PITMAN’S COMMON COMMODITIESAND INDUSTRIESTHEFISHING INDUSTRYBYW. E. GIBBS, D.Sc.printers markLONDONSIR ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, LTD.PARKER STREET, KINGSWAY, W.C.2BATH, MELBOURNE, TORONTO, NEW YORK1922
PITMAN’S COMMON COMMODITIESAND INDUSTRIES
printers mark
LONDONSIR ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, LTD.PARKER STREET, KINGSWAY, W.C.2BATH, MELBOURNE, TORONTO, NEW YORK1922
Printed bySir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd.Bath, England
Inthis little book I have tried to describe concisely, yet clearly and comprehensively, the great work of our sea fisheries. It is notoriously difficult to write a small book on a large subject, and I expect there are many who will detect sins of omission.
The book is chiefly concerned with fisheries for edible fish. I have included a chapter on whale fisheries, since whale oil is now used largely in the manufacture of such food substances as lard substitute and margarine. No account of seal “fishing” is included, as seals are not fished but are generally hunted on shore. I have not included fisheries for pearls, sponges or seaweed. To its cost the nation knows little of the methods and organization and achievements of the Fishing Industry. I sincerely hope that this little book may do something to stimulate a wider and deeper interest in this vitally important British industry.
My cordial thanks are due to Mr. J. A. Robertson, O.B.E., of Fleetwood, and to Mr. W. T. Sinderson, of Grimsby, who have very kindly read through the manuscript and given me the benefit of their valuable experience and advice.
I am indebted to Prof. James Johnstone, of Liverpool University, for much of the information contained in Chapters I and II, and also for permission to use the illustrations on pages 17 and 29.
For other illustrations I make grateful acknowledgement as follows: for Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 17 and 19, fromThe Sea Fisheries, to the author, Dr. J. TravisJenkins, and the publishers, Messrs. Constable; for the frontispiece and No 18, to the Grimsby Coal, Salt and Tanning Co; for Nos. 11, 14 and 20 to Mr. Walter Wood, of the Mission to Deep Sea Fishermen.
Mr. R. A. Fleming, of Liverpool University, very kindly copied Nos. 2, 3, 4 and 5 for me from Day’sBritish Fishes.
Chapter V is based upon Bitting’s monograph on “the preparation of the cod and other salt fish for the market.” (U.S. Dept. Agric. Bur. of Chem. Bull. No. 133).
W. E. G.
Runcorn, 1922.
CHAP.PAGEPREFACEVI.INTRODUCTION1II.CHARACTERISTICS AND HABITS OF FISHES16III.METHODS OF FISHING42IV.THE HERRING FISHING INDUSTRY54V.THE NEWFOUNDLAND COD FISHERY69VI.TRAWL FISHERIES77VII.SHELLFISH90VIII.FISHERIES FOR WHALES99IX.THE CURING AND PRESERVATION OF FISH107X.THE FOOD VALUE OF FISH115XI.FISH PRODUCTS124INDEX133
FIG.PAGEHAULING THE TRAWLFrontispiece1.METAMORPHOSIS OF PLAICE172.COD203.LEMON SOLE234.SKATE235.HERRING266.PLANKTON297.HERRING EGGS338.PLANKTON CONTAINING FISH EGGS339.TRAWLING (circa1750)4510.DRIFTING (circa1750)4911.SINGLE-BOATER AT FOLKESTONE5112.HERRING DRIFTER5713.CURING YARD (YARMOUTH)5914.SCOTTISH FISHER GIRLS6115.SECTION OF MODERN TRAWLER7916.PLANS OF MODERN TRAWLER8217.THE OTTER TRAWL8518.THE CATCH ABOARD8719.CHART OF TRAWLING GROUNDSbetween pp.88 and 8920.A WHALE’S MOUTH101