Chapter 14

{466}Origin, Ed. i. p. 449, vi. p. 617.{467}This corresponds to theOrigin, Ed. i. pp. 443-4, vi. p. 610: the “feline animal” is not used to illustrate the generalisation, but is so used in the Essay of 1842, p.42.{468}Origin, Ed. i. p. 447, vi. p. 613.{469}In the margin is written “Get young pigeons”; this was afterwards done, and the results are given in theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 445, vi. p. 612.{470}In theOrigin, Ed. i. the corresponding passages are at pp. 8, 13, 443, vi. pp. 8, 15, 610. In theOrigin, Ed. i. I have not found a passage so striking as that which occurs a few lines lower “that the germinal vesicle is impressed with some power which is wonderfully preserved, &c.” In theOriginthispreservationis rather taken for granted.{471}«In the margin is written» Aborted organs show, perhaps, something about period «at» which changes supervene in embryo.{472}Seep. 42, note 5.{473}The evidence is given inVar. under Dom.,I.p. 316.{474}Origin, Ed. i. p. 444, vi. p. 610.{475}InVar. under Dom., Ed. ii. vol.I.p. 295, such eggs are said to be laid early in each season by the black Labrador duck. In the next sentence in the text the author does not distinguish the characters of the vegetable capsule from those of the ovum.{476}This seems to me to be more strongly stated here than in theOrigin, Ed. i.{477}Origin, Ed. i. p. 444, vi. p. 611.{478}Origin, Ed. i. p. 441, vi. p. 607.{479}CompareOrigin, Ed. i. p. 419, vi. p. 575.{480}«Note in original.» Scarcely possible to distinguish between non-development and retrograde development.{481}See p.42, where the same illustration is used.{482}Var. under Dom., Ed. ii. vol.I.p. 452.{483}Origin, Ed. i. p. 441, vi. p. 607.{484}Origin, Ed. i. p. 449, vi. p. 617.{485}Origin, Ed. i. p. 449, vi. p. 618.{486}In theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 450, vi. p. 619, the author does not lay stress on any distinction in meaning between the termsabortiveandrudimentaryorgans.{487}Origin, Ed. i. p. 450, vi. p. 619.{488}Ibid.{489}This argument occurs inOrigin, Ed. i. p. 451, vi. p. 619.{490}Origin, Ed. i. p. 451, vi. p. 619, on male mammæ. In theOriginhe speaks certainly of the abortive mammæ of the cow giving milk,—a point which is here queried.{491}Origin, Ed. i. p. 451, vi. p. 620.{492}Thecaseof rudimentary organs adapted to new purposes is discussed in theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 451, vi. p. 620.{493}This is here stated on the authority of Sprengel; see alsoOrigin, Ed. i. p. 452, vi. p. 621.{494}Origin, Ed. i. p. 455, vi. p. 627. In the margin R. Brown's name is given apparently as the authority for the fact.{495}Origin, Ed. i. p. 455, vi. p. 626.{496}Origin, Ed. i. p. 454, vi. p. 625.{497}In theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 454, vi. p. 625, the author in referring to semi-monstrous variations adds “But I doubt whether any of these cases throw light on the origin of rudimentary organs in a state of nature.” In 1844 he was clearly more inclined to an opposite opinion.{498}Origin, Ed. i. p. 454, vi. p. 625.{499}SeeOrigin, Ed. i. p. 454, vi. p. 625. The author there discusses monstrosities in relation to rudimentary organs, and comes to the conclusion that disuse is of more importance, giving as a reason his doubt “whether species under nature ever undergo abrupt changes.” It seems to me that in theOriginhe gives more weight to the “Lamarckian factor” than he did in 1844. Huxley took the opposite view, see the Introduction.{500}Origin, Ed. i. p. 455, vi. p. 627.{501}Origin, Ed. i. p. 11, vi. p. 13, where drooping-ears of domestic animals are also given.{502}Origin, Ed. i. p. 137, vi. p. 170.{503}These words seem to have been inserted as an afterthought.{504}Origin, Ed. i. p. 444, vi. p. 611.{505}This and similar cases occur in theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 452, vi. p. 621.{506}The metaphor of the dishes is given in the Essay of 1842,p. 47, note 3.{507}Compare however Darwin’s later view:—“The possibility of making distinct races by crossing has been greatly exaggerated,”Origin, Ed. i. p. 20, vi. p. 23. The author’s change of opinion was no doubt partly due to his experience in breeding pigeons.{508}In theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 469, vi. p. 644, Darwin makes a strong statement to this effect.{509}“A grain in the balance will determine which individual shall live and which shall die,”Origin, Ed. i. p. 467, vi. p. 642. A similar statement occurs in the 1842 Essay,p. 8, note 3.{510}Thus according to the author what is now known asorthogenesisis due to selection.{511}Part II begins with Ch. IV. See theIntroduction, where the absence of division into two parts (in theOrigin) is discussed.{512}In the recapitulation in the last chapter of theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 475, vi. p. 651, the author does not insist on this point as the weightiest difficulty, though he does so in Ed. i. p. 299. It is possible that he had come to think less of the difficulty in question: this was certainly the case when he wrote the 6th edition, see p. 438.{513}«The following words:» The fauna changes singly «were inserted by the author, apparently to replace a doubtful erasure».{514}This question forms the subject of what is practically a section of the final chapter of theOrigin(Ed. i. p. 480, vi. p. 657).{515}Origin, Ed. i. p. 481, vi. p. 659.{516}The discussion on the three species ofRhinoceroswhich also occurs in the Essay of 1842, p.48, was omitted in Ch. XIV of theOrigin, Ed. i.{517}This corresponds to a paragraph in theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 483, vi. p. 662, where it is assumed that animals have descended “from at most only four or five progenitors, and plants from an equal or lesser number.” In theOrigin, however, the author goes on, Ed. i. p. 484, vi. p. 663: “Analogy would lead me one step further, namely, to the belief that all animals and plants have descended from some one prototype.”{518}This sentence corresponds, not to the final section of theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 484, vi. p. 664, but rather to the opening words of the section already referred to (Origin, Ed. i. p. 480, vi. p. 657).{519}This simile occurs in the Essay of 1842, p.50, and in theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 485, vi. p. 665,i.e.in the final section of Ch. XIV (vi. Ch. XV). In theMS.there is some erasure in pencil of which I have taken no notice.{520}An almost identical sentence occurs in theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 487, vi. p. 667. The fine prophecy (in theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 486, vi. p. 666) on “the almost untrodden field of inquiry” is wanting in the present Essay.{521}See the last paragraph on p. 488 of theOrigin, Ed. i., vi. p. 668.{522}A passage corresponding to this occurs in the sketch of 1842, p.51, but not in the last chapter of theOrigin.{523}This sentence occurs in an almost identical form in theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 490, vi. p. 669. It will be noted that man is not named though clearly referred to. Elsewhere (Origin, Ed. i. p. 488) the author is bolder and writes “Light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history.” In Ed. vi. p. 668, he writes “Much light &c.”{524}For the history of this sentence (with which theOrigin of Speciescloses) see the Essay of 1842,p. 52, note 2: also the concluding pages of theIntroduction.{525}These four words are added in pencil between the lines.

{466}Origin, Ed. i. p. 449, vi. p. 617.

{467}This corresponds to theOrigin, Ed. i. pp. 443-4, vi. p. 610: the “feline animal” is not used to illustrate the generalisation, but is so used in the Essay of 1842, p.42.

{468}Origin, Ed. i. p. 447, vi. p. 613.

{469}In the margin is written “Get young pigeons”; this was afterwards done, and the results are given in theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 445, vi. p. 612.

{470}In theOrigin, Ed. i. the corresponding passages are at pp. 8, 13, 443, vi. pp. 8, 15, 610. In theOrigin, Ed. i. I have not found a passage so striking as that which occurs a few lines lower “that the germinal vesicle is impressed with some power which is wonderfully preserved, &c.” In theOriginthispreservationis rather taken for granted.

{471}«In the margin is written» Aborted organs show, perhaps, something about period «at» which changes supervene in embryo.

{472}Seep. 42, note 5.

{473}The evidence is given inVar. under Dom.,I.p. 316.

{474}Origin, Ed. i. p. 444, vi. p. 610.

{475}InVar. under Dom., Ed. ii. vol.I.p. 295, such eggs are said to be laid early in each season by the black Labrador duck. In the next sentence in the text the author does not distinguish the characters of the vegetable capsule from those of the ovum.

{476}This seems to me to be more strongly stated here than in theOrigin, Ed. i.

{477}Origin, Ed. i. p. 444, vi. p. 611.

{478}Origin, Ed. i. p. 441, vi. p. 607.

{479}CompareOrigin, Ed. i. p. 419, vi. p. 575.

{480}«Note in original.» Scarcely possible to distinguish between non-development and retrograde development.

{481}See p.42, where the same illustration is used.

{482}Var. under Dom., Ed. ii. vol.I.p. 452.

{483}Origin, Ed. i. p. 441, vi. p. 607.

{484}Origin, Ed. i. p. 449, vi. p. 617.

{485}Origin, Ed. i. p. 449, vi. p. 618.

{486}In theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 450, vi. p. 619, the author does not lay stress on any distinction in meaning between the termsabortiveandrudimentaryorgans.

{487}Origin, Ed. i. p. 450, vi. p. 619.

{488}Ibid.

{489}This argument occurs inOrigin, Ed. i. p. 451, vi. p. 619.

{490}Origin, Ed. i. p. 451, vi. p. 619, on male mammæ. In theOriginhe speaks certainly of the abortive mammæ of the cow giving milk,—a point which is here queried.

{491}Origin, Ed. i. p. 451, vi. p. 620.

{492}Thecaseof rudimentary organs adapted to new purposes is discussed in theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 451, vi. p. 620.

{493}This is here stated on the authority of Sprengel; see alsoOrigin, Ed. i. p. 452, vi. p. 621.

{494}Origin, Ed. i. p. 455, vi. p. 627. In the margin R. Brown's name is given apparently as the authority for the fact.

{495}Origin, Ed. i. p. 455, vi. p. 626.

{496}Origin, Ed. i. p. 454, vi. p. 625.

{497}In theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 454, vi. p. 625, the author in referring to semi-monstrous variations adds “But I doubt whether any of these cases throw light on the origin of rudimentary organs in a state of nature.” In 1844 he was clearly more inclined to an opposite opinion.

{498}Origin, Ed. i. p. 454, vi. p. 625.

{499}SeeOrigin, Ed. i. p. 454, vi. p. 625. The author there discusses monstrosities in relation to rudimentary organs, and comes to the conclusion that disuse is of more importance, giving as a reason his doubt “whether species under nature ever undergo abrupt changes.” It seems to me that in theOriginhe gives more weight to the “Lamarckian factor” than he did in 1844. Huxley took the opposite view, see the Introduction.

{500}Origin, Ed. i. p. 455, vi. p. 627.

{501}Origin, Ed. i. p. 11, vi. p. 13, where drooping-ears of domestic animals are also given.

{502}Origin, Ed. i. p. 137, vi. p. 170.

{503}These words seem to have been inserted as an afterthought.

{504}Origin, Ed. i. p. 444, vi. p. 611.

{505}This and similar cases occur in theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 452, vi. p. 621.

{506}The metaphor of the dishes is given in the Essay of 1842,p. 47, note 3.

{507}Compare however Darwin’s later view:—“The possibility of making distinct races by crossing has been greatly exaggerated,”Origin, Ed. i. p. 20, vi. p. 23. The author’s change of opinion was no doubt partly due to his experience in breeding pigeons.

{508}In theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 469, vi. p. 644, Darwin makes a strong statement to this effect.

{509}“A grain in the balance will determine which individual shall live and which shall die,”Origin, Ed. i. p. 467, vi. p. 642. A similar statement occurs in the 1842 Essay,p. 8, note 3.

{510}Thus according to the author what is now known asorthogenesisis due to selection.

{511}Part II begins with Ch. IV. See theIntroduction, where the absence of division into two parts (in theOrigin) is discussed.

{512}In the recapitulation in the last chapter of theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 475, vi. p. 651, the author does not insist on this point as the weightiest difficulty, though he does so in Ed. i. p. 299. It is possible that he had come to think less of the difficulty in question: this was certainly the case when he wrote the 6th edition, see p. 438.

{513}«The following words:» The fauna changes singly «were inserted by the author, apparently to replace a doubtful erasure».

{514}This question forms the subject of what is practically a section of the final chapter of theOrigin(Ed. i. p. 480, vi. p. 657).

{515}Origin, Ed. i. p. 481, vi. p. 659.

{516}The discussion on the three species ofRhinoceroswhich also occurs in the Essay of 1842, p.48, was omitted in Ch. XIV of theOrigin, Ed. i.

{517}This corresponds to a paragraph in theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 483, vi. p. 662, where it is assumed that animals have descended “from at most only four or five progenitors, and plants from an equal or lesser number.” In theOrigin, however, the author goes on, Ed. i. p. 484, vi. p. 663: “Analogy would lead me one step further, namely, to the belief that all animals and plants have descended from some one prototype.”

{518}This sentence corresponds, not to the final section of theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 484, vi. p. 664, but rather to the opening words of the section already referred to (Origin, Ed. i. p. 480, vi. p. 657).

{519}This simile occurs in the Essay of 1842, p.50, and in theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 485, vi. p. 665,i.e.in the final section of Ch. XIV (vi. Ch. XV). In theMS.there is some erasure in pencil of which I have taken no notice.

{520}An almost identical sentence occurs in theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 487, vi. p. 667. The fine prophecy (in theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 486, vi. p. 666) on “the almost untrodden field of inquiry” is wanting in the present Essay.

{521}See the last paragraph on p. 488 of theOrigin, Ed. i., vi. p. 668.

{522}A passage corresponding to this occurs in the sketch of 1842, p.51, but not in the last chapter of theOrigin.

{523}This sentence occurs in an almost identical form in theOrigin, Ed. i. p. 490, vi. p. 669. It will be noted that man is not named though clearly referred to. Elsewhere (Origin, Ed. i. p. 488) the author is bolder and writes “Light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history.” In Ed. vi. p. 668, he writes “Much light &c.”

{524}For the history of this sentence (with which theOrigin of Speciescloses) see the Essay of 1842,p. 52, note 2: also the concluding pages of theIntroduction.

{525}These four words are added in pencil between the lines.

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