established English college at Rome,134;their education of English youths,134,139;Semper eademthe motto of,138;sent to England from French seminaries,140;Campion and Parson sent to England from Rome,140;first important mission of, was to East Indies,153;King of Portugal sent the first of, to South America,170;established monarchical government in Paraguay,171,173;theReductions, or Jesuit State, established in Paraguay by,174;their conflict with Portuguese Government in Paraguay,178;suppressed in Paraguay by Pombal,181-194;became Brahmins in India,196;worshiped Confucius in China,197,206-209;converts of, in India,202;baptisms of, in India,203;society of, suppressed by Clement XIV,216,227,231,238,241,253,254,394,429,441,465,493;banished from Portugal,218,291;denounced by French Parliament,219;expelled from European countries,221-222,393;resist the brief of suppression,239,257;in Russia,239,242-247,254;re-enter Parma and Sicily,245;expelled from St. Petersburg and Moscow,246;re-established by Pius VII,236,247,249,250,252,253,259,427;property of, in Rome restored to them,259;reintroduction of, into Spain,260;again driven out of Spain,262;opposed in Germany,263;surreptitiously enter France,264;demanded control of educational institutions in France,273;welcomed at Austrian court,285;influence of, over Pius IX,310,327;instrumental in procuring decree of infallibility,321;interpretation of infallibility by,354;condemned United States institutions as heretical,420;threaten their public-school system,421;order of, and not the Church, benefited by pope's policy,393;duty of educators assigned to, by Leo XIII,394,422;theory of, maintained by Leo XIII,390;decree of infallibility, greatest triumph of, since their restoration,428;the Church of less consequence to, than the society,436;seeking to control common schools,440;find their faith in bulls of Gregory VII, Innocent III, and Boniface VIII,482;the constitution of, exposed by French Government,49-50,194,218.Julius III, Pope, authorized Loyola to establish German college in Rome,121,422;had common interest with Charles V in union of Church and State,468;formed alliance with Jesuits,468.John III, of Portugal, his colonizations in South America,168;sent the first Jesuits to South America,170.John XXII, Pope, canonized Thomas Aquinas in 1323,408.John XXIII, Pope, deposed by Council of Constance,476.L.Lateran Council, decrees of, dictated by Innocent III,480.Laynez, accompanied Loyola to Rome,44;successor to Loyola,102,107-108;at the Council of Poissy,102;went to Council of Trent as legate of the pope,108,469-478;remonstrated against erection of Protestant places of worship in France,111;announced the doctrine of infallibility in Council of Trent,470,471,472-475;perverted the Scriptures,473, and notes, pages474,475.Lefevre, accompanied Loyola to Rome,44.Leo, XII, Pope,271;demanded clergy of France be made independent of government,272;his demand condemned by Louis XVIII,272;anathematized Protestantism,272;death of,274.Leo XIII, Pope, election of,333,336;possesses high intellectual qualities and Christian character,334,345,366;his education and training Jesuitical,336,346,349,354,383;his first encyclical reasserts temporal power,337-345;instructions of, to priests and laymen,343;recommends teachings of Thomas Aquinas,343,407,408,410,412,415,418;hostile to public schools,343,358,391;condemns civil marriage,344,358;commands obedience to superiors,344;appointed Cardinal Nina his Secretary of State,344;condemns separation of Church and State,344;theories of, expounded by his biographer,347-365;rebuked the Catholic press,352;censorship of the press by, intended to be universal,353;letter of, to Archbishop of Cologne, concerning German affairs,355;his views when Cardinal (see Pecci); arguments of, upon temporal power,370,372;condemns form of government in Italy,378;defined universal faith to be absolute sovereignty of pope,379;alarmed by liberal Catholicism,388;assigns to Jesuits the duty of educators,394,422;seeking to create a politico-religious party in United States,396;sent Mgr. Satolli to United States,396;approves decision of Satolli upon school question, in encyclical to Cardinal Gibbons,398;conditions of, attached to approval of Satolli's decision,399;approves decrees of Baltimore Councils,399,401;demands that Catholic schools must be promoted,401,402;doctrines of, in sympathy with Jesuit theory,390;maintains the government has no rightful jurisdiction over Church,415;striving for temporal power,427;addressed as "Christ on earth" by Catholic writer,457.Lorraine, Cardinal of, established the Inquisition in France,94;established Jesuit seminary at Rheims,140.Louis Philippe,276;requested by Gregory XVI to send army to Italy,284;declined request of Gregory XVI,284.Louis XV, convened Synod of the clergy,220;annulled decree of Parliament against Jesuits,221.Louis XVI, aided by Pius VI,441.Louis XVIII, invaded Spain,262;refused to allow Jesuits to openly enter France,264;agreed to concordat of Pius VII,265.Loyola, Ignatius, founder of the society of Jesuits,32,49;claimed equality with God,32,40,51,55,57,58,59,70,71,72,97;represented as possessing miraculous powers,32,155,164;his life written by Rabadenira,32;the suppression of the Reformation and extirpation of Protestantism his avowed purpose,33,93,469;his shrewdness,34,50,71,72;defended by Daurignac,35,37;his argument to Paul III,36;attacked the Church in Germany,36;the ambition of,37-38,67;his society not necessary to Christian faith,39;started as missionary to Holy Land,41,43;duplicity of,42;his expedition to Palestine a failure,43;asked the pope to approve his society,43;named his order "The Society of Jesus,"44;his society approved by Paul III,48;neither a theologian nor learned,50;worshiped as a saint,63,490;Melchior Cano's opinion of,75;triumph of, at Toledo, Spain,85;opposition to in France,89;established German college in Rome,121,422.M.Madison, President, advised education of youth in science of government,15,493.Magna Charta, of England, declared null and void by Innocent III,359.Maigrot, Bishop of Conon, forbade idolatrous ceremonies of Jesuits,212.Martin V, Pope, elected in place of John XXIII,476.Mary, Queen of England, marriage of to Philip II brought calamities to England,142;statutes of, repealed by English Parliament,148.Mary Queen of Scots, imprisoned by Elizabeth,136.Maximilian Joseph, of Bavaria, denied access to Jesuits,264.Monroe Doctrine,350, note, page262.Montagu, English statesman maintained temporal power,458.Morales, sent to China to investigate Jesuits,210;banished from China,210.N.Napoleon I,258;letter of, to Pius VII, concerning temporal power,269.Napoleon III, advised Pius IX to let the revolted provinces go,313;sent troops to Italy to protect temporal power,318;withdrew troops from Italy,319.Netherlands, the, Government of, maintained by the Holy Alliance,278.Nina, Cardinal, Secretary of State to Leo XIII,344.Nobili, Jesuit missionary to India,198;assumed the character of a Brahmin,199;summoned to Goa to explain his conduct,205.O.O'Reilly, biographer of Leo XIII, expounds the theories of the popes,347-365;repudiates the Declaration of Independence,359;maintains Thomas Aquinas must be taught in schools in United States,408.P.Palmyra, Archbishop of, book of, forbidden at Rome, and placed on the Prohibitory Index,417.Paul III, Pope, issued bull approving the Jesuits,48,216;assembled the Council of Trent,67,467;excommunicated Henry VIII,131;endeavored to induce Charles V and Francis I to invade England,131;solicited aid of Loyola against Henry VIII,131.Para, Bishop of, appointed delegate to Cardinal Saldanha,190;suspended Jesuits from functions of confessors and pulpit,190.Paraguay, Jesuit government in, monarchical,171,173;Europeans prohibited entering,173;reductions established by Jesuits in,174;character of government in reductions,174-177;conflict between Jesuits and Portuguese Government in,178;Jesuits suppressed by Pombal in,181-194.Paris, Bishop of, denounced infallibility,473;university of, opposed Jesuits,96;Jesuits driven out of,96,220;Jesuits admitted to, conditionally,110.Parson, Jesuit leader, visited England with Campion, and pretended to be a Protestant,141.Passionei, Cardinal, Secretary to Benedict XIV,188.Pecci, Cardinal (Leo XIII) elected pope,333,336;denounced Italian revolution,367,375;considered temporal power a divine institution,368;upon spiritual sovereignty of the pope,373;condemned the law of Umbria,376;chosen to protest to Piedmont against infringement of papal rights,380;condemned freedom of conscience,383;claimed education should be under the direction of the Church,384;drew up constitution for Academy of St. Thomas Aquinas,407.Peter, Apostle, alleged to have been the first pope,435,436,472,473,478.Philip II, his marriage to Mary, Queen of England, brought calamities to England,142;hatred of, for Protestants,143;his proposal of marriage to Elizabeth refused,144.Philip III, approved the Jesuit State in Paraguay,174.Philip IV, favored Jesuits in Paraguay,174.Piedmont, formed an alliance with Sardinia,308.Pisa, Council of, denied the pope's infallibility,436.Pius V, pope, pretended authority of, over Elizabeth,137.Pius VI, pope, sustained the decree of Clement XIV,237,240;condemned the efforts of the French to establish a Republic, and the Legislative Assembly,441.Pius VII, pope, re-established the Jesuits,236,247,249,250,252,253,259,427;authorized the order of Jesuits in White Russia,244,254;relations of to Holy Alliance,249-271;his concordat to Louis XVIII concerning temporal power,265;his concordat defeated by Catholics of France,265;refuses assent to concordat of German Christians,266;excommunicate liberal Christians in France, Germany, England, and Italy,266;rejected proposition of Napoleon concerning temporal power,270;death of in 1823,271.Pius VIII, pope, elected 1829,274;circular letter of, to "the bishops of Christendom,"274.Pius IX, pope,291;possessed excellent personal qualities,292;accepted as a reformer,293,297;his election by Conclave of Cardinals,293;his decree of amnesty,294;his popularity,296;relations of, to the Holy Alliance,296;compelled to expel Jesuits from Rome,19,309,337,393;rejects overture of pacification from Victor Emmanuel,23,321;declared infallible,321,427,428,471,478;dictated the doctrine of infallibility,68,321,427,480;his decree establishing the Immaculate Conception as a dogma of faith,436;important propositions of his Syllabus enumerated,455;his reforms aimed to perpetuate temporal power,299;his declaration of temporal power,300;created a "Civic Guard,"300;his vanity,301;demanded by Italians to declare war against Austria,302;not a statesman,303;his declaration in favor of the Austrians,305;influences of the Jesuits over,310,327;adhered to doctrine of temporal power,310,315;requested Austria to withdraw troops from Italy,311;requested co-operation of Sardinia in forming a confederacy with pope as ruler,311;rejected advice of Louis Napoleon,313;condemned new Government of Italy,315,326;took refuge in Castle of St. Angelo,322;returned to Rome,328;his death,328;his allocution amending the Confession of Faith,330-332;condemned public schools in Syllabus, 1864,403.Poissy, Council of,101,106;Laynez at,102.Pole, Cardinal, opposed introduction of Jesuits into England,132.Polignac, Prime Minister of Charles X,276.Pombal (Sebastian Cavalho), suppressed the Jesuits in Paraguay,181-194.Popes, opposed to separation of Church and State,391;number of,435;opposed to a General Council,466,467;maintained temporal power by oppressive measures,465,469;strove to perpetuate infallibility,468;condemn principles of United States Government,391,411,419,420,461.Portugal, Jesuits enter and acquire immense wealth,86;establish college at Coimbra,86;possessions of, in India,153,154;king of, sends Xavier to India,154;possession of Brazil,168;Royal Council, 1757,183;government of, prepared statement of grievances against Jesuits,184;Jesuits suppressed in,218,291.Protestants, number of, in the world, note page464;of the United States excommunicated in the papal sense,492.Protestantism, condemned by Balmes,16,17,409;its extirpation the purpose of Loyola,33;the controlling power in human affairs,33;anathematized by Leo XII,272.Prussia, war between France and, a blow at Pius IX,319.Public-school system assailed,16,394,421;pope hostile to,343,358,391;division of sentiment among Roman Catholics in United Statesconcerning,397;decision of Satolli on,397;Satolli's views of, approved by pope,398;condemned by Pius IX,403;Jesuits striving to control,440.R.Rabadenira, biographer of Loyola,32.Reformation, the, its suppression of Loyola's purpose,33,93,469;its influences in Germany,73,115,117,128;influences of, in France,92;events transpiring in Europe during,124-127.Roman Catholics, appealed to by Jesuits to restore temporal power,24;revolutions in States of,267,268;revolutionary fervor increased under Leo XII,271;conflict in Italy was between papacy and,285;in United States instructed that loss of temporal power is an international question,363;estimated number of, in United States,392;number of, in the world, note, page464;sentiment concerning common schools divided among,397;schools of, must be sedulously promoted,401,402;required to teach doctrines of Thomas Aquinas in schools,412,415,418;patriotism of, in the United States,422,490;multitudes of, lovers of civil and religious liberty,425.Roman Catholic writers, Congress of, at Rome,351;rebuked by Leo XIII,352;disinclined to publish the bull "Unam Sanctam" of Boniface VIIIin full,482.Rome, Bishop of, acquired title of pope in the sixth century,22;