Adkins, Mr, reports foreign atrocities, i.302,303; in charge of Peking legations, i.355; intimate with Hangki, ii.140; on mixed commission regarding redress of commercial grievances, ii.212; interview with Li, ii.244,245.Alabaster, Sir Challoner, ii.206,359.Alcock, John Rutherford—Chronological sequence of career—Birth and early years, i.1,2; medical education, i.2-4; visit to Paris, i.2; medical work, i.8; campaign in Portugal, i.14-20; campaign in Spain, i.21,22; publications on surgery, i.23,24; appointed Inspector of Anatomy, i.25; marriage, i.26; paralysis of hands, i.27; appointed consul at Foochow, i.29,116; residence at Amoy, i.116,117; at Foochow, i.117-122; Consular Reports (1845-46), i.123; appointed to Shanghai, i.126; Tsingpu affair, i.129-133; Taiping occupation of Shanghai, i.138,141; custom-house plans, i.148,151-154; promoted to Canton consulate, i.156; death of his wife, i.158; literary work, i.159; first furlough, i.159; Memorandum requested by Foreign Office, i.332; appointed Consul-General in Japan and granted title of Plenipotentiary, ii.14; arrival in Yedo, ii.15-17; journey up the Inland Sea, ii.36,42; expedition to Fujiyama, ii.41,42; leaves Yedo on furlough (1862), ii.50; made K.C.B., ii.70; completes 'The Capital of the Tycoon,' ii.70; made D.C.L. of Oxford University (1863), ii.484note; returns to Yedo, ii.70; second marriage, ii.73; recalled by Earl Russell, ii.87,88; leaves Japan, ii.91; publishes 'Art and Art Industries of Japan,' ii.102; publishes Japanese Grammar, ii.103; appointed minister to China, ii.130; efforts against coolie trade, ii.168,171,172; favours Burlingame mission, ii.194,195; departure for Europe, ii.218; criticisms of Far Eastern events, ii.476,477; work for Westminster Hospital, ii.478-480; various public and charitable works, ii.480,481,483; receives Jubilee medal from the Queen, ii.483; work regarding colonisation in Borneo, ii.485-488; illness and death, ii.488,489.Personal characteristics—Aggressiveness, ii.482.Alertness, ii.16,100.Appearance, i.117.Appreciative faculty, ii.139.Art, love of, i.2,4, ii.101.Common-sense, i.27.Courage and nerve, i.15-17,27, ii.100,126.Courtesy, ii.484.Duty, devotion to, i.15,18,157, ii.16,101,138,482.Energy, i.26,116, ii.16,482,484.Enthusiasm, i.27.Formality, ii.139.Geniality to intimates, ii.139.Grasp of fundamentals and breadth of view, i.116,122,143,162,166,204.Hospitality, ii.139.Industry, ii.139.Judgment and farsightedness, i.18,163, ii.484.Kindness and sympathy, ii.482.Loyalty, ii.138.Lucidity of style, i.26,166.Practical philosophy, i.161.Reserve, i.158, ii.121.Resolution, ii.101.Responsibility, fearlessness of, i.20,166,437, ii.16,489.Thoroughness and earnestness of purpose, i.18,27, ii.16,181,361,481.Alcock, Lady, marriage of, ii.73; death of, ii.489.Alcock, Mrs(néeBacon), marriage of, i.26; arrival in Foochow, i.120; death of, i.158.America, Americans (see alsoPowers)—British support advantageous to, i.437.Burlingame mission to, ii.192,193,196,197.Chinese trade with, i.168,177; Chinese traders in, i.270; "dummy" Chinaman evolved by, i.338,339; action against Chinese emigration, ii.174; Chinese youths educated in, ii.394,395.Custom-house co-operation omitted in treaty of, i.146; customs not levied by, at Shanghai in Taiping rebellion, i.149.Disputes of French and British with (1849), i.435.Foochow developed by, i.121,122,241.Japan, naval demonstration off, ii.2; Mr Harris's treaty, ii.3,5,39,99; Minister remains in Yedo during assassination period, ii.36; Japanese mission to, ii.47; artillery officers declined by Japanese, ii.110.Korean expedition from, ii.178,179.Li's visit to, ii.387.Missionaries from, in Yangtze expedition, i.370.Non-aggressive policy of, ii.468.Opium included in Tientsin treaty at instance of, i.342.Shipping industry in, i.224,228-230.Silk industry of, i.191.Taiping rebellion, joint action with British at Shanghai during, i.138.Tientsin Conference attended by (1854), i.311; at Tientsin later with Lord Elgin, i.331.Toleration clause in treaty of, ii.224.Amoy—Alcock's residence at, i.116,117.Opening of, i.115.'Times' pronouncement against, i.114.Amur, the, Russian acquisitions on, ii.252,422.Anatomy Act, Alcock appointed Inspector under, i.25,26.Anderson, Dr John, cited, ii.267.Annam, French conquest of, ii.253,324,325.A'Pak, exploit of, against lorchas, i.304,305.Arbuthnot, G., on Japanese currency, ii.19,22,23.Arrow, crew of, seized by Chinese, i.309; Lord Elgin's view of incident, i.323,324.Atami, Springs of, Alcock's visit to, ii.32,42.'Attaché at Peking, The,' cited, ii.444note.Australia, attitude of, towards Chinese emigrants, ii.174.Austria, envoy from, received in audience at Peking, ii.320,321.Baber, Colborne, ii.150,272,359.Bacon, Miss.SeeAlcock, Mrs.Baldwin, Major, assassination of, ii.91.Balfour, the Right Hon. A. J., speech of, regarding Russian ports, ii.425,430,432.Balfour, Captain George, i.124,128.Bernard, W. D., cited, i.63.Biegeleben, M., ii.320,321.Bird, Lieutenant, assassination of, ii.91.Birileff, Count, at Tsushima, ii.111-114.Blakiston, Captain, cited, i.370.Bonham, Sir George, succeeds Sir J. Davis at Hongkong, i.131; rebuffed by Seu, i.165; applies to Alcock for information, i.166;asked to defend Nanking against Taipings, i.312; Alcock's despatch to (1852), i.428-432.Borneo, Alcock's interest in British development of, ii.485-488.Bowring, Sir John, demands right of entry into Canton, i.160; Russian despatches brought to, i.233; plenipotentiary at Hongkong, i.309; dealings with Yeh, i.310,313,314; visit to Tientsin, i.311; protects factories at Canton, i.312; influenced towards strong measures, i.315; policy of, i.319,323note; superseded, i.319,320.Boxers, ii.462,463.Bright, the Right Hon. John, confidence of, in Sir R. Hart, ii.164-166; attitude of, towards China trade, ii.365,366.Brodie, Sir Benjamin, i.25.Brown, J. McLeavy, ii.194.Brown, Major-General, i.385,386,392.Browne, Colonel Horace, ii.266,267.Bruce, the Hon. Frederick—Tientsin treaty brought home by, i.335; repulsed at Taku forts, i.348; British minister at Peking, i.355; prohibits Englishmen from visiting Peking, i.363; adopts determined attitude, i.367; refuses to defend Ningpo, i.377; Gordon's interview with, i.383; supports Burgevine's cause, i.384,385; implicated in the Lay-Osborn flotilla failure, i.389,390; applauds Gordon's resentment against Li, i.392; policy and diplomacy, i.401-404,407; correspondence with Prince Kung, i.404-406,409; confuses legal authority of himself and Supreme Court, ii.124,125; succeeded by Alcock, ii.130; anecdote of his housekeeper, ii.152; relations with Inspector-General of Customs in Peking, ii.156,159,160.Burgevine, General, i.382,384-387.Burlingame, the Hon. Anson, mission of, as Chinese envoy, ii.192-198; Alcock's approval of the mission, ii.194,195; Alcock's subsequent view, ii.217; British Government influenced by mission, ii.208,209; negotiates American treaty giving full privileges to Chinese immigrants, ii.174; asserts Chinese welcome to missionaries, ii.232.Burma— Browne, Colonel H., expedition under, ii.266,267. King of, ii.269.Campbell, Duncan, ii.333.Canton—Alcock promoted to consulate of, i.156.Arrogant hostility and excesses of population, i.72,92,95-99,107,274,415,419.Arrow incident, i.309,323,324.Blockade of river (1839), i.61,63.Commerce carried on during hostilities, i.68,69, ii.158.Conditions of life in, in early days, i.33,34,46.D'Aguilar's destruction of river defences, i.102,103.Davies, Sir John, policy of, i.94,99-104,106-108.Entry, right of, refused, i.98,107,114,160,165,310,333,338.Factories attacked (1846), i.99; burned (1856), i.317. Foochow sensitive to disturbances in, i.119,314.French attack feared, ii.326-328.Merchants in, imprisoned, i.53,55; views of, disparaged, i.254; characteristics of, i.255; influence of, i.315; friction between Sir J. Davis and, ii.119."Merchants' War," i.316seq.Naval construction attempted at, ii.396.Occupation of, by Allied troops, i.328,342-345; Kowloon concession obtained during occupation, i.286; evacuated by Allies, i.396.Portuguese relief of, in sixteenth century, i.259; Portuguese crews slaughtered by Cantonese, i.304,305.Revolutionary conspiracies in neighbourhood of, ii.456.Shameen site acquired, i.330.Smuggling insignificant at, i.144,145.Taipings at, i.312.War of 1839-42—blockade of river, i.63; destruction of Bogue forts and junks, i.66; forts restored, i.67; recaptured, i.68; fire-raft attempts, i.71; British attack stopped by Elliot, i.71; ransom taken for the city, i.72,91;departure of British troops, i.72; evil effects of ransoming, i.108.War of 1857("The Merchants' War"), i.316seq.Weddell's bombardment of (1655), i.292.'Capital of the Tycoon, The,' passages quoted from, ii.10,15,31,32,71-73; independent judiciary advocated in, ii.126.Ceylon, growth of tea trade with, i.184,185.Challenger, i.235-238.Chamberlain, Basil Hall, quoted, ii.96note.Chang Chih-tung, rudeness of, regarding the Czarevitch, ii.322,323; characteristics and policy of, ii.380,381.Chang Yi, ii.317.Chantrey, Sir F. L., Alcock's studies under, i.2.Chefoo—Convention of.See underTreaties.Czarevitch to be received at, ii.322.Early exploration of, i.221,222.Chêkiang, Taiping campaign in, i.380,394.Chesney, Colonel, i.99,100.China (for particular persons, towns, &c., see their titles)—Admiralty board, ii.317,318,392,393.Army—Abuses in, ii.398.Arms, diversity of, ii.391,393,399.Discipline lax, i.137.Honour, military, non-existent in, i.140.Li's efforts for, ii.188,190,391,397.Black Flags, ii.325.Boxers, ii.462,463.Chose jugée, instance of, ii.280.Commerce.See that title.Commercial community in Britain keenly alive to affairs in, i.87.Consuls.See below underForeigners.Coolie trade, i.295, ii.168-174.Corruption and laxity inherent in government of, i.155,192.Court—Audience, right of, approved by Li, ii.186; granted by Emperor Tungchih (1873), ii.260,261; by Kwanghsu (1891), ii.318-320.Chinese, not Manchu, influence predominant at, i.84.Dynastic arrangements of the Empress-Dowager, ii.264,313,455and note,456.Flight of, i.354, ii.436; proposed removal during Japanese War, ii.474note.Custom-house.See below underTaxation.Decentralisation the principle of government, i.388,402,407,408.Drift, policy of, ii.324.Emigration, ii.168,169,171-174."Ever Victorious Army," campaign of, i.382-387;disbandment of, i.393.Exhibition of 1851, represented at, i.200-202, ii.101,102.Foreigners—Aims of, i.368.Assistance from, distrusted, i.387; made use of, ii.385,386; faithfully rendered, ii.393,394.Conciliatory and subservient attitude of British, i.35-41,56,118,253,415; of Portuguese, i.287.Confidence between native merchants and, i.48.Consistent attitude of, desirable, i.340, ii.222.Consular Courts, drawbacks of, ii.125,126,354,356,357.Consular officials, peculiar responsibilities of, i.30,79,85,92note,128,130, ii.353,354,360; numbers and qualifications of, ii.358,359.Degradation and indignities imposed upon, i.33,35-40,55-58,60,118,163,411,415.Force, policy of, the condition of security for, i.39,40,61,80,90,106,119,426,437-439, ii.221,222.Hatred and contempt for, i.313,419, ii.29,440,441,443-446,461,463,464.Ignorance of Chinese prevalent among, i.338,339,361,362,398.Immunity for wrongs against, i.436,440,441.Inland residence, Alcock's view of, ii.450,451.Legation, British.SeeGreat Britain—Peking.Legations, diplomatic difficulties of, i.398-401; relieved by military force, ii.437.Life-and-death jurisdiction over, claimed by government, i.57.Negotiation with, Chinese view of, ii.274note,437.Pioneers, general character of, i.31-33.Policy adopted towards—"rule by misrule," i.35,403; perfidy and denial of human rights, i.36,78-80,84,85,90,342; resistance and ejection,38,111,311,331,366,367, ii.437; degradation in the eyes of the people, i.163,411; "refractory subjects" treatment, i.313.Proclamations and placards against, i.56,58,65,70,96,314,317,342,360,435, ii.236,242.Supreme Court for China and Japan, ii.355-358.Fortifications, ii.397.Futai, position of, i.381.Helplessness and paradoxical position of, ii.418,421,422,433,452.Hong merchants, i.40note.Hoppo, position of, i.44,45.Illegality of administration in, i.43.International ethics of, i.86.Japanese War(1894), Li's responsibilities regarding, ii.386,387; no reasonable cause for, ii.410; deprecated by Russia, ii.411; sinking of the Kowshing, ii.410,411; bombardment of Têngchow, i.220; China's defeat, ii.411-413; universal applause, ii.413,414; indemnity exacted, ii.415; indemnity supplied by Russian loan, ii.421; results of the war, ii.447; proposed removal of Chinese Court during, ii.474note.Junks—Build and appearance of, i.246,247.Chinese authorities' control of, i.113,275,308.Coasting trade conducted by, in China and Japan, i.246.Convoy system, i.302-304.Grain fleet blockaded at Shanghai (1845), i.131-133;blockaded by French in Tongking quarrel, ii.332."Shantung junks," i.220.Value of trade by, at Foochow, i.209.Korea, relations with.SeeKorea.Lorchas, tonnage of, i.247; atrocities connected with, i.304,305; colonial registers granted to, i.305,309.Maritime Customs.See below underTaxation—Custom-house.Missionaries.See that title.Moral force the sanction of rule, ii.370and note,385.Navy—Beginnings of, ii.396.Board of Admiralty, ii.317,318,392,393.British instruction in, ii.395.Li's efforts for, ii.391,396.Nepotism in, ii.398-400.Organisation lacking in, ii.401,412,413.Peiyang Squadron, ii.395,400.Tradition, unhampered by, ii.398.Nepotism in, ii.398-400.Opium trade.See that title.Passports, two forms of, ii.267.Piracy.See that title.Populace, excesses of, connived at by Government, i.95,97,98,364; coerced by Government, i.108,109; feared by Government, i.109,424; direct diplomatic negotiations with, i.109-111."Progress," no word for, ii.136.Provincial officials, smuggling undertaken by, i.44,45; power of, ii.184,372; responsibility of, ii.441,442.Punishments, difficulties of ensuring, i.426,427; not inflicted for wrongs against foreigners, i.436,440,441.Real estate, importance of, i.176,177,434; missionary problem complicated by question of, ii.234,235.Rhubarb exported from, i.168.Salt trade, i.210,439-442, ii.188.Smuggling.See that title.Supreme Court, award given against Alcock by, ii.124; independence of, ii.354;removal of, to Shanghai, ii.355; subordinated to British legation, ii.358.TaipingRebellion—Burgevine's defection to rebels, i.386.Canton, at, Yeh asks British aid against, i.312.Chêkiang campaign against, i.380,394.Commerce continued during, i.148.Devastation caused by, i.375,377,378,350,381,394, ii.449.End of, i.394.Foreign desperadoes attacked by, i.303.Imperial measures against, i.381; view of, i.395,396.Magnitude of, i.135.Maritime Customs the important outcome of, i.142.Nanking, capture of, i.136.Ningpo, capture of, i.376,377.Russian attitude towards, i.394,395.Shanghai captured, i.136; besieged by Imperial troops, i.137; collision between foreigners and troops, i.137,138; French bombardment of city, i.139; rebel refugees in, i.141,142; departure of rebels from, i.156.Yangtze, rebel strongholds and operations on the, i.369,371-375.Taotai, status of, i.129.Taxation—Custom-house—Chefoo Convention provisions of, ii.277,278,280,281,286,287.Hongkong, station at, desired by Chinese, i.276; refused, ii.216; established, i.276, ii.288.Korea, established in, ii.295.Macao, established at, ii.288.Maritime Customs Inspector, position and work of, in Peking, ii.156-160,162-167.Revision of treaty made an affair of, ii.213,216,217.Shanghai, at, unsatisfactory conditions of, i.145-147,435,436; customs collected by consuls, i.148; promissory notes cancelled by British Government, i.148,155; American exemption, i.149; re-establishment of custom-house, i.151; period of free trade, i.152; Alcock's scheme of mixed control, i.152-154.Inland, proposed commutation of, ii.214-216,218; commutation provided by treaty (1869), ii.219,220; area of, increased by Chefoo Convention, ii.277,278,280,281.Likintaxes, German minister's view of, ii.218; nature of, ii.280note; grievance of, ii.285.Native trade, on, i.210.Tributaries, position towards, ii.258.Tsungli-Yamên—Audience difficulties raised by, ii.319,320.Ch'ing, Prince, a member of, ii.154,313.Circular addressed to Provincial Governors by, ii.182,183.Creation of, i.360.Etiquette, codification of, suggested for, ii.279.Formosa riots, action regarding, ii.205.Function of, i.399.Gordon's representations to, ii.292.Helplessness of, ii.419.Ito's attempt to negotiate with, ii.302.Korean expedition urged by, ii.408.Kung, Prince, a member of, i.360; dismissed by Empress, ii.312.Margary murder, action regarding, ii.267.Maritime Customs Inspector, attitude towards, ii.160.Mixed commission regarding redress of commercial grievances, represented on, ii.211.Yangchow affair, action in, ii.202.War with Great Britain (1839-1842).See underCanton; with Great Britain (1857), i.316seq.; with Great Britain and France (1860), i.349-354; with Japan (1894).See aboveJapanese War;Women, position of, ii.140,141.Chinese—Appearances valued by, i.192.Commercial aptitude and honesty of, i.33,34,263-270, ii.28.Industry of, i.284.Japanese contrasted with, ii.8,27-29,130,131,259.Kindliness of, i.289, ii.155.Manchus contrasted with, i.80,81,83,84.Toleration of, ii.228,233.War customs of, i.352.Ch'ing, Prince, anecdote of, ii.153,154; efficiency of, as president of Tsungli-Yamên, ii.313.Chinnery, George, i.298.Choshiu.SeeNagato, Prince of.Christianity (see alsoMissionaries), toleration clause for, in Tientsin treaty, i.332; Chinese view of, ii.349.Ch'un, Prince, son of, adopted as Emperor by Empress-mother, ii.262; made Empress's coadjutor, ii.264,313; voyage of, ii.316,317; illness and death of, ii.318; memorial regarding Vatican mission submitted to, ii.344.Chunghou, Tientsin massacre foreseen by, ii.239; mission to France, ii.241; to Russia, ii.291; establishes arsenal at Tientsin, ii.392.Chungking, residence in, opposed, ii.278; persecutions of Christians in, ii.351.Chusan, capture and occupation of, i.64; reoccupied, i.75; retained till 1846, i.91; restored, i.99; contrasted with Hongkong, i.273.Clarendon, Lord, Mr Burlingame's success with, ii.197,198,208,209; reprimands Mr Medhurst, ii.207,208; trusted by Lord Palmerston, ii.365.Cochin China, French conquests in, ii.253,324.Commerce—China, in—Alcock's despatch on trade between Europe, India, and China, i.204-206; his investigations prior to revision of treaty, ii.181.Aptitude of Chinese for, i.33,34,263-270, ii.28.Arbitrary interference of Chinese Government with, i.35.Balance of trade against China, i.42,171.British treaty the model for others, ii.6.Chefoo Convention, internal taxation area increased by, ii.277,278,280,281.Chinese language essential to commercial agents, i.253.Code of law, establishment of, suggested, ii.279.Co-hong system, i.40note,266.Compradoric system, i.266,267.Confidence between Chinese and foreigners, i.48.Drawbacks to, i.169,170.Imports and exports, nature of, i.168; present value of, i.171note; shipments from United Kingdom in various years, i.203.Intercourse of British and Americans with China caused by, i.167.Losses in early days, i.172-175.Merchants in Britain, Chinese affairs closely followed by (1839-40), i.87-89; merchants in China, aims and work of, i.248-253; complaints of, i.253,254, ii.119; influence of, i.254,315; characteristics of, i.255-263; representations of, to Lord Elgin, i.322."Merchants' War," i.316seq.Mixed Commission regarding redress of grievances, ii.211,212.Native trade, i.207-210.Peking, in, ii.148,149.Pioneer expeditions (1859), i.220.Ports overcrowded with goods, i.224; number open in 1861, i.402.Precarious position of, i.35,412,413,419.Real estate a valuable asset, i.176,177.Shipments from United Kingdom in various years, values of, i.203.Simplicity of, i.168.Transit of goods, ii.214-216,218-220.Value of, in 1839, i.87.War no bar to, i.68,69,148, ii.158.Gold discoveries a stimulus to, i.227.Japan, in—Development of, ii.116-118.Merchants, preference of, for Yokohama to Kanagawa, ii.17,18,123; regret of, at Alcock's recall, ii.89; interests of, at variance with diplomatic, ii.119-124,126.Methods of, ii.27,28.Profits of, in early days, ii.20note,29.Value of, annually, ii.117note.Opium,Silk,Tea.See those titles.Straits, with, suggested by Alcock, i.208.Comprador, position of, i.266,267.Confucianism, i.229.Consular Court system, drawbacks of, ii.125,126,354,356,357.Cooke, Wingrove, quoted, i.252,253,300,303-305,339; cited, i.317,322,323and note,325.Coolie trade, i.295, ii.168-174.Cooper, W. M., on coolie trade, ii.170.Cowell, George, appreciation of Alcock, ii.479,480.Curzon, the Hon. George, speech regarding Russian pledge concerning Korea, ii.424,430.Czarevitch, visit of, to China and Japan, ii.321-323.Daimios.See underJapan.Davis, Sir John, Manchus and Chinese contrasted by, i.80,81; policy of, in Canton, i.94,99-104,106-108; diplomatic negotiations with the populace, i.109-111; succeeds Sir H. Pottinger, i.116; policy regarding Foochow, i.119; Canton merchants' complaints against, ii.119; decision of, reversed by Supreme Court, ii.124.De Mas, M., anecdote of, ii.444note.De Quincey cited, i.133note.Delamarre, M., ii.230note.Delaplace, Mgr., ii.341,342,394.Detring, G., accompanies Prince Ch'un on his voyage, ii.317; relations with Capt. Fournier, ii.327; summoned to Tientsin, ii.328; assists Li regarding Mr Dunn's mission, ii.345.Dunn, J. G., ii.344-346.Dupont, M., Alcock's studies under, i.5.Dutch—Japanese instructed by, ii.98.Macao, commercial establishment at, i.291.Nagasaki, ii.10,11.Portuguese commercial rivalry with, i.291.Promptness of, as paymasters, i.11.East India Company—Commercial methods of, i.175.Employees pampered by, i.211-214,260.Macao, commercial establishment at, i.291.Officials of, employed in Chinese consular posts, i.38,80.Opium trade of, i.198,199.Shipping of, i.211-215.Subservience of, towards Chinese, i.37,38,88,253.Tea trade developed by, i.182,183.Eitel, Dr, cited, i.63,199note,273,301.Elgin, Earl of, cruise in the Furious, i.223; contrasts Hongkong and Chusan, i.273; on Tientsin conference (1854), i.311; conduct of Hongkong affairs, i.320-329; aversion to his Chinese mission, i.320,323-327; services in Indian Mutiny, i.321; concludes Tientsin treaty, i.331,334; hurried departure from Tientsin, i.333,335,336; visit to Japan, i.335,336; diplomatic success there, i.347, ii.1,5,6,99; defends his China policy in House of Lords, i.337; predisposed to illusions regarding Chinese, i.339; misgivings as to Chinese good faith, i.340,347; return to Shanghai, i.343,347; negotiates with Treaty Commissioners at Shanghai, i.343,344; estimate of, i.346-348; voyage up the Yangtze (1558), i.347,370; second mission to China, i.349; negotiations with Prince Kung, i.329,352,353; succeeded by his brother, i.355.Elliot, Captain Charles, subservience of, to Chinese, i.40,41,54; offers to suppress opium trade, i.48,49; surrenders opium cargoes, i.53,54; imprisoned in Canton, i.53,55; appointed joint-plenipotentiary with Rear-Admiral Elliot, i.64; left in sole charge, i.65-71;recalled, i.74; confidence of, in Chinese, i.66,69,70; contradictory nature of his commission, i.92note; strictures on opium trade, i.199.Elliot, Rear-Admiral the Hon. George, i.63-65.Empress—Dowager of China, Prince Ch'un the coadjutor of, ii.264,313;coup d'étatexecuted by, ii.264,313,455; enmity with Prince Kung, ii.264,312; attitude towards Li, ii.264,329,387; view of Tongking affair, ii.329,334; characteristics of, ii.373; power of, ii.455and note; reformers punished by, ii.458.Eulenberg, Count, i.366, ii.40.Evans, General de Lacy, appreciation of Alcock, i.14; Alcock under, in Spanish Legion, i.21."Ever-Victorious Army," campaign of, i.382-387; disbandment of, i.393.Exhibition of 1851, Alcock's collection of exhibits for, i.200-202, ii.101,102; influence of, on foreign trade, i.227.Exhibition of 1862, Alcock's collection of samples for, ii.102,484.Exhibition, Paris, Alcock British Commissioner to, ii.485.Favier, Bishop, ii.144,346,347.Foochow—Alcock's appointment as consul at, i.116; his commercial researches at, i.200.American enterprise a stimulus to tea trade at, i.121,122,241.Canton disturbances reflected in, i.119,314.Naval construction attempted at, ii.396; naval school at, ii.400.Opening of (1844), i.115; further development of, i.240.Situation and importance of, i.117,119,120.'Times' pronouncement against, i.114.Trade at, nature of, i.118,121,122,241; sea-borne trade at, i.209.Formosa—French blockade of, ii.333.Japanese invasion of, ii.255.Missionary riots in, ii.203-205,207.Fortune, Robert, i.182,183.Fournier, Captain, ii.327-330.France, French (see alsoPowers)—Aggressive policy of, ii.465,466.British cordially supported by, in China, i.377,379; in Japan, ii.45,81,105; regarding Chinese emigration, ii.172.Cochin China, conquest of, ii.253,324.Concession of land obtained by (1849), i.138,139,435; extorted by (1895), ii.419.Coolie trade, efforts against, ii.172.Customs Inspector proposed by Alcock from consular service of, i.153.Elgin followed to Tientsin by, i.331.Loan to China, ii.421.Missionary enterprise of, ii.175-177,224,225,229-232,234,237,238,253; protectorate of Christians the aim of, ii.336-342,346-352.Peking campaign (1860), i.349-354.Russia supported by, after Japanese War, ii.415; their approval of French acquisitions, ii.419.Shanghai settlement and "concession" of, i.138,139,435.Silk industry of, i.191.Taipings' support by British resented by, i.141.Tientsin Conference attended by (1854), i.311.Tongking quarrel, ii.325-334.Yangtze expedition of MM. Simon and Dupuis, i.371.Freeman-Mitford, Mr, anecdote cited from, ii.444note.Fujiyama, Alcock's expedition to, ii.41,42.Futai, position of, i.381.Germany, Germans (see alsoPowers)—Aggressive policy of, ii.465,466.Alcock, appreciation of, by Peking resident, ii.138.Anglo-German agreement, ii.467,468,473.Armenian massacres, attitude towards, ii.449note.Chinese attitude towards, i.366.Influence of, increasing, ii.253,254.Japanese attitude towards, ii.40.Kiaochow.See that title.Korean expedition of, ii.179.Military instruction of Chinese undertaken by, ii.395.Missionaries kept to their nationality, ii.338.Peking, legation established in, ii.254.Propagandism unmasked by, ii.454.Russia supported by, after Japanese War, ii.415.Shantung sphere of, disturbances in, ii.462.Silk industry of, i.191.Toleration clause in treaty of, ii.225note.Transit duty extension, Count Bernstorff on, ii.218.Gibson, Mr, ii.204-206,208.Giquel, Prosper, i.394.Gordon, Captain C. G., commands the "Ever-Victorious Army," i.383-387; quarrels with Li, i.392,393; honoured by Chinese Government, i.395; attempts at intercourse with Chinese, i.399; appreciated by Li, ii.189; summoned by Chinese Government, ii.291,292.Gorogiu, function of the, ii.108.Grant, Sir Hope, i.348,349,352.Granville, Lord, negotiates ratification of Chefoo Convention, ii.284-287.Great Britain (see alsoPowers)—Anglo-German agreement, ii.467,468,473.Borneo, colonisation in, ii.485-487.Good faith of, recognised by Chinese, i.83, ii.190.Inconsistent policy of, in China, i.432,433.Japanese War, attitude towards, ii.413-416,433.Loan offered to China, ii.420; forced on her, ii.434.Narrowness of view among politicians in, i.319.Naval instruction of Chinese undertaken by, ii.395.Non-aggressive policy of, ii.468.Peking, Legation in—Chinese Secretaryship, ii.132,362,363,367.Deterioration in personnel of, ii.360-362,364,366,367.Establishment of, i.355.Intelligence department defective, ii.415,423.Subordination of, to Inspector-General of Customs, ii.165,166.Supreme Court for a time subordinate to, ii.358.Russian acquisitions, attitude towards, ii.423-433.Weihai-wei seized by, ii.434.Yedo,Legationin, assaulted, ii.36-38; indemnity demanded, ii.65,66; burnt, ii.62andnote.Greenwell, Dora, appreciation of 'Life's Problems' expressed by, i.159.Gros, Baron, i.321,349, ii.230.Gurdon, Lieutenant, ii.205.Guthrie, G. J., Alcock's medical studies under, i.2; recommends Alcock to Mr O'Meara, i.9.Hakodate, opening of, for ships' supplies, ii.4; neglected by merchants, ii.12; Russian representative at, ii.104.Hankow—Abandonment of, by inhabitants in Taiping scare, i.374.Consular officer established at, i.373.Development of, i.224,225.Elgin's voyage to (1858), i.347.Hope's visit to (1861), i.223.Harris, Townsend, ii.3,5,39,99.Hart, Sir Robert, temporarily Inspector-General of Chinese Maritime Customs, i.387; implicated in the Lay-Osborn flotilla failure, i.388-390; an authority on Gordon's reconciliation with Li, i.193; position and work of, as Inspector-General of Customs in Peking, ii.157,160,162-167; appointed British Minister in China, but resigns post, ii.166; on Mixed Commission regarding redress of commercial grievances, ii.211-215; action in the Margary murder case, ii.274; influence on the Chefoo Convention, ii.276; invites Gordon to help Chinese, ii.292; obtains recall of Tibetan mission, ii.310; obtains peace with France, ii.333; 'Fortnightly Review' paper cited, ii.461.Hodges, Colonel, takes Alcock on to his staff, i.9,10; appreciation of Alcock, i.14.Holt, Mr, ii.203,204,208.Hong merchants, i.40note.Hongkong—Administration of, i.277,278.Advantages of site, i.273,274,277,284.Alcock's visit to (1869), ii.219.Bank of, i.284,285.British contempt for, i.115; Government's attitude towards, i.276.Buildings in, i.282,283.Cession of, and occupation by British, i.67.Chinese traders and mechanics in, i.73; shipowners in, i.247,308; escaped criminals numerous, i.275; improvement of general character, i.277-282,284.Chusan contrasted with, i.273.Coolie trade, efforts against, ii.168,169.Cost of voyage to, in early days, i.258.Customs station at, desired by Chinese, i.276; refused, ii.216; established, i.276, ii.288.Development of, i.73,274-286.Dislike of, by diplomatic and consular officials, i.273,276,320, ii.355; by Chinese Government, i.275, ii.216.Early record of (1816), i.272.Elgin's aversion to, i.273,320.Emigration from, ii.173.Industries of, i.283,284.International character of, i.285.Junk trade under Chinese control, i.113,275,308.Kiying House, i.316.Macao contrasted with, i.287,294.Piracy headquarters at, i.302,305.Pottinger, Sir H., first governor of, i.112.Reformers safe in, ii.459.Schools in, i.281,282.Supreme Court in, ii.354,355.Tonnage entered and cleared at, in 1898, i.277note.Yokohama guard despatched from, ii.77.Hong-tjyong-on, ii.299-302.Hope, Admiral Sir James, Yangtze formally opened by, i.223; commands British naval contingent in Peking campaign, i.349; repulsed at Taku forts (1859), i.350; visits Peking, i.365; relations with Taipings, i.370-373,375-379; opinion on Taiping Rebellion, i.375; vigorous policy of, i.376; friendship with Admiral Protêt, i.379; comradeship with Ward, i.382; advises strong measures in Japan, ii.55; scheme for offensive measures in Japan, ii.59; correspondence with Capt. Birileff regarding Tsushima, ii.111-114.Hoppo, position of, i.44,45.Hsienfêng, Emperor, death of, i.397.Hu Lin-yi, ii.377.Huang, Governor-General, i.342,343.Hunter, W. C., quoted, i.34,46-48, ii.20note; cited, i.82.Hwang-chu-ke, massacre of Englishmen at, i.104,108.Ignatieff, General, assists Sir H. Grant, i.353,354; negotiates cession of Vladivostock, i.357,358; attitude towards British Legation and Chinese, i.359.Ilipu, Commissioner, i.76,77,81.India—Alcock's visit to (1869), ii.219.Calcutta Convention, ii.312.Chinese imports from, i.168.East India Company.See that title.Elgin's opportune arrival in, i.321.Gordon summoned from, ii.292.Opium trade.See that title.Tea trade, i.182-186.Tibetan expedition, ii.305-310.Inouyé, Count, British Legation building burnt by, ii.62note; return from Europe and mission to Choshiu, ii.80,81; mission to Korea, ii.302.Ito, Count, return from Europe and mission to Choshiu, ii.80,81; mission to Peking, ii.302.Japan (for particular persons, towns, see their titles)—Aggressive policy of, ii.254-256,465,466.Art of, ii.102,103.Assassination period in, ii.35-38.Chinese War.See underChina.Consuls in, peculiar responsibilities of, ii.121.Currency of, ii.18-27.Customs of, ii.33.Czarevitch's visit to, ii.323.Daimios—Coinage of, ii.25,26.Hostility of, to foreigners, ii.38-41,43.Legation guards provided by, ii.51,53.Processions of, ii.34,56.Tycoon's relation to, ii.38,60-65,67,68,76,93.Elgin's visit to, i.335,336; his diplomatic success, i.347, ii.1,5,6,99.Exhibition of 1862, represented at, ii.102,484.Foreigners, supervision of, ii.8; early pleasant relations with, ii.9,29-31; hatred of, ii.38-41,43,58,77,93; retrograde policy towards, ii.47-49; use made of, ii.95-98,130,131,191,255; help of, declined when unasked, ii.110.Formosa invaded by, ii.255.Gorogiu, function of the, ii.108.Hong's vendetta pursued in, ii.300,301.Inland Sea, Alcock's expedition up, ii.36,42; Prince of Nagato's blockade of, ii.69,76,77.Korea, treaty with, ii.256,257; Korean outbreak against, ii.294,297,298; equality with China in, ii.302,303,389; aggression in, ii.406,407,409.Liao-tung claimed by, ii.429.Liuchiu Islands claimed by, ii.256.Opening of, to foreign intercourse (1858), i.225.Portuguese expelled from, i.291.Prosperity of, ii.32."Rudeness," term for, ii.34note.Russian admiral in, i.395.Samurai, anecdote of, ii.33note1.Silk industry of, i.188,191note.Sport in, ii.127-129.Japanese—Chinese contrasted with, ii.8,27,29,130,131,259.Combination, power of, ii.94.Imitation, faculty of, ii.94-97.Practical comprehension of circumstances, ii.7.Seriousness of, ii.94.Tenacity and resolution of, ii.16,93.Junks.See underChina.Kanagawa—American treaty signed at, ii.39.Massacre of Russians at, ii.35.Moss, Mr, arrested for shooting game near, ii.123,128.Opening of (1859), ii.12.Riding party from, attacked, ii.55-57.Yokohama preferred to, by foreign merchants, ii.17,18,123.Kang Yu-wei, reform programme of, ii.457,458.Kashgaria, rebellion in, ii.290,291.Kennedy, Vice-Admiral Sir W. R., cited, i.317,318.Keppel, Admiral, diary entry regarding opium clipper, i.217; appreciation of Dent's hospitality, i.294,316; operations against war-junks, i.317,318; aids Consul Medhurst in Yangchow affair, ii.202; report on Formosa missionary affair, ii.204; details force to aid Mr Gibson, ii.205; appreciation of Chunghou, ii.239.Kiaochow, German seizure of, ii.421; British opinion, ii.423; Russian attitude, ii.431.Kim Ok Kun, ii.298-302.Kishen, appointment of, to negotiate with British, i.65; conciliatory manner of, i.67; good faith and courtesy of, i.81,82.Kiying, Commissioner, appointed to treat with Sir H. Pottinger, i.76,77; courtesy of, i.82; pleasant nature of intercourse with, i.94,95; impotence of, before Cantonese, i.97; high-handed manner of, after restoration of Chusan, i.99; agreement concluded with (1847), i.103,107; effects postponement of foreign entry into Canton, i.107; popular memorial to Sir J. Davis inspired by, i.110; affability of, to governor of Hongkong, i.112,113; supplementary treaty with, i.113; no redress from, against a Chih-hsien, i.426.Korea—American expeditions to, ii.178,179.China, tribute embassies to, ii.148;reverence for, ii.259; embassy of condolence from, ii.404,405; privileges of, ii.406.Foreign ferment in, ii.295.French annexation of, ii.176,177.Hong honoured by Court, ii.301,302.Japanese, treaty with, ii.256,257; brutality of, ii.259; equality of, with China, ii.302,303,389; aggression of, ii.406,407,409.Jesuit propagandism in, ii.175.Opening of, by China, ii.259.Port Hamilton incident, ii.303,305.Russian pledge regarding, ii.424,425.Söul,émeutein, ii.294,296-298.Kowloon, concession of, acquired by Parkes, i.286,330.Kuldja, Russian claims regarding, ii.290-293.Kung, Prince, Lord Elgin's negotiations with, i.329,352,353; signs Peking treaty, i.354; deceived by Ignatieff, i.358; member of Tsungli-Yamên, i.360; Gordon's interviews with, i.383; implicated in the Lay-Osborn flotilla failure, i.389,390; executescoup d'état, i.397,398; correspondence with British Minister, i.403-406, 409; high-handed tone of, i.410; intimate relations with British Legation, ii.134,135; efforts against coolie trade, ii.171,172; declines responsibility for Korean persecutions, ii.176; action in Yangchow affair, ii.202; circular regarding missionaries, ii.231; Sir T. Wade's remonstrance to, on Chinese official tone, ii.244; present at audience of foreign Ministers, ii.261; imperial claims of, ii.263; enmity between Empress and, ii.264,312; action regarding Margary case, ii.274; dismissed by Empress, ii.312; efforts regarding Pei-t'ang Cathedral, ii.342; moderating influence of, ii.374; vetoes proposed assassination of Li, ii.387.Kuper, Rear-Admiral Sir Augustus, attack on Satsuma, ii.67; operations against Prince of Nagato, ii.80,81; appeals to Foreign Office regarding Alcock's recall, ii.89.Kwanghsu, Emperor, selected by Empress, ii.263; comes of age, ii.318; childlessness of, ii.456; reform programme adopted by, ii.458.Kweiliang, i.334,360.Lane-Poole, Stanley, cited, i.117,316.Lang, Captain, ii.396,400,412.Lay, H. N., residence of, at Foochow, i.118note; Inspector-General of Customs, i.155; negotiates Tientsin treaty, i.331; Osborn flotilla fiasco, i.387-391; summary of Chinese affairs (1858-63), i.409,410; fidelity to Chinese Government, ii.160; observation on residence of Ministers, ii.261; representative of consular training school, ii.363.Lay-Osborn flotilla, i.387-391; Wênsiang and Prince Kung discredited by failure of scheme, ii.375,391.Lekin, likin.See underChina—Taxation.Lhassa, Bengali's friendly visits to, ii.305; Indian expedition attempted, ii.306-310; protracted negotiations at, ii.311,312.Li Han-Chang, ii.272.Li Hung-Chang, foreigners enlisted by, i.381,382; dismisses Burgevine, i.385,387; rejects the Lay-Osborn flotilla, i.391; Gordon's quarrel with, i.392,393; memorial of, regarding revision of treaty, ii.184-190; influence of, in foreign affairs, ii.190,264,313,314; succeeds Tsêng Kwo-fan and Chunghou, ii.242; interview with Consul Adkins, ii.244,245; negotiates opening of Korea, ii.259; ascendancy of, in imperial counsels, ii.264,329; appointed to treat with Sir T. Wade on Margary murder, ii.274,275; negotiates Chefoo Convention, ii.275-277; Gordon's interviews with, ii.292; action in Koreanémeute, ii.294; Count Ito's negotiations with, ii.302; arranges voyage of Prince Ch'un, ii.316; deputed to meet the Czarevitch at Chefoo, ii.322; Annam negotiations, ii.325; summons Mr Detring to Tientsin, ii.328; concludes Fournier Convention, ii.329; arranges Vatican mission, ii.345; opposed by Tso Tsung-tang, ii.379; characteristics and policy of, ii.381-386; promotes naval and military reform, ii.382,391,396,397; no anti-foreign outbreaks in province of, ii.383,442; responsibilities of, regarding Japanese War, ii.386,387; progressive efforts of, ii.395; opposed to Korean expedition, ii.408; agrees to Manchurian branch of Siberian railway, ii.423.Liao-tung—Japanese occupation of, ii.414; cession of, for indemnity, ii.415.Russian acquisition of, ii.422,423.'Life's Problems,' appreciation of, i.159.Likatchoff, Commodore, ii.112,114.Lin, Commissioner, measures of, against opium trade, i.51-54; demands life-and-death jurisdiction, i.57; reply of, to Macaese, i.58; superseded, i.65; custom-house administration of, i.435.Lindsay, W. S., cited, i.237; quoted, i.242.Liuchiu Islands, ii.256.Livadia, treaty of, ii.291.Lorchas.See underChina.Lowder, Mrs, Alcock's marriage with, ii.73.Macao(see alsoPortuguese)—British refugees expelled from, i.58,272,293; plenipotentiaries repair to, i.65.Celebrities of, i.297,298.Clerks from, i.259.Coolie trade at, ii.169,174.Custom-house established at, ii.288.Elliot's retirement to, i.41.Hongkong contrasted with, i.287,294.Peacefulness and salubrity of, i.287,288,292-294.Piracy tolerated at, i.295,296.Population of, i.294,295.Portuguese occupation of, i.289-291.Macaulay, T. B., ii.307.MacCunn, James, cited, i.243note.Macdonald, Sir Claude, ii.432.MacDonnell, Sir Richard, i.277,305,306.Manchuria—Chinese troops in, ii.291.Russian acquisition of coast, ii.252,469,473.Siberian railway to pass through, ii.423.Manchus—Chinese contrasted with, i.80,81; complementary to, i.83,84.Courtesy of, i.82,368, ii.140,153.Moderation and humanity of, i.81.Women, position of, ii.140,141.Margary, Augustus Raymond, ii.266,267.Markham, Sir Clements, appreciation of Alcock, ii.484.Mas, M. de, anecdote of, ii.444note.Mayers, W. F., ii.363.Meadows, Taylor, Alcock compared with, i.161, ii.224; distinguished services of, ii.359; representative of consular training school, ii.363.Medhurst, Mr, foreign atrocities reported by, i.302; map made by, i.432; action in Yangchow affair, ii.199-201; reprimanded by Lord Clarendon, ii.207,208.Mikado of Japan, sanction of, necessary to treaties, ii.39,63,85; sanction obtained, ii.90; Tycoon's relation to, ii.60-65,71-73,76,85,92,93; expulsion of foreigners ordered by, ii.63; administrative functions assumed by, ii.92,255.Missionaries—Alcock's views on, ii.223,224,227,230,231,237.American, on Yangtze expedition, i.370.Charges against, ii.236.Chinese view of, ii.177-179.Control of, Chinese scheme for, ii.246-248.Disunion among the Powers caused by, ii.237.French enterprise regarding, ii.175-177,224,225,229-232,234,237,238,253; their aim a protectorate of Christians, ii.336-342,346-352.Hongkong, in, i.281."Indiscretions" of, emphasised by their Governments, ii.243.Irritation and disruption caused by, ii.203-205,207,224,226-233,238,246,248,249,454.Kang Yu-wei inspired by, ii.458.Korea, in, ii.175,177-179.Li's advice regarding, ii.187; his policy towards, ii.383,442.Publications of, ii.445.Russian Peking establishment, i.356, ii.154.Tientsin massacre, ii.238,239; French ambassador's note on, ii.237; results of, ii.240-244.Tsingpu attack, i.129.Mito, Prince of, ii.35,38,40,41.Mongol market in Peking, ii.147,148.Montauban, General (Count Palikao), i.349,351-353.Morrison, Robert, i.297,298.Moss, Mr, ii.123,124,128.Mouravieff-Amurski, Count, at Yedo, ii.35; warns Japanese against British designs, ii.111; gives assurances regarding Russian fleet, ii.426.Mutsu, Count, anecdote of, ii.96note.Nagasaki—Alcock's arrival at, ii.14.Coins not used in trade at, ii.18.Dutch trade at, ii.10,11.Legation from Korea conveyed to, ii.294.Opened for ships' supplies, ii.4.Welcome to foreigners at, ii.9.Nagato, Prince of, hostile action of, ii.67,69,76,77; operations against, ii.77-81; Japanese students sent to Europe by, ii.80; justifies his anti-foreign action, ii.82; results of his defeat, ii.86.Namoa, typical sale of opium at, i.47,48.Nanking—Capital, proposed as, ii.474note.Important position of, i.134.Lay-Osborn flotilla, connection with, i.391.Robertson's mission to, i.133,428.Taipings at, British aid asked against, i.312; Admiral Hope's dealings with, i.371,372.Treaty.See underTreaties.Napier, Lord, experiences of, in China, i.38-40; views on Chinese government, ii.439.Neale, Lieutenant-Colonel Edward St John, in charge of British Legation at Yedo, ii.50; attack on British Legation described by, ii.51,52; congratulated by Japanese on his escape, ii.54; action after Richardson murder, ii.58; negotiations with Japanese, ii.62-67.Newchwang, i.219,222.Ningpo—A'Pak's exploit at, i.304,305.Characteristics of, i.116.Occupation of, by British, i.76.Opening of, i.115.Piratical stronghold near, i.306.Taipings, captured by, i.376,377; captured from, i.380; base of British and French during Chêkiang campaign, i.394.'Times' pronouncement against, i.114.Oliphant, Laurence, cited, i.223,336,337,347, ii.2; quoted, i.341, ii.9note,11note; wounded by Japanese, ii.36,37; invalided home, ii.46.Opium trade—Alcock's attitude towards, i.194-198,417-419.Cash payments the rule in, i.43,171,192.Chefoo Convention, introduced into, ii.281,283; stimulated by, ii.289.Clippers, i.193,215-217.Contraband before 1858, i.44-48,192; legalisation of, urged by Alcock, i.418; effected, i.199; recognised by Tientsin treaty, i.332,341.Elliot's offer to suppress, i.48,49; his attitude towards, i.199.Foochow, at, i.121.Hostility of Chinese attitude towards, i.417-419.Importance of, i.193,194,196,197,417,418.Lin's measures against, i.51-54.Postal communication dependent on, i.193,216,217.Smuggling connected with, i.44-48.Surrender of opium at Canton, i.53,54and note.Transit dues, proposed increase of, ii.219; duty trebled, ii.284,286.Value of, i.192.Osborn, Captain Sherard, Yangtze explored by, i.223,347; in command of flotilla refused by Chinese, i.388; cited, ii.2.Paget, Sir James, appreciation of Alcock, i.23,24.Palikao, Count, i.349,351-353.Palmerston, Lord, successful Chinese policy of, i.88,100,101,104,131; the China dissolution, i.319; change in foreign policy after death of, ii.364,365.Paris, Alcock's first visit to, i.2-7; Campbell's mission to, ii.333.Parkes, Sir Harry, interpreter to Alcock, i.117; appreciation of Alcock, i.120,121; accompanies Alcock to Shanghai, i.126; despatched with Robertson to Nanking, i.133; compiles returns of sea-borne trade at Foochow, i.209; obtains Kowloon concession, i.286,330; action regarding the Arrow incident, i.309; remonstrates with Yeh, i.314; Lord Elgin's appreciation of, i.326note; commissioner at Canton, i.328,330; successful administration there, i.397; deplores Lord Elgin's hurried departure from Tientsin, i.335; reward offered for head of, i.342; seized and imprisoned by Chinese, i.352; released, i.354; visits Peking, i.365; attached by Lord Elgin to Admiral Hope, i.370;describes abandonment of Hankow, i.374; attack on, in Japan, ii.90; succeeds Alcock in Japan, ii.130; views on Chinese action regarding Formosa and Japan, ii.255; negotiates treaty regarding Korea, ii.297; death of, ii.302; representative of consular training school, ii.363.Pechili Gulf, cruise in, i.220-223; defences suggested for, ii.381; fortifications of ports in, ii.397.Peiho river, demonstration off mouth of (1840), i.64; defences of (1860), 350.See alsoTaku forts.Peking—Blockade of, a means of coercing Government, i.416,428-431.British Legation.See underGreat Britain.Campaign of 1860, i.349-354.Chose jugée, case of, ii.280.Convention signed at (1886), ii.310.Disadvantages of, as site for capital, ii.474and note.Distant view of, ii.143.Elgin's error in omitting to visit, i.334-337and note.Fur market, ii.149.German Legation established in, ii.254.Health of, ii.144note.Hostility of natives in, i.364.Inaccessibility of, ii.142.Innovations after 1884, ii.315.Insanitary condition of, ii.144,145.Lama temple, ii.145,146.Legations, diplomatic difficulties of, i.398-401; relieved by military force (1900), ii.437.Macaulay's mission to, ii.307,308.Maritime Customs Inspector established in, ii.156.Mules and camels, ii.147.Pei-t'ang Cathedral, erection of, ii.341; transfer of, ii.346,347.Prohibitions against English visitors, i.363.Residence of British representative at, suggested in merchants' memorial (1839), i.89; residence included in Tientsin treaty, i.332,336; right of residence suspended, i.337,346.Russian mission in, i.356, ii.154.Sarat Chandra Das, visit of, ii.308-310.Social Life in, ii.138-142.Street traffic in, ii.149-153.Summer retreat from, ii.154,155.Temple of Heaven, ii.146.Treaty signed at (1860), i.354.Pin Ch'un, ii.137,186.Piracy—Alcock's views on, i.208.British action against, i.299,301,305-307.Chinese attitude towards, i.299-301.Foreigners engaged in, in China, i.302; foreigners subjected to, i.306,307.Hongkong headquarters of, i.302,305.Portuguese leniency to, i.295,296; their earlier assistance against, i.289,290.Prevalence of, i.194,209,218.Steam traffic a blow to, i.307.Taiping Rebellion complicated by, i.275.Popoff, M., i.357,395.Port Arthur—British evacuation of, ii.426.Ch'un, Prince, meets British Admiral at, ii.317.Fortifications of, ii.397.French abstain from attacking, ii.332; French syndicate entrusted with construction works at, ii.335.Russian acquisition of, ii.424-427.Portugal, Alcock's work as army surgeon in, i.14-18; on Anglo-Portuguese Commission regarding claims of British auxiliaries, i.25.Portuguese(see alsoMacao)—Chinese cupidity conciliated by, i.287.Convoy trade carried on by, i.304,305.Ming dynasty supported by, i.291.Obligations to Great Britain disregarded by, i.58andnote.Pottinger, Sir Henry, i.74,112-114.Powers, Western—Anarchy among, ii.472,473.Audience granted to, by Emperor Tungchih, ii.261; by Kwanghsu, ii.318-320.British covertly attacked by, to Japanese government, ii.107-110.Chefoo Convention, feeling regarding, ii.276,277,281.Classification of, ii.465.Danger to be apprehended from, i.163,420."Dummy" Chinaman evolved by, i.338,339, ii.472.Korea, inaction regarding, ii.411.Missionary problem, unity not possible regarding, ii.237.Rivalry of, i.262, ii.447,451,475.Spoliation of China by, ii.417,418,447,452.Taiping Rebellion, attitude towards, i.394."Progress," no Chinese equivalent for, ii.136.Protêt, Admiral, i.377,379.Queen Victoria Jubilee Institute for Nurses, Alcock's work for, ii.482,483.Real estate, value of, in the Far East, i.176,177,434.Rennie, Dr, quoted, i.362-366, ii.146.Rhubarb, Chinese export of, i.168.Richardson, Mr, murder of, ii.38,56,57; redress for, ii.65,66.Robertson, Vice-Consul, i.133,428, ii.210.Royal Geographical Society, Alcock's work for, ii.483,484.Roze, Admiral, ii.177."Rudeness," Japanese term for, ii.34note.Russell, Earl, approves Alcock's measures, ii.45,86; negotiates with Japanese envoys, ii.49; advocates firm policy in Japan, ii.59,76; recalls Alcock, ii.87,88; desires Alcock's return to Japan, ii.89.Russia, Russians (see alsoPowers)—Absorbent policy of, ii.469,470,473,474.Akbar despatches incident, i.233.Amur, acquisitions on the, ii.252,429.Ascendancy of, in China, ii.422,434,473,475.British friction with, ii.321.Czarevitch visits China, ii.321-323.Elgin followed to Tientsin by, i.331.French in concert with, ii.415; their acquisitions approved by, ii.419.Japan—squadron at Yedo, ii.35; represented by M. Goskavitch, ii.104; Tsushima affair, ii.111-114.Japanese War deprecated by, ii.411; Japanese claims modified by, ii.415.Kuldja incident, ii.290-293.Li protected by, ii.387,415.Liao-tung acquired by, ii.422,423.Livadia, treaty of, ii.291.Loan to China guaranteed by, ii.421.Manchurian coast acquired by, ii.252,469.Military ethics of, ii.470,471.Peking, establishment in, i.356, ii.154.Port Hamilton incident, ii.303-305.Protectorate of Christians assumed by, ii.349,350.Respect accorded to, by Chinese, i.357; by Japanese, i.357, ii.104.Siberian railway, beginning of, ii.323; Manchurian branch of, ii.423.Taiping Rebellion, attitude towards, i.394,395.Talien-wan seized by, ii.427; 'Times' extract on the proceeding, ii.428-432.Tea supply of, i.186.Tientsin massacre, ii.239,241.Toleration clause in treaty of, ii.224.Vladivostock, acquisition of, i.358; Czarevitch's visit to, ii.323.Salisbury, Lord, additional article to the Chefoo Convention signed by, ii.287; speech regarding Russian ports, ii.426,430; Russia conciliated by, ii.429.Samqua, i.151,434,435.Samurai, status of, ii.33note2.Sarat Chandra Das, ii.306,308-310.Satsuma, Prince of, riding party attacked by retinue of, ii.58; attack on, ii.67,68; appeals to Mikado against Prince of Nagato, ii.69; friendly to foreigners, ii.76.Seventh Prince.SeeCh'un, Prince.Seward, George F., ii.174,178.Seymour, Sir Michael, naval commander-in-chief at Hongkong, i.309; relations with Sir J. Bowring, i.315; operations in the "Merchants' War," i.317.Shanghai—Alcock appointed to, i.126; testimonial to him from foreign residents in, i.157,158;his visit to (1869), ii.218.Apathy of residents regarding Exhibition samples, i.200,201.Capture of, in first China War, i.75.Chamber of Commerce at, reviews Supplementary Convention, ii.219.Chunghou, condemned at meetings in, ii.241.Custom-house.See underChina—Taxation.Development of, i.124-126.French concession in, i.139.Inland trade from, i.210.Kim assassinated in, ii.301.Lindsay's mission to (1832), i.115.Naval construction attempted at, ii.396.Neighbourhood of, i.126,127.Opening of (1843), i.115.Self-reliance of community in, i.140.Silk trade facilitated by opening of, i.188.Smuggling centre at, i.144.Supreme Court for China and Japan established at, ii.355-358.Taipings, danger from, i.377-379.Thirty mile radius established round, i.128,372,376,383,384.Tientsin treaty negotiations conducted at, i.343,347.Tonnage famine at, i.232,233.Tsingpu affair, i.129-133.Yokohama guard of Beloochis sent from, ii.78.Shantung—German seizure of port in, ii.421; British opinion on seizure, ii.423; Russian attitude, ii.431.Scenery of, i.221.Unrest most violent in, ii.462.Shaw, Sir Charles, sketch of career of, i.12-14; appreciation of Alcock, i.14-17,21,22.Shimadso Saburo, ii.58,59and note.Shimoda, opening of, ii.4.Shimonoséki, Straits of, blockaded by Prince of Nagato, ii.69,76,77; forts at, captured by Allies, ii.83.Shimonoseki treaty, ii.387,418.Shipping—Convoy system in China, i.302-304.Disguise of boats for Chinese coasting trade, i.246,247.East India Company's, i.211-215.Gold discoveries' effect on, i.227-231.Hanseatic and Scandinavian, i.218,219.Junks.See underChina.Lorchas.See underChina.Merchant owners, i.217,218,224.Navigation Law repealed, i.230.Opium clippers, i.193,215-217.Piracy.See that title.Revival of British, i.231,237,239.Silk cargoes, i.235,236.Steam brought into general use, i.243-245; effect on piracy, i.307.Tea clippers, i.239-243.Shore, the Hon. Henry N., cited, i.213note.Silk, Chinese trade in, importance of, i.168,187-191and note,203; shipping of, i.235,236; Japanese trade in, ii.116.Smith, Arthur, cited, ii.368.Smuggling—Alcock's efforts against, i.143,145; extract from his report on, i.145-147.Elliot's offer to suppress, i.48,49.England, in, i.213.Prevalence of, i.44,45,143,195,301.Salt merchants vigilant against, i.442.Trade disastrously affected by, i.147.Solomon, King, Chinese characteristics of, ii.369note.Spain, Alcock's work as army surgeon in, i.21,22; on Commission regarding payment of Foreign Legion, i.24,25; rheumatic fever contracted at San Sebastian, i.27.Stanley, Lady Augusta, Alcock's work with, ii.479,480.Staveley, Brigadier-General, i.365,379,383,385.Stirling, Sir James, Japanese treaty of, ii.4.Swatow, ii.206.Swinhoe, Consul, ii.181,204,359.Taiping Rebellion.See underChina.Takuforts, British repulse at, i.222,223,348; strengthened by Chinese, i.350; captured by Allies, i.351; occupied by Allies, i.355; captured (1900), ii.436.Talien-wan—British suggestion regarding, ii.425.Fortifications of, ii.397.Russian seizure of, ii.427.'Times' letter on, ii.428-432.Tao-kuang, Emperor, i.50,51.Taotai, status of, i.129.Tartars, i.81.Taxation.See underChina.Teatrade—Clippers, i.239-243.Consumption of tea, quality and quantity of, i.180,181.Duties heavy, i.178-181,186.Foochow famous for, i.121,122,240,241.Hankow a new centre for, i.225.Importance of, in early Chinese trade, i.168; decline of, i.184-186.Thomson, J., quoted, i.269.Tibet, Bengali's friendly visits to, ii.305; Indian expedition attempted, ii.306-310; attack on British Sikkim, ii.311.Tientsin—Arsenal established at, by Chunghou, ii.392.Ch'un, Prince, introduced to foreigners at, ii.316.Conference at (1840), i.65; (1854), i.311.Elgin's treaty.SeeTreaties—Tientsin; his hurried departure from, i.333,335,336.Gordon's interviews with Li at, ii.292.Gutzlaff's expedition to, i.115.Massacre at.See underMissionaries.Peking campaign, base of Allied troops during, i.351; garrison left in, i.355.Treaty of.See underTreaties.Ting, Admiral, ii.400,408.Tông-chow, i.219,220.Tongking, French conquest of, ii.326.Trade.SeeCommerce.Treaties—Alcock's stand for integrity of, ii.101.Anglo-German Agreement, ii.467,468,473.Calcutta Convention, ii.312.ChefooConvention, negotiation and provisions of, ii.275-280,310,311; criticism of, ii.280,251; ratification of, ii.284,287.Disregard of, chronic, ii.214,359.Fournier Convention, ii.329.Japan—Commodore Perry's, ii.2; Townsend Harris's, ii.3,5,39,99; Sir J. Stirling's, ii.4; Lord Elgin's, ii.5,6,99.Li-Ito Convention, ii.302,303,389,408,409.Livadia, ii.291."Most-favoured-nation" clause, ii.3,5,6,215,232.Nanking, signing of, i.75,76; Chinese hostility to, i.78,79,91,93,97; supplement to, i.112-114; English opposition to, i.114; working of, summed up by Alcock, i.162,411-428; evaded by Chinese, i.333, ii.214; restrictions of boundary imposed by, i.415.Peking (1860), i.354; (1886), ii.310.St Petersburg, ii.293.Shimonoseki, ii.387,418.Tientsin, ports opened by, i.219; signing of, i.331,334; provisions of, i.332,341; residence at Peking a stipulation of, i.332-335; Chinese view of, i.334-336,341,342,346,348; suspension of residence clause, i.337,346; ratified at Peking, i.354; regarded as model for other Powers, ii.6; revision preparations, ii.180-183; revision discussed, ii.211-218; supplementary convention signed, ii.218; reviewed, ii.219,220; not ratified, ii.220,221.Toleration clauses, ii.224,225.Yeh's contempt for, i.333.Tsên-Yü-ying, ii.270-273.Tsêng, the Marquis, negotiates ratification of Chefoo Convention, i.284-287; negotiates treaty at St Petersburg, ii.293; Annam negotiations, ii.325; member of Tsungli-Yamên, ii.351.Tsêng Kwo-Chuan, i.381,391.Tsêng Kwo-fan, operations in Taiping Rebellion, i.381,391,393; memorial regarding revision of treaty, ii.184; intercourse with foreigners, ii.189; action in Yangchow affair, ii.199-203; action regarding Tientsin massacre, ii.240,243; volunteer levies under, ii.377; characteristics of, ii.378; expulsion of foreigners suggested by, ii.464note.Tsushima, designs on, attributed to British, ii.108,109,111; to French, ii.110; Russian occupation of, ii.111-114.Tsingpu affair, i.129-135,415,423,424.Tso Tsung-tang, ii.291,278,279.Tsungli-Yamên.See underChina.Tuan, Prince, characteristic action of (1900), ii.437; progeny of, not in the succession, ii.456; relations of, with Empress Regent obscure, ii.460.Tun, Prince, imperial claims of son of, ii.263; grandson of, nominated heir-apparent, ii.460.Tungchih, Emperor, i.397, ii.260-262.Tycoon of Japan, Lord Elgin's treaty with, ii.6,7; guards of, at foreign legations, ii.36,38,44,51-53; Daimios' relation to, ii.38-41,60-65,67,68,76,93; autograph letter to the Queen, ii.46; the Queen's reply, ii.48; envoys sent by, to Great Britain, ii.48,49; second mission, ii.74,75; Mikado's relation to, ii.71-73,85,92; regret at Alcock's recall, ii.88.United States.SeeAmerica.Vatican, appeal to, ii.343.'Village Life in China' cited, ii.368.Vladivostock, Russian acquisition of, i.358; Czarevitch at, ii.323.Wade, Sir Thomas, action in Taiping Rebellion, i.138, ii.133; Inspector of Customs at Shanghai, i.154; at Peking with Alcock (1865), ii.131; career and characteristics of, ii.132-134; views of, on Maritime Customs Inspectorship, ii.163,164; on supplementary convention to Tientsin treaty, ii.220;chargé d'affairesat Peking, ii.239,244; views of, on audience of foreign Ministers, ii.261,262; negotiations regarding Margary case, ii.270-275, 278; negotiates Chefoo Convention, ii.275-279; views of, on Chinese legislation, ii.279.Ward, Mr, i.382.Weihai-wei—British seizure of, ii.434.Chinese forlorn hope at, i.222,301.Early exploration of, i.222.Fortifications of, ii.397.Wênsiang, member of Tsungli-Yamên, i.360; discredited by Lay-Osborn flotilla fiasco, i.389, ii.375,391; intimate relations with British Legation, ii.134,135; concurs in strong measures against rioters, ii.207; dislike of Hongkong, ii.216; circular regarding control of missions attributed to, ii.246; efforts regarding Pei-t'ang Cathedral, ii.342; high qualities of, ii.374-376.Westminster Hospital, Alcock's work for, ii.478-480.Winchester, Consul, on Japanese currency, ii.18,23.Wolseley, Lieutenant-Colonel, i.371,373.Wu, i.151,434,435.Wusung—Challenger on the bar at, i.236.Hong captured at, ii.301.Opium trade at, i.193.Thirty mile radius, included in, i.372,376.Yakub-beg, ii.290,291.Yangchow riot, ii.198-203,207.Yangtze river—Advance of 200 miles up (1842), i.74; Lord Elgin's voyage to Hankow (1858), i.347,370.Blockade of, suggested, i.430.Opening of, i.223,369,373.Yedo—Alcock's arrival at, ii.15-17.British Legation.See underGreat Britain.Choshiu's establishment at, destroyed, ii.83.Hostility to foreigners, ii.35.Legations, withdrawal of, to Yokohama, ii.36; foreign guards at, ii.45; improved residence for, ii.50.Social conditions in, ii.122.Yeh, Viceroy, evades demands for right of entry into Canton, i.160; hostile to native shipowners, i.309; asks British aid against Taipings, i.312; attitude towards foreigners, i.312-314; offers reward for English heads, i.317; contemptuous of treaties, i.333; superseded, i.342; capture and death of, i.328.Yerburgh, Mr, ii.427.Yokohama—Foreigners' residence prepared by Japanese at, ii.13; improved, ii.90.Garrison of British troops in, ii.77,78,84.Legations' withdrawal to, during assassination period, ii.36.Merchants' preference for, to Kanagawa, i.18,122,123.Tycoon's inability to maintain order in, ii.74.Yuan Shih-kai, ii.406.Yunnan—Burmese expedition and murder of Mr Margary, ii.266,267; negotiations regarding, ii.267-276; settlement of affair, ii.278.Rebellion in, ii.290.