mr.), statement as to number of prosecutions at Worship St.,92.Tyburn, bodies taken from,20.Ure (Nat.), mentioned,154.Veitch (A. D.), on Wilson’s supposed Burking,viii.Vickers (Mr.), mentioned inDiary,passim.Walsh, Catherine, murder of,viii.Warburton’s Act. SeeAnatomy BillandAnatomy Act.Warren (Samuel),Diary of a late Physician, quoted,15.Warrington, prosecution of John Davies and others at,95.Wetherfield (Mr.),post mortemof the Italian boy,57.“White Horse” public-house. SeeDiary,passim.Whitechapel, bodies obtained from. SeeDiary,passim.Williams, and illicit trade in glass,112.See alsoBishop and Williams.Williams (Peter). SeeHolmes (John).Wilson (James), bodies sold to. SeeDiary,passim.Wilson (John), “Burking by means of snuff,”ix.Wood (Mr.), death of, from seeing a body dissected,39.Workhouses, number of deaths in,31.Wortley, mentioned in Diary,161.Wygate or Wiegate, bodies obtained from. SeeDiary,passim.Yarmouth, body-snatching at,81.Young (Sidney),Annals of the Barber-Surgeons, quoted,18,20.
Plymouth: W. Brendon and Son, Printers.
Footnotes:
[1]SeeSketch of the Life of Robert Knox, byHenry Lonsdale(London, 1870); andThe History of Burke and Hare and of the Resurrectionist Times, byGeorge MacGregor(Glasgow, 1884).
[2]It may be interesting to mention that Albert Smith’s remuneration for these papers was five shillings per page of three columns.
[3]Annals of the Barber Surgeons, bySidney Young, p. 317.
[4]SouthandD’Arcy Power,Memorials of the Craft of Surgery, p. 233,note.
[5]Young,loc. cit.p. 349.
[6]Academy, vol. vi. p. 208, 1874.
[7]For the portraits of Bishop and Williams see p.112.
[8]Hospital Gazette, from Sep. 13, 1890, to March 7, 1891.
[9]This Committee was appointed by the House of Commons in 1828, to take evidence and report on the necessity of obtaining bodies for anatomical purposes. The work of the Committee is referred to at greater length on p.102.
[10]The letter has no signature.
[11]See also p.107.
[12]Autobiographical Recollections of the Medical Profession, p. 101.
[13]Lancet, 1896, vol. i. p. 187.
[14]Memorials of John Flint South, byC. T. Feltoe, 1884, p. 100.
[15]Life of Sir Astley Cooper, vol. i. p. 354.
[16]See illustration.
[17]See two following illustrations.
[18]Cameron,History of Roy. Coll. Surgeons in Ireland, p. 113.
[19]Use of the Dead to the Living.
[20]D. and R. Nisi Prius Repts.i. 13.
[21]See also page56.
[22]See pagevi.
[23]Life of Sir Astley Cooper, vol. i. p. 422.
[24]Cannot find out his surname.
[25]Loc. cit.vol. i.passim.
[26]B. Cooper gives an account of a Resurrectionist under the name of “Patrick”; this is probably the man referred to. The name is Harnell in theSunfor October 14th, 1812; it may, perhaps, be a misprint for Harnett; two men of this name have already been spoken of.
[27]See also p.126.
[28]The name is suppressed in the printed copy.
[29]Since the above was written, Mrs. Basil Holmes’ interesting volume onThe Burial Grounds of Londonhas been published. Reference to this book confirms the statement above made. Mrs. Holmes’ account is very carefully done, and the list of the old burial-grounds is probably as complete as it can be, but no light is thrown upon any of the difficult names used in the Diary.
[30]Slang for a burial-ground.
[31]Harper is probably the name of the keeper of a burial-ground.
[32]This occurs often in the Diary, and was evidently a favourite place for meeting. It was, doubtless, the entrance to some burial-ground, but there is no evidence by which the place can be definitely determined.
[33]i.e.a body which had had a post mortem performed on it was obtained from the burial-ground attached to St. Bartholomew’s Hospital.
[34]Watched to see what funerals were taking place during the day.
[35]Probably Michael Mordecai, who kept an old curiosity-shop in New Alley, and was a noted receiver.
[36]Probably the landlord of a public-house.
[37]i.e.all the gang.
[38]The “Green Churchyard” was an addition to the Churchyard of St. Giles, Cripplegate. “Green Churchyard” is a name which we find repeated in other parishes; for instance, it was given to the higher portion of St. James’, Piccadilly, and to the little piece by St. Bartholomew the Great, approached through the present south transept. Holmes,loc. cit.It is impossible to say which of these is here meant.
[39]Bunhill.
[40]J. C. Carpue, the founder of the Dean Street Anatomical School.
[41]Dr. Frampton, of the London Hospital.
[42]James Wilson, of the Great Windmill Street School.
[43]Joshua Brookes, founder of the Blenheim Street, or Great Marlborough Street, Anatomical School: for references to Brookes, see Index.
[44]See page65.
[45]Sir Charles Bell, of Great Windmill Street School.
[46]Abbreviation for Harpers. See p.139.
[47]Either St. Luke’s Church or St. Luke’s Hospital in Old Street.
[48]Words so crossed out that they cannot be deciphered; in all probability it originally read “with their —— throat cut.”
[49]John Taunton, founder of the City of London Truss Society, a demonstrator at Guy’s Hospital under Cline, and at this time principal lecturer to the London Anatomical Society.
[50]Artichoke Public-house.
[51]See page127.
[52]Newington.
[53]Slang term for bodies.
[54]See page71.
[55]Afterwards Sir Astley Cooper.
[56]Body putrid, and therefore of no use for anatomical purposes.
[57]Probably Church of St. Thomas, Charterhouse.
[58]The burial-ground for the parishes of St. Olave and St. John, Southwark; it was taken by the “Greenwich Railway Company”: part of the approach to the “Flemish” now forms the approach to London Bridge Station.
[59]This is, of course, not the St. Pancras Church in the Euston Road, but the old parish church situated on the north side of the road leading from King’s Cross to Kentish Town.
[60]See page124.
[61]Failed to get a body.
[62]Bodies unsold.
[63]Probably a burial-ground attached to a meeting-house.
[64]The diary is torn at the margin in this place: the word “left” is probably correct, but who “the man” was cannot be determined.
[65]St. Olave’s.
[66]Probably from information given to the police by the other party who “had got the adult.”
[67]The police court in Union Street, Southwark; it was removed in 1845.
[68]i.e.had spoiled them for anatomical purposes; very likely to be done out of spite, as on the previous day they had “row’d with Ben,”i.e.Crouch; see page49.
[69]Evidently for debt.
[70]Millard was superintendent of the dissecting-room at St. Thomas’; he was an avaricious man, and lost this situation through dealing in bodies. His plan was to take them in at the hospital from the resurrection-men, and then to sell them at an advanced price in Edinburgh unknown to the men who supplied him, and to the teachers at the hospital. Millard was popular with the pupils, and, after his dismissal, they persuaded him to take an eating-house in the neighbourhood of St. Thomas’. As there was money to be made in the “resurrection” traffic, he did not abandon his connection with the body-snatchers. This came to be known, and created a strong prejudice against him; so much so that his legitimate business fell off to such an extent as to make it necessary for him to relinquish it altogether. Then he took entirely to the resurrection business, and was sentenced to three months’ imprisonment for taking a body from the burial-ground attached to the London Hospital. He appealed against the sentence, and found bail. Then he brought an action against the magistrate at Lambeth for false imprisonment; this was set aside, and Millard was sent back to Cold Bath Fields to complete his sentence. He tried hard to get Sir Astley Cooper to solicit a pardon for him, but without avail. This so preyed on his mind that he threatened Sir Astley with bodily injury. Ultimately Millard quite lost his reason, and died in gaol. In 1825 his widow published a pamphlet entitled, “An Account of the circumstances attending the imprisonment and death of the late William Millard, formerly superintendent of the Theatre of Anatomy of St. Thomas’ Hospital, Southwark.” The pamphlet states that Millard had notice to leave St. Thomas’ because it was found that he was supplying Mr. Grainger with bodies, and that Sir Astley Cooper was determined to put an end to the school which Grainger had established. The publication is of a very abusive character; the surgeon of the gaol, Mr. Wakley, of theLancet, and the authorities at the hospital, all come in for severe censure. The whole tone of the pamphlet is so exaggerated that it is impossible to tell whether there is any truth in Mrs. Millard’s grievances.