THE EXPOSITOR'S BIBLE.

Crown 8vo, cloth, price 7s. 6d. each vol.

First Series, 1887-8.

Colossians. By the Rev.A. Maclaren, D.D., D.Lit.

St. Mark. By the Right Rev. the Bishop of Derry.

Genesis. By Prof.Marcus Dods, D.D.

1 Samuel. By Prof.W. G. Blaikie, D.D.

2 Samuel. By the same Author.

Hebrews. By PrincipalT. C. Edwards, D.D.

Second Series, 1888-9.

Galatians. By Prof.G. G. Findlay, B.A., D.D.

The Pastoral Epistles. By the Rev.A. Plummer, D.D.

Isaiah I.-XXXIX. By Prof.G. A. Smith, D.D.Vol. I.

The Book of Revelation. By Prof.W. Milligan, D.D.

1 Corinthians. By Prof.Marcus Dods, D.D.

The Epistles of St. John. By the Most Rev. the Archbishop of Armagh.

Third Series, 1889-90.

Judges and Ruth. By the Rev.R. A. Watson, M.A., D.D.

Jeremiah. By the Rev.C. J. Ball, M.A.

IsaiahXL.-LXVI.

By Prof.G. A. Smith, D.D. Vol. II.

St. Matthew. By the Rev.J. Monro Gibson, D.D.

Exodus. By the Right Rev. the Bishop of Derry.

St. Luke. By the Rev.H. Burton, M.A.

Fourth Series, 1890-91.

Ecclesiastes. By the Rev.Samuel Cox, D.D.

St. James and St. Jude. By the Rev.A. Plummer, D.D.

Proverbs. By the Rev.R. F. Horton, D.D.

Leviticus. By the Rev.S. H. Kellogg, D.D.

The Gospel of St. John. By Prof.M. Dods, D.D. Vol. I.

The Acts of the Apostles. By Prof.Stokes, D.D. Vol. I.

Fifth Series, 1891-2.

The Psalms. By the Rev.A. Maclaren, D.D. Vol. I.

1 and 2 Thessalonians. By Prof.James Denney, D.D.

The Book of Job. By the Rev.R. A. Watson, M.A., D.D.

Ephesians. By Prof.G. G. Findlay, B.A., D.D.

The Gospel of St. John. By Prof.M. Dods, D.D. Vol. II.

The Acts of the Apostles. By Prof.Stokes, D.D. Vol. II.

Sixth Series, 1892-3.

1 Kings. By the Very Rev.F. W. Farrar, F.R.S.

Philippians. By PrincipalRainy, D.D.

Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther. By Prof.W. F. Adeney, M.A.

Joshua. By Prof.W. G. Blaikie, D.D.

The Psalms. By the Rev.A. Maclaren, D.D. Vol. II.

The Epistles of St. Peter. By Prof.Rawson Lumby, D.D.

Seventh Series, 1893-4.

2 Kings. By the Very Rev.F. W. Farrar, F.R.S.

Romans. By the Right Rev.H. C. G. Moule, D.D.

The Books of Chronicles. By Prof.W. H. Bennett, D.D., D.Lit.

2 Corinthians. By Prof.James Denney, D.D.

Numbers. By the Rev.R. A. Watson, M.A., D.D.

The Psalms. By the Rev.A. Maclaren, D.D. Vol. III.

Eighth Series, 1895-6.

Daniel. By the Very Rev.F. W. Farrar, F.R.S.

The Book of Jeremiah. By Prof.W. H. Bennett, D.D., D.Lit.

Deuteronomy. By Prof. Andrew Harper, B.D.

The Song of Solomon and Lamentations. By Prof.W. F. Adeney, M.A.

Ezekiel. By Prof.John Skinner, M.A.

The Books of the Twelve Prophets. By Prof.G. A. Smith, D.D.Two Vols.

W. ROBERTSON NICOLL, M.A., LL.D.,Editor of "The Expositor," etc.THE RECORD says:—

"Few series of volumes gives us so much pleasure to review as the 'Expositor's Bible.' We never open a volume without expecting to find in it much that is inspiriting and much that is suggestive, and we are never disappointed. We have no hesitation in advising any Clergyman who is thinking of expounding a book of Scripture to his congregation to procure, as one of his most valuable aids, the right volume of the 'Expositor's Bible.'"

Eighth and Final Series.SEVEN VOLUMES.In large crown 8vo, cloth. Subscription Price28s.Separate Vols.,7s.6d.each.

The Book of Daniel

By theVery Rev. F. W. FARRAR, D.D., F.R.S., Dean of Canterbury.

The Book of Ezekiel

By theRev. JOHN SKINNER, M.A., Professor of Old Testament Exegesis, Presbyterian College, London.

The Book of Jeremiah Chapters XXI.-LII.

By theRev. W. H. BENNETT, D.D., D.Lit., Professor of Old Testament Languages and Literature, Hackney and New Colleges.

The Book of Deuteronomy

By theRev. Professor ANDREW HARPER, B.D., Ormond College, Melbourne.

The Song of Solomon and the Lamentations of Jeremiah

By theRev. W. F. ADENEY, M.A., Professor of Exegesis, New College, London.

The Minor Prophets

By theRev. Professor GEORGE ADAM SMITH, D.D.Author of "The Book of Isaiah," "The Historical Geography of the Holy Land," etc. In Two Volumes.

London: HODDER & STOUGHTON, 27, Paternoster Row.

The Gospel of St. Mark

By theRight Rev. G. A. CHADWICK, D.D., Lord Bishop of Derry and Raphoe.

"The exposition is original, full of life, striking, and relevant. He has given us the fruit of much careful thought, and all students of the New Testament and preachers of the Gospel will be grateful to him. This is, in short, an unusually good book."—British Weekly.

The Epistles to the Colossians and Philemon

By theRev. ALEXANDER MACLAREN, D.D., D.Lit.

"In nothing Dr. Maclaren has written is there more of beauty, of spiritual insight, or of brilliant elucidation of Scripture. Indeed, Dr. Maclaren is here at his best."—Expositor.

"It contains a wealth of thought for preachers."—Rock.

"Dr. Maclaren's exposition is remarkable for vigour and common sense. It is strongly written, and arranged with scholarly thoroughness."—Academy.

The Book of Genesis

By theRev. Prof. MARCUS DODS, D.D.

"Every reader of cultured mind and delicate instinct will recognise with delight and admire the fine qualities of sympathetic insight, sensitive perception, ethical intuition, and religious tact."—The lateProf. W. G. Elmslie, M.A.

The First Book of Samuel

By theRev. Prof. W. G. BLAIKIE, D.D., LL.D.

"Remarkably interesting and helpful. Very seldom have we met with a religious work which we can more confidently recommend for its thoughtfulness, fidelity, and kindly spirit."—Leeds Mercury.

The Second Book of Samuel

By theRev. Prof. W. G. BLAIKIE, D.D., LL.D.

"There can be no doubt of the care and thoroughness with which Dr. Blaikie has executed his task. From his own point of view he has produced a solid and able piece of work."—Academy.

The Epistle to the Hebrews

By theRev. Principal T. C. EDWARDS, D.D., Author of "A Commentary on the First Epistle to the Corinthians."

"He has entered into the spirit and purport of what truly he calls 'one of the greatest and most difficult books of the New Testament' with a systematic thoroughness and fairness which cannot be too highly commended."—Academy.

"There is abundant evidence of accurate scholarship, acute criticism, patient thought, and faculty of lucid exposition. However thoroughly any one has studied the Epistle here explained, he will certainly find in Dr. Edwards's volume fresh suggestions."—Dr. Marcus Dods.

The Epistle to the Galatians

By theRev. Prof. G. G. FINDLAY, D.D., Headingley College, Leeds.

"In this volume we have the mature results of broad and accurate scholarship, exegetical tact, and a firm grasp of the great principles underlying the Gospel of Paul presented in a form so lucid and attractive that every thoughtful reader can enjoy it."—Professor Beet.

The Book of Isaiah Chapters I.-XXXIX.

By theRev. Prof. G. ADAM SMITH, M.A., D.D.

"This is a very attractive book. Mr. George Adam Smith has evidently such a mastery of the scholarship of his subject that it would be a sheer impertinence for most scholars, even though tolerable Hebraists, to criticise his translations; and certainly it is not the intention of the present reviewer to attempt anything of the kind, to do which he is absolutely incompetent. All we desire is to let English readers know how very lucid, impressive—and, indeed, how vivid—a study of Isaiah is within their reach; the fault of the book, if it has a fault, being rather that it finds too many points of connection between Isaiah and our modern world, than that it finds too few. In other words, no one can say that the book is not full of life."—Spectator.

The Pastoral Epistles

By theRev. ALFRED PLUMMER, D.D., Master of University College, Durham.

"An admirable sample of what popular theology ought to be."—Saturday Review.

"The treatment is throughout scholarlike, lucid, thoughtful."—Guardian.

The First Epistle to the Corinthians

By theRev. Prof. MARCUS DODS, D.D.

"A clear, close, unaffected, unostentatious exposition, not verse by verse, but thought after thought, of this most interesting perhaps, and certainly most various, of all the Apostle's writings."—London Quarterly Review.

The Epistles of St. John

By theMost Rev. W. ALEXANDER, D.D.; Lord Archbishop of Armagh.

"These commentaries are explicitly intended to help the preacher, and in Dr. Alexander's 'Discourses' they will find material ready shaped to their hand—not facts only, but imagery, references, and allusions, none of them cheap or commonplace, and some of them felicitous in a high degree."—Guardian.

The Revelation of St. John

By theRev. Prof. W. MILLIGAN, D.D., of the University of Aberdeen.

"Lucid, scholarly."—Academy.

"The style is admirably lucid, expressive, and withal stately. The task of the reader could not possibly be easier, and in the case of such an abstruse theme the result is no small feat of intellectual and literary ingenuity."—Aberdeen Free Press.

Judges and Ruth

By theRev. R. A. WATSON, D.D.

"This volume deals chiefly with a book considered by some one of the most difficult of expositions from a Christian point of view. While feeling this to be the case, the writer is able to deduce valuable instruction from the history by the only legitimate mode, that of remembering that the character and laws of God are essentially unchangeable, though the amount of their revelation must vary with the capacity of those who receive it.... The moralisings on the Book of Ruth are also most excellent, and just what are adapted to present circumstances."—Spectator.

The Prophecies of Jeremiah

With a Sketch of his Life and Times.

By theRev. C. J. BALL, M.A., Chaplain of Lincoln's Inn.

"Mr. Ball brings competent knowledge to his task.... A useful running commentary."—Saturday Review.

"It consists of an interesting and sympathetic delineation of the prophet's life and character, of a new translation, and of expository remarks, which are partly critical and partly homiletic. The critical portion will be prized most, as it exhibits deep learning, breadth of view, and clear insight into the prophet's meaning."—Manchester Examiner.

The Book of Exodus

By theRight Rev. G. A. CHADWICK, D.D., Lord Bishop of Derry and Raphoe.

"Marked by sound exegesis, common sense, and a devotional spirit."—Record.

"Every part of the book is replete with instruction and interest, and a unity of thought and purpose pervades it all."—Glasgow Herald.

The Gospel of St. Matthew

By theRev. J. MONRO GIBSON, D.D., Author of "The Ages before Moses," etc.

"A careful exposition in which one important part is not slightly dealt with while disproportionate space is given to another, but by studied economy of labour and space due care and labour are given to every part. The exposition is sober, reverent, and systematic; it is also enlightened and well informed."—London Quarterly Review.

The Gospel of St. Luke

By theRev. HENRY BURTON, M.A.

"Full of vivid illustration and fresh, bright exposition."—Record.

"In the unfolding of truth Mr. Burton writes as a poet. There is glow and colour and melody in his descriptions. Often there are passages of great beauty."—Methodist Recorder.

The Book of Isaiah Chapters XL. to LXVI.

By theRev. Prof. G. ADAM SMITH, M.A., D.D.

"A work of no ordinary merit; indeed, it is but rare that such exegetical power and mature scholarship are united with an ease of style and a fertility of modern illustration that leave but little to desire."—Speaker.

The Gospel of St. John. Vol. I.

By theRev. Prof. MARCUS DODS, D.D.

"Dr. Dods' exposition, besides being characterised by all the literary grace by which his previous works are distinguished, is also thoroughly evangelical in tone, without, however, being at all narrow; while the arguments which this portion of Scripture so powerfully suggests in proof of the divinity of Christ are handled in such a way as will carry them home to all who accept the narrative as authentic."—Scotsman.

The Acts of the Apostles. Vol. I.

By theRev. Prof. G. T. STOKES, D.D.

"One of the most valuable contributions to the history of the Primitive Church that have appeared within recent years."—Dundee Advertiser.

The Book of Leviticus

By theRev. S. H. KELLOGG, D.D.

"The relation of law and gospel is grandly exhibited, and a difficult portion of Holy Writ explained in detail and with power."—Christian.

"He has certainly succeeded in investing with fresh interest this old book of laws."—Scotsman.

The Book of Proverbs

By theRev. R. F. HORTON, M.A., D.D.

"Ably and freshly written."—Church Times.

"A book which may be read by all with pleasure and profit, and which, by ministers of all orders, may be taken as a model of one kind of expository teaching."—Christian World.

"The expositor has done his work in a most masterly fashion."—Glasgow Herald.

The Epistles of St. James and St. Jude

By theRev. A. PLUMMER, D.D., Master of University College, Durham.

"It is even a better piece of work than his former volume on the Pastoral Epistles. It contains everything that the student can desire by way of introduction to the two Epistles, while for those who read with an eye to the manufacture of sermons, or for their own edification, the doctrinal and moral lessons are developed in a style redolent of books, yet singularly easy and unaffected. Points of interest abound."—Saturday Review.

"A very able and interesting exposition.... An excellent example of Scriptural exegesis."—Academy.

The Book of Ecclesiastes With a New Translation.

By theRev. SAMUEL COX, D.D.

"The most luminous, original, and practical exposition of Ecclesiastes which is within the reach of ordinary English readers."—Speaker.

"Dr. Cox's work is likely to count as one of the most interesting of the many interesting studies of which Ecclesiastes has been the basis."—Guardian.

The Epistles to the Thessalonians

By theRev. Prof. JAMES DENNEY. D.D.

"As an expositor we are able to say that Mr. Denney seems to have entered very fully into the spirit of the Apostle Paul, and to have succeeded in expressing very clearly, and impressing very forcibly, the general meaning of the Apostle's words.... It is a very ably written work, and one which is well calculated to make the Apostle's teaching in these two epistles more intelligible and more telling."—Scotsman.

The Book of Job

By theRev. R. A. WATSON, D.D., Author of "Gospels of Yesterday," etc.

"Dr. Watson does not fall behind his predecessors in doing justice to this magnificent effort of Hebrew genius or inspiration. The opening scene on earth and the opening scene in heaven are brought before us with graphic power, and the problem raised by the situation of Job by the unmerited suffering of the good man stated and discussed with much force and philosophical insight. Dr. Watson has written with conspicuous ability and a thorough mastery of his subject."—Scotsman.

The Gospel of St. John. Vol. II.

ByProf. MARCUS DODS, D.D.

"Dr. Dods appears to us always to write with clearness and vigour.... He has the gift of lucid expression, and by means of apt illustrations he avoids the cardinal sin of dryness, so that the interest even of the general reader will not flag as he smoothly glides through these chapters."—Guardian.

The Epistle to the Ephesians

By theRev. Prof. G. G. FINDLAY, B.A. D.D.

"Every page shows that he has made a minute and careful examination of the text, while in every chapter there are inferences drawn and suggestions thrown out which will find their way into many sermons. They who know this Epistle best will be the first to acknowledge the value of Prof. Findlay's exposition."—Expositor.

The Acts of the Apostles. Vol. II.

By theRev. Prof. G. T. Stokes, D.D.

"The second volume is as readable as the first, full of learning without a spice of pedantry.... The volume is highly to be commended for knowledge, sobriety, and manly piety."—Saturday Review.

The Psalms. Vol. I.

By theRev. ALEXANDER MACLAREN, D.D., D.Lit.

"Dr. Maclaren has evidently mastered his subject with the aid of the best authorities, and has put the results of his studies before his readers in a most attractive form; and if we add that his commentary really helps to the better understanding of the Psalms, that, far from degrading, it vivifies and illuminates these sublime stories, and that it is written in a charming style, very seldom falling below the dignity of the subject, we believe we only give it the praise which is its due."—Scotsman.

The Epistle to the Philippians

By theRev. Principal RAINY, D.D.

"A piece of good and thorough work, the work of a sound and well-read expositor, and especially of an orthodox Scotch divine."—London Quarterly Review.

The First Book of Kings

By theVery Rev. F. W. FARRAR, D.D. F.R.S., Dean of Canterbury.

"Dr. Farrar brings his versatile literary powers to bear upon these majestic and imposing scenes, with all his gifts of poetic description, his wealth of quotations, and his aptitude for picturesque comparisons."—Guardian.

Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther

By theRev. Prof. W. F. ADENEY, M.A.

"Mr. Adeney has evidently grasped the whole story with clearness and force: his portraits are lifelike; he has all the instinct of the expositor in high development. It is no small triumph to have done so well with one of the least pictorial and fascinating of Old Testament histories."—Independent.

The Book of Joshua

By theRev. Prof. W. G. BLAIKIE, D.D., LL.D.

"We have no hesitation in saying that for every-day working purposes expositors of the Book of Joshua will find this volume more helpful than many more critical and modernised works.... His expositions are usually fresh and interesting, and there is an eye for the practical in all he writes."—Glasgow Herald.

The Psalms. Vol. II.

By theRev. ALEXANDER MACLAREN, D.D., D.Lit.

"The volume is as attractive as the first, and shows throughout the same high qualities of penetration and spiritual sympathy. Its pages give abundant evidence of care, critical study, and acquaintance with the best that our most competent scholars have contributed to the exposition of the Psalms."—Critical Review.

The Epistles of Peter

By theRev. Prof. LUMBY, D.D., Cambridge.

"A sound and finely practical commentary."—Saturday Review.

"We have been impressed by the carefulness, fulness, and almost minuteness of the expositions which Dr. Lumby gives in this volume."—Literary World.

The Epistle to the Romans

By theRight Rev. HANDLEY C. G. MOULE, M.A., D.D., Lord Bishop of Durham.

"We do not hesitate to place it in the very front of the little group of volumes which are the best examples of this carefully edited work. It would be pleasant to linger upon this commentary, upon the clearness with which the great evangelical doctrines of the Epistle are explained and enforced, upon the earnestness of its personal appeal, and the charm which often marks its language; but the judicious student of the New Testament will obtain the book for himself."—Record.

The Second Book of Kings

By theVery Rev. F. W. FARRAR, D.D. F.R.S., Dean of Canterbury.

"For a vivid picture of men and times, and a spirited account of the events which led to Israel's and Judah's downfall, with fine illustrative use of the contemporary writings of the prophets, his book is a distinct accession to the series."—Glasgow Herald.

The Books of Chronicles

By theRev. W. H. BENNETT, D.D., Professor of Old Testament Languages and Literature, Hackney and New Colleges.

"Readers of Mr. Bennett's contribution to 'Faith and Criticism' might expect that a book written wholly by him would be distinctive and original. But few could have foreseen that he would produce anything so illuminating, so broad, so powerful as this volume."—Daily Chronicle.

The Second Epistle to the Corinthians

By theRev. Prof. JAMES DENNEY, D.D., Author of "The Epistles to the Thessalonians," etc.

"Mr. Denney's commentary is a masterly one in every respect. Its exegesis of the text is exact and thorough; its use of the best expositors most helpful; its final conclusion generally convincing."—Methodist Times.

The Book of Numbers

By theRev. R. A. WATSON, D.D., Author of "Judges and Ruth," etc.

"Dr. Watson's exposition may be commended as showing considerable insight into the deeper meanings of Scripture, and skill in applying them to the needs and conditions of modern life; ... his book is throughout scholarly in tone and earnestly written."—Scotsman.

The Psalms. Vol. III.

By theRev. ALEXANDER MACLAREN, D.D., D.Lit.

"With the exposition of the whole Psalter before us, we may say that for what it professes to be, the work is very well done, and there has been no falling off in the third volume from such an amount of excellence as was attained in the other two."—Guardian.

London: HODDER & STOUGHTON, 27, Paternoster Row.

FOOTNOTES:[1]Hebrews, I. 1.[2]The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia, p. 258.[3]As represented for instance by the earlier editions of Dr. Angus's Bible Handbook, or by Keil's O. T. Introduction.[4]As represented by Driver's Introduction.[5]The belief in a dim, shadowy existence in Sheol, the Semitic Hades; and the belief in exact retribution for sin and reward for virtue in the present life.[6]Religion of Egyptians, etc., p. 296.[7]T. & T. Clark, Edinburgh. Four Volumes, with a fifth supplementary volume.[8]A. & C. Black. Four Volumes.[9]The Study of Religion, p. 51.[10]That of the "Vatican MS.," with its lacunæ supplied from the uncial MS. which occupies the next place in point of age and importance.[11]T. & T. Clark.Judgesby Prof. G. F. Moore,Samuelby Prof. H. P. Smith, etc., etc., only four or five O. T. volumes published as yet.[12]Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, Göttingen.Jobby Prof. Budde,Psalmsby Prof. Baethgen,Ezra, etc., etc., by Prof. Siegfried, etc.[13]J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Freiburg, i. B.Genesisby Holzinger,Ezekielby Bertholet,Proverbsby Wildeboer, etc., etc.[14]Oskar Beck, Munich, Orelli onIsaiahandJeremiah, etc., etc.[15]Genesisby C. J. Ball;Numbersby Prof. J. A. Paterson (Edinburgh), etc., etc.[16]Edited by J. Estlin Carpenter and G. Harford Battersby.[17]For other examples of the analysis of the main documents into earlier works, see Gunkel'sGenesis, the PolychromeGenesis,Joshua, and Prof. H. G. Mitchell'sWorld Before Abraham, etc., etc.[18]See the PolychromeJudgesandSamuel.[19]German.[20]E. g., Cheyne.[21]Duhm.[22]Mainly by Budde, in theNew World, 1894.[23]Biblical Introduction, Bennett and Adeney, p. 169.[24]For instance, in English or translated into English, Histories of Israel by Cornill, Kittel, and Wellhausen, Prof. J. F. McCurdy'sHistory, Prophecy, and the Monuments, etc. O. T. Theologies by Piepenbring, Duff, etc.; and in German Smend's Textbook of the History of O. T. Religion, and the latest edition of Marti's revision of Kayser's O. T. Theology; G. A. Smith'sHistorical Geography of the Holy Land.[25]Cf. above, p. 19.[26]E. g., Steuernagel in his Immigration of the Israelites into Palestine.[27]Only mentioned I Samuel xxvii. 10, xxx. 29 and I Chron. ii. 9-42.[28]See Cheyne'sCritica Biblica, and his articles in theEncyclopædia Biblica.[29]See discussion in G. A. Smith'sBook of the Twelve Prophets(Expositor's Bible).[30]See Sellin,Serubbabel, etc.[31]Especially Psalms XLIV, LXXIV, and LXXIX.[32]Dr. H. E. Ryle, in hisEarly Narratives of Genesis, published when he was Hulsean Professor of Divinity at Cambridge, p. IX.[33]Modern Criticism and the Preaching of the Old Testament, p. 11.[34]See Tischendorf,Novum Testamentum Græce, 8th edit.[35]See Hort,Introduction to Westcott and Hort's N.T.[36]See Blass,Philology of the Gospels; Nestlè,Textual Criticism of the Greek Testament; Kenyon,Handbook to the Textual Criticism of the New Testament.[37]See especially Weymouth,The New Testament in Modern English; Moffatt,The Historical New Testament;The Twentieth Century New Testament.[38]SeeEncyclopædia Biblica; also Cheyne,Bible Problems.[39]Hastings'Dictionary of the Bible.[40]TheEncyclopædia Biblica.[41]See Pfleiderer,Urchristentum, First Edition (1887).[42]It is interesting to observe that, as Eusebius informs us, Papias's commentary on theLogia, or "Oracles of the Lord," was composed in five books. These might correspond to the five sections of the teachings of Jesus in ourMatthew.[43]Especially HipollytusThe Refutation of All Heresies, and Tatian'sDiatessaron.[44]E. g., Harnach, McGiffert.[45]Wendt.[46]See Lechler,Apostolic and Post-Apostolic Times.[47]See Ramsay,St. Paul the Traveller and the Roman citizen.[48]By Von Soden and Jülicher, although some interpolations are allowed. Even Pfleiderer admitted that it contained fragments of St. Paul's genuine writings, after Hilgenfeld had followed his leader Baur in rejecting it altogether. Lightfoot, T. K. Abbott, Zahn, and Sanday all defend its claims.[49]Not by Davidson, however, nor more recently by Bacon or Moffatt. Dr. Horton (Century Bible) balances the argumentsproandconand refuses to decide either way.[50]This is Harnach's view. On the other hand so independent a scholar and drastic a critic as Mr. Conybeare told the present writer that he had no doubt of their genuineness.[51]Especially by Menégoz, Bruce, and Milligan.[52]Still it is vindicated by Dr. Bigg,International Commentary.[53]J. B. Mayor,The Epistle of St. James.[54]E. g., Pfleiderer, Holtzmann, Jülicher, Harnach, the last regarding it as a collection of sermon notes put together by some unknown James in the second century. But are not its very archaic features against this view?[55]As expounded by Gunkel, Bousset, and Charles.[56]E. g., Grim-Thayer,Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, and Grammars of New Testament Greek by Winer, Schmiedel and by Blass.[57]See Deissmann,Bible Studies; Dalman,The Words of Jesus.[58]On the whole the best English and American series of commentaries is that known as theInternational Critical Commentary; the most recent work of smaller dimensions isThe Century Bible.[59]E. g., Ramsay on Galatians, Wellhausen on theSynoptic Gospels, the Abbé Loisy onSt. John.[60]See especially Schürer,The Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ; Edersheim,Jesus the Messiah; Bousset,Die Religion Des Judentums; Volz,Judische Eschatolagie.[61]See Mommsen,Provinces of the Roman Empire; Ramsay,The Church in the Roman Empire, &c.[62]E. g., Geikie, Farrar, Edersheim, Stalker, Didon, &c., in popular works; Keim, Weiss, Sanday (Dictionary of the Bible), Bruce (Encyclopædia Biblica), Oscar Holtzmann, &c., in critical studies.[63]SeeThe Christian EcclesiaandJudaistic Christianity.[64]SeeApostolic Times.[65]Christianity in the Apostolic Age.[66]The Apostolic Age.[67]See especially works on this subject by Weiss, Stevens, Beyschlag, Bovon (French), Holtzmann (German); Wernle,Beginnings of Christianity.[68]See Wendt, Horton, onThe Teachings of Jesus; John Watson,The Mind of the Master; Bruce,The Kingdom of God, andThe Training of the Twelve.[69]See Driver, Hastings'Dictionary of the Bible, article, "Son of Man."[70]See Charles,Jewish and Christian Eschatology; and for the latter view, Muirhead,The Eschatology of Jesus.[71]Paulinism.[72]Saint Paul.[73]See Stevens on this subject, and the teachings of St. James.

[1]Hebrews, I. 1.

[2]The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia, p. 258.

[3]As represented for instance by the earlier editions of Dr. Angus's Bible Handbook, or by Keil's O. T. Introduction.

[4]As represented by Driver's Introduction.

[5]The belief in a dim, shadowy existence in Sheol, the Semitic Hades; and the belief in exact retribution for sin and reward for virtue in the present life.

[6]Religion of Egyptians, etc., p. 296.

[7]T. & T. Clark, Edinburgh. Four Volumes, with a fifth supplementary volume.

[8]A. & C. Black. Four Volumes.

[9]The Study of Religion, p. 51.

[10]That of the "Vatican MS.," with its lacunæ supplied from the uncial MS. which occupies the next place in point of age and importance.

[11]T. & T. Clark.Judgesby Prof. G. F. Moore,Samuelby Prof. H. P. Smith, etc., etc., only four or five O. T. volumes published as yet.

[12]Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, Göttingen.Jobby Prof. Budde,Psalmsby Prof. Baethgen,Ezra, etc., etc., by Prof. Siegfried, etc.

[13]J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Freiburg, i. B.Genesisby Holzinger,Ezekielby Bertholet,Proverbsby Wildeboer, etc., etc.

[14]Oskar Beck, Munich, Orelli onIsaiahandJeremiah, etc., etc.

[15]Genesisby C. J. Ball;Numbersby Prof. J. A. Paterson (Edinburgh), etc., etc.

[16]Edited by J. Estlin Carpenter and G. Harford Battersby.

[17]For other examples of the analysis of the main documents into earlier works, see Gunkel'sGenesis, the PolychromeGenesis,Joshua, and Prof. H. G. Mitchell'sWorld Before Abraham, etc., etc.

[18]See the PolychromeJudgesandSamuel.

[19]German.

[20]E. g., Cheyne.

[21]Duhm.

[22]Mainly by Budde, in theNew World, 1894.

[23]Biblical Introduction, Bennett and Adeney, p. 169.

[24]For instance, in English or translated into English, Histories of Israel by Cornill, Kittel, and Wellhausen, Prof. J. F. McCurdy'sHistory, Prophecy, and the Monuments, etc. O. T. Theologies by Piepenbring, Duff, etc.; and in German Smend's Textbook of the History of O. T. Religion, and the latest edition of Marti's revision of Kayser's O. T. Theology; G. A. Smith'sHistorical Geography of the Holy Land.

[25]Cf. above, p. 19.

[26]E. g., Steuernagel in his Immigration of the Israelites into Palestine.

[27]Only mentioned I Samuel xxvii. 10, xxx. 29 and I Chron. ii. 9-42.

[28]See Cheyne'sCritica Biblica, and his articles in theEncyclopædia Biblica.

[29]See discussion in G. A. Smith'sBook of the Twelve Prophets(Expositor's Bible).

[30]See Sellin,Serubbabel, etc.

[31]Especially Psalms XLIV, LXXIV, and LXXIX.

[32]Dr. H. E. Ryle, in hisEarly Narratives of Genesis, published when he was Hulsean Professor of Divinity at Cambridge, p. IX.

[33]Modern Criticism and the Preaching of the Old Testament, p. 11.

[34]See Tischendorf,Novum Testamentum Græce, 8th edit.

[35]See Hort,Introduction to Westcott and Hort's N.T.

[36]See Blass,Philology of the Gospels; Nestlè,Textual Criticism of the Greek Testament; Kenyon,Handbook to the Textual Criticism of the New Testament.

[37]See especially Weymouth,The New Testament in Modern English; Moffatt,The Historical New Testament;The Twentieth Century New Testament.

[38]SeeEncyclopædia Biblica; also Cheyne,Bible Problems.

[39]Hastings'Dictionary of the Bible.

[40]TheEncyclopædia Biblica.

[41]See Pfleiderer,Urchristentum, First Edition (1887).

[42]It is interesting to observe that, as Eusebius informs us, Papias's commentary on theLogia, or "Oracles of the Lord," was composed in five books. These might correspond to the five sections of the teachings of Jesus in ourMatthew.

[43]Especially HipollytusThe Refutation of All Heresies, and Tatian'sDiatessaron.

[44]E. g., Harnach, McGiffert.

[45]Wendt.

[46]See Lechler,Apostolic and Post-Apostolic Times.

[47]See Ramsay,St. Paul the Traveller and the Roman citizen.

[48]By Von Soden and Jülicher, although some interpolations are allowed. Even Pfleiderer admitted that it contained fragments of St. Paul's genuine writings, after Hilgenfeld had followed his leader Baur in rejecting it altogether. Lightfoot, T. K. Abbott, Zahn, and Sanday all defend its claims.

[49]Not by Davidson, however, nor more recently by Bacon or Moffatt. Dr. Horton (Century Bible) balances the argumentsproandconand refuses to decide either way.

[50]This is Harnach's view. On the other hand so independent a scholar and drastic a critic as Mr. Conybeare told the present writer that he had no doubt of their genuineness.

[51]Especially by Menégoz, Bruce, and Milligan.

[52]Still it is vindicated by Dr. Bigg,International Commentary.

[53]J. B. Mayor,The Epistle of St. James.

[54]E. g., Pfleiderer, Holtzmann, Jülicher, Harnach, the last regarding it as a collection of sermon notes put together by some unknown James in the second century. But are not its very archaic features against this view?

[55]As expounded by Gunkel, Bousset, and Charles.

[56]E. g., Grim-Thayer,Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, and Grammars of New Testament Greek by Winer, Schmiedel and by Blass.

[57]See Deissmann,Bible Studies; Dalman,The Words of Jesus.

[58]On the whole the best English and American series of commentaries is that known as theInternational Critical Commentary; the most recent work of smaller dimensions isThe Century Bible.

[59]E. g., Ramsay on Galatians, Wellhausen on theSynoptic Gospels, the Abbé Loisy onSt. John.

[60]See especially Schürer,The Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ; Edersheim,Jesus the Messiah; Bousset,Die Religion Des Judentums; Volz,Judische Eschatolagie.

[61]See Mommsen,Provinces of the Roman Empire; Ramsay,The Church in the Roman Empire, &c.

[62]E. g., Geikie, Farrar, Edersheim, Stalker, Didon, &c., in popular works; Keim, Weiss, Sanday (Dictionary of the Bible), Bruce (Encyclopædia Biblica), Oscar Holtzmann, &c., in critical studies.

[63]SeeThe Christian EcclesiaandJudaistic Christianity.

[64]SeeApostolic Times.

[65]Christianity in the Apostolic Age.

[66]The Apostolic Age.

[67]See especially works on this subject by Weiss, Stevens, Beyschlag, Bovon (French), Holtzmann (German); Wernle,Beginnings of Christianity.

[68]See Wendt, Horton, onThe Teachings of Jesus; John Watson,The Mind of the Master; Bruce,The Kingdom of God, andThe Training of the Twelve.

[69]See Driver, Hastings'Dictionary of the Bible, article, "Son of Man."

[70]See Charles,Jewish and Christian Eschatology; and for the latter view, Muirhead,The Eschatology of Jesus.

[71]Paulinism.

[72]Saint Paul.

[73]See Stevens on this subject, and the teachings of St. James.

Back to Index Next