Aged convicts,41Ages of prisoners received on conviction,221Aid-on-discharge (see 'Borstal,' and 'Central' Associations and Discharged Prisoners' Aid Societies),164Alcoholism and crime,160,211America, visits to,25,62,64,91Appeal, Court of Criminal,21Auburn and Philadelphian Systems,24,63Australia, Transportation to,27,31Aylesbury Borstal Institution,118Baker, Dr., Inquiry at Pentonville as to young offenders,86Bedford, Adeline, Duchess of,117Bermuda, convicts at,27Birmingham, Discharged Prisoners' Aid Society,166Birmingham Juvenile Court,102Board, Prison—Constitution of,18,46Borstal Association,92,95,118,182Borstal Committees at Local Prisons,96Borstal System,11,85,194,214" " and age of criminal majority,87" " its aims,11,83,98" " origin of name,85,92" " early stages,91" " statutory effect given to,94" " since the Act of 1908,94" " and the Act of 1914,100,121" " the "Modified",96,119,127" " for young women,118" " for young convicts,41,97,118" " regulations for,231" " remarks of Lord Chief Justice,95" " statistics of 'after-care',95,117,119" " labour of inmates,141Branthwaite, Dr., Inquiry into cases of inebriety,160Camp Hill Prison,52CantineSystem,165Cells, Certification of,64,68Census of convict population, 1901,49" prisoners fit for Hard Labour,132" " between the ages of 16 and 21,85Central Association for aid of discharged convicts,54,56,174,182Central Control Board (Liquor Traffic),225Central Discharged Prisoners' Aid Society,179Centralization of authority,69Chaplains of Prisons,5,129Children Act, 1908,101Classification (Convict) Inquiry of 1878,37" " present,40" " "Star" Class,37,40" (Local) Under the Act of 1823,62" " " " 1877,71" " " " 1898,78" " " " 1914,83Cockburn, Lord Justice,31,89Commission, Royal, 1863,30,34,43" " 1879,37,41Commissioners of Prisons, The,18Committals to Prison since 1881,219Committee on Prisons, 1832 and 1836,63" " 1850,65,67" " 1863,67" " 1895, Habitual criminals,39" " " separate confinement,42" " " Weakminded convicts,42" " " Local prisons,75" " " prisoners16-21,76,86" " " prison labour,136" " " and discharged prisoners,76Committees, Visiting &c.,32,46,53,70,123"Conditional conviction",107Convict Prisons,18,131Corporal Punishment,34,47,70,80Correction, Houses of,59Courts, The Criminal, and their punishments,19Cranks and treadwheels,67,77,134,137Crawford, Mr. W., Inspector of Prisons,25,62Crime and its causes,200Crime, Prevention of, Act of 1908,51,82,94Crimes, Prevention of, Act of 1871,36Criminal Appeal, Court of,21"Criminal Diathesis,",203Criminal Justice Administration Act, 1914,20,82" " " changes under,82" " " and Borstal System,100,121" " " decrease in committals,20,224Criminal, (clinical), laboratories,195Criminal Statistics, 1872 to 1914,216Criminal type, The,203Criminological Inquiry in English Prisons,198Death penalty, The,21Death-rate in Prisons,186Debating classes in prisons,8,128Defective children,105Defectiveness, mental, (See 'Mental')"Detention, Places of" for Juveniles,102Dietaries, Prison,145,188Directors of Convict Prisons, The,18Discipline, Progressive Reformatory, and Sir J. Jebb,29Discharged Prisoners' Aid Societies, early history,165" " " " under Act of 1877,167" " " " Conference of 1878,169" " " " and co-ordination of effort,15" " " " scheme of 1896,171" " " " " 1913,175" " " " Central Committee of,178(See also "Borstal Association" and "Central Association")Dover Harbour, last Public Works,13Drunkenness, Habitual, (See also 'Alcoholism' and 'Inebriety'),154" " statistics of,115,225Du Cane, Sir E.,71,73,75Earnings of prisoners,138Economy in administration,73Education in prisons,6,121Elementary Education (Defective & Epileptic Children) Acts 1899 & 1914,105,106Elmira State Reformatory,91Employment of prisoners (See 'Labour')Female prison population, statistics,114,223" " " and recidivism,115,122" convicts,47" prisoners in Preventive Detention,58" " superintendence by female staff, &c.,114,122" under the Borstal System,118Fines, committals in default of payment,20,224" release on part-payment,79,82" 'supervision' until payment,82First Division prisoners,71,78Gibraltar Prison,27Gloucester Refuge for discharged prisoners,166Goring, Dr. Chas. "A Criminological Inquiry",198Grant-Wison, Sir W.,92,174Gratuities, prisoners'—early convict system,27" high rate of, condemned,31" maximum earnable reduced to £3,36" English & continental systems,165" abolition of in Local Prisons,175" retained for certain classes,180Habitual Criminals Act, 1869,36Habitual Inebriates (see 'Inebriety')Habitual Offenders Division, proposed,39,50Hard Labour, definition of phrase,60,66,134" and Committee of 1863,67" and the cellular system,66" provisions of Act of 1865,68,134" " " 1877,70" present methods of enforcing,77" and the Act of 1914,83Heredity and environment,209Holloway Prison,114Hospital Staff of Prisons,197Howard, John,23,60,62Hulks, The,26Indeterminate sentence, the,55Individualization of prisoners,75,93Industrial labour in Prisons,136" prosperity and criminal statistics,160Inebriety, Committee of 1872,154" Act of 1879,155" Home Office Inquiry, 1892,155" Act of 1898,155,157" Types of inmates in Certified Reformatories,156" Infrequent use of Act of 1898,158" Committee of 1908,158,162" Mental state of inmates,161" Alcohol as a factor in crime,160" Analysis of 1,000 cases of,160(See also 'Drunkenness')Infectious disease in prisons,186Intermediate Class in Convict Prisons,40Irish System, The (1854),30,33Jebb, Sir Joshua,29Justices, Visiting,70Juvenile-Adult prisoners (see "Borstal")Juvenile Courts,102" Labour Bureaux and Exchanges,106" Offenders, commitment of,101" " statistics of committals,220Labour, Prison, The Act of 1865,68,134" " Recent changes,138" " Prior to Act of 1877,131" " and the inquiry of 1894,136" " revision of labour statistics,137" " increase in output,139" " Public Works,26,35,131" " Juvenile-Adults,140Labour, Prison, in Convict Prisons,131" " in Local Prisons,133" " during the Great War,140Lectures and addresses,6,128Libraries, prison,127Licensing system for convicts,34,38,54Local Prisons,18,59Lombroso, Professor,199London Prison Visitor's Association,92Long Sentence Division,41Mark System, in Convict Prisons,31,34" " in Local Prisons,81Mechanical tasks in Prisons,68,72,137Medical Officers of Prisons,185Mental defectiveness and crime co-operation between Justices and Police,16,193Mental defectiveness and inebriety,161" " duties of prison medical officers,185" " special prisons for cases of,190" " in prison, estimate of,191,207" " The Mental Deficiency Act, 1913,16,105,192,215" " Sir G. Newman, and prevention of,196" " Commission on Care and Control of Feeble-minded,190,207" " Dr. Goring's Inquiry,207Merxplas, Labour Colony at,148Metropolitan Asylums Board and Casual Wards,151Mettray Agricultural Colony,90Millbank Prison,44,62Misdemeanants, First Class,71,78Moral and religious influences in prisons,8,127National Society for Prevention of Crime,15,180New South Wales, Transportation to,24New York, State Probation Commission,113'Normal' and 'abnormal' man,201Oakum-picking in prisons,136Offences against the law,19Officers of Prisons,10,197'Panopticon' (J. Bentham),62Parkhurst Prison for young offenders,88Part-payment of fines,79,82Patronage (See 'Discharged Prisoners' Aid Societies')Pearson, Professor Karl,198PéculeSystem,165Penal Servitude: changes in System since 1894,39" " Act of 1853,28" " " 1857,28" " " 1864,34" " " 1891,38,39" " " 1898,46" " decrease in committals,38,219,230" Reformatories for young offenders,87Pentonville Prison,25,26,64,65Philadelphian and Auburn Systems,24,63Philanthropic Association,88Physical criminal type,203Police Supervision,20,33Population, prison-fall in (See also 'Statistics'),46,73,114,219,223Positive School of Criminology,199Prevention of Crimes Act, 1871,36Prevention of Crime Act, 1908,51,82,94Preventive Detention: the Advisory Committee,54,55" " conditional release,54" " definition of,49,57" " extension to penal servitude system,14" " objects of,12,51,52" " Memo, explanatory of Act of 1908,51" " 'parole' lines,53" " rules for,53,265" " statistics of men discharged,54Prison Act 1778,23,24,61" " 1781,61" " 1823,62" " 1824,25" " 1835,59,66" " 1839,64" " 1844,66" " 1865,67,134" " 1877,18,69,136" " 1898,46,78Prison Commission, The,18Prisons, &c. description of,18,60Prisons Reform, meaning of,1" " in the future,12Probation, Act of 1887, and Summary Jurisdiction Act, 1879,110" " 1907,21,111" New York State Probation Commission,112" indispensable to criminal justice,113" English and Foreign systems,107" national system of,13" statistics of,111Professional criminals,49,50Progressive Stage System,28,34,39Punishments for prison offences (See also 'Corporal Punishment'),34,47,68,70Public Works,26,35,131Recidivism, statistics of, &c.,115,183,221,229Recidivist class in convict prisons,41,57,230Reform, prison,1Reformatory Schools Act, 1854,89Remission of sentence,38,81Reporting to police,36,38Rules for the government of Prisons,66,67,71,78Sanitary condition of prisons,186Second Division prisoners,38Secondary Punishments,36Sentences to penal servitude, decrease in number,38" " " increase after Act of 1871,36" " " minimum term reduced,31,38Separate Confinement—and Pentonville Prison,25,26,64" " Reports of Commissioners of Pentonville,26,64" " History of,42" " present terms for convicts,46'Separate' and 'Silent' Systems,24,63Short sentences,73,83,224Silence, the law of,7'Special' class of convicts,40Spike Island,29Staff of Prisons,10,197Stages, Progressive,28,34,39'Star' Class,37,40State, transfer of prisons to,18,69,71Statistics, Criminal, Comparison of 1872-1914,216" showing committals of young offenders since 1848,220" prison, during the Great War, and since,223" " in times of industrial prosperity,160,226" " decrease in recidivism,183,222,229Stipendiary Magistrates,20Stretton Colony for young offenders,87Study-leave for Medical Officers,196Study in prison, facilities for,8Summary Jurisdiction, Courts of,20Supervision of young offenders,82"Sursis," law of,107,112Surveyor-General of Prisons,66Talking in prisons,7"Temporary Refuge for distressed criminals",165Ticket-of-leave (See also 'Licensing'),26,28,33Transportation, history of,23Travaux forcesand Hard Labour,30Treadwheels and cranks,67,77,134,137Triple Division of offenders in Local Prisons,78Tubercular disease in prisons,187Uniformity of system,66,67,69,72Unconvicted prisoners,71,194Vagrancy, early history of,142" the Act of 1824,20,142" "Begging and Sleeping-out",143" and Labour Colonies,148" Colony at Merxplas,148" and Way-ticket system,150" and Casual Wards,144,151" Committee of 1906,147" incorrigible rogues,143" Previous convictions and statistics,149,153,222Van Dieman's Land,24,27Visitors, Boards of,46Visiting Committees of Prisons &c.,32,53,70,123Wakefield Industrial Home,166War, criminal statistics and the,223" employment of prisoners,140" closing of prisons during,227Weakminded prisoners (See 'Mental Defectiveness')Whipping,20Works, Public,26,35,131Young Offenders, alternatives to committal to prison,101,109" " at Parkhurst,88" " decrease in commitments to prison,220" " concentration of effort upon,76,106" " supervision until fine is paid,82" " under sixteen years of age,20,101(See also under "Borstal" and "Juvenile")