[129]Pasquier, Livr. IV. Ch. 28, pp. 375, 376. The following is the passage. “En l’an 1411, y eut une autre sorte de maladie, dontune infinité de personnesfurent touchez, par laquelle on perdoit le boire, le manger et le dormir, et toutefois et quantes que le malade mangeoit, il auoit une forte fievre; ce qu’il mangeoit luy sembloit amer ou puant, tousiours trembloit, et auec ce estoit si las et rompu de ses membres, que l’on ne l’osoit toucher en quelque part que ce fust: Aussi estoit ce mal accompagnéd’une forte toux, qui tourmentoit son homme iour et nuit, laquelle maladie dura trois semaines entieres,sans qu’une personne en mourust. Bien est vray que par la vehemence de la toux plusieurs hommes se rompirent par les genitoires, et plusieurs femmes accoucherent avant le terme. Et quand venoit au guerir, ils iettoient grande effusion de sang par la bouche, le nez et le fondement,sans qu’aucun médecin peust iuger dont procedoit ce mal, sinon d’une generale contagion de l’air, dont la cause leur estoit cachée. Cette maladie fut appellée leTac: et tel autrefois a souhaité par risée ou imprecation le mal du Tac à son compagnon, qui ne sçavoit pas que c’estoit.—L’an 1427, vers la S. Remy (1. Oct.) cheut un autreair corrompuqui engendra une très mauvaise maladie, que l’on appelloitLadendo(dit un auteur de ce temps là) e n’y auoit homme ou femme, qui presque ne s’en sentist durant le temps qu’elle dura.Elle commençoit aux reins, comme si on eust eu une forte gravelle, en après venoient les frissons, et estoit en bien huict ou dix iours qu’on ne pouvoit bonnement boire, ne manger, ne dormir. Après ce venoit une toux si mauvaise, que quand on estoit au Sermon, on ne pouvoit entendre ce que le Sermonateur disoit par la grande noise des tousseurs. Item elle eust une très forte durée jusques après la Toussaincts (1. Nov.) bien quinze iours ou plus. Et n’eussiez gueres veu homme ou femme qui n’eust la bouche ou le nez tout esseué de grosse rongne, et s’entre-mocquoit le peuple l’un de l’autre, disant: As tu point eu Ladendo?”[130]Reusner, p. 75.[131]Valleriola, Loc. med. Comm. Append. p. 45.Schenck a Grafenberg, Lib. VI. p. 552. CompareShort, T. I. p. 221.[132]Reusner, p. 72. Some of the synonymes here adduced will shew the medical views of the period respecting these diseases: Catarrhus febrilis. Febris catarrhosa. Ardores suffocantes. Febris suffocativa. Catarrhus epidemicus. Tussis popularis.Cephalæa catarrhosa.Cephalalgia contagiosa.Gravedo anhelosa,Fernel. Der böhmische Ziep (the Bohemian pip). Der Schafhusten (the sheep-cough). Die Schafkrankheit (the sheep disease). Die Lungensucht (phthisis). Das Hühnerweh (the poultry cough, or chicken contracted to chin-cough), and many others. In the influenza of 1580, violent perspiration was occasionally observed, so that some physicians thought that the English sweating sickness was about to return, just as in the Gröninger intermittent (1826), and in the cholera of 1831, without any knowledge on the subject, they talked of the Black Death.—Schneider, L. IV. c. 6. p. 203.[133]That the physicians of the sixteenth century were familiar with this observation, is proved by the following quotation fromHoulier. “Nulla fere corporis humani ægritudo est, quæ non defluxione humoris alicuius e capite aut excitari aut incrementum accipere possit.” Morb. int. L. I. fol. 68. b.[134]Hvitfeldt, Danmarks Riges Kronike.[135]Forest, Lib. VI. Obs. IX. p. 159.[136]Webster, vol. I. p. 157. 165.Villalba, T. I. p. 102. 117., andSchnurrer.[137]Spangenberg, M. Chr. fol. 408. b.[138]Tyengius, inForest: Lib. VI. Obs. II. Schol. p. 152.[139]Forestavailed himself of the unprinted and probably lost works of this distinguished physician, of whom, but for him, we should have known nothing.[140]The moderns, who prefer powerful remedies, employ for this purpose, without any better effect, the lunar caustic.[141]Wurstisen, p. 707. In this seventeenth year there arose an unknown epidemic. The patients’ tongues and gullets were white, as if coated with mould; they could neither eat nor drink, but suffered from headache together with a pestilential fever which rendered them delirious. By this disease 2000 persons perished in Basle within the space of eight months. Besides other means, it was found very efficacious to cleanse the mouth and gullet every two hours, even to the extent of making the surface bleed, and then to soften them with honey of roses.[142]Bretonneau’sDiphtheritis. CompareNaumann’streatise on the subject in the author’s Wissenschaftlichen Annalen der ges. Heilkunde, Vol. XXV. II. 3. p. 271.[143]Forest.Lib. VI. obs. ix. p. 159.[144]Petr. Martyr.Dec. IV. cap. 10. p. 321. CompareMoore, p. 106.[145]24th of Feb. 1525.[146]Lautrec.[147]At first underHugo de Moncada; afterwards under the Prince ofOrange.[148]1495, the year of the epidemic Lues.[149]Among them some regiments of Swiss.[150]Two hundred knights under SirRobert Jerningham, and afterwards underCarew: both died of the Camp Fever.Herbert of Cherbury, p. 212. seq.[151]The 6th of May, 1527.[152]Jovius, L. XXVI. Tom. II. p. 129.[153]Ibid. p. 114.[154]According toMezeray, the pestilence was at its height at the end of July. This is in accordance withJovius, who fixes the termination of the great mortality, with rather too much precision perhaps, on the 7th of August.[155]With reference to this seemingly inflammatory state of excitement, it is, perhaps, worthy of notice, that the commander in chief himself is stated to have been twice bled.Jovius, loc. cit. p. 125.[156]Jovius, loc. cit. p. 116–118.[157]Mezeray, T. II. p. 963.[158]Fracastor.Morb. Contag. L. II. c. 6. p. 155, 156.[159]It broke out in the beginning of February, and prevailed throughout the following month.Campo, p. 151.[160]Guicciardini, p. 1054.[161]Mezeray, T. II. p. 957.[162]Guicciardini, p. 1276.[163]Ibid. p. 1315.[164]See above, p. 201.[165]It was also observed, as is well known, in the summer of 1831, before the breaking out of the cholera.[166]Gratiol.p. 129, 130.[167]See above, p. 204.[168]Jovius, loc. cit. p. 115.[169]Mezeray, p. 963.[170]The Spanish name for the lues venerea, which it obtained in consequence of the prevailing eruptions. It corresponds with the French “la vérole,” and with the German “französische Pocken.” We must not, therefore, think that it means “buboes.”Sandoval, Part II. pp. 12. 14. CompareAstruc, T. I. p. 4.[171]In the Madrid edition of the same work, 1675. fol. L. XVII. p. 232. b.[172]“Auster namque ventus per eos dies perflare et mortiferum crassioris nebulæ vaporem ex palustri ortum uligine, per castra dissipare et circumferre ita cœperat, utaliis ex causis conceptæ febresin contagiosum morbum verterentur.”Jovius, L. XXVI. p. 127.[173]In Torgau where, in 1813 and 1814, 30,000 Frenchmen found their graves, there prevailed two diseases, typhus and diarrhœa, altogether distinct from one another. SeeRichter.[174]Schwelin, p. 143.[175]See page 189.[176]Trousser, in an obsolete sense, signifies to cause speedy death.[177]Mezeray, T. II. p. 965, where the best notices of it are to be found.[178]His account applies to the town of Puy in the Auvergne, where he seems himself to have seen the disease. Livr. XXII. c. 5. p. 823.[179]Forest.L. VI. obs. 7. p. 156.Sanderwrites from numerous observations which he made in and about Cambray.[180]Sauvages, T. I. p. 487, hence calls the Trousse-galant “Cephalitis verminosa,” although neither inflammation of the brain nor worms existed in all cases, and takes his description fromSander, as againOzanamhas taken it fromSauvages, T. III. p. 27.[181]Forest.p. 157. Schol.[182]Paré, loc. cit.[183]So small-pox and measles, it is well known, are the forerunners of plague.[184]Fabian, p. 699.[185]Sir William Compton, andWilliam Carew, besides many other distinguished persons who are not named.[186]Grafton, p. 412, the principal passage. CompareHolinshed, p. 735.Baker, p. 293.Hall, p. 750.Herbert of Cherbury, p. 215.[187]DuringHenrythe Eighth’s reign (1509 to 1547), 72,000 malefactors were, according to Harrison, executed for theft and robbery, making nearly 2000 for each year.Hume, T. IV. p. 275.[188]Stow, p. 885.[189]Fabian, loc. cit.[190]——“it seeming to be but the same contagion of the aire, varied according to the clime.”Herbert of Cherbury, loc. cit.[191]Stow, loc. cit.[192]Campo, pp. 150, 151.[193]Grafton, p. 431.Wagenaar, Vol. II. p. 516.[194]Haftitz, p. 130.[195]Annales Berolino-Marchici, (no numbers to the pages.)[196]Magnus Hundt, fol. 4. b., and many others.[197]Bonn, p. 143. A girl in Lübeck died of fright at this meteor.[198]Haftitz.p. 131.Angelus, p. 317.[199]It must not be thought that the author, because he has brought forward these notices, has any pre-formed opinions whatever respecting the import of these heavenly bodies. The historian cannot pass over contemporaneous occurrences, whatever may be the conclusion which the limited extent of our knowledge enables us to draw from them.[200]Pingré, T. I. p. 485.Spangenberg, M. Chr. fol. 410. a.[201]Pingré, p. 486.Angelus, p. 318.Crusius, Vol. II. p. 223.[202]Pingré, p. 487.Campo, p. 154.Angelus, p. 320, and numerous other accounts. It performs its revolution in 76 years, and was observed in 1456, 1531, 1607, 1682, and 1759.[203]Pingré, p. 491.Spangenberg, M. Chr. fol. 433. b.[204]Pingré, p. 496.Angelus, p. 322.Spangenberg, M. Chr. fol. 435. a.[205]Erfurt Chronicle.Spangenberg, who has availed himself frequently of this chronicle, makes use of the same words, M. Chr. fol. 431. b.[206]They called the sour wine of this year denWiedertäufer-Wein; the Anabaptist wine.Schwelin, p. 144.[207]Crusius, Vol. II. p. 323. St. Vitus’s day is on the 15th of June. On the river Neckar, at Heidelberg, they took out a child which had floated down the stream in its cradle unharmed for a distance of six (German) miles.Franck, fol. 252. b.[208]Spangenberg, M. Chr. fol. 432. a.[209]Klemzen, p. 254.[210]Schwelin, p. 144.Newenar, fol. 69. a. “fecit tamen huius anni, ac fortasse etiam præcedentium intemperies, fluminum exundationes, frigora cum humiditate perpetuo coniuncta,ut jam in Germania Britannicus quidam aër suscitatus videri possit.” Similar accounts are met with in almost all the chronicles.[211]Leuthinger, p. 90. see “Scriptorum,” etc.[212]CompareAutenrieth’sexcellent work on this subject.[213]Schiller, sect. I. cap. 2. fol. 3. b.[214]Franck, fol. 243. b.[215]Basle among others was particularly distinguished.Stettler, part II. p. 34.[216]Spangenberg, loc. cit.[217]Leuthinger, p. 89.[218]From Whitsuntide till towards St. James’s day, the 25th of July.Klemzen, p. 254.[219]Two masters of vessels, who had quitted the helm from a sudden attack of this kind, were in danger of grounding upon the Mole. Their situation was, however, noticed, and they were saved.Klemzen.[220]Spangenberg, M. Chr. fol. 432. a.[221]Ibid. fol. 433. a. 435. b.Schwelin, pp. 149, 150.[222]A Chronicler of the Marches even assures us that it lasted until 1546. Annales Berol. Marchic: but the other contemporary writers contradict this.[223]Spangenberg, fol. 432. a.[224]Newenarindeed maintains that the Sweating Fever used to break out in England every year, fol. 68. b., but such general and unsupported assertions coming from foreigners (the GrafHermann von Newenarwas provost of Cologne) are wholly unworthy of credence.[225]About the 25th of July.[226]From St. James’s day, the 25th of July, until the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary on the 15th of August.Staphorst.[227]It appears, for instance, somewhere in the second volume ofLeibnitz, Scriptores rerum Brunsvicensium, that 8000 people had died of the Sweating Fever in Hamburgh. An unknown Chronicler inStaphorst, Part II vol. I. p. 85, states 2000.[228]“Moreover in the year 1529, about St. James’s day, Almighty God sent a terrible disease upon the city of Hamburgh; it was the Sweating Sickness, which showed itself in a different manner, and began when CaptainHermann Everscame from England on St. James’s day with many young companions, of whom, in the course of two days, twelve died of this disease, which was unknown as well in Hamburgh as in other countries, so that the oldest person did not recollect to have seen a similar disease.” An unknown eye-witness, quoted inStaphorst, Part II. Vol. I. p. 83. Another person expresses himself to the same effect, p. 85. “The disease had its origin in England, for the people were there attacked in the street when they came on shore, and those who came in contact with them, many of whom were of the lower class, took it.” Notices of uncertain date to be found inAdelung, at p. 77.Steltzner, Part II. p. 219. In the abbrev. Hamb. Chron. p. 45, and elsewhere.[229]“As soon as the ship arrived in Hamburgh people began to die throughout the city, and in the morning it was rumoured that four persons had died of it.” FromReimar Koch’sMS. Chron. of Lübeck. For the extract from it the author is indebted to the kindness of ProfessorAckermannof Lübeck.[230]Klemzen, p. 254. It was thought that the waters of the Baltic were poisoned.[231]Reimar Kock’sChronicle of Lübeck.[232]“In the year 1529, this violent disease passed in a very short time all over Germany, and in Lübeck many of its most distinguished citizens died on the vigil of St. Peter in Vinculis.”Regkman, p. 135. CompareKirchring, p. 143.Bonn, p. 144.[233]Reimar Kock.[234]Schmidt, p. 307.[235]See above, p. 243; andKlemzen, p. 254.[236]Euric. Cordus.[237]Gruner, It. p. 23.[238]Namely, on the Tuesday after the Beheading of John the Baptist (29th Aug.), which fell on a Sunday, for S. Ægidius was on the Wednesday. The dates are given throughout according toPilgrim’sCalendarium chronologicum.[239]Klemzen, p. 255.[240]Curicke, p. 271.[241]Kronica der Preussen, fol. 191. b.[242]Stettler, II. p. 33.[243]InGratorol.fol. 74. b.[244]Gruner, It. p. 25, according to MS. Chronicles.[245]Franck, fol. 253. a.[246]ByJoseph Franck, in the latest edition of his Praxeos Medicæ Universæ Præcepta. CompareGruner, It. p. 28.[247]Klemzen, p. 254.[248]This appears from a letter ofEuricius Cordusto the Hessian private secretary,Joh. Rau von Nordeck, at the end of the 2d edition of hisRegimen.[249]Magnus Hundtclosed his on the 7th October.[250]Bayer von Elbogen, cap. 7.[251]It was called there theIngelsche Sweetsieckte, or the Sweating Sickness.[252]Forest.L. VI. Obs. VII. Schol. p. 157. Obs. VIII. c. Schol. p. 158.Wagenaar, T. II. p. 508.[253]Pontan.p. 762.Haraeus, T. I. p. 581. Antwerpsch Chronykje, p. 31.Ditmar, p. 473.[254]“Laquelle (sa suette) s’estendit par le pays d’Oostlande, de Hollande, Zeelande, et autres des pays bas, on en étoit endedens vingt et quatre heures mort ou guarry, elle ne dura in Zeelande pour le plus que 15 jours, dont plusieurs en moururent.”Le Petit, T. I. Livr. VII. p. 81.[255]Forest, loc. cit.[256]Erasm.Epist. Lib. XXVI. ep. 58. col. 1477. b. AtZerbstthe Sweating Fever lasted, in like manner, only five days.Gruner, It. p. 29.[257]It was called there “den engelske Sved.”[258]Frederick I.Histor. p. 181. The same words inHuitfeld, T. II. p. 1315.[259]BoesensBeskrivelse over Helsingöer. For this statement the author has to thank Dr.Mansa, regimental physician at Copenhagen.[260]Dr.Baden, D. C. L., took much pains, at the request ofGruner, in making researches, but has elicited nothing more thanHuitfeldhas given. A copy of his Latin letter toGruneron this subject, has likewise reached the author through Dr.Mansa.[261]Dalin, D. III. p. 221.Engelske Svetten.InTegel’sHistory of king Gustavus I. Part I. p. 267, general notices only are to be found respecting the English Sweating Sickness in Sweden, without any exact date (autumn of 1529) or description of the disease, such as are met with without number in the German Chronicles.Sven Hedinclearly estimates the mortality in the epidemic sweating fever too highly, when he compares it, p. 27, with the depopulation caused by the Black Death. He gives (p. 47) a striking passage on the Sweating Sickness from Linneus’s pathological prælections. The great naturalist has, however, allowed free scope to his imagination, and, like all the physicians of modern times who have delivered their sentiments on the English Sweating Sickness, knows far too little of the facts to be able to form a right judgment on the subject. (Supplement till Handboken för Praktiska Läkare-vetenskapen, rörande epidemiska och smittosamma sjukdomar i allmänhet, och särdeles de Pestilentialiska. 1 sta St. Stockholm, 1805. 8vo.)[262]FromReimar Kock’sMS. Chronicle of Lübeck, andForest, loc. cit. CompareGruner’sItinerarium, which is prepared throughout with laudable and even tedious diligence, but which met with so little acknowledgment in the Brunonian age, that it has already become a rare work.[263]“According to which it was given out by some, that a sweat must be kept up for twenty-four hours in succession, and in the mean time, that no air should be admitted to the patient. This treatment sent many to their graves.”—Erfurt Chronicle.[264]Erfurt Chronicle, and in the same strainSpangenberg, M. Chr. fol. 402. b.Pomarius, p. 617. andSchmidt, p. 305.Gemmawrites of the Netherlands, L. I. c. 8. p. 189, having received his account from his father, who was himself the subject of the Sweating Sickness: “Consuti (sewn up) et violenter operti clamitabant misere, obtestabantur Deum atque hominum fidem, sese dimitterent, sesuffocari iniectis molibus, sese vitam in summis angustiis exhalare, sed assistentes has querelas ex rabie proficisci,medicorum opinione persuasi, urgebant continue usque ad 24 horas,” etc.[265]Schmidt, loc. cit.[266]——“Animos omnium terrore perculit adeo ut multis metus et imaginatio morbum conciliarit.”Erasm.Epist. L. XXVI. ep. 56. c. 1476. a.Spangenberg, loc. cit.[267]“Many an one sweats for fear and thinks he has the English sweat, and when he afterwards hath slept it off, acknowledges that it was all nonsense.”Bayer v. Elbogen, cap. 8.[268]The author could adduce some extraordinary instances of this kind which have occurred in his own practice.
[129]Pasquier, Livr. IV. Ch. 28, pp. 375, 376. The following is the passage. “En l’an 1411, y eut une autre sorte de maladie, dontune infinité de personnesfurent touchez, par laquelle on perdoit le boire, le manger et le dormir, et toutefois et quantes que le malade mangeoit, il auoit une forte fievre; ce qu’il mangeoit luy sembloit amer ou puant, tousiours trembloit, et auec ce estoit si las et rompu de ses membres, que l’on ne l’osoit toucher en quelque part que ce fust: Aussi estoit ce mal accompagnéd’une forte toux, qui tourmentoit son homme iour et nuit, laquelle maladie dura trois semaines entieres,sans qu’une personne en mourust. Bien est vray que par la vehemence de la toux plusieurs hommes se rompirent par les genitoires, et plusieurs femmes accoucherent avant le terme. Et quand venoit au guerir, ils iettoient grande effusion de sang par la bouche, le nez et le fondement,sans qu’aucun médecin peust iuger dont procedoit ce mal, sinon d’une generale contagion de l’air, dont la cause leur estoit cachée. Cette maladie fut appellée leTac: et tel autrefois a souhaité par risée ou imprecation le mal du Tac à son compagnon, qui ne sçavoit pas que c’estoit.—L’an 1427, vers la S. Remy (1. Oct.) cheut un autreair corrompuqui engendra une très mauvaise maladie, que l’on appelloitLadendo(dit un auteur de ce temps là) e n’y auoit homme ou femme, qui presque ne s’en sentist durant le temps qu’elle dura.Elle commençoit aux reins, comme si on eust eu une forte gravelle, en après venoient les frissons, et estoit en bien huict ou dix iours qu’on ne pouvoit bonnement boire, ne manger, ne dormir. Après ce venoit une toux si mauvaise, que quand on estoit au Sermon, on ne pouvoit entendre ce que le Sermonateur disoit par la grande noise des tousseurs. Item elle eust une très forte durée jusques après la Toussaincts (1. Nov.) bien quinze iours ou plus. Et n’eussiez gueres veu homme ou femme qui n’eust la bouche ou le nez tout esseué de grosse rongne, et s’entre-mocquoit le peuple l’un de l’autre, disant: As tu point eu Ladendo?”
[130]Reusner, p. 75.
[131]Valleriola, Loc. med. Comm. Append. p. 45.Schenck a Grafenberg, Lib. VI. p. 552. CompareShort, T. I. p. 221.
[132]Reusner, p. 72. Some of the synonymes here adduced will shew the medical views of the period respecting these diseases: Catarrhus febrilis. Febris catarrhosa. Ardores suffocantes. Febris suffocativa. Catarrhus epidemicus. Tussis popularis.Cephalæa catarrhosa.Cephalalgia contagiosa.Gravedo anhelosa,Fernel. Der böhmische Ziep (the Bohemian pip). Der Schafhusten (the sheep-cough). Die Schafkrankheit (the sheep disease). Die Lungensucht (phthisis). Das Hühnerweh (the poultry cough, or chicken contracted to chin-cough), and many others. In the influenza of 1580, violent perspiration was occasionally observed, so that some physicians thought that the English sweating sickness was about to return, just as in the Gröninger intermittent (1826), and in the cholera of 1831, without any knowledge on the subject, they talked of the Black Death.—Schneider, L. IV. c. 6. p. 203.
[133]That the physicians of the sixteenth century were familiar with this observation, is proved by the following quotation fromHoulier. “Nulla fere corporis humani ægritudo est, quæ non defluxione humoris alicuius e capite aut excitari aut incrementum accipere possit.” Morb. int. L. I. fol. 68. b.
[134]Hvitfeldt, Danmarks Riges Kronike.
[135]Forest, Lib. VI. Obs. IX. p. 159.
[136]Webster, vol. I. p. 157. 165.Villalba, T. I. p. 102. 117., andSchnurrer.
[137]Spangenberg, M. Chr. fol. 408. b.
[138]Tyengius, inForest: Lib. VI. Obs. II. Schol. p. 152.
[139]Forestavailed himself of the unprinted and probably lost works of this distinguished physician, of whom, but for him, we should have known nothing.
[140]The moderns, who prefer powerful remedies, employ for this purpose, without any better effect, the lunar caustic.
[141]Wurstisen, p. 707. In this seventeenth year there arose an unknown epidemic. The patients’ tongues and gullets were white, as if coated with mould; they could neither eat nor drink, but suffered from headache together with a pestilential fever which rendered them delirious. By this disease 2000 persons perished in Basle within the space of eight months. Besides other means, it was found very efficacious to cleanse the mouth and gullet every two hours, even to the extent of making the surface bleed, and then to soften them with honey of roses.
[142]Bretonneau’sDiphtheritis. CompareNaumann’streatise on the subject in the author’s Wissenschaftlichen Annalen der ges. Heilkunde, Vol. XXV. II. 3. p. 271.
[143]Forest.Lib. VI. obs. ix. p. 159.
[144]Petr. Martyr.Dec. IV. cap. 10. p. 321. CompareMoore, p. 106.
[145]24th of Feb. 1525.
[146]Lautrec.
[147]At first underHugo de Moncada; afterwards under the Prince ofOrange.
[148]1495, the year of the epidemic Lues.
[149]Among them some regiments of Swiss.
[150]Two hundred knights under SirRobert Jerningham, and afterwards underCarew: both died of the Camp Fever.Herbert of Cherbury, p. 212. seq.
[151]The 6th of May, 1527.
[152]Jovius, L. XXVI. Tom. II. p. 129.
[153]Ibid. p. 114.
[154]According toMezeray, the pestilence was at its height at the end of July. This is in accordance withJovius, who fixes the termination of the great mortality, with rather too much precision perhaps, on the 7th of August.
[155]With reference to this seemingly inflammatory state of excitement, it is, perhaps, worthy of notice, that the commander in chief himself is stated to have been twice bled.Jovius, loc. cit. p. 125.
[156]Jovius, loc. cit. p. 116–118.
[157]Mezeray, T. II. p. 963.
[158]Fracastor.Morb. Contag. L. II. c. 6. p. 155, 156.
[159]It broke out in the beginning of February, and prevailed throughout the following month.Campo, p. 151.
[160]Guicciardini, p. 1054.
[161]Mezeray, T. II. p. 957.
[162]Guicciardini, p. 1276.
[163]Ibid. p. 1315.
[164]See above, p. 201.
[165]It was also observed, as is well known, in the summer of 1831, before the breaking out of the cholera.
[166]Gratiol.p. 129, 130.
[167]See above, p. 204.
[168]Jovius, loc. cit. p. 115.
[169]Mezeray, p. 963.
[170]The Spanish name for the lues venerea, which it obtained in consequence of the prevailing eruptions. It corresponds with the French “la vérole,” and with the German “französische Pocken.” We must not, therefore, think that it means “buboes.”Sandoval, Part II. pp. 12. 14. CompareAstruc, T. I. p. 4.
[171]In the Madrid edition of the same work, 1675. fol. L. XVII. p. 232. b.
[172]“Auster namque ventus per eos dies perflare et mortiferum crassioris nebulæ vaporem ex palustri ortum uligine, per castra dissipare et circumferre ita cœperat, utaliis ex causis conceptæ febresin contagiosum morbum verterentur.”Jovius, L. XXVI. p. 127.
[173]In Torgau where, in 1813 and 1814, 30,000 Frenchmen found their graves, there prevailed two diseases, typhus and diarrhœa, altogether distinct from one another. SeeRichter.
[174]Schwelin, p. 143.
[175]See page 189.
[176]Trousser, in an obsolete sense, signifies to cause speedy death.
[177]Mezeray, T. II. p. 965, where the best notices of it are to be found.
[178]His account applies to the town of Puy in the Auvergne, where he seems himself to have seen the disease. Livr. XXII. c. 5. p. 823.
[179]Forest.L. VI. obs. 7. p. 156.Sanderwrites from numerous observations which he made in and about Cambray.
[180]Sauvages, T. I. p. 487, hence calls the Trousse-galant “Cephalitis verminosa,” although neither inflammation of the brain nor worms existed in all cases, and takes his description fromSander, as againOzanamhas taken it fromSauvages, T. III. p. 27.
[181]Forest.p. 157. Schol.
[182]Paré, loc. cit.
[183]So small-pox and measles, it is well known, are the forerunners of plague.
[184]Fabian, p. 699.
[185]Sir William Compton, andWilliam Carew, besides many other distinguished persons who are not named.
[186]Grafton, p. 412, the principal passage. CompareHolinshed, p. 735.Baker, p. 293.Hall, p. 750.Herbert of Cherbury, p. 215.
[187]DuringHenrythe Eighth’s reign (1509 to 1547), 72,000 malefactors were, according to Harrison, executed for theft and robbery, making nearly 2000 for each year.Hume, T. IV. p. 275.
[188]Stow, p. 885.
[189]Fabian, loc. cit.
[190]——“it seeming to be but the same contagion of the aire, varied according to the clime.”Herbert of Cherbury, loc. cit.
[191]Stow, loc. cit.
[192]Campo, pp. 150, 151.
[193]Grafton, p. 431.Wagenaar, Vol. II. p. 516.
[194]Haftitz, p. 130.
[195]Annales Berolino-Marchici, (no numbers to the pages.)
[196]Magnus Hundt, fol. 4. b., and many others.
[197]Bonn, p. 143. A girl in Lübeck died of fright at this meteor.
[198]Haftitz.p. 131.Angelus, p. 317.
[199]It must not be thought that the author, because he has brought forward these notices, has any pre-formed opinions whatever respecting the import of these heavenly bodies. The historian cannot pass over contemporaneous occurrences, whatever may be the conclusion which the limited extent of our knowledge enables us to draw from them.
[200]Pingré, T. I. p. 485.Spangenberg, M. Chr. fol. 410. a.
[201]Pingré, p. 486.Angelus, p. 318.Crusius, Vol. II. p. 223.
[202]Pingré, p. 487.Campo, p. 154.Angelus, p. 320, and numerous other accounts. It performs its revolution in 76 years, and was observed in 1456, 1531, 1607, 1682, and 1759.
[203]Pingré, p. 491.Spangenberg, M. Chr. fol. 433. b.
[204]Pingré, p. 496.Angelus, p. 322.Spangenberg, M. Chr. fol. 435. a.
[205]Erfurt Chronicle.Spangenberg, who has availed himself frequently of this chronicle, makes use of the same words, M. Chr. fol. 431. b.
[206]They called the sour wine of this year denWiedertäufer-Wein; the Anabaptist wine.Schwelin, p. 144.
[207]Crusius, Vol. II. p. 323. St. Vitus’s day is on the 15th of June. On the river Neckar, at Heidelberg, they took out a child which had floated down the stream in its cradle unharmed for a distance of six (German) miles.Franck, fol. 252. b.
[208]Spangenberg, M. Chr. fol. 432. a.
[209]Klemzen, p. 254.
[210]Schwelin, p. 144.Newenar, fol. 69. a. “fecit tamen huius anni, ac fortasse etiam præcedentium intemperies, fluminum exundationes, frigora cum humiditate perpetuo coniuncta,ut jam in Germania Britannicus quidam aër suscitatus videri possit.” Similar accounts are met with in almost all the chronicles.
[211]Leuthinger, p. 90. see “Scriptorum,” etc.
[212]CompareAutenrieth’sexcellent work on this subject.
[213]Schiller, sect. I. cap. 2. fol. 3. b.
[214]Franck, fol. 243. b.
[215]Basle among others was particularly distinguished.Stettler, part II. p. 34.
[216]Spangenberg, loc. cit.
[217]Leuthinger, p. 89.
[218]From Whitsuntide till towards St. James’s day, the 25th of July.Klemzen, p. 254.
[219]Two masters of vessels, who had quitted the helm from a sudden attack of this kind, were in danger of grounding upon the Mole. Their situation was, however, noticed, and they were saved.Klemzen.
[220]Spangenberg, M. Chr. fol. 432. a.
[221]Ibid. fol. 433. a. 435. b.Schwelin, pp. 149, 150.
[222]A Chronicler of the Marches even assures us that it lasted until 1546. Annales Berol. Marchic: but the other contemporary writers contradict this.
[223]Spangenberg, fol. 432. a.
[224]Newenarindeed maintains that the Sweating Fever used to break out in England every year, fol. 68. b., but such general and unsupported assertions coming from foreigners (the GrafHermann von Newenarwas provost of Cologne) are wholly unworthy of credence.
[225]About the 25th of July.
[226]From St. James’s day, the 25th of July, until the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary on the 15th of August.Staphorst.
[227]It appears, for instance, somewhere in the second volume ofLeibnitz, Scriptores rerum Brunsvicensium, that 8000 people had died of the Sweating Fever in Hamburgh. An unknown Chronicler inStaphorst, Part II vol. I. p. 85, states 2000.
[228]“Moreover in the year 1529, about St. James’s day, Almighty God sent a terrible disease upon the city of Hamburgh; it was the Sweating Sickness, which showed itself in a different manner, and began when CaptainHermann Everscame from England on St. James’s day with many young companions, of whom, in the course of two days, twelve died of this disease, which was unknown as well in Hamburgh as in other countries, so that the oldest person did not recollect to have seen a similar disease.” An unknown eye-witness, quoted inStaphorst, Part II. Vol. I. p. 83. Another person expresses himself to the same effect, p. 85. “The disease had its origin in England, for the people were there attacked in the street when they came on shore, and those who came in contact with them, many of whom were of the lower class, took it.” Notices of uncertain date to be found inAdelung, at p. 77.Steltzner, Part II. p. 219. In the abbrev. Hamb. Chron. p. 45, and elsewhere.
[229]“As soon as the ship arrived in Hamburgh people began to die throughout the city, and in the morning it was rumoured that four persons had died of it.” FromReimar Koch’sMS. Chron. of Lübeck. For the extract from it the author is indebted to the kindness of ProfessorAckermannof Lübeck.
[230]Klemzen, p. 254. It was thought that the waters of the Baltic were poisoned.
[231]Reimar Kock’sChronicle of Lübeck.
[232]“In the year 1529, this violent disease passed in a very short time all over Germany, and in Lübeck many of its most distinguished citizens died on the vigil of St. Peter in Vinculis.”Regkman, p. 135. CompareKirchring, p. 143.Bonn, p. 144.
[233]Reimar Kock.
[234]Schmidt, p. 307.
[235]See above, p. 243; andKlemzen, p. 254.
[236]Euric. Cordus.
[237]Gruner, It. p. 23.
[238]Namely, on the Tuesday after the Beheading of John the Baptist (29th Aug.), which fell on a Sunday, for S. Ægidius was on the Wednesday. The dates are given throughout according toPilgrim’sCalendarium chronologicum.
[239]Klemzen, p. 255.
[240]Curicke, p. 271.
[241]Kronica der Preussen, fol. 191. b.
[242]Stettler, II. p. 33.
[243]InGratorol.fol. 74. b.
[244]Gruner, It. p. 25, according to MS. Chronicles.
[245]Franck, fol. 253. a.
[246]ByJoseph Franck, in the latest edition of his Praxeos Medicæ Universæ Præcepta. CompareGruner, It. p. 28.
[247]Klemzen, p. 254.
[248]This appears from a letter ofEuricius Cordusto the Hessian private secretary,Joh. Rau von Nordeck, at the end of the 2d edition of hisRegimen.
[249]Magnus Hundtclosed his on the 7th October.
[250]Bayer von Elbogen, cap. 7.
[251]It was called there theIngelsche Sweetsieckte, or the Sweating Sickness.
[252]Forest.L. VI. Obs. VII. Schol. p. 157. Obs. VIII. c. Schol. p. 158.Wagenaar, T. II. p. 508.
[253]Pontan.p. 762.Haraeus, T. I. p. 581. Antwerpsch Chronykje, p. 31.Ditmar, p. 473.
[254]“Laquelle (sa suette) s’estendit par le pays d’Oostlande, de Hollande, Zeelande, et autres des pays bas, on en étoit endedens vingt et quatre heures mort ou guarry, elle ne dura in Zeelande pour le plus que 15 jours, dont plusieurs en moururent.”Le Petit, T. I. Livr. VII. p. 81.
[255]Forest, loc. cit.
[256]Erasm.Epist. Lib. XXVI. ep. 58. col. 1477. b. AtZerbstthe Sweating Fever lasted, in like manner, only five days.Gruner, It. p. 29.
[257]It was called there “den engelske Sved.”
[258]Frederick I.Histor. p. 181. The same words inHuitfeld, T. II. p. 1315.
[259]BoesensBeskrivelse over Helsingöer. For this statement the author has to thank Dr.Mansa, regimental physician at Copenhagen.
[260]Dr.Baden, D. C. L., took much pains, at the request ofGruner, in making researches, but has elicited nothing more thanHuitfeldhas given. A copy of his Latin letter toGruneron this subject, has likewise reached the author through Dr.Mansa.
[261]Dalin, D. III. p. 221.Engelske Svetten.InTegel’sHistory of king Gustavus I. Part I. p. 267, general notices only are to be found respecting the English Sweating Sickness in Sweden, without any exact date (autumn of 1529) or description of the disease, such as are met with without number in the German Chronicles.Sven Hedinclearly estimates the mortality in the epidemic sweating fever too highly, when he compares it, p. 27, with the depopulation caused by the Black Death. He gives (p. 47) a striking passage on the Sweating Sickness from Linneus’s pathological prælections. The great naturalist has, however, allowed free scope to his imagination, and, like all the physicians of modern times who have delivered their sentiments on the English Sweating Sickness, knows far too little of the facts to be able to form a right judgment on the subject. (Supplement till Handboken för Praktiska Läkare-vetenskapen, rörande epidemiska och smittosamma sjukdomar i allmänhet, och särdeles de Pestilentialiska. 1 sta St. Stockholm, 1805. 8vo.)
[262]FromReimar Kock’sMS. Chronicle of Lübeck, andForest, loc. cit. CompareGruner’sItinerarium, which is prepared throughout with laudable and even tedious diligence, but which met with so little acknowledgment in the Brunonian age, that it has already become a rare work.
[263]“According to which it was given out by some, that a sweat must be kept up for twenty-four hours in succession, and in the mean time, that no air should be admitted to the patient. This treatment sent many to their graves.”—Erfurt Chronicle.
[264]Erfurt Chronicle, and in the same strainSpangenberg, M. Chr. fol. 402. b.Pomarius, p. 617. andSchmidt, p. 305.Gemmawrites of the Netherlands, L. I. c. 8. p. 189, having received his account from his father, who was himself the subject of the Sweating Sickness: “Consuti (sewn up) et violenter operti clamitabant misere, obtestabantur Deum atque hominum fidem, sese dimitterent, sesuffocari iniectis molibus, sese vitam in summis angustiis exhalare, sed assistentes has querelas ex rabie proficisci,medicorum opinione persuasi, urgebant continue usque ad 24 horas,” etc.
[265]Schmidt, loc. cit.
[266]——“Animos omnium terrore perculit adeo ut multis metus et imaginatio morbum conciliarit.”Erasm.Epist. L. XXVI. ep. 56. c. 1476. a.Spangenberg, loc. cit.
[267]“Many an one sweats for fear and thinks he has the English sweat, and when he afterwards hath slept it off, acknowledges that it was all nonsense.”Bayer v. Elbogen, cap. 8.
[268]The author could adduce some extraordinary instances of this kind which have occurred in his own practice.