67B. C.Jotopata, in Judea, captured by the Romans under Vespasian, on the first of Panemus, in the 13th year of Nero. The city was demolished, entombing 40,000 Jews, the number of slain.
1205.Henry Dandolo, duke of Venice, died. He was a brave admiral, who took Constantinople, 1203, and had the moderation to refuse the imperial dignity.
1204. Rouen, the capital of Normandy, conquered by the French, which with the Dutchy had been separated from France for 300 years.
1450.Jack Cade'srebellion broke out in England.
1533.Ann Boleyncrowned queen of England.
1571. Dr.John Story, an unrelenting persecutor of the protestants, was executed at Tyburn. On the accession of Elizabeth he fled to Flanders, and used all the influence he possessed to injure the trade of his native country.
1572.Ovid's Elegiesburned at Stationer's hall by the order of the bishops of Canterbury and London.
1572.Thomas, duke of Norfolk, executed for high treason. He was the first subject in England by rank, and the qualities of his mind corresponded with his high station. He fell a victim to love and ambition, in attempting to marry Mary Stuart.
1593.Christopher Marlowe, an English dramatist and poet, murdered in an affray. He was accounted an excellent poet in his time.
1603. A man was whipped through London for going to court when his house was infected by plague. In this visitation 30,244 persons died. James I, to avoid this plague retired to Wilton.
1638. Earthquake in New England; it occurred in the afternoon, and was so violent as to shake down movable articles in houses, and formed a memorable epoch in the annals of the country.
1660.Mary Dyerexecuted. She was a quakeress, who had been banished from Massachusetts, and on her return was sentenced to death for "rebellious sedition and obtruding herself after banishment on pain of death."
1666. Great naval action between the Dutch under de Ruyter and Tromp, and English prince, Rupert, which continued four days with great fury, and the victory was claimed by both parties.
1679.Grahamof Claverhouse defeated by the Scottish covenanters at Drumclog, Scotland.
1740.Samuel Werenfels, a Swiss professor and author, died; respected for his learning and many virtues.
1743.Robert le Lorraine, a celebrated French sculptor, died.
1764. The French carried off all the inhabitants of Turk's island, in the West Indies, with 9 English vessels.
1769.Edward Holyoke, president of Harvard college, died; an excellent mathematician and natural philosopher.
1774. Boston port bill went into operation. Business closed at noon, and the harbor was shut against all vessels. The citizens, on a short notice of 20 days, were deprived of the means of gaining a subsistence. Contributions were raised in other cities for their relief, and the inhabitants of Marblehead offered the merchants the use of their wharves. Universal indignation spread through the colonies against this high handed measure of the British king and parliament.
1780. American privateer Pickering, 16 guns, Capt. Harridon, captured British ship, Golden Eagle, 22 guns.
1783.Charles Byrne, the Irish giant, died. His height was 8 feet 2 inches. (SeeMay 13, 1781, Roger Byrne).
1785.John Adams, the first minister of the United States of America to England, was presented to the king.
1791. The United States army under gen. Chas. Scott entered the Kikapoo villages, on the Wabash, and taking the Indians by surprise, exterminated their villages, killed and took many prisoners. He returned without the loss of a man killed by the enemy. These savages committed great depredations on the frontiers, and refused all terms of peace.
1792. Kentucky admitted into the Union with the consent of Virginia.
1793. The armed Parisians again assembled with cannon around the convention, and demanded the arrest of the Brissotine party. The decree of accusation was passed.
1793. The death of Richard Crutwell, the well known editor of theBath Chronicle, took place at Cheltenham, England.
1794. Action between the French fleet, 26 ships of the line, under Joyeuse, and the British fleet, 25 ships, under lord Howe. The French were defeated with great loss.
1795.Peter Joseph Desault, a noted French surgeon, died.
1796. Tennessee admitted into the Union.
1797. Desperate engagement between an Algerine cruiser of 18 guns, well manned, and a Corsican frigate of 26 nine and twelve pounders. The action began at 7 in the morning, and was continued with unremitted obstinacy until 3 in the afternoon, when a sloop and cutter coming up, the frigate was towed off in a disabled condition, and the pirate being completely riddled, they fired the magazine, and blew themselves up. The Algerine had a number of Christian captives on board, and was commanded by Sidney Beder, the terror of the Spanish coast.
1805. Detroit destroyed by fire. The houses on 25 streets were consumed; 16 persons lost their lives, and the cattle, generally shared the same fate.
1807. Niesse, a Prussian fortress in Silesia, taken by the French under Jerome Bonaparte, with 3,000 prisoners, and about 300 cannon.
1811.William Eaton, an American general, died; celebrated for his heroic achievements in the expedition against Tripoli, 1798.
1813. Action between the United States frigate Chesapeake, 36 guns, Capt. Lawrence, 2 days out from Boston, with a raw crew, and British frigate Shannon, 38 guns, and a picked crew. The Chesapeake was captured, with the loss of Capt. Lawrence and 146 killed and wounded, British loss 84.
1815.Alexander Berthier, a distinguished French officer, killed. He served in America during the revolutionary war, and afterwards signalized his talents and bravery under Bonaparte, who placed unlimited confidence in him.
1832.Thomas Sumter, a distinguished officer of the revolution, died, aged 97.
1833.Rene Savary, duke of Rovigo, died; one of the ministers of France under Bonaparte.
1833.Oliver Wolcottdied; a statesman under Washington, and 10 years successively governor of Connecticut.
1833. Cholera broke out at Lexington, Ky., number of deaths to August 1st, 502.
1835.Otho, king of Greece, his minority having ended, ascended the throne at Athens, with appropriate ceremonies.
1839. Port Gibson, Miss., destroyed by fire.
1841.David Wilkie, an excellent Scottish painter, died at Gibraltar, on his return from Egypt, aged 56. He was the author of many celebrated works in his profession.
1843. Dr.James Hagan, a native of Ireland, but for several years a citizen of the United States, fell in a street fight in Vicksburgh, Miss., provoked by the violence of his language as an editor.
1846. PopeGregory XVIdied. His pontificate was 15 years.
1846. A convention of delegates to revise the constitution of New York met at Albany.
1847. The steamer Washington, first of the Collins or American line, sailed from New York.
1848. Defeat of the Danes by the Germans.
1852. A submarine telegraph wire coated with gutta percha, was laid across the channel, from Holyhead, a distance of 80 miles, by which telegraphic communication was completed from London to Dublin.
1854. Four British steamers attacked and destroyed the ships, dockyards and stores at Uleaborg.
1854.Emily Chubbuck, widow of Adoniram Judson, died at Hamilton, N. Y.; better known as Fanny Forrester, an accomplished woman, and a writer of considerable celebrity.
1855. The republic of Nicaragua issued a manifesto, proclaiming "martial law and prohibiting the adventurers Kinney and Fabens," on pain of death from entering the republic for any cause.
193.Didius Julianus, emperor of Rome, executed after a reign of 60 days, which he purchased of the soldiers.
1581.James Douglas, earl Morton, was guillotined at Edinburgh for the supposed murder of lord Darnley.
1609. Seven ships, attended by two small vessels, with 500 people, sailed for Virginia, under sir Thomas Gates, sir Geo. Somers, and Christopher Newport. (SeeMay 23.)
1627.Charles Igranted to James Hay, earl of Carlisle, by letters patent, all the Caribbean islands.
1653. Action between the English fleet under Monk, and the Dutch under Tromp. The action continued 2 days, and resultedin the defeat of the Dutch, who lost 20 ships taken or destroyed.
1656. Corner stone of the Dutch church, laid in the centre of State street, in the city of Albany, N. Y., by Rutger Jacobsen, one of the magistrates.
1671.Edward Leigh, a learned Englishman, and member of the long parliament, died.
1676. Indian battle near Mount Hope. About 300 of the English, mounted on horses, with a number of friendly Indians, in pursuit of Philip and his regiment of Wampanoags, came upon their camp, which had been newly pitched in a swamp. The friendly Indians upon a given signal ran down upon them from one side, while the mounted soldiers attacked them from the opposite side, so that many of those who fled were taken prisoners. The fruits of this expedition were 3,000 of the enemy killed and taken, and among the prisoners a Narraganset squaw called the old queen. None of the English, and but few of the allies were hurt in this assault. Philip escaped this pursuit, although it was an irreparable blow to his plan of a general extermination of the English settlements, and nearly completed his ruin.
1754. Earthquake at Cairo, in Egypt, which nearly destroyed the city, and buried 40,000 of its inhabitants in the ruins.
1779. Verplank's point, with a garrison of 70, and 4 cannon, surrendered to the British gen. H. Clinton.
1780. Great riots in London. Lord Gordon, at the head of 50,000 protestants, went to parliament to present a petition against popery.
1781. French underBouilletook Tobago.
1782. Battle of Arnee, in India, and defeat of Hyder Ally, by the British under sir Eyre Coote.
1783.Washingtonfurloughed the soldiers of the war.
1789. BaronKnyphausen, a Hessian general in the British service during the war of the American revolution, died at Berlin, in Prussia, aged 59.
1791. The city of Anapa, in Asia, stormed and taken from the Turks by the Russians. In the assault many were put to the sword, and a pasha and 14,000 made prisoners.
1793.Brissotand several other members of the convention arrested in Paris.
1795.M. Dambourneydied at Rouen; distinguished as a merchant and a man of science.
1802. British house of commons voted Dr. Jenner £10,000 for his discovery of the vaccine inoculation.
1803.Thomas Pett, an English miser, died. He went to London at the age of 10, with a solitary shilling in his pocket. He lodged 30 years in one gloomy apartment, which was never lighted up with coal, candle, or the countenance of a visitant. It is said he never eat a morsel at his own expense, and left about $35,000 to relatives whom he had never seen.
1805. British surrendered Diamond rock, Martinique, to the French.
1811.Christoph, andMaria Louisa, his sable consort, crowned at Cape Francois, sovereigns of Hayti.
1812.John William de Winter, a noted Dutch admiral, died at Paris.
1814. Peace between Great Britain and France proclaimed in London.
1843.John Cary, a negro, died at Washington, aged 114. He accompanied Washington as his personal servant in the old French war, and preserved a dress coat presented to him by the general, which he had worn at the siege of Yorktown.
1854. The military force of Boston was called out to protect the government marshal in delivering Anthony Burns, a fugitive slave, on board a Virginia vessel. No serious outbreak occurred, though crowds thronged the streets, and hooted and hissed and groaned, and threw missiles at the military, and at the marshal and his assistants.
1855. There was a riot at Portland, Me.; a crowd attempted to seize with violence certain liquors, claimed to be owned by the city; and, persisting, the military were called out and fired, killing one man and wounding others.
1098. Capture of Antioch, the capital of Syria, by the first crusaders. The sword of Godfrey, says an eye witness, divided a Turk from the shoulder to the haunch; and one half of the infidel fell to the ground, while the other half was carried by his horse to the city gates.
1137. Cathedral of Rochester, in England, burned.
1162.Thomas a Becketmade archbishop of Canterbury.
1594.John Aylmer, a learned and benevolent English prelate, died. He was tutor to lady Jane Grey, and more noted for his severity against the Puritans than for his learning.
1609.Mary Ellisdied at Leigh, England, aged 119. Her inscription informs the reader that "she was a virgin of virtuous courage and very promising hopes."
1611. LadyArabella Seymourescaped from confinement in the tower of London by stratagem.
1647. KingCharles Iof England arrested by Joyce with 500 cavalry, at Holdenby.
1649.Faria E. Sousa, a Castilian historian and lyric poet, died. He devoted himself with great ardor to literature, and wrote, by his own account, 12 sheets daily. He labored 25 years on a commentary on theLusiade, which was prohibited by the inquisition.
1657.William Harvey, an English physician, died; celebrated as the discoverer of the circulation of the blood.
1665. Naval action between the British fleet, 114 sail, besides fire ships, under the duke of York and prince Rupert, and the Dutch under admiral Opdam. The latter were defeated, with the loss of 19 ships sunk or taken. The admiral's ship was blown up with himself and all the crew. The English lost but one ship.
1689. Six captains with 400 men in New York, and a company of 70 men from East Chester, joined Leisler in holding the fort at New York for the prince of Orange.
1694. The duke ofSavoy, at the instance of England and Holland decreed the free exercise of their religion to the Vaudois.
1732.Edmund Calamydied; an eminent English divine among the non-conformists.
1740.Jethro Tulldied; celebrated as the first Englishman who bestowed particular attention on agriculture, and endeavored to reduce it to a science.
1759. AdmiralRodneybombarded Havre de Grace, France, 52 hours without intermission.
1769. Transit of Venus over the sun's disc. Capt. Cook sailed from England to Otaheite with scientific men, to take an observation there. As it had never been seen but twice before by any inhabitant of our planet, and could never be seen again by any person then living, it caused considerable excitement among the scientific in Europe. It was also observed by our countryman David Rittenhouse, at Philadelphia.
1770. The city of Port-au-prince, St. Domingo, destroyed by an earthquake.
1776. During the celebration of a wedding at Mantua, the floor of the house gave way, and 66 persons were killed, among whom was the bride.
1780.Thomas Hutchinson, a governor of Massachusetts, died. He published a valuable history of the colony from 1628 to 1749, and a third volume has been compiled from his manuscripts, extending it to 1774.
1788. LordMansfield, of England, resigned his chief justiceship of the king's bench, a station he had occupied with distinguished reputation for 32 years.
1789.Paul Egededied, aged 81; author of anAccount of Greenland, and a zealous missionary there.
1790. Action between the Swedish and Russian fleets, in which the former were defeated with great loss.
1802. MadameMara, the celebrated vocalist, took leave of the English stage.
1805. Peace concluded between the United States and Tripoli; the American prisoners to be liberated.
1808.Philip Schuyler, an officer of the revolution, died at Albany, aged 73. He possessed a mind of great vigor and enterprise, and was characterized by integrity and amiableness.
1826.Nicholai Mikhaelovitch Karamsindied. He was one of the most eminent Russian writers that country has yet produced.
1832.Jean Pierre Abel Remusatdied; a distinguished French orientalist, and professor of the Chinese and Tartar languages in the college of France.
1836.Barry Edward O'Mearadied; formerly surgeon to Napoleon, and author ofNapoleon in Exile, and other works.
1840. The steam packet Unicorn, the first steam vessel from England to Boston, arrived in the latter port in 18 days from Liverpool.
1844.Alexander J. Dallas, an American commodore, died on board his frigate in Callao bay, having been in the naval service 39 years.
1848. Gunpowder explosion at Vera Cruz, by which several buildings were injured and 20 persons killed, mostly women.
1137. The greater part of the city of York, its cathedral, and 39 churches burned.
1453.Alvarez de Luna, a Spanish statesman, executed. He acquired such an ascendancy over the king that he was himself the monarch more than 30 years.
1520. A famous interview between the kings of England and France, near Guisnes.
1561. St. Paul's, London, burnt, having stood nearly four centuries. Its dimensions were 960 feet in length, 130 in breadth, and surmounted by a spire 520 feet high.
1585.Mark Anthony Muretusdied; a French critic and poet.
1663.William Juxon, archbishop of Canterbury, died. He was the friend of Laud, by whose influence he was promoted, and by whose fall he was a great sufferer. He was exemplary in his conduct and irreproachable in the discharge of hisduties; and on the restoration was raised to the see of Canterbury.
1665.John Lawson, an English admiral, killed.
1691. Baltimore in Ireland taken by the English under general Ginkle.
1711. The fleet of transports containing 5,000 troops from England and Flanders, designed for the reduction of Canada, arrived at the port of Boston, under sir Hoveden Walker, after a passage of one month's duration.
1725. A general assembly of the kirk of Scotland met at Edinburgh.
1731. A person sentenced at the old Bailey court of London to be hanged for forgery; said to have been the first capital punishment for that offence.
1737.Francis le Moine, an excellent French painter, ran himself through with a sword in a fit of lunacy.
1738. Birthday ofGeorge IIIof England. He began his reign at the age of 22, and occupied the throne 60 years.
1744.Ansonarrived in England after a voyage of three years round the world.
1745. Battle of Hohenfriedberg, between the army of Frederick II of Prussia, and that of prince Charles of Lorrain, in which the latter was defeated with the loss of 4,000 killed and 7,000 prisoners.
1745.Alexis Normand, advocate of the parliament of Paris, died; justly celebrated for his love of justice.
1746. Battle of San Lazaro; the French defeated in an assault upon the Austrian camp, with the loss of 15,000 killed, wounded, and prisoners, 60 colors and 10 cannon.
1792. First legislature of Kentucky met.
1792. Route between Pennsylvania and the Genesee country in New York explored.
1792.John Burgoyne, a British officer and dramatist, died. He was "tint at Saratoga."
1794. Port-au-prince, St. Domingo, taken by the British. They found 131 cannon, &c., 13 ships and 9 brigs laden, and other vessels.
1796. Battle of Altenkirchen; the French under Kleber defeated the Austrians and took much booty.
1798. Battle of Tubberneering; the united Irishmen defeated the English under colonel Walpole, who was shot through the head.
1799. Battle of Zurich between the French under Massena, and the Austrians under the archduke Charles.
1800. Cisalpine republic re-established by Bonaparte.
1800. The English squadron under Pellew attacked Quiberon in France, destroyed the forts and brought off several vessels.
1800.Francis Buller, an eminent English judge, died.
1801. Genoa united to France; Eugene Beauharnais appointed viceroy of Italy, by Bonaparte, who at the same time appointed the order of theiron crown.
1803.Francis Xavier Talbotdied; a French ecclesiastic, and author of some poems.
1804. Vaccination for the cowpox introduced with great success in Persia.
1805. The American prisoners at Tripoli liberated.
1807.Edward Dilly, a benevolent and distinguished bookseller, died. His purse and advice were always at the service of the deserving.
1808. A new constitution formed for Spain by Bonaparte.
1813. The French under Joseph Bonaparte and Jourdan evacuated Valladolid, Spain.
1816. Treaty between the United States and Weas and Kickapoo Indians.
1817.Clotilda Tambroni, an Italian poetess, died.
1819. Washington lodge of independent order of Odd Fellows organized at Baltimore, Md., the first lodge of the order in the United States.
1823.Louis Nicholas Davoust, duke of Auerstadt and prince of Eckmuhl, died; one of Napoleon's bravest generals.
1829. Steam frigate Fulton blown up, and 26 persons killed.
1835.Owen Pughedied in Wales; author of aWelsh and English Dictionary, and styled the Johnson of Wales.
1837.Abiel Holmes, a learned American clergyman, died, aged 74; known principally by hisAmerican Annals, one of the most valuable historical publications that has been written in this country.
1843.Andrew Belldied at Perth Amboy, N. J., for many years surveyor for the proprietors of that state.
1844.Jesse Smithdied at Salem, Mass., aged 88. He fought at Bunkers hill, and also at almost every other scene of conflict during the war of the American revolution.
1848.Matthew Gregorydied at Albany, aged 91; a revolutionary soldier, who was at the capture of Cornwallis; the noted keeper of the Tontine in the early part of the century.
1854. A riot occurred at Brooklyn, N. Y., between the advocates of street preaching and the catholics, when many persons were killed and wounded, and quiet was only restored by the aid of the military.
1856.Alexander Crichton, an English physician, died near London, aged 93. He was for many years physician in ordinary to the emperor Alexander I, ofRussia, and was the oldest member of the Royal society.
1402.Henry IVtried to dispel by proclamation the rumors of Richard VI having appeared in Scotland.
1465.Enrique IV, a weak king of Castile, deposed and solemnly degraded in the public square at Avila, and his brother Alonzo proclaimed king in his stead.
1480.Caxtoncompleted the printing of the history of England, which he thus announced: "The Chronicles of England, &c. Enputed by me William Caxton. In thabbey of Westmynstre by London, &c., the v day of Juyn the yere of thincarnacion of our lord god m.cccc.lxxx, &c.," folio.
1508.Lamoral Egmont, count of Holland, beheaded by order of the Spanish duke of Alva, at Brussels. He was a renowned general in the Spanish armies, but they were jealous of his partialities for his own country's liberty.
1594. Three ships fitted out by some Amsterdam and Zealand merchants, for the purpose of discovering a passage to India by the Northern ocean, sailed from the Texel under Willem Barentszoon and Jacob Heemskerk, shaping their course around Nova Zembla.
1603. The English merchants trading to the Levant surrendered their patent to the king. They paid £4,000 annually for this commercial monopoly.
1667.John Henry Hottinger, a learned Swiss orientalist, drowned in the Limmat. Notwithstanding the assiduity with which he applied himself to his numerous avocations he found time to write several works.
1672. An Indian deed under this date granted to the inhabitants of Schenectady a territory of three miles (12 English miles) all around that town.
1690.Thomas Baker, an English mathematician and general scholar, died at Bishops Nymmet, where he lived a retired and literary life.
1716.Roger Cotes, an English mathematician and astronomer, died, aged 33. He was rapidly acquiring distinction in science, and his loss was much regretted.
1724.Henry Sacheverell, a notorious English prelate, died. He made himself obnoxious to parliament by the intemperance of his sermons. The mob took up his cause, and the ministry was overturned. He does not seem to have deserved much of the adulation bestowed upon him.
1745. Battle of Placentia, in which the Spaniards and French were defeated.
1757.Charles Vinerdied; an eminent English law writer.
1781. Fort Cornwallis, at Augusta, Ga., surrendered with 300 men to the Americans under Pickens and Lee. The latter had 40 killed during the siege which lasted 17 days.
1783. First public ascension of a balloon. It was made at Annonay, in France, by John and Stephen Montgolfier. An immense bag of linen lined with paper, and containing 23,000 cubic feet, was provided for the occasion. It was inflated by burning chopped straw and wool under the aperture of the machine, which immediately began to swell; and on being set at liberty ascended 6,000 feet into the air. As yet no individual had ascended.
1790. The steam boat constructed by John Fitch, left the city of Philadelphia at 4 o'clock in the morning for Trenton landing; from which place she returned to Philadelphia again at 5 in the afternoon, performing 80 miles against a strong head wind all the way down, and 16 miles against current and tide. It was propelled by 12 oars, and was the first successful experiment in America, and the most successful one in the world at that time—16 years before the triumph of Fulton.
1792.David Henry, an English printer, died. He was for more than half a century an active manager of theGentlemen's Magazine, and published several other valuable works.
1794. Battle near Schecketschine, beyond the Vistula, in which the Russians defeated the Poles under Kosciusko.
1794. A small island emerged from the sea near the island of Tenedos. It was about half a mile in circumference.
1798. United Irishmen repulsed with great loss in an attack on New Ross. The British, on the score of retaliation put to death 221 prisoners, men, women and children.
1799. Bonaparte reached Jaffa on his retreat from St. Jean d'Acre, where he remained three days; during which time the French burnt the neighboring villages, carried away all the grain and cattle; they also destroyed all the fortifications at Jaffa, and threw the artillery into the sea.
1799. The archdukeCharlescompelled the French under Massena to evacuate Zurich.
1800. A signal defeat of five columns of Austrians by two French, on the Iller.
1806.Napoleonproclaimed his brother Louis Bonaparte king of Holland.
1807. Battle of Spandau, in which the Russians attacked the French under Bernadotte, and were repulsed with the loss of 1,200 killed.
1811. Venezuela in South America declared itself independent.
1813. Battle of Stoney creek, Canada, in which the Americans were attacked by the British in the night. American loss 30 killed and about 180 taken. British loss about 250.
1816.John Paisiello, an Italian composer, died at Naples. His reputation extended over the whole continent, and his presence was courted by the sovereigns of Europe. His works are numerous and in high repute.
1826.Carl Maria Von Weber, the celebrated German musical composer, died at Paris. He is one of the best of the modern authors.
1827. The academy of sciences at Paris had presented to them at their sitting this day, the phenomenon of a woman with a breast in her left thigh, with which she suckled her own and several other children.
1828.Harry Stoe Van Dyck, a poetical and miscellaneous writer, of Dutch descent, died near London. In conjunction with Bowring he translated specimens of the Dutch poets, under the title ofBatavian Anthology, which procured each of them a handsome medal from the king of Holland.
1847. The celebrated African farmer of Cedar creek, Del., died, almost 118 years of age.
1852.Jacques Pradierdied near Paris, aged 54; the most distinguished sculptor of his day in France.
1852.John Howard Paynedied at Tunis, Africa, aged 60. He was a native of New-York, and long styled on English boards the American Roscius. He was British consul at Tunis at the time of his death.
1854. A large elephant attached to a menagerie, while going from Providence, R. I., to Fall River, Mass., broke loose from his keeper, and before he could be captured attacked all the carriages that he encountered on the road, killing the horses, tearing the wagons to pieces, and severely injuring several persons.
1854.John Fryall Snodgrass, a distinguished and successful Virginia lawyer, died at Parkersburg, aged 50. He was an influential and valuable member of the convention for revising the constitution in 1850, and fell dead in court while trying a cause.
1855. The National Know-nothing, or American convention assembled at Philadelphia.
1855. The British frigate Cossack appeared off Hango Udd, and sent a boat on shore under a flag of truce, and the men landed; when the boat was fired on and sunk, and the crew killed or wounded and taken prisoners.
1856. GovernorJohnson, of California, declared San Francisco to be in a state of insurrection.
1856.Asa Cummings, an American divine, died at sea, aged 65. He was editor of theChristian Mirrorat Portland, Me., from 1826 to 1855, and was deeply interested in the cause of missions and education.
356.B. C.Birthday ofAlexander,the Great, on the sixth day ofLous(Hecatombæon) during the Olympic games, in the first year of the 106th Olympiad, at Pella. This joyfuldeliverancewas notified to Philip at the falling of Potidæa; and two other messengers reached his camp on the same day, announcing that his race horse had gained the prize at the games, and that Parmenio his captain had defeated the Illyrians. It was on the night of this very day that the celebrated temple of Diana was burnt to the ground by Eratostratus, an Ephesian youth who fondly panted for an infamous reputation.
1210. KingJohn, landed in Ireland, and received the homage of twenty native princes.
1439. The act of union between the Greek and Latin churches, took place in the cathedral of Florence, where the contracting parties met, at the instigation of John Palæologus; but was sundered by the act of Russia.
1481.Battista Frescobaldiand others engaged in a conspiracy to assassinate Lorenzo de Medici, executed at Florence.
1487. Battle of Stoke; the earl of Lincoln defeated and slain by the king Henry VII.
1527. PopeClement VII, surrendered the castle of St. Angelo, and gave up himself a prisoner to the imperialists, under Philbert de Chalons, prince of Orange, who succeeded the duke of Bourbon.
1533.Ludovico Ariosto, the Italian poet, died. HisOrlando Furiosoprocured him the laurel crown at Rome, which was placed upon his brow by the emperor Charles V.
1577. On Corpus Christi's Eve, the usual celebration greatly aggrieved the perth weekly assembly. The play being judged idolatrous.
1597.William Hunis, one of the contributors to the metrical theology of the times of Edward VI, died. Edward himself was no mean writer. Hunis versified the whole book of Genesis, calling it a hive full of honey.
1650.Anthony Aschama friend of Cromwell, and member of the long parliament,assassinated. He was at the time envoy to Spain, and the deed was perpetrated by six exiled royalists there.
1660.Charles II, issued a proclamation for the regicides to surrender, that they might not be excepted from the general pardon: 19 availed themselves of the proclamation, but 19 others doubting the sincerity of the government, disobeyed the summons.
1693. Dr.Pitcairn, published at Leyden his dissertation on the circulation of the blood through the veins.
1710.Louise Francoise Valliere, wife of the duke of Orleans, and mistress of Louis XIV, died. She spent the last 35 years of her life in a cloister in acts of piety and devotion.
1745. A body of Silesian peasants, at Landshut, 2000 in number, sought permission of the king, Frederick II, to massacre the Roman catholics. He refused to allow the barbarous demand.
1749. Conspiracy of the Turkish slaves at Malta to exterminate the order of knights.
1761. British under lord Rolla took Dominica.
1762.George Anson, the circumnavigator, died, aged 62. His life was spent upon the ocean, and he rendered important services to his country, for which he was rewarded.
1780. Riots in London continued, occasioned by the property act. The rioters liberated the prisoners confined in the prisons, and totally destroyed Newgate by fire.
1794. Point a Petre, Guadaloupe, stormed by the French.
1799.Patrick Henry, an eminent Virginian patriot, orator and statesman, died, aged 63. He was chosen the first governor of Virginia, on the abdication of lord Dunmore.
1800. SirEdward Pellew'ssquadron landed and destroyed the forts at Morbihan, in France, blew up the magazines, destroyed the guns, took 100 prisoners, 2 brigs of 18 guns, 2 sloops and 2 gun vessels.
1807. Battle of Deppen, in which the French cut to pieces a body of Russians.
1807. Battle of Eylau, between the French and Russians; 30,000 of the latter were killed.
1808. Spanish Junta declared war against Bonaparte. Same day he issued a degree at Bayonne, declaring his brother Joseph king of Spain and the Indies.
1832. Riots commenced in Paris between the Carlists and republicans united, and the National guards. The rioters were finally overpowered, after several days' resistance and great slaughter.
1832.Jeremy Bentham, a celebrated English jurist, died, aged 85. He was a man of great learning and eccentricity, and devoted his long life to laborious study.
1853. The Italian ecclesiastic Gavazzi, lectured at Quebec, and gave rise to a riot.
1854.John Speed Smith, a highly intelligent and cultivated Kentucky gentleman, died. He was repeatedly a member of the Kentucky legislature, and served two years in congress.
1855. The bombardment of Sebastopol was reopened with 157 guns and mortars on the part of the British, and above 300 on the part of the French.
218.Marcus Opilius Severus Macrinus, emperor of Rome, beheaded by his soldiers. He was an African, and rose from the obscurest situation to the throne on the death of Caracalla.
632.Mahomet(orMohammed), founder of the Islam religion, died, aged 62. His followers are now computed at one hundred millions.
1099. The army of Christians comprising the first crusade, encamped before Jerusalem. The first army led on by Peter the Hermit, numbered at the outset 300,000; another of 600,000 followed, burning with zeal to rescue the holy land from the Moslem dominion. Battle, desertion and disease had thinned their ranks so that now there remained scarce 22,000 fit for the field, of all that vast host that had marshaled in Europe.
1329.Robert Bruce, king of Scotland, died. He succeeded by repeated and arduous efforts in freeing his country from the English yoke, and when he had accomplished his purpose, he devoted himself to advance the prosperity of his subjects.
1520. Famous interview betweenHenry VIIIof England and Francis I of France, upon "the field of the cloth of gold," on English ground. It continued eighteen days.
1546. ArchbishopCranmerand the queen accused of heresy, but protected by Henry.
1565. SirThomas Gresham, laid the foundation of the Royal Exchange, London, on the model of the Mart at Antwerp, then the centre of commerce.
1593.Lopez, a Jew, the queen's physician, convicted and with others executed, for conspiring to destroy Elizabeth.
1629. Charters granted to patroons in the colony of New Netherland, now New York.
1660. An order of council that theStationers' company do seize and deliver to the secretary of state, all copies of Buchanan'sHistory of Scotland, andDe Jure Regni apud Scotus, "which are very pernicious to monarchy, and injurious to his majesty's blessed progenitors."
1663. Second war at Esopus, now Kingston, in Ulster county, New York.
1673. Action between the Dutch admiral de Ruyter, and the French and English fleets, commanded by d'Estrees.
1692. Great earthquake in Jamaica; nine-tenths of Port Royal buried under water, and terrible devastations were made over the whole island. About 1000 acres were sunk northward of the city, and 2000 persons perished; and 3000 white inhabitants perished of pestilential diseases ascribed to the putrid effluvia issuing from the apertures.
1711.Henry Dodwell, a learned English writer, died, aged 70. His writings, which are very numerous, and which prove him to have been a man of indefatigable diligence and extensive learning, are on controversial, theological and classical subjects.
1731.William Aikman, an eminent Scottish painter, died. He was the intimate friend of the most distinguished characters of the day in England, whose portraits he painted, and thus unwittingly added much to their celebrity.
1751.John Machin, a noted English astronomer, died. He is the author of a method of determining the quadrature of the circle.
1753.Archibald Cameron, brother of Lochiel, executed; recently the estates of this attainted family have been restored. The execution of this gentleman has always been held as a specimen of ministerial cruelty.
1761. Belleisle, on the coast of Brittany, surrendered to the British. Its reduction cost an immense sum, besides the loss of 2000 choice troops, who perished in the expedition. British had 313 killed and 494 wounded.
1769.Anthony Alexander Henry Poinsinet, died; a French dramatic writer.
1775. The general court of Massachusetts met at Salem, and chose delegates to the first congress.
1779.William Warburton, bishop of Gloucester, died; an English prelate of great abilities.
1780. London riots continued. King's bench, Fleet prison, New Bridewell, and the toll gates on Blackfriar's bridge, &c., burnt. The military fired on the rioters, killed 210 and wounded 258.
1780. Unsuccessful attempt of the Spaniards with 10 fire ships to burn 3 British ships in the new mole, Gibraltar bay.
1780. About 5000 British under Knyphausen, Tryon and Stirling, left Staten Island and entered Elizabethtown, N. J.; continuing their march five miles farther to Connecticut farms, they shot the minister's wife in the midst of her children, burnt the house and church, and had much other pastime of the like character.
1786. A small manuscript volume of prayers composed and written by queen Elizabeth, sold at auction for 100 guineas.
1794. Battle of Chelm; the Poles defeated by the Russians.
1795. The royalist expedition against Quiberon, assisted by English munitions and money, terminated disastrously for the royal cause. The Republicans obtained possession of clothing and equipments which had been landed for 40,000 men.
1795. Luxemburgh, in Belgium, under marshal baron de Bender, surrendered to the French under Gen. Hatry.
1798. Battle of Antrim; lord O'Niel killed with a pike.
1805. The Antigua convoy for England, captured and burnt by the combined French and Spanish fleets.
1811. Tremendous hail storm at Alexandria, Virginia.
1826.Joseph von Traunhofer, died; a celebrated German optician.
1831.Sarah Siddons, a celebrated English tragic actress, died. She was the daughter of Roger Kemble, manager of a strolling company, married Siddons in her 18th year, and in 1782, appeared at Drury Lane in the character of Isabella. Her course from that time was a perpetual triumph, and in 1812 she retired to private life with an ample fortune.
1836.Nathan Drake, an English physician, died; also a highly respectable and voluminous author.
1836.John Prince, an American clergyman, died at Salem, Mass., aged 85; distinguished for his talents and literary acquirements, and for his improvements in the air pump.
1840.Frederick William III, king of Prussia, died, aged 70. He is characterized as an honest, just and economical ruler. Destined to take an active part in the great events which followed the French revolution, his reign was distinguished by great vicissitudes of ill fortune and success. He left a fortune of nearly twenty millions of dollars.
1848.George Tripner, an officer of the revolution, died at Philadelphia, aged 87. He was at many of the severest battles of the war, and throughout the entire campaign rendered no little service to his country.
1848. Whig convention at Philadelphianominated Gen. Zachary Taylor for the presidency.
1852.Hosea Ballou, a distinguished universalist preacher, died, aged 80. He was excluded from the baptist church, and began to preach in 1791.
1853. Important amendments were made to the New York city charter, restraining the power of municipal officers in money matters, which were adopted by a vote of 36,672 against 3,351.
1855. The allies attacked and carried some of the Russian outworks at Sebastopol; the French, those in front of the Mamelon, and the British the quarries of the Redan. The Russians made six front attempts in the course of the night to recover them, but without success. British loss in killed and wounded 30 officers and 433 men; French loss in killed and wounded estimated at 400; 75 guns and 502 prisoners were taken from the Russians.
1856.Christian Wulf, a Danish naval officer, died at Beaufort, N. C., aged 46. He was sometime at the head of the naval academy at Copenhagen, and inheriting the literary taste of his father, admiral Wulf, he translated Shakspere, and Bancroft'sHistory of the United States, and at the time of his death was making the tour of the United States.
68.Claudius Domitius Nero, emperor of Rome, destroyed himself at the age of 32, and the 14th of his dominion. He had committed every enormity, and finding himself at last the inevitable victim of a conspiracy, he was doomed to see his own grave prepared, and died with his eyes standing out of his head, to the terror of all that beheld him.
1042.Hardicanutedied at a nuptial feast of a Danish lord. By his death the connection between the kingdoms of England and Denmark was severed.
1316.Louis X(Hutin), king of Navarre, died, aged 26. During his short reign the Jews were protected and encouraged in his dominions.
1376.Edward, prince of Wales (called theblack princefrom the color of his armor), died, aged 46. He distinguished himself as a warrior under his father Edward III in the war with France, in several famous battles, and was the idol of the nation.
1405. ArchbishopScroopbeheaded at York, England, for insurrection.
1536.Henry VIII'snew parliament passed an act of attainder against Anne Boleyn, and declared both divorces legal, and the issue illegitimate.
1590.Thomas Randolph, an English diplomatist under Elizabeth, died. He wrote an account of his embassy in Russia, 1568, which may be found inHakluyt's Voyages.
1683.John Durell, an eminent English divine, died. His writings are chiefly controversial.
1692.Henry Arnauld, a French ecclesiastic, died. He was nearly half a century bishop of Angers, and devoted himself incessantly to the duties of his office.
1695.Christian Huygens, a celebrated Dutch mathematician, died. He made several astronomical discoveries, and improved the air pump. His works comprise 6 vols. 4to.
1709. Paper money first authorized and issued in New York.
1711.Catharine Lascaille, daughter of the celebrated Holland printer, James Lascaille, who herself was so famed as a poet, as to be called the Dutch Sappho, or thetenth muse, died in Holland.
1714. The princessSophiadied; fourth daughter of the king of Bohemia by Elizabeth, only daughter of James I, of England. She was the mother of George I.
1727.Augustus Herman Franckedied; professor of oriental languages and of divinity at Halle, and distinguished for his learning and piety.
1747.Thamas Kouli Khan, the Persian conqueror, assassinated. He rose from the humble rank of a shepherd boy, to be the captain of a band of robbers, which in time became sufficiently formidable to place him on the throne of Persia. He extended his conquests into India, and overran some of its richest provinces.
1755. Action off Newfoundland, between the British ship Dunkirk, 60 guns, and 420 men and boys, and the French ship Alcide, 64 guns, 700 men. The Alcide struck in about 30 minutes; the slaughter on board of her was very great, the first broadside killing 47 men and officers. The governor of Louisburg and 4 officers of note were taken, and £30,000.
1764.William Pulteney, an English statesman, died. He was many years the friend of Walpole, finally opposed his measures and was disgraced. He continued his opposition with so much zeal and spirit, that Walpole was in turn disgraced, and himself rose in his place.
1768.Abbe John Winckelman, a celebrated German antiquary, assassinated at Trieste. He was the son of a shoemaker, and sometime engaged in the same business himself. His labors were indefatigable, and his works possess great merit.
1768.Andrew Millar, the most distinguished bookseller of his times, died in London. Dr. Johnson said he had raised the price of literature.
1776. Unsuccessful attempt of 800 Americans to surprise the British at the village ofTrois Rivieres, Canada; 200 were taken prisoners. Same day the Americans under col. De Haas, burnt St. Annes, on the St. Lawrence.
1781. A reinforcement of 1,500 French troops landed at Boston, and marched to join Rochambeau at White plains.
1782.Hyder Allysurrounded and cut off the advanced body of the British army under sir Eyre Coote.
1788. £1,340,000 voted on motion of Mr. Pitt for the benefit of American loyalists.
1793. British order in council to capture vessels bound to France with corn meal or flour, the cargoes to be paid for.
1794. Festival in Paris dedicated to the Supreme Being.
1794. Corsica united to England.
1794.Godfred Augustus Burger, a German poet, died, aged 46.
1795.Louis XVII(the dauphin), died. The unhappy prince was put in charge of a wretch, on the execution of his father, by the name of Simon, a cobbler, with the instructions that he was to be got rid of. Accordingly, by the most severe treatment, by beating, cold, vigils, fasts, and ill usage of every kind, he sank to the grave.
1806.George Wythe, a signer from Virginia, died, aged 81. He was a learned and upright man.
1807. Battle of Gutstadt, in which the French under Bonaparte defeated 10,000 Russian cavalry, and 15,000 infantry, taking 1,000 prisoners.
1809.Thomas Paine, a political writer of great force during the revolution, died, aged 72. His writings were deemed of so much service that the legislature of Pennsylvania voted him £500, and New York made him a grant of land. His life and conduct subsequently was extremely imprudent and reprehensible.
1809. Battle of Viga; the French, 8,000, under Ney, attacked 12,000 Spaniards under Carera, and were repulsed.
1810. Mequienza, in Arragon, surrendered to the French under Suchet. This terminated the fourth campaign in the north of Spain.
1811. Extraordinary agitation of the sea and earthquake at Cape Town.
1813. Americans under generalLewisbroke up their encampment by order of general Dearborn, and returned to Fort George. The British succeeded in dispersing the boats with the baggage belonging to his command, and captured 12 of them.
1832. The first case of cholera asphixia in America occurred on this day at Quebec.
1838.John Lusk, a soldier of the revolution, died, aged 104 years. He was born on Staten island, of Dutch parentage, and was a soldier in the regular service nearly 60 years. He died in Warren county, Tennessee, and was the last survivor of the old French war in Canada.
1842.Henry Brook Parnell, famed as a political writer and liberalist, died by his own hand.
1842.James Barbour, a distinguished American statesman, died in Orange co., Virginia.
1844.James Wadsworth, a distinguished and wealthy citizen of western New York, died at Geneseo.
1845.Andrew Jackson, an American general and statesman, died, aged 78. He was the seventh president of the United States.
1854.George H. Talcott, a captain of ordinance in the United States army, died at Indian springs, aged 43. He was a native of Maryland, and graduated at West-point in 1831.
1856.Henry Ware Wales, an American linguist, died at Paris, aged 37, bequeathing a large and valuable library to Harvard college.
1857.Douglas Jerrold, an English dramatist and journalist, died, aged 54. He was an extraordinary genius, and contributed to almost every department of literature.
587B. C.On the 9thThammug, an especial fast of the Jews was observed for the taking of Jerusalem under Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, on that day.
597.Columba, the founder of the famous monastry of Iona, or Icolmkill, in the Scottish Hebrides, died. This island was in that age the luminary of the Caledonian regions.
911.Leo VI(the philosopher), emperor of the east, died. He was a politic monarch, the patron of men of letters, and an excellent author himself.
1075.Henry IVdefeated the Saxons at Thuringia.
1099. The siege of Jerusalem opened by the first crusaders. Godfrey of Bouillon erected his standard on the first swell of mount Calvary; to the left as far as St. Stephen's gate the line of attack was continued by Tancred and the two Roberts, and count Raymond established his head quarters from the citadel to the fort of mount Sion.
1496.Columbusreturned to Spain from his second voyage.
1536. Dr.Heylinsays: On this day the clergy of London agreed upon the form of a petition to king Henry, for permission to the people to read the Bible.
1553. Battle of Sieverhausen in the Duchy of Lunenberg, in which Albert of Brandenburgh was defeated by the confederates. His camp equipage taken and 4,000 killed.
1586. Great earthquake in Lima.
1625. First child of white parents born in Brooklyn, New York.
1674. The English parliament prorogued on account of the differences between the lords and commons. It is said more than £200,000 was spent in bribing the commons.
1681.William Lilly, a famous English astrologer, died. He made quite a snug fortune out of the cavaliers and roundheads by predicting for both parties. The parliament under Cromwell gave him £100 a year for flattering their prospects, and he was complimented with a gold chain and medal by the king of Sweden. He also made a handsome business by his almanacs and other publications.
1696.Antoine Varilas, a French historian, died. His works were popular for a time, until they were discovered to be very inaccurate, and carelessly compiled.
1724.Benedict Pictet, a Swiss professor of theology at Geneva, died. He possessed great abilities and learning, and published several valuable works.
1758. The English effected a landing at Louisbourg.
1770. British settlers expelled from the Falkland islands by a large Spanish force. They were restored the following year, when the dispute was ended.
1775. Force of the American army assembled at Cambridge, 1,581 officers, 6,063 privates; total 7,644.
1776.John Ives, an eminent English antiquary, died, aged 25. He had accomplished much at his early age, but had published only three papers from his collection.
1779.William Kenrick, an English dramatist and miscellaneous writer, died. He was originally a mechanic, and became an author of great popularity and merit.
1790.Robert Robinson, a self-taught English preacher, died. He was an apprentice to a wig and curl maker, when Whitefield attracted his attention, and he became a methodist preacher. He soon after became a baptist, and preached that doctrine a number of years, and was extremely popular. He finally became a unitarian, and died at Birmingham while on a visit to Priestly, before he had time to shift his opinions to any thing else.
1795. The only son of the unfortunate kingLouis XVIdied in the Temple in his 12th year. The convention agreed to exchange his sister for the commissioners, betrayed by Dumourier to Austria.
1798. Battle of Arklow, in Ireland, between the United Irishmen and British. More than 20,000 of the insurgents, under father Murphy, advanced against the town, which was defended by only 1,600 men. The contest was continued with great obstinacy till nightfall, when the rebels retired. Father Murphy was killed by a cannon ball.
1798. An eruption of the peak of Teneriffe. It continued 4 months and 6 days, had 4 mouths, and projected rocks 3,000 feet.
1811. Second unsuccessful attack on fort San Christoval, Badajos, by the British under lord Wellington.
1814. United States brig Rattlesnake, lieut. Renshaw, captured and destroyed British brig John, laden with English goods.
1824.William Oxberry, the comedian, died by apoplexy, the consequence of over living. This was acting tragedy.
1825.Abraham Rees, the cyclopedist, died. He was born in Wales, and educated for a dissenting minister, and officiated as such more than 40 years. He published sermons, and contributed to theMonthly Review, but is best known as the editor of theCyclopedia, 47 vols, quarto.
1826.Jedediah Morsedied, aged 65; author of the geography so well known.
1829. Battle of Oriva, in Turkey; the Russians, under general Geismar, assaulted and took the town.
1834.William Carey, the devoted and pious missionary, died.
1836. Battle of Micanopy; about 200 Indians defeated by a detachment of United States troops under Heilman.
1839. War declared by the sultan of Turkey against Mehemet Ali of Egypt, and his son Ibrahim, deposing them from the government of Egypt and Syria.
1846. The water in lake Ontario had fallen 14 inches since the 24th March. (SeeAug. 21.)
1849.Charles Albert, ex-king of Sardinia, died on his arrival at Portugal, soon after his abdication.
1850.John Melcher, the oldest printer in N. H., died at Portsmouth, aged 90.
1853. FatherGavazzi, an emissary of the pope to America, caused a riot by his preaching at Montreal. A mob attacked him in the pulpit; the military fired upon the people, and 10 persons were killed and 16 wounded.
1854. The emperor and empress of France attended the first agricultural exhibition ever held in Paris.
312.Constantine(the Great) called the first council of Nice to determine on the Arian heresy.
1190.Frederick I(Barbarossa), emperor of Germany, died in Syria, in consequence of bathing imprudently in the Cydnus. He was frequently engaged in quarrels with the popes, but was at last persuaded to turn his arms against the Saracens. He marched a numerous army into Asia and was victorious over all that opposed him.
1429. Battle of Jargeau; the place was carried by storm by the French, who were lead on by Joan of Arc. On reaching the top of the wall she received a blow on the head, which precipitated her into the ditch. Being unable to rise, she continued to exhort her friends, assuring them that the Lord had delivered the English into their hands.
1530. The college of Bologna determined that the marriage law in the book of Leviticus, being a part of the law of nations, as well as of the law of Moses and of God, is binding on the whole Christian church, as well as infidels; and therefore, gave their decision against the legality of Henry's marriage with Catharine of Arragon.
1584. Two barks fitted out by Raleigh, under the command of Barlow and Amidas, arrived in the West Indies, upon a voyage of discovery. They returned to England about the middle of September, having taken possession of a new country, which so pleased the queen, Elizabeth, that she named it Virginia.
1593. Date of the Leghorn or Livorno indulto, by which merchants of all nations and of every religion were invited to settle in the town. Many Jews from Spain availed themselves of this privilege.
1604.Isabella Andreini, a famous Italian actress, died. She distinguished herself equally as a poetess, and possessed, with great personal beauty, wit and genius in a superior degree.
1610. The first Dutch emigrants to America landed at Manhattan, now New York.
1654.Alexandre Algardi, a Bolognese sculptor, died. He was employed to restore the garden of Sallust; many of his original pieces have been engraved.
1667. The Dutch fleet, commanded by de Ruyter, sailed up the river Medway, in England, as far as Chatham, and destroyed several men of war.
1692.Bridget Bishophanged at Salem, Mass., for witchcraft.
1692. An army of French and Indians made a furious attack on the garrison at Wells, in Maine, commanded by captain Wells, who, after a brave and resolute defence, drove them off with great loss.
1710. The German emigrants, who fled from the devastations committed in the palatinate of the Rhine, by Louis XIV, arrived in New York.
1719. Battle of Glenshields in Scotland, which ended the Spanish invasion.
1724. A party of volunteers at Oyster river, in New Hampshire, discovered an Indian ambush, which they attacked, killed one, and wounded two others, who made their escape, though pursued and tracked by their blood to a considerable distance. The slain Indian was a person of distinction, and wore a kind of coronet of scarlet-dyed fur, with an appendage of four small bells, by the sound of which the others might follow him through the thickets. His hair was remarkably soft and fine, and he had about him a devotional book and a muster-roll of 180 Indians. His scalp produced a bounty.
1726.Anthony Alsop, an English prelate and poet, died.
1735.Thomas Hearne, an English antiquary, died. He edited nearly forty works, some of them classics, but principally relative to ancient English history and antiquities.
1739. Grosvenor square centre house valued at £10,000, was raffled for and won by Mrs. Hunt, a grocer's wife in Piccadilly.
1761. Indian battle; the Cherokees defeated by the British under colonel Grant, and their town Etchoe utterly destroyed, together with their magazines and cornfields.
1768. Riot in Boston, headed by captain Malcom, on account of the seizure of the sloop Liberty, belonging to Mr. Hancock, by the commissioners of the king's customs.
1772. The Gaspee, an armed British schooner, having exacted some degrading terms of the American vessels entering the port of Providence, a body of the inhabitants boarded her, put the officers and crew ashore, and burnt the vessel with all her stores.
1792. Russians attacked a detachment of Poles, under general Judycki, between Mire and Swierza; but were defeated, with the loss of 500 dead on the field.
1798.Bonaparteattacked Valetta, in Malta, and in a sortie the Maltese lost the standard of their order.
1800. Battle of Montebello, in Italy, in which the Austrians were defeated, and compelled to retire to Voghera.
1801. The pasha of Tripoli declared war against the United States of America.
1806. The British house of lords resolved to abolish the slave trade.
1807. Battle of Heilsburg, in Prussia. The French, under Bonaparte, defeated the Russians, who fell back into theirentrenchments. About 4,000 Russians were taken prisoners. Roussel had his head carried off by a cannon ball, and Murat had two horses shot under him. The Russians retreated the next night.
1809. PopePius VIIexcommunicated Bonaparte.
1811. LordWellingtonraised the siege of Badajos. The French governor, Phillipon made a brave and noble defence.
1831.Francis Abbot, theHermit of Niagara Falls, drowned while bathing in the river. He was a native of England, of quaker parentage. He arrived at the falls in June, 1829, on foot, in a very singular costume, and after a week's residence became so fascinated with the place that he determined on fixing his abode on Goat island. He sought seclusion, and wished to erect a hut, but the proprietor not thinking proper to grant his request, he took a small room in the only house, where he was occasionally furnished with bread and milk by the family, but more generally providing, and always cooking his own food. In the second winter of his residence, the house changed tenants, at which he quitted the island and built himself a small cottage on the main shore, about thirty rods below the fall. He was a person of highly cultivated mind and manners, a master of languages, and deeply read in the arts and sciences, and performed on various musical instruments with great taste; his drawings were also very spirited. He had traveled over Europe, and parts of the East, and possessed great colloquial powers when inclined to be sociable. On entering his hut, his guitar, violin, flutes, music books and port folio were scattered round in profusion; but not a single written paper of any kind was found to throw the least light on this extraordinary character.