FOOTNOTES

FOOTNOTES[1]["Ich hab' Mein' Sach' auf Nichts gestellt," first line of Goethe's poem, "Vanitas! Vanitatum Vanitas!" Literal translation: "I have set my affair on nothing."][2][Sache][3][Sache][4][der Einzige][5][einzig][6][Geist.This word will be translated sometimes "mind" and sometimes "spirit" in the following pages.][7]Luke 11. 13.[8]Heb. 11. 13.[9]Mark 10. 29.[10]Italicized in the original for the sake of its etymology,Scharfsinn—"sharp-sense." Compare next paragraph.[11]2 Cor. 5. 17. [The words "new" and "modern" are the same in German.][12][Title of a poem by Schiller.][13][The reader will remember (it is to be hoped he has never forgotten) that "mind" and "spirit" are one and the same word in German. For several pages back the connection of the discourse has seemed to require the almost exclusive use of the translation "spirit," but to complete the sense it has often been necessary that the reader recall the thought of its identity with "mind," as stated in a previous note.][14]"Essence of Christianity."[15][Or, "highest essence." The wordWesen, which means both "essence" and "being," will be translated now one way and now the other in the following pages. The reader must bear in mind that these two words are identical in German: and so are "supreme" and "highest."][16]Cf.e. g."Essence of Christianity," p. 402.[17][That is, the abstract conception of man, as in the preceding sentence.][18]E. g., Rom. 8. 9, 1 Cor. 3. 16, John 20. 22, and innumerable other passages.[19][Heil][20][heilig][21]How the priests tinkle! how important theyWould make it out, that men should come their wayAnd babble, just as yesterday, to-day!Oh! blame them not! They know man's need, I say;For he takes all his happiness this way,To babble just to-morrow as to-day.—Translated from Goethe's "Venetian Epigrams."[22][fremd][23][fremd][24][einzig][25]["the supreme being."][26][heilig][27][heilig][28][einzig][29][gefangen und befangen, literally "imprisoned and prepossessed."][30][besessene][31][versessen][32]"Achtzehntes Jahrhundert," II, 519.[33]"De la Création de l'Ordre" etc., p. 36.[34]"Anekdota," II, 64.[35][dieselbe Phantastin wie die Phantasie][36][The same word as "intellectual" as "mind" and "spirit" are the same.][37]"Essence of Christianity," second edition, p. 402.[38]P. 403.[39]P. 408.[40][Literally "the man."][41][Uneigennuetzigkeit, literally "un-self-benefitingness."][42][vernuenftig, derived fromvernehmen, to hear.][43][A German idiom for destructive radicalism.][44][The same word that has been translated "custom" several times in this section.][45][Ehrfurcht][46][gefuerchtet][47][geehrt][48]Rousseau, the Philanthropists, and others were hostile to culture and intelligence, but they overlooked the fact that this is present inallmen of the Christian type, and assailed only learned and refined culture.[49][Literally, "sacrificing"; the German word has not the prefix "self."][50]"Volksphilosophie unserer Tage," p. 22.[51][Muth][52][Demuth][53][Called in English theology "original sin."][54][Goethe, "Faust."][55]"Anekdota," II, 152.[56][Schiller, "Die Worte des Glaubens."][57][Parodied from the words of Mephistopheles in the witch's kitchen in "Faust."][58]John 2. 4.[59]Matt. 10. 35.[60][heilig][61][heilig][62][Geistlicher, literally "spiritual man."][63]"Essence of Christianity," p. 403.[64]Mark 9. 23.[65][Herrlichkeit, which, according to its derivation, means "lordliness."][66][Or "citizenhood." The word (das Buergertum) means either the condition of being a citizen, or citizen-like principles, or the body of citizens or of the middle or business class, thebourgeoisie.][67][Man hatte im Staate "die ungleiche Person angesehen,"there had been "respect of unequal persons" in the State.][68][Gewalt, a word which is also commonly used like the English "violence," denoting especially unlawful violence.][69][Vorrechte][70][Rechte][71]1 Corinthians 8.4.[72]"Ein und zwanzig Bogen," p. 12.[73]Louis Blanc says ("Histoire des Dix Ans," I, p. 138) of the time of the Restoration: "Le protestantisme devint le fond des idées et des mœurs."[74][Sache, which commonly meansthing.][75][Sache][76][Or "righteous." Germanrechtlich.][77][gerecht][78][das Geld gibt Geltung.][79][ausgebeutet][80][Kriegsbeute][81][In German an exact quotation of Luke 10.7.][82]Proudhon ("Création de l'Ordre") cries out,e. g., p. 414, "In industry, as in science, the publication of an invention is the first andmost sacred of duties!"[83][In his strictures on "criticism" Stirner refers to a special movement known by that name in the early forties of the last century, of which Bruno Bauer was the principal exponent. After his official separation from the faculty of the university of Bonn on account of his views in regard to the Bible, Bruno Bauer in 1843 settled near Berlin and founded theAllgemeine Literatur-Zeitung, in which he and his friends, at war with their surroundings, championed the "absolute emancipation" of the individual within the limits of "pure humanity" and fought as their foe "the mass," comprehending in that term the radical aspirations of political liberalism and the communistic demands of the rising Socialist movement of that time. For a brief account of Bruno Bauer's movement of criticism, see John Henry Mackay, "Max Stirner.Sein Leben und sein Werk."][84]Br. Bauer. "Lit. Ztg." V. 18.[85]"Lit. Ztg." V. 26.[86][Eigentum, "owndom."][87][Eigenwille, "own-will."][88][Referring to minute subdivision of labor, whereby the single workman produces, not a whole, but a part.][89]"Lit. Ztg." V. 24.[90]"Lit. Ztg."ibid.[91]["einziger"][92][Einzigkeit][93]Bruno Bauer, "Judenfrage," p. 66.[94]Bruno Bauer, "Die gute Sache der Freiheit," pp. 62-63.[95]Bruno Bauer, "Judenfrage," p. 60.[96][Einzige][97][einzig][98][It should be remembered that to be anUnmensch("un-man") one must be a man. The word means an inhuman or unhuman man, a man who is not man. A tiger, an avalanche, a drought, a cabbage, is not an un-man.][99]"Lit. Ztg." V. 23; as comment, V. 12 ff.[100]"Lit. Ztg." V. 15.[101][Rechthaberei, literally the character of always insisting on making one's self out to be in the right.][102][einzig][103][des Einzigen][104][This is a literal translation of the German wordEigenheit, which, with its primitiveeigen, "own," is used in this chapter in a way that the German dictionaries do not quite recognize. The author's conception being new, he had to make an innovation in the German language to express it. The translator is under the like necessity. In most passages "self-ownership," or else "personality," would translate the word, but there are some where the thought is soeigen, that is, so peculiar or so thoroughly the author'sown, that no English word I can think of would express it. It will explain itself to one who has read Part First intelligently.][105][Eigenheit][106]Rom. 6. 18.[107]1 Pet. 2. 16.[108]James 2. 12.[109][See note, p. 112.][110][Meaning "German." Written in this form because of the censorship.][111][Einzige].[112][I takeEntbehrung, "destitution," to be a misprint forEntehrung.][113][Eigennutz, literally "own-use."][114][Einzigen][115]Rom. 8. 14.[116]Cf. 1 John 3. 10 with Rom. 8. 16.[117][Eigenschaften][118][Eigentum][119]E. g.Marx in the "Deutsch-franzoesische Jahrbuecher," p. 197.[120]Br. Bauer, "Judenfrage," p. 61.[121]Hess, "Triarchie," p. 76.[122][Vorrecht, literally "precedent right."][123][Eigenschaft][124][Eigentum][125]"Essence of Christianity," 2d ed., p. 401.[126][bestimmt][127][Bestimmung][128]Mark 3. 29.[129][This word has also, in German, the meaning of "common law," and will sometimes be translated "law" in the following paragraphs.][130]Cf. "Die Kommunisten in der Schweiz," committee report, p. 3.[131][Rechtsstreit, a word which usually means "lawsuit."][132][A common German phrase for "it suits me."][133]A. Becker, "Volksphilosophie," p. 22 f.[134][Mephistopheles in "Faust."][135]"I beg you, spare my lungs! He who insists on proving himself right, if he but has one of these things called tongues, can hold his own in all the world's despite!" [Faust's words to Mephistopheles, slightly misquoted.—ForRechthabereisee note on p. 185.][136][Gesetz, statute; no longer the same German word as "right."][137][Verbrechen][138][brechen][139]"This Book Belongs to the King," p. 376.[140]P. 376.[141]P. 374.[142][An unnatural mother][143]P. 381.[144]P. 385.[145][Gerechte][146][macht Alles huebsch gerecht][147][Einzige][148]See "Political Speeches," 10, p. 153.[149][Literally, "precedent right."][150][Spannung][151][gespannt][152][spannen][153][einzig][154][Einzigkeit][155][Volk; but the etymological remark following applies equally to the English word "people." See Liddell & Scott's Greek lexicon, underpimplemi.][156][kuschen, a word whose only use is in ordering dogs to keep quiet.][157][This is the word for "of age"; but it is derived fromMund, "mouth," and refers properly to the right of speaking through one's ownmouth, not by a guardian.][158]["occupy"; literally, "have within"][159][The wordGenosse, "companion," signifies originally a companion inenjoyment.][160][This word in German does not mean religion, but, as in Latin, faithfulness to family ties—as we speak of "filial piety." But the word elsewhere translated "pious" (fromm) means "religious," as usually in English.][161][It should be remembered that the words "establish" and "State" are both derived from the root "stand."][162][huldigen][163][Huld][164]What was said in the concluding remarks after Humane Liberalism holds good of the following,—to wit, that it was likewise written immediately after the appearance of the book cited.[165][In the philosophical sense (a thinking and acting being), not in the political sense.][166]["Création de l'Ordre," p. 485.][167]["Koelner Dom," p. 4.][168][einzig][169][am Einzigen][170][Einzigen][171][heilig][172][unheilig][173][Heiliger][174]B. Bauer. "Lit. Ztg." 8.22.[175]"E. u. Z. B.," p. 89 ff.[176][Einzigkeit][177][See note on p. 184.][178][The words "cot" and "dung" are alike in German.][179]E. g., "Qu'est-ce que la Propriété?" p. 83.[180][Einzige][181][A German idiom for "take upon myself," "assume."][182][Apparently some benevolent scheme of the day; compare note on p. 343.][183]In a registration bill for Ireland the government made the proposal to let those be electors who pay £5 sterling of poor-rates. He who gives alms, therefore, acquires political rights, or elsewhere becomes a swan-knight. [See p. 342.][184]Minister Stein used this expression about Count von Reisach, when he cold-bloodedly left the latter at the mercy of the Bavarian government because to him, as he said, "a government like Bavaria must be worth more than a simple individual." Reisach had written against Montgelas at Stein's bidding, and Stein later agreed to the giving up of Reisach, which was demanded by Montgelas on account of this very book. See Hinrichs, "Politische Vorlesungen," I, 280.[185]In colleges and universities, etc., poor men compete with rich. But they are able to do so in most cases only through scholarships, which—a significant point almost all come down to us from a time when free competition was still far from being a controlling principle. The principle of competition founds no scholarship, but says, Help yourself,i. e.provide yourself the means. What the State gives for such purposes it pays out from interested motives, to educate "servants" for itself.[186][preisgeben][187][Preis][188][Preis][189][Geld][190][gelten][191][Equivalent in ordinary German use to our "possessed of a competence."][192][Einzige][193][Literally, "given."][194][A German phrase for sharpers.][195][Literally, "unhomely."][196]II, p. 91 ff. (See my note above.)[197]Athanasius.[198][Wesen][199][Wesen][200]Feuerbach, "Essence of Chr.," 394.[201][gebrauche][202][brauche][203][Verein][204][Vereinigung][205][Muthlosigkeit][206][Demuth][207][Muth][208][Literally, "love-services."][209][Literally, "own-benefit."][210][Literally, furnishes me with aright.][211][Empoerung][212][sich auf-oder emporzurichten][213]To secure myself against a criminal charge I superfluously make the express remark that I choose the word "insurrection" on account of itsetymological sense, and therefore am not using it in the limited sense which is disallowed by the penal code.[214]1 Cor. 15. 26.[215]2 Tim. 1. 10.[216][See the next to the last scene of the tragedy:Odoardo.Under the pretext of a judicial investigation he tears you out of our arms and takes you to Grimaldi....Emilia.Give me that dagger, father, me!...Odoardo.No, no! Reflect—You too have only one life to lose.Emilia.And only one innocence!Odoardo.Which is above the reach of any violence.—Emilia.But not above the reach of any seduction.—Violence! violence! who cannot defy violence? What is called violence is nothing; seduction is the true violence.—I have blood, father; blood as youthful and warm as anybody's. My senses are senses.—I can warrant nothing. I am sure of nothing. I know Grimaldi's house. It is the house of pleasure. An hour there, under my mother's eyes—and there arose in my soul so much tumult as the strictest exercises of religion could hardly quiet in weeks.—Religion! And what religion?—To escape nothing worse, thousands sprang into the water and are saints.—Give me that dagger, father, give it to me....Emilia.Once indeed there was a father who, to save his daughter from shame, drove into her heart whatever steel he could quickest find—gave life to her for the second time. But all such deeds are of the past! Of such fathers there are no more!Odoardo.Yes, daughter, yes! (Stabs her.)][217][Or, "regulate" (richten)][218][richten][219]"Der Kommunismus in der Schweiz," p. 24.[220]Ibid.p. 63.[221][Cf. note p. 81.][222][Geistigkeit][223][Geistlichkeit][224]Rom. 1. 25.[225][das Meinige][226][die—"Meinung"][227]P. 47 ff.[228]Chamber of peers, Apr. 25, 1844.[229]"Anecdota," 1. 120.[230]"Anecdota," 1. 127.[231][vernehmbar][232][Vernunft][233][Literally "thought-rid."][234][Sache][235][Sache][236]1 Thess. 5. 21.[237][Andacht, a compound form of the word "thought."][238][See note on p. 112.][239][Einzige][240][eigen][241][geeignet][242][Stell' Ich auf Mich meine Sache.Literally, "if I set my affair on myself."][243]["Ich hab' Mein' Sach' auf Nichts gestellt." Literally, "I have set my affair on nothing." See note on p. 3.]

[1]["Ich hab' Mein' Sach' auf Nichts gestellt," first line of Goethe's poem, "Vanitas! Vanitatum Vanitas!" Literal translation: "I have set my affair on nothing."]

[2][Sache]

[3][Sache]

[4][der Einzige]

[5][einzig]

[6][Geist.This word will be translated sometimes "mind" and sometimes "spirit" in the following pages.]

[7]Luke 11. 13.

[8]Heb. 11. 13.

[9]Mark 10. 29.

[10]Italicized in the original for the sake of its etymology,Scharfsinn—"sharp-sense." Compare next paragraph.

[11]2 Cor. 5. 17. [The words "new" and "modern" are the same in German.]

[12][Title of a poem by Schiller.]

[13][The reader will remember (it is to be hoped he has never forgotten) that "mind" and "spirit" are one and the same word in German. For several pages back the connection of the discourse has seemed to require the almost exclusive use of the translation "spirit," but to complete the sense it has often been necessary that the reader recall the thought of its identity with "mind," as stated in a previous note.]

[14]"Essence of Christianity."

[15][Or, "highest essence." The wordWesen, which means both "essence" and "being," will be translated now one way and now the other in the following pages. The reader must bear in mind that these two words are identical in German: and so are "supreme" and "highest."]

[16]Cf.e. g."Essence of Christianity," p. 402.

[17][That is, the abstract conception of man, as in the preceding sentence.]

[18]E. g., Rom. 8. 9, 1 Cor. 3. 16, John 20. 22, and innumerable other passages.

[19][Heil]

[20][heilig]

[21]How the priests tinkle! how important theyWould make it out, that men should come their wayAnd babble, just as yesterday, to-day!Oh! blame them not! They know man's need, I say;For he takes all his happiness this way,To babble just to-morrow as to-day.—Translated from Goethe's "Venetian Epigrams."

[21]

How the priests tinkle! how important theyWould make it out, that men should come their wayAnd babble, just as yesterday, to-day!Oh! blame them not! They know man's need, I say;For he takes all his happiness this way,To babble just to-morrow as to-day.—Translated from Goethe's "Venetian Epigrams."

How the priests tinkle! how important theyWould make it out, that men should come their wayAnd babble, just as yesterday, to-day!

Oh! blame them not! They know man's need, I say;For he takes all his happiness this way,To babble just to-morrow as to-day.

—Translated from Goethe's "Venetian Epigrams."

[22][fremd]

[23][fremd]

[24][einzig]

[25]["the supreme being."]

[26][heilig]

[27][heilig]

[28][einzig]

[29][gefangen und befangen, literally "imprisoned and prepossessed."]

[30][besessene]

[31][versessen]

[32]"Achtzehntes Jahrhundert," II, 519.

[33]"De la Création de l'Ordre" etc., p. 36.

[34]"Anekdota," II, 64.

[35][dieselbe Phantastin wie die Phantasie]

[36][The same word as "intellectual" as "mind" and "spirit" are the same.]

[37]"Essence of Christianity," second edition, p. 402.

[38]P. 403.

[39]P. 408.

[40][Literally "the man."]

[41][Uneigennuetzigkeit, literally "un-self-benefitingness."]

[42][vernuenftig, derived fromvernehmen, to hear.]

[43][A German idiom for destructive radicalism.]

[44][The same word that has been translated "custom" several times in this section.]

[45][Ehrfurcht]

[46][gefuerchtet]

[47][geehrt]

[48]Rousseau, the Philanthropists, and others were hostile to culture and intelligence, but they overlooked the fact that this is present inallmen of the Christian type, and assailed only learned and refined culture.

[49][Literally, "sacrificing"; the German word has not the prefix "self."]

[50]"Volksphilosophie unserer Tage," p. 22.

[51][Muth]

[52][Demuth]

[53][Called in English theology "original sin."]

[54][Goethe, "Faust."]

[55]"Anekdota," II, 152.

[56][Schiller, "Die Worte des Glaubens."]

[57][Parodied from the words of Mephistopheles in the witch's kitchen in "Faust."]

[58]John 2. 4.

[59]Matt. 10. 35.

[60][heilig]

[61][heilig]

[62][Geistlicher, literally "spiritual man."]

[63]"Essence of Christianity," p. 403.

[64]Mark 9. 23.

[65][Herrlichkeit, which, according to its derivation, means "lordliness."]

[66][Or "citizenhood." The word (das Buergertum) means either the condition of being a citizen, or citizen-like principles, or the body of citizens or of the middle or business class, thebourgeoisie.]

[67][Man hatte im Staate "die ungleiche Person angesehen,"there had been "respect of unequal persons" in the State.]

[68][Gewalt, a word which is also commonly used like the English "violence," denoting especially unlawful violence.]

[69][Vorrechte]

[70][Rechte]

[71]1 Corinthians 8.4.

[72]"Ein und zwanzig Bogen," p. 12.

[73]Louis Blanc says ("Histoire des Dix Ans," I, p. 138) of the time of the Restoration: "Le protestantisme devint le fond des idées et des mœurs."

[74][Sache, which commonly meansthing.]

[75][Sache]

[76][Or "righteous." Germanrechtlich.]

[77][gerecht]

[78][das Geld gibt Geltung.]

[79][ausgebeutet]

[80][Kriegsbeute]

[81][In German an exact quotation of Luke 10.7.]

[82]Proudhon ("Création de l'Ordre") cries out,e. g., p. 414, "In industry, as in science, the publication of an invention is the first andmost sacred of duties!"

[83][In his strictures on "criticism" Stirner refers to a special movement known by that name in the early forties of the last century, of which Bruno Bauer was the principal exponent. After his official separation from the faculty of the university of Bonn on account of his views in regard to the Bible, Bruno Bauer in 1843 settled near Berlin and founded theAllgemeine Literatur-Zeitung, in which he and his friends, at war with their surroundings, championed the "absolute emancipation" of the individual within the limits of "pure humanity" and fought as their foe "the mass," comprehending in that term the radical aspirations of political liberalism and the communistic demands of the rising Socialist movement of that time. For a brief account of Bruno Bauer's movement of criticism, see John Henry Mackay, "Max Stirner.Sein Leben und sein Werk."]

[84]Br. Bauer. "Lit. Ztg." V. 18.

[85]"Lit. Ztg." V. 26.

[86][Eigentum, "owndom."]

[87][Eigenwille, "own-will."]

[88][Referring to minute subdivision of labor, whereby the single workman produces, not a whole, but a part.]

[89]"Lit. Ztg." V. 24.

[90]"Lit. Ztg."ibid.

[91]["einziger"]

[92][Einzigkeit]

[93]Bruno Bauer, "Judenfrage," p. 66.

[94]Bruno Bauer, "Die gute Sache der Freiheit," pp. 62-63.

[95]Bruno Bauer, "Judenfrage," p. 60.

[96][Einzige]

[97][einzig]

[98][It should be remembered that to be anUnmensch("un-man") one must be a man. The word means an inhuman or unhuman man, a man who is not man. A tiger, an avalanche, a drought, a cabbage, is not an un-man.]

[99]"Lit. Ztg." V. 23; as comment, V. 12 ff.

[100]"Lit. Ztg." V. 15.

[101][Rechthaberei, literally the character of always insisting on making one's self out to be in the right.]

[102][einzig]

[103][des Einzigen]

[104][This is a literal translation of the German wordEigenheit, which, with its primitiveeigen, "own," is used in this chapter in a way that the German dictionaries do not quite recognize. The author's conception being new, he had to make an innovation in the German language to express it. The translator is under the like necessity. In most passages "self-ownership," or else "personality," would translate the word, but there are some where the thought is soeigen, that is, so peculiar or so thoroughly the author'sown, that no English word I can think of would express it. It will explain itself to one who has read Part First intelligently.]

[105][Eigenheit]

[106]Rom. 6. 18.

[107]1 Pet. 2. 16.

[108]James 2. 12.

[109][See note, p. 112.]

[110][Meaning "German." Written in this form because of the censorship.]

[111][Einzige].

[112][I takeEntbehrung, "destitution," to be a misprint forEntehrung.]

[113][Eigennutz, literally "own-use."]

[114][Einzigen]

[115]Rom. 8. 14.

[116]Cf. 1 John 3. 10 with Rom. 8. 16.

[117][Eigenschaften]

[118][Eigentum]

[119]E. g.Marx in the "Deutsch-franzoesische Jahrbuecher," p. 197.

[120]Br. Bauer, "Judenfrage," p. 61.

[121]Hess, "Triarchie," p. 76.

[122][Vorrecht, literally "precedent right."]

[123][Eigenschaft]

[124][Eigentum]

[125]"Essence of Christianity," 2d ed., p. 401.

[126][bestimmt]

[127][Bestimmung]

[128]Mark 3. 29.

[129][This word has also, in German, the meaning of "common law," and will sometimes be translated "law" in the following paragraphs.]

[130]Cf. "Die Kommunisten in der Schweiz," committee report, p. 3.

[131][Rechtsstreit, a word which usually means "lawsuit."]

[132][A common German phrase for "it suits me."]

[133]A. Becker, "Volksphilosophie," p. 22 f.

[134][Mephistopheles in "Faust."]

[135]"I beg you, spare my lungs! He who insists on proving himself right, if he but has one of these things called tongues, can hold his own in all the world's despite!" [Faust's words to Mephistopheles, slightly misquoted.—ForRechthabereisee note on p. 185.]

[136][Gesetz, statute; no longer the same German word as "right."]

[137][Verbrechen]

[138][brechen]

[139]"This Book Belongs to the King," p. 376.

[140]P. 376.

[141]P. 374.

[142][An unnatural mother]

[143]P. 381.

[144]P. 385.

[145][Gerechte]

[146][macht Alles huebsch gerecht]

[147][Einzige]

[148]See "Political Speeches," 10, p. 153.

[149][Literally, "precedent right."]

[150][Spannung]

[151][gespannt]

[152][spannen]

[153][einzig]

[154][Einzigkeit]

[155][Volk; but the etymological remark following applies equally to the English word "people." See Liddell & Scott's Greek lexicon, underpimplemi.]

[156][kuschen, a word whose only use is in ordering dogs to keep quiet.]

[157][This is the word for "of age"; but it is derived fromMund, "mouth," and refers properly to the right of speaking through one's ownmouth, not by a guardian.]

[158]["occupy"; literally, "have within"]

[159][The wordGenosse, "companion," signifies originally a companion inenjoyment.]

[160][This word in German does not mean religion, but, as in Latin, faithfulness to family ties—as we speak of "filial piety." But the word elsewhere translated "pious" (fromm) means "religious," as usually in English.]

[161][It should be remembered that the words "establish" and "State" are both derived from the root "stand."]

[162][huldigen]

[163][Huld]

[164]What was said in the concluding remarks after Humane Liberalism holds good of the following,—to wit, that it was likewise written immediately after the appearance of the book cited.

[165][In the philosophical sense (a thinking and acting being), not in the political sense.]

[166]["Création de l'Ordre," p. 485.]

[167]["Koelner Dom," p. 4.]

[168][einzig]

[169][am Einzigen]

[170][Einzigen]

[171][heilig]

[172][unheilig]

[173][Heiliger]

[174]B. Bauer. "Lit. Ztg." 8.22.

[175]"E. u. Z. B.," p. 89 ff.

[176][Einzigkeit]

[177][See note on p. 184.]

[178][The words "cot" and "dung" are alike in German.]

[179]E. g., "Qu'est-ce que la Propriété?" p. 83.

[180][Einzige]

[181][A German idiom for "take upon myself," "assume."]

[182][Apparently some benevolent scheme of the day; compare note on p. 343.]

[183]In a registration bill for Ireland the government made the proposal to let those be electors who pay £5 sterling of poor-rates. He who gives alms, therefore, acquires political rights, or elsewhere becomes a swan-knight. [See p. 342.]

[184]Minister Stein used this expression about Count von Reisach, when he cold-bloodedly left the latter at the mercy of the Bavarian government because to him, as he said, "a government like Bavaria must be worth more than a simple individual." Reisach had written against Montgelas at Stein's bidding, and Stein later agreed to the giving up of Reisach, which was demanded by Montgelas on account of this very book. See Hinrichs, "Politische Vorlesungen," I, 280.

[185]In colleges and universities, etc., poor men compete with rich. But they are able to do so in most cases only through scholarships, which—a significant point almost all come down to us from a time when free competition was still far from being a controlling principle. The principle of competition founds no scholarship, but says, Help yourself,i. e.provide yourself the means. What the State gives for such purposes it pays out from interested motives, to educate "servants" for itself.

[186][preisgeben]

[187][Preis]

[188][Preis]

[189][Geld]

[190][gelten]

[191][Equivalent in ordinary German use to our "possessed of a competence."]

[192][Einzige]

[193][Literally, "given."]

[194][A German phrase for sharpers.]

[195][Literally, "unhomely."]

[196]II, p. 91 ff. (See my note above.)

[197]Athanasius.

[198][Wesen]

[199][Wesen]

[200]Feuerbach, "Essence of Chr.," 394.

[201][gebrauche]

[202][brauche]

[203][Verein]

[204][Vereinigung]

[205][Muthlosigkeit]

[206][Demuth]

[207][Muth]

[208][Literally, "love-services."]

[209][Literally, "own-benefit."]

[210][Literally, furnishes me with aright.]

[211][Empoerung]

[212][sich auf-oder emporzurichten]

[213]To secure myself against a criminal charge I superfluously make the express remark that I choose the word "insurrection" on account of itsetymological sense, and therefore am not using it in the limited sense which is disallowed by the penal code.

[214]1 Cor. 15. 26.

[215]2 Tim. 1. 10.

[216][See the next to the last scene of the tragedy:Odoardo.Under the pretext of a judicial investigation he tears you out of our arms and takes you to Grimaldi....Emilia.Give me that dagger, father, me!...Odoardo.No, no! Reflect—You too have only one life to lose.Emilia.And only one innocence!Odoardo.Which is above the reach of any violence.—Emilia.But not above the reach of any seduction.—Violence! violence! who cannot defy violence? What is called violence is nothing; seduction is the true violence.—I have blood, father; blood as youthful and warm as anybody's. My senses are senses.—I can warrant nothing. I am sure of nothing. I know Grimaldi's house. It is the house of pleasure. An hour there, under my mother's eyes—and there arose in my soul so much tumult as the strictest exercises of religion could hardly quiet in weeks.—Religion! And what religion?—To escape nothing worse, thousands sprang into the water and are saints.—Give me that dagger, father, give it to me....Emilia.Once indeed there was a father who, to save his daughter from shame, drove into her heart whatever steel he could quickest find—gave life to her for the second time. But all such deeds are of the past! Of such fathers there are no more!Odoardo.Yes, daughter, yes! (Stabs her.)]

[216][See the next to the last scene of the tragedy:

Odoardo.Under the pretext of a judicial investigation he tears you out of our arms and takes you to Grimaldi....Emilia.Give me that dagger, father, me!...Odoardo.No, no! Reflect—You too have only one life to lose.Emilia.And only one innocence!Odoardo.Which is above the reach of any violence.—Emilia.But not above the reach of any seduction.—Violence! violence! who cannot defy violence? What is called violence is nothing; seduction is the true violence.—I have blood, father; blood as youthful and warm as anybody's. My senses are senses.—I can warrant nothing. I am sure of nothing. I know Grimaldi's house. It is the house of pleasure. An hour there, under my mother's eyes—and there arose in my soul so much tumult as the strictest exercises of religion could hardly quiet in weeks.—Religion! And what religion?—To escape nothing worse, thousands sprang into the water and are saints.—Give me that dagger, father, give it to me....Emilia.Once indeed there was a father who, to save his daughter from shame, drove into her heart whatever steel he could quickest find—gave life to her for the second time. But all such deeds are of the past! Of such fathers there are no more!Odoardo.Yes, daughter, yes! (Stabs her.)]

Odoardo.Under the pretext of a judicial investigation he tears you out of our arms and takes you to Grimaldi....

Emilia.Give me that dagger, father, me!...

Odoardo.No, no! Reflect—You too have only one life to lose.

Emilia.And only one innocence!

Odoardo.Which is above the reach of any violence.—

Emilia.But not above the reach of any seduction.—Violence! violence! who cannot defy violence? What is called violence is nothing; seduction is the true violence.—I have blood, father; blood as youthful and warm as anybody's. My senses are senses.—I can warrant nothing. I am sure of nothing. I know Grimaldi's house. It is the house of pleasure. An hour there, under my mother's eyes—and there arose in my soul so much tumult as the strictest exercises of religion could hardly quiet in weeks.—Religion! And what religion?—To escape nothing worse, thousands sprang into the water and are saints.—Give me that dagger, father, give it to me....

Emilia.Once indeed there was a father who, to save his daughter from shame, drove into her heart whatever steel he could quickest find—gave life to her for the second time. But all such deeds are of the past! Of such fathers there are no more!

Odoardo.Yes, daughter, yes! (Stabs her.)]

[217][Or, "regulate" (richten)]

[218][richten]

[219]"Der Kommunismus in der Schweiz," p. 24.

[220]Ibid.p. 63.

[221][Cf. note p. 81.]

[222][Geistigkeit]

[223][Geistlichkeit]

[224]Rom. 1. 25.

[225][das Meinige]

[226][die—"Meinung"]

[227]P. 47 ff.

[228]Chamber of peers, Apr. 25, 1844.

[229]"Anecdota," 1. 120.

[230]"Anecdota," 1. 127.

[231][vernehmbar]

[232][Vernunft]

[233][Literally "thought-rid."]

[234][Sache]

[235][Sache]

[236]1 Thess. 5. 21.

[237][Andacht, a compound form of the word "thought."]

[238][See note on p. 112.]

[239][Einzige]

[240][eigen]

[241][geeignet]

[242][Stell' Ich auf Mich meine Sache.Literally, "if I set my affair on myself."]

[243]["Ich hab' Mein' Sach' auf Nichts gestellt." Literally, "I have set my affair on nothing." See note on p. 3.]

128 pages, representing more than 400 authors and listing nearly 1,000 titles, besides being enriched by about 600 pithy and epigrammatic quotations, of an Anarchistic and Egoistic character, from some of the works catalogued.

Benj. R. Tucker carries the most complete line of advanced literature in the English language offered for sale at any one place in the entire world.

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An Anarchistic journal, expounding the doctrine that in Equal Liberty is to be found the most satisfactory solution of social questions, and that majority rule, or democracy, equally with monarchical rule, is a denial of Equal Liberty.

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